JP6892420B2 - Soil erosion prevention soil spray material and soil erosion prevention soil spray material container set - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a soil erosion prevention soil spraying material and a soil spraying material container set using non-seed plants including algae, mosses, ferns, and lichens.

In soil exposed by construction or farming activities, when exposed to wind and rain, a flow of water occurs on the surface of the soil, and soil particles that are softened with water are peeled off and transported, causing soil erosion and rivers. And outflow to the sea.

In order to solve such a problem of soil erosion, the applicant applies soil erosion characterized by spraying algae on the soil surface to propagate and covering the soil surface with algae to prevent soil erosion. A preventive method is proposed (Patent Document 1 below). According to such a soil erosion prevention method, soil erosion can be satisfactorily prevented by spraying algae on the soil and covering the soil surface with the algae.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-360206

As a result of diligent studies to further improve the technique related to the soil erosion prevention method, the present inventors have found that there is room for further improvement in the following points.
That is, when the algae to be sprayed are powdered and sprayed on the soil, if wind and rain occur shortly after the spraying, the powdered algae may be scattered from the soil and flow out. In view of the above-mentioned problems of scattering or outflow, when the algae were kneaded with appropriate water to form a paste and sprayed on the soil, the above-mentioned problems could be avoided.

However, it has been found that paste-like algae are unsuitable for long-term storage due to their high water content, and may spoil after storage for several weeks to several months.

In addition, according to the examination of the applicant, it was found that the same problem may occur when biological materials other than algae are sprayed on the soil (specifically, mosses).

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems. That is, the present invention provides a soil erosion-preventing soil spraying material and a soil erosion-preventing soil spraying material container set, which are resistant to scattering or flowing out due to the influence of wind and rain after being sprayed on the soil and have excellent long-term storage stability. provide.

The soil spraying material for soil erosion prevention of the present invention is a biological material that is a combination of one type of non-seed plant or two or more types of non-seed plants, and a granular carrier that supports the biological material (provided that it is biodegradable). and excluding super absorbent polymer), have a, is molded into particles, wherein the non-seed plants, characterized in that at any one or more viable algae and lichens on the soil surface.

The soil erosion prevention soil spray material container set of the present invention is a set of containers in which the soil erosion prevention soil spray material of the present invention is housed, and the first container for soil erosion prevention is the first. It has a first container containing a soil spray material and a second container containing a second soil erosion prevention soil spray material in the second container, and has the first soil erosion prevention. The first granular carrier contained in the soil spraying material for use and the second granular carrier contained in the soil spraying material for preventing soil erosion are different from each other.

The soil spraying material for soil erosion prevention of the present invention is not easily scattered or spilled due to the influence of wind and rain after being sprayed on the soil, and has excellent long-term storage stability. The soil spraying material of the present invention contains a non-seed plant, which is generally distinguished from a plant that sows seeds and germinates, in a particulate matter so that the non-seed plant can be efficiently sprayed and propagated in the soil. Make it possible.
Further, the soil spraying material production method of the present invention can produce the soil spraying material of the present invention by a simple process.
Further, since the soil erosion prevention method of the present invention uses a soil spraying material that is hard to scatter or flow out due to the influence of wind and rain after spraying on the soil, the soil that satisfactorily prevents soil erosion regardless of the weather after spraying. It can exert an erosion prevention effect.
Further, in the soil erosion prevention soil spray material container set of the present invention, a person who uses the soil erosion material of the present invention can use the soil of the land where the soil erosion prevention is planned from among a plurality of types of soil erosion material aggregates. It makes it possible to select a suitable soil spray aggregate.

(A) is a perspective view of a pellet type soil spraying material which is an example of the soil spraying material according to the first embodiment, and is a partially enlarged view of the soil spraying material, and (b) is a partially enlarged view of the soil spraying material. It is a perspective view of the irregular-shaped soil spraying material which is an example of such a soil spraying material, and a partially enlarged view of the soil spraying material, and (c) is an example of the soil spraying material which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the soil spraying material which consists of one granular support, and is the enlarged view of the soil spraying material. It is a vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the culture apparatus used in 2nd Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing explaining the process of the soil spray material manufacturing method which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, (a) shows the early stage of a growing process, (b) shows the late stage of a growing process, (c) shows. An example of a harvesting step is a scraping method, (d) shows a mixing step, (e) shows a granular molding step, and (f) shows a plurality of produced soil spraying materials. There is. This is an example of a graph showing the particle size distribution based on the number of granular carriers contained in the soil spray material.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. In all drawings, similar components are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted as appropriate.
Each component in the embodiment of the present invention can be appropriately changed from the corresponding component in another embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the following description, the soil spraying material for preventing soil erosion will be abbreviated as simply a soil spraying material and will be appropriately described with respect to the present invention.

<First Embodiment>
Hereinafter, as a first embodiment of the present invention, one embodiment of the soil spraying material of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 as appropriate. FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a pellet-type soil spraying material 100, which is an example of the soil spraying material 100 according to the first embodiment, and a partially enlarged view of the soil spraying material 100. FIG. 1B is a perspective view of an amorphous soil spraying material 100, which is an example of the soil spraying material 100 according to the first embodiment, and a partially enlarged view of the soil spraying material 100. FIG. (C) is a perspective view of the soil spraying material 100 composed of a single granular carrier 20, which is an example of the soil spraying material 100 according to the first embodiment, and an enlarged view of the soil spraying material 100. In each of FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c), a perspective view of the soil spraying material 100 is shown on the left side of the paper, and an enlarged view is shown on the right side of the paper.

As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c), the soil spraying material 100 is a biological material 10 which is a combination of one kind of non-seed plant or two or more kinds of non-seed plants, and granules supporting the biological material 10. It has a carrier 20 and is formed into particles.
In the present invention, the non-seed plant refers to a plant other than a seed plant among the plants. Here, the seed plant means a plant that reproduces sexually and forms seeds. Examples of non-seed plants include algae, moss, ferns, or lichens. Lichens are a complex formed by the symbiosis of fungi and algae, and their taxonomic treatment has changed due to the complexity of their composition. Lichens were once treated as independent taxa or plants, but the current academic classification of organisms focuses on the fungi that make up the complex and is mainly classified as fungi. is there. However, in the present invention, the lichen is treated as a non-seed plant for convenience from the viewpoint that the lichen is not an organism (complex) that produces and proliferates seeds.

Since the soil spraying material 100 includes the granular carrier 20, the weight is heavier than that of the conventional powdered algae, and after being sprayed on the soil, it is difficult to scatter or flow out due to the influence of wind and rain.
In addition, the soil spraying material 100, which is a granulated solid substance, can be appropriately dried. The dry soil spray material 100 is resistant to putrefaction and has excellent long-term storage properties. The soil spraying material 100 using the non-seed plant as the biological material 10 can efficiently spray the non-seed plant that does not form seeds to a desired soil, and grow the non-seed plant in the soil.

The soil spraying material 100 may have a plurality of granular carriers 20 as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), or substantially one as shown in FIG. 1 (c). It can also be composed of the granular carrier 20.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the soil spraying material 100 has a plurality of granular carriers 20 for supporting the biological material 10. When the soil spray material 100 contains a plurality of granular carriers 20, the plurality of granular carriers 20 may be indefinite to each other.
When the biological material 10 and the plurality of granular carriers 20 having a significant major axis and having irregular shapes are gathered together to form the soil spraying material 100, the soil is as shown in FIG. 1 (a). Voids 26 are likely to be formed inside the spray material 100. The soil spraying material 100 having the voids 26 exhibits high water retention and exhibits high water retention because the voids 26 become a water-containing region when water is discharged to the spraying area of the soil spraying material 100 or when rainfall occurs after the spraying. It is possible to provide a favorable environment for the growth of the wood 10. The void 26 can also serve as a growth region for the biological material 10. That is, the biological material 10 contained in the soil spraying material 100 is not limited to the outward direction of the soil spraying material 100 in the early stage of growth, and can also grow in the inward direction of the soil spraying material 100. .. Therefore, the soil spraying material 100 having the voids 26 can impart a good initial growth environment to the biological material 10 after spraying.

Here, when the plurality of granular carriers 20 are amorphous to each other, it means that the plurality of granular carriers 20 are not substantially the same shape as each other. Specifically, in the above-mentioned indefinite shape, when one granular carrier 20 has a spherical shape or a shape close to it and the other granular carrier 20 has a shape other than a spherical shape, the one granular carrier 20 and the other granular support 20 have a shape other than the spherical shape. This includes cases where the carriers 20 have a spherical shape or a shape close to the sphere, but have different diameters from each other.
However, the above does not exclude the aspect in which the plurality of granular carriers 20 have substantially the same shape as each other in the soil spraying material 100 of the present embodiment. Here, substantially the same shape means that, in microscopic observation at a magnification at which the entire shape of the plurality of granular carriers can be confirmed, it is observed that the plurality of granular carriers 20 are artificially formed by aligning the particle shapes. Means the degree of

The size of the soil spraying material 100 formed into particles is not particularly limited, and can be sprayed on the soil, and can be appropriately determined within a range in which scattering or prevention due to wind and rain is unlikely to occur.
For example, as a preferable example, the soil spray material 100 has an average major axis in the range of 1 mm or more and 20 mm or less, and more preferably 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less.

When the average major axis of the soil spraying material 100 is 1 mm or more, scattering or runoff due to wind and rain can be satisfactorily avoided. Further, since the average major axis of the soil spraying material 100 is 20 mm or less, the spraying efficiency is good and the handleability is good.
When the granular support 20 is not provided and only the biological material 10 is substantially aggregated to form a granular body having an appropriate major axis, the granular body has an improved problem of scattering or outflow as compared with the case of powder. Will be done. However, the granular material having no granular support 20 has a high density of the biological material 10 and is difficult to dry, so that mold easily grows and there is a possibility that a problem in storage stability may occur.

Here, the major axis of the soil spraying material 100 means the longest portion of the soil spraying material 100 observed visually or with a microscope. If the soil spraying material 100 is substantially spherical, its diameter is the major axis, if it is elliptical, its major axis is the major axis, and if it is irregular, the longest point that can be measured in a straight line is the major axis. When the soil spraying material 100 has a thin pellet shape, the diameter or major axis of the main surface of the pellet corresponds to the major axis. The average major axis is defined by arbitrarily selecting a specified number (for example, 30) from a plurality of soil spraying materials 100 observed visually or with a microscope, measuring their major axis, and dividing the sum of each major axis by the above specified number. It is the value that was set.

The shape of the soil spraying material 100 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, a pellet shape having an appropriate thickness as shown in FIG. 1 (a). Here, the pellet shape means a columnar shape having a certain thickness. In the present specification, the columnar end face is referred to as a main face. The dimensions of the pellet-shaped soil spraying material 100 are not particularly limited, but for example, the thickness may be 0.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less, and the major axis of the main surface may be 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less. For example, the soil spray material 100 having a pellet shape can have a thickness dimension ≤ the major axis of the main surface. By adopting the above numerical range, it is possible to provide a soil spraying material 100 having good spraying efficiency and prevented scattering or runoff. The main surface of the pellet-shaped soil spraying material 100 is, for example, circular or polygonal, but is not limited to this, and may be a predetermined arbitrary shape or irregular shape. FIG. 1A shows a pellet-shaped soil spraying material 100 having a major axis larger than the thickness and a circular main surface. The circle includes a perfect circle, an oval, and an ellipse. As shown in the partially enlarged view, the soil spraying material 100 shown in FIG. 1A is granulated in a state where a plurality of amorphous granular carriers 20 and a biological material 10 are mixed.

Further, the soil spraying material 100 may have an irregular shape as shown in FIG. 1 (b). As shown in the partially enlarged view, the soil spraying material 100 shown in FIG. 1B has a large-diameter granular carrier 22 and a small-diameter granular carrier 32 as the granular carriers 20. The small-diameter granular support 32 embeds the periphery of the large-diameter granular support 22, and is embedded on the surface of the large-diameter granular support 22 embedded in the small-diameter granular support 32 or with the adjacent large-diameter granular support 22. The biological material 10 is present between the large-diameter granular carrier 22 and the large-diameter granular carrier 22. By embedding the large-diameter granular carrier 22 in the small-diameter granular carrier 32 in this way, the adhesiveness of the biological material 10 to the granular carrier 20 is improved, and after spraying, the soil spraying material 100 to the biological material 10 Is well prevented from flowing out in pieces.

The soil spraying material 100 described above with reference to FIG. 1 shows an example and does not limit the present invention in any way. For example, the soil spraying material 100 has a standard shape such as a pellet shape as shown in FIG. 1 (a), and the granular carrier 20 has a large diameter as shown in the partially enlarged view of FIG. 1 (b). It may have both the granular carrier 22 and the small diameter granular carrier 32.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the soil spraying material 100 may have a mode in which the biological material 10 is substantially attached to a single granular carrier 20.

The weight of one grain of the soil spraying material 100 is not particularly limited, but for example, as an example of a preferable embodiment, the weight is in the range of 5 mg or more and 100 mg, and more preferably 10 mg or more and 30 mg or less. When the weight is 5 mg or more, the problem of scattering or outflow after spraying can be satisfactorily improved, and when the weight is 100 mg or less, the spraying efficiency is good and the handleability is good. When spraying the grains of the plurality of soil spraying materials 100, the weights of the grains of the plurality of soil spraying materials 100 do not have to be the same. For example, in 100 randomly selected soil spraying materials 100, if the remaining 80 grains are included in the above preferable weight range except for the upper 10 grains having a large weight and the lower 10 grains having a low weight, it is expected. The problem can be solved sufficiently.

The water content of the soil spraying material 100 according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but in order to avoid putrefaction and obtain good storage stability, the water content of the soil spraying material 100 is preferably 20% or less. It is more preferably 10% or less, and particularly preferably 5% or less.

(Biological material)
The biological material 10 in the present invention is a non-seed plant. The biological material 10 includes one kind of non-seed plant or a combination of two or more kinds of non-seed plants. By including the plants that do not grow by seeds in the granular soil spraying material in this way, the non-seed plants can be efficiently sprayed and grown in the soil.

For example, in the present invention, as the biological material 10 which is the non-seed plant, a non-vascular plant can be mentioned.
In the present invention, the non-vascular plant means a plant having no vascular bundle. Here, the vascular bundle is one of the tissues of a plant, and is a tissue extending in the vertical direction (extending direction of the stem) in the stem. Vascular bundles can separate from the stem and extend to the inside of leaves and roots. The vascular bundle has a role of transporting water, nutrients, etc. into the plant and mechanically supporting the plant. Therefore, vascular plants have a so-called property of extending stems and extending from the ground surface toward land to grow. On the other hand, non-vascular plants that do not have vascular bundles generally have the property of growing as if they crawl on the surface of the earth. Since non-vascular plants grow so as to cover the ground surface as described above, the effect of preventing soil erosion is likely to be exhibited at an early stage.

For example, as the biological material 10 which is a non-vascular plant, any one or more of algae, moss, and lichen that can grow on the surface layer of soil can be mentioned.

Next, the details of the biological material 10 will be described. As typical examples of the biological material 10 of the present invention, algae, moss, ferns, and lichens (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as algae and the like) will be described below. However, other non-seed plants can be appropriately used as the biological material 10 of the present invention as long as the gist of the present invention is not deviated.
Whether or not the algae and the like contained in the biological material 10 are of the same type is determined as follows. That is, when two plants contained in the biological material 10 are classified into the same genus in terms of biological classification, they are judged to be of the same type, and the biological material 10 is judged to contain one type of plant. To do. Further, when two plants contained in the biological material 10 belong to a higher classification of different genera or higher in terms of biological classification, they are judged to be different types, and the biological material 10 has two types of plants. Judged to include.

The height of growth on the surface of the biological material 10 and the depth of growth in the ground are not particularly limited as long as the biological material 10 grows on the soil and prevents erosion of the soil. For example, when the biological material 10 contains ferns, the growth height on the ground surface is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, in the range of 10 cm or more and 100 cm or less. Here, the growth height means the height from the surface of the earth to the highest level of the plant on land. The growth depth means the depth from the surface of the earth to the deepest point of plants (including roots) in the soil.
The growth height and depth of algae, moss, and lichens, which are non-vascular plants, are not particularly limited, but are generally about several centimeters each. The soil surface layer on which algae, mosses, and lichens can grow is the ground surface and the vicinity of the soil surface including a height range of several centimeters from the ground surface and a depth range of several centimeters from the ground surface. The biological material 10 can grow at least in the soil surface layer. By growing in the soil surface layer or a range beyond the biological material 10, the soil particles constituting the soil surface layer are exfoliated and transported to prevent soil erosion from occurring.

The algae in the present invention include unicellular algae, colonial algae, filamentous or branched algae, or foliate algae. These four groups are known groups that are determined primarily by the morphological characteristics of algae rather than by biological classification. In the present invention, for convenience, the above group is positioned as a higher taxon beyond the genus, and when two plants belong to different groups in the above four groups, they are judged to be different types. ..
Unicellular algae are a group of algae whose morphology is monogranular algae, but which are characterized by forming cell aggregates as they proliferate.
A colony algae (coenobium) is a group of algae in which a certain number of cells are gathered together with some kind of interrelationship, and is a group having a characteristic that they gather together to form an aggregate as they proliferate.
Filamentous or branched algae are a group of algae having a characteristic that filamentous or branched algae are intertwined with each other and develop into tufts, nets, etc. as they grow.
Foliar algae are a group that has the characteristic of spreading like a marine monostroma nitidum as it grows.

The algae in the present invention include indigo algae (blue algae net), red algae (red algae net), whirlpool algae (vortex whirlpool algae), brown whip algae (brown whip algae), in terms of biological classification. Silica algae (diatomaceous net), yellow-green algae (yellow-green algae net), true eye spot algae (true eye spot algae), Euglena algae (Euglena algae net), placeno algae (placeno algae), green algae (green algae net) It can be appropriately selected and used from algae that are contained and can grow on the surface layer of the soil. In the present invention, cyanobacteria (eubacteria) are treated as cyanobacteria (particularly, cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria)) based on the conventional (old classification system) taxonomy.

For example, the genus Cyanophyceae (Cyanobacteria) includes the genus Chroococcus, the genus Gloeocapsa, the genus Gloeothece, the genus Aphanocapsa, and the genus Aphanothe. (Synechococcus), Chlorogloea, Arthrospira, Spirulina, Oscillatoria, Crinalium, Porphyrosiphon, Polychlamydium, Polychlamydium Phormidium, Lyngbya, Schizothrix, Symplpca, Microcoleus, Hydrocoleum, Cylindrospermum, Nostoc, Anabaena, Plectonema, Scytonematopsis, Scytonema, Tolypothrix, Petalonema, Microchaete, Calothrix ), Dichothrix, Rivularia, Nostochopsis, Mastigocladopsis, Mstigocladus, Hapalosiphon, Westella Examples include Westiellopsis, Camptylonema, Iyengariella, Fischella, Stigonema, Anacystis, Tolypothrix, etc. ..

Examples of the red algae (Rhodophyceae) include Porphyridium (Japanese name: Porphyridium), Chroothece, Rhodospora, and Phragmonema.

Examples of the Dinophyceae include Phytodinium, Gloeodinium, and Rufusiella.

The diatoms (Bcillariophyceae) include the genus Cyclotella, the genus Stephanodiscus, the genus Melosira, the genus Tabellaria, the genus Diatoma, the genus Meridion, and the genus Frazilaria. Fragilaria, Synedra, Eunotia, Cocconeis, Achnanthes, Navicula, Stauroneis, Frustula, Neidium , Diploneis, Cymbella, Amphora, Gomphonema, Rhoicosphenia, Caloneis, Pinnularia, Denticula ), Epithemia, Rhopalodia, Hantzschia, Nitzschia, Surirella and the like.

The genus Pleurochloris, Chloridella, Ellipsoidion, Monallantus, Nephrodiella, and Monodas are examples of the genus Xanthophycea. , Chlorocloster, Pleurogaster, Diachros, Sklerochlamys, Arachnochloris, Goniochloris, Bumilleriopsis, Characiopsis, Botrydiopsis, Botryochloris, Sphaerosorus, Chlorellidiopsis, Chlorellidium, Gloeobotrys, Gloeobotrys Gloeosphaeridium, Heterotrichella, Xanthonema, Bumilleria, Tribonema, Heterococcus, Capitulariella, Heteropedia Heteropedia), Aeronema, Botrydium, Asterosiphon, Vaucheria, Heterothrix, etc.

Examples of the genus Eustigmatophyceae include the genus Eustigmatos, the genus Vischeria, the genus Pseudocharaciopsis, the genus Chlorobotrys, and the genus Monodoppsis.

Examples of the Euglenophyceae include the genus Euglena, the genus Heteronema, the genus Astasia, the genus Petalomonas, and the genus Scytomonas.

Examples of Prasinophyceae include the genus Pedinomonas and the genus Prasinochloris.

The genus Chlorophyceae includes the genus Chlamydomonas, Chloromonas, Carteria, Heterochlamydomonas, Lobomonas, Polytoma, and Tussetia. ), Tetrablepharis, Gonium, Pandorina, Volvulina, Palmellopsis, Gloeococcus, Chlamydocapsa, Sphaele Sphaerellocystis, Cystomonas, Chlorococcum, Neospongiococcum, Radiosphaera, Apodochloris, Nautococcus Planopilla (Pseudoplanophila), Fasciculochloris, Heterotetracystis, Spongiococcum, Tetracystis, Borodinellopsis, Axilos faella Genus (Axilosphaera), genus Characiochloris, genus Chlamydopodium, genus Actinochloris, genus Macrochloris, genus Deasonia, genus Pseudodictyochloris , Hormotilopsis, Chloronomala, Characiosiphon, Myrmecia, Phaseolaria, Poloidion, Dictyochlorop sis), Pseudotrochiscia, Trochiisciopsis, Ignatius, Ettlia, Lautosphaeria, Axilococcus, Holmotilla (sis) Hormotila, Gyorffyana, Inoderma, Botryokoryne, Chlorochytrium, Fernandinella, Chloroplana, Cholochlams Genus Characium, Ankyra, Saturnella, Chlorella, Muriella, Lobosphaera, Lobosphaeropsis, Planktosphaerella ), Muriellopsis, Pseudochlorella, Hemichloris, Pseudochlorococcum, Elliptochloris, Keriochlamys, Keriochlamys Genus Chlorolobion, Podohedra, Keratococcus, Closteriopsis, Monoraphidium, Choricystis, Ankistrodesmus, The genus Thelesphaera, Scotiellopsis, Scotiella, Coelastrella, Dictyosphaerium, Gloeocystis, Coccomyxa Shizokura The genus Schizochlamydella, the genus Coenochloris, the genus Dactylothece, the genus Palmodictyon, the genus Trochiiscia, the genus Pilidiocystis, the genus Oocystis, Chondrosphaera, Coelastrrum, Enallax, Scenedesmus, Bracteacoccus, Dictyococcus, Dictiochloris, Neochloris , Follicularia, Spongiochloris, Chlorotetraedron, Characiopodium, Pseudospongiococcum, Protosiphon, Protosiphon (Chlorosarcina), Friedomannia, Polysphaera, Planophila, Chlorosphaeropsis, Desmotetra, Chlorosarcinopsis, Pseudotetrakistis Genus (Pseudotetracystis), Raphidonemopsis, Interfilum, Elakatothrix, Hottea, Geminella, Hormidiopsis, Holmidi The genus Hormidiospora, the genus Gloeotila, the genus Gloeotilopsis, the genus Pseudoschizomeris, the genus Nannochloris, the genus Microspora, the genus Plasinoco. The genus Prasiococcus, the genus Prasiolopsis, the genus Prasiola, the genus Iwanoffia, the genus Protoderma, the genus Apatococcus, the genus Jaagiella, the genus Cedelcreuchiella. , Diaphragma, Coccobotrys, Rhizothallus, Zoddaea, Leptosira, Diplosphaera, Desmococcus, Desmococcus ), Rhexinema, Dilabifilum, Spongioplastidium, Pseudopleurococcus, Tumulofilum, Nayalia, Fritschi ), Oedocladium, Ulothrix, Uronema, Trichosarcina, Pseudendoclonium, Trebouxia, Prebouxia ( Pleurastrum, Microthamnion, Klebsormidium, Stickococcus, Raphidonema, Hormidiella, Mesotaenium, Roya ), Spirotaenia, Cylindrocystis, Netrium, Cloosterium, Penium, Actinotaenium, Cosmarium, Euastrum Genus (Euastrum), genus Staurastrum, genus Zignema (Zygnema), the genus Debarya, the genus Zygogonium, and the like.

Next, the moss in the present invention will be described. Moss grows on soil surfaces, rocks, artificial structures such as concrete, bark, and leaves. Even moss that grows on surfaces other than the soil surface can be used as moss in the present invention. In addition, some species grow hanging from tree branches in a humid environment. On the surface of the soil (especially the surface of the earth), mosses are organisms that expand and grow in a plane so as to cover the surface of the soil (especially the surface of the earth). Most of the life cycle of moss is a gametophyte (n generation (gametophyte generation)), which is generally called a moss plant. The morphology of moss plants includes protonema, foliage and fronds. In moss reproduction, protonema is formed from spore budding or bryophyte fragments. In addition, there are also species in which asexual buds with proliferative ability are formed on moss plants. The 2n generation (sporophyte generation) is only the sporangium and sporophyte formed by fertilization on the moss plant. When moss is used as the biological material 10 of the soil spraying material 100, they can be used as a simple substance as they are in the state of spores or asexual buds. Further, in the state of foliage, fronds or protonema (protonema) generally called moss, it can be cut into a desired size and used as the biological material 10. Moss is easy to visually distinguish from other flora. Therefore, it is easy to selectively collect moss from the group of plants growing in the soil where the soil spraying material 100 is scheduled to be sprayed. Therefore, mosses are selectively collected from the land where the soil spraying material 100 is planned to be sprayed, and propagated as necessary to form a biological material 10, and the soil spraying material 100 using this is used as the biological material 10. By spraying on the soil, soil erosion can be prevented without destroying the natural environment (ecosystem).

Specific examples of liverworts are known to be classified into liverwort plant phylum, hornwort plant phylum, moss plant phylum, etc., but are not limited to these.
Examples of the liverwort phylum (Marchantiophyta) include liverwort net (Haplomitriopsida), liverwort net (Marchantiopsida), and uroko moss net (Jungermanniopsida).
Examples of the Komachigoke net (Haplomitriopsida) include the genus Komachigoke (Haplomitrium).
Examples of the liverwort net (Marchantiopsida) include the genus Blasia, the genus Marchantia, and the genus Conocephalum.
Examples of the Jungermanniopsida include the genus Mylia, the genus Bazzania, the genus Woollywort (Trichocolea), and the genus Ptilidium.

Examples of the hornwort plant phylum (Anthocerotophyta) include the hornwort net (Anthocerotopsida).
Examples of the hornwort net (Anthocerotopsida) include the genus Anthoceros, the genus Phaeoceros, the genus Notothylas, and the genus Megaaceros.

Examples of the moss phylum (Bryophyta) include Takakiopsida, Sphagnopsida, Andreaeopsida, Andreaeobryopsida, Oedipodiopsida, Polytrichop, and Polytrichop. (Tetraphidopsida), moss net (Bryopsida), etc. can be mentioned.
Examples of the Nanjamon jagoke net (Takakiopsida) include the genus Nanjamon jagoke (Takakia).
Examples of the sphagnum moss net (Sphagnopsida) include the genus Sphagnum.
Examples of the Andreaeopsida include the genus Andreaea.
As the Andreaeobryopsida, for example, the genus Andreaeobryum can be mentioned.
Examples of the Oedipodium net (Oedipodium) include the genus Oedipodium.
Examples of the Polytrichum net include the genus Polytrichum, the genus Pogonatum, and the genus Polytrichum.
Examples of the Yotsubagoke net (Tetraphidopsida) include the genus Tetraphis.
Examples of the mosses net (Bryopsida) include the genus Diphyscium, the genus Racomitrium, the genus Bartramia, the genus Funaria, and the genus Bryum.

Next, ferns used as the biological material 10 of the present invention will be described. It is known that pterophyta usually grow into a plant body generally called a pterophyta by fertilizing after spores germinate and form an anterior lobe. In addition, some species grow from root lines, asexual buds, or parts of the plant to the plant. Mosses are vascular plants and are very effective in preventing soil erosion in that they have a tougher root system than the false roots of moss plants.
When used in the soil spraying material 100, spores, asexual buds, and rhizomes can be used as a single substance. In addition, a seedling body in which spores, asexual buds, and root system are propagated can be used as the biological material 10. Pterophyta can easily distinguish their grown plants from other flora. Therefore, ferns are selectively collected from the land where the soil spraying material 100 is planned to be sprayed, and grown as necessary to form a biological material 10, and the soil spraying material 100 using this is used as the biological material 10. By spraying on the soil, soil erosion can be prevented without destroying the natural environment (ecosystem).

The above-mentioned pterophyta, that is, the Pterophyta, includes Psilotopsida, Lycopsida, Equisetopsida, Filicopsida and the like.

Examples of Psilotopsida include the genus Psilotum and the genus Botrychium.
Examples of Lycopsida include Lycopodium and Selaginella.
The horsetail (Equisetopsida) includes the genus Equisetum.
Filicopsida includes, for example, the genus Osmunda, the genus Hymenophyllum, the genus Dicranopteris, the genus Lygodium, the genus Schizaea, the genus Plagiogyria, and the genus Hego. ), Horashinobu (Sphenomeris), Mimimotishida (Acrostichum), Inomotosou (Pteria), Chasensida (Asplenium), Hiryuushida (Blechnum), Komotishida (Woodwardia), Kusasotetsu (Matteuccia), Yabusotetsu Examples include the genus Dryopteris, the genus Iwahitode (Colysis), the genus Ezodenda (Polypodium), the genus Tamashida (Nephrolepsis), and the genus Hitotsuba (Pyrrosia).

Next, the lichen will be described. In the present invention, the lichen is an organism (symbiosis) in which the above-mentioned algae (including cyanobacteria and green algae) and fungi coexist. It is distributed to all environments on the earth (from polar regions to tropics), and some of them are similar in appearance to mosses, but their structures are completely different from those of mosses. Most of its structure is composed of fungi (especially ascomycetes) and lives by photosynthesis of algae that coexist inside the structure. Lichens grow on soil surfaces (particularly on the surface), rock surfaces, man-made structure surfaces, bark surfaces, and plant leaves. On the surface of the soil (especially the surface of the earth) and the surface of the bark, it often expands into leaves (plates) and grows. As the lichen used in the present invention, it is possible to use a lichen that grows in a region other than the soil surface layer. In the present specification, a special form in which algae and fungi coexist may be referred to as a lichen body.
Lichens are known to reproduce sexually and asexually, and both lichens can be used in the present invention. Lichens that reproduce sexually form lichens on the lichen body and form spores in it. After the spores are sprayed and germinated, they coexist with the same symbiotic algae as the parent to form a new lichen body. Lichens that reproduce asexually have asexual reproductive organs formed on the lichen body, and form individuals in which lichens and algae coexist regardless of the growth stage.

It is known that the lichen changes its morphology from the early stage of growth to the late stage of growth. In the present specification, the lichen body in the early stage of growth may be referred to as a lichen juvenile, and the lichen body in the late stage of growth may be referred to as a mature lichen body.
Most lichen larvae are powdery, granular, or small plate (leaf) shaped. Lichen juveniles are propagated from asexual reproduction organs, and are mainly powder buds, powder buds (solaria), fissures (Ishidia), and foam buds (fungi) formed on or in mature lichens. It has both algae and algae, that is, it is a symbiotic organism). As a different example, it is also possible to treat a part of a mature lichen fragmented by some external pressure as a lichen larva. Further, as another example of the lichen larva, there is a lichen spore formed by sexual reproduction, in which spores of fungi are released and coexist with algae growing on the ground surface or the like. The powder buds are known to be in the form of powder or granules. A powder bud mass (solaria) is a mass-like individual in which powder buds are gathered. Ruptures (Ishidia) are microprojections formed in the cortical layer of the lichen body. Foam buds (pastures) are hollow protrusions formed on the skin layer of the lichen body.

As described above, the lichen juveniles are lichens in the early stage of development, and the present inventors have confirmed that they grow relatively quickly as compared with mature lichens. Lichen larvae grow and expand (proliferate) in the form of plates (boards), nets or aggregate powders on the soil surface layer, and have the effect of preventing soil particles that make up the soil surface layer from peeling off, being transported and causing soil erosion. Has. Therefore, the lichen juvenile is desirable as the biological material 10 of the present invention. However, since the mature lichen body has the same soil erosion prevention effect as the lichen juvenile, it can be used as the biological material 10.
Since lichens are pioneer plants that grow together with algae and / or moss on the surface of soil that has become bare due to landslides, etc., the biological material 10 is a combination of lichens and algae and / or moss. It is also preferable to configure.

Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of fungi and algae (including cyanobacteria), and can be taxonomically classified from symbiotic fungi. That is, in the present invention, the identification of lichens is carried out with the classification of fungi (lichens) constituting the lichens. That is, when the respective lichens constituting the two lichens are identified as the same genus, the above two lichens are judged to be the same type of lichen, and the lichens are identified as different genera. It is determined that the above two lichens are different types of lichens. Here, the following are examples of lichens constituting lichens, but it is expected that more lichens will be clarified with the development of research on lichens. The present invention includes lichens composed of any algae.
For example, examples of the above fungi include ascomycetes, Bacidiomycetes, Bacidiolichenes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Lichenes Imperfecti.

Ascomycetes, which are symbiotes with Ascomycetes, include Lecanorales, Sphaeriales, Caliciales, Hysteriales, and Pleosporales. ), Myriangiales, etc.
The order Lecanorales includes, for example, the genus Caloplaca, the genus Anaptychia, the genus Physcia, the genus Ramalina, the genus Beard lichens (Usnea), and the like.
The order Sphaeriales includes, for example, the genus Dermatocarpon, the genus Pyrenula, the genus Anthracothecium, and the like.
The order Calicium includes, for example, the genus Calicium (Sphaerophorus), the genus Calicium (Calicium), the genus Calicium (Coniocybe), and the like.
Hysteriums include, for example, the genus Lecanactis, the genus Chiodecton, the genus Mazosia, and the like.
The order Pleosporales includes, for example, the genus Acrocordia (Arthopyrenia), the genus Acrocordia (Trypethelium), the genus Pseudopyrenula, and the like.
The order Myriangiales includes, for example, the genus Arthonia, the genus Arthothelium, and the like.

Examples of basidiolichens (Bacidiolichenes) that are symbiont with basidiomycetes include Gilled mushrooms (Aphyllophorales) and Matsutake mushrooms (Agaricales).
The order Aphyllophorales includes, for example, the genus Dictyonema, the genus Multiclavula, and the like.
The order Agaricales includes, for example, the genus Omphalina.

The soil spraying material 100 may contain any one of the above-mentioned algae, moss, ferns and lichens, or may contain two or more of them.
Examples of the soil spraying material 100 containing two or more types of algae, moss, ferns or lichens include an embodiment in which the biological material 10 contains at least one combination of (A) to (E) below. it can.
(A) A combination of two or more selected from algae, moss, ferns, or lichens.
(B) A combination of two or more algae that are classified into different genera in terms of biological classification.
(C) A combination of two or more mosses that are classified into different genera in terms of biological classification.
(D) A combination of two or more ferns that are taxonomically classified into different genera.
(E) A combination of two or more lichens in which the fungi constituting the lichen are classified into different genera in terms of classification of organisms.

By adopting any one combination of (A) to (E) above, the advantages of the plurality of biological materials 10 contained in the soil spraying material 100 can be utilized, and a suitable soil erosion prevention effect can be exhibited. .. That is, by spraying the soil spraying material 100 containing two or more kinds of algae and the like in the combination described above, the soil spraying material 100 allows them to coexist in the soil and is excellent in soil erosion by taking advantage of the difference in the growth mode of each other. Demonstrates a preventive effect.
In addition, in this specification, "classified into different genera" means that they belong to a higher class than different genera in terms of classification of organisms. For example, in the present invention, algae classified into different genera are said to be classified into different genera, and it is convenient when they are different in higher classification beyond the genus such as algae and moss. It is said that they are classified into different genera.

An example of the difference in the growth mode of algae and the like is as follows.
Algae generally have better initial proliferative power after spraying than moss, and the time when overgrowth is visually confirmed is earlier. According to the research by the present inventors, the unicellular algae contained as the biological material 10 start growing earlier than the filamentous algae contained as the biological material 10 and have a vigorous proliferative power, so that soil erosion occurs earlier. It was confirmed that the effect of prevention is exhibited. On the other hand, the filamentous algae tend to have a slightly inferior initial proliferative capacity as compared with the unicellular algae, but when they proliferate sufficiently near the soil surface, the filamentous bodies bind the granular earth and sand to the unicellular algae. It was also confirmed in the research by the present inventors that it exerts an excellent soil erosion prevention effect that can exceed the above. Regarding the biological material in the present invention, "proliferation" broadly includes an increase in the number of organisms used as the biological material 10 due to growth. It includes the concept of "germination" when it propagates from cells formed by reproduction (fertilized eggs, zygotes, etc.) or asexual reproduction (zoospores, etc.).

Although mosses tend to be inferior to algae in their initial germination ability, they cover the ground surface with firm fibrous bodies (stems, fronds, false roots, atomic bodies (protonemas), etc.) as they grow. Therefore, the soil erosion prevention effect is very high, and for example, the soil erosion prevention effect is as high as that of grasses of the family Gramineae.

Pterophyta usually fertilize after spores germinate to form anterior lobes and grow into plants commonly referred to as pterophyta. In addition, some species grow by rooting from rhizomes, asexual buds, or parts of plants. Mosses are vascular plants and have tougher roots than the false roots of moss plants. Although the early breeding of ferns is slightly delayed compared to that of moss, the effect of preventing soil erosion of ferns is very high, and it has the same effect as the above-mentioned grasses of the Gramineae family.

Lichens are symbiotic organisms of fungi and algae, and hyphae are entangled with each other, and algae (usually unicellular algae, filamentous bodies in cyanobacteria) are present in the lichens. Lichens are roughly classified into leaf-like, fixed (crustose-like), dendritic-like, etc. according to their external morphology. The habitats are rock epiphytes (growing on the surface of rocks), epiphytes (growing on mosses), bark epiphytes (growing on trunks and branches), and ground epiphytes. (It grows on the surface of the soil). Most of the lichens in the early stage of growth (lichen juveniles) are powdery, granular, and small plate (leaf). These are mainly those released from the asexual reproduction organs of lichens such as powder buds, powder buds (solaria), fissures (Ishidia), foam buds (pasture), and lichens fragmented by some external pressure. It is considered to be a part. These lichen juveniles or mature lichens tend to adhere to the soil surface tough and reproduce. Like moss and ferns, it has a very high soil erosion prevention effect. In addition, since it is a symbiote, it has strong resistance to harsh natural environments such as dryness, and has a strong effect on preventing soil erosion in dry areas.
Specific examples of the combinations utilizing the above differences in growth mode are as follows.

Examples of the biological material 10 in the combination of the above (A) include a combination of algae and an organism other than algae. The soil spraying material 100 containing the biological material 10 made of such a combination exerts a soil prevention effect at an early stage (temporal effect) because the algae start to grow immediately after spraying, and mosses that start to grow later. , Pterophyta, or lichens can cover the ground surface firmly. Therefore, the amount of soil eroded can be sufficiently reduced (quantitative effect). That is, the soil spraying material 100 can satisfactorily exert both a temporal effect and a quantitative effect on the prevention of soil erosion.

Examples of the preferred combination of (B) above include a combination of one or more types of algae selected from unicellular algae and one or more types of algae selected from filamentous algae. Since it is possible to grow unicellular algae and filamentous algae predominantly depending on the nature of the soil and the type of fertilizer used arbitrarily, the growth start time is adjusted to adjust the growth start time of the biological material 10. It is possible to plan the growth start time and growth period. Of course, it may be a combination of two or more kinds contained in either unicellular algae or filamentous algae and classified as different genera. However, the combination of (B) above is not limited to this, and includes, for example, a combination of two or more algae of different genera classified into the same net, or a combination of two or more algae classified into different nets.

The combination of (C) above can provide a soil spraying material 100 suitable for spraying on soil in which the influence of environmental changes is particularly significant. Some moss grows in a humid environment and some grows in a dry environment. For example, by combining moss that can grow well even in a dry environment with moss that grows in a moist environment, it can withstand environmental changes such as weather and seasons and prevent soil erosion. Can be maintained for a long time. In this way, combining two or more types of moss having different characteristics (different growth environments) is also one of the preferred embodiments of the soil spraying material 100.

The combination of the above (D) can exemplify, for example, a combination of ferns that can grow well even in a dry environment and ferns that have the property of growing in a moist environment. By such a combination, the soil erosion prevention effect corresponding to the environmental change (microenvironment) of the soil can be maintained for a long period of time.

The combination of (E) above can be exemplified by, for example, a combination of a lichen that can grow well even in a dry environment and a lichen that grows in a moist environment. By such a combination, the soil erosion prevention effect corresponding to the environmental change (microenvironment) of the soil can be maintained for a long period of time.

(Granular carrier)
Next, the granular carrier 20 will be described.
The specific dimensions of the granular carrier 20 are not specified, and one (see FIG. 1 (c)) or a plurality (many) (see FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b)) of the granular carrier 20 is a biological material. It is a material that can support 10. The shape of the granular carrier 20 is not particularly limited and may be a fixed shape or an amorphous shape, but it is particularly preferable that the granular carrier 20 has an irregular shape as described above. Further, the granular carrier 20 may be unified or mixed in various arbitrary shapes such as particle-like, spiny-like, and spindle-like.
Here, the fact that the granular carrier 20 supports the biological material 10 means that at least a part of the biological material 10 is attached to the surface of the granular carrier 20, whereby the granular carrier 20 and the biological material 10 are mutually attached to each other. It binds to form one mass (that is, one grain of soil spray material 100). The soil spraying material 100 may appropriately contain a binder in order to bind the granular carrier 20 and the biological material 10 or the granular carrier 20 and the granular carrier 20 as appropriate.

For example, the granular carrier 20 contains at least one of soil constituent grain soil, solid biological remains, processed solids, and minerals.
Among them, the granular carrier 20 containing an inorganic material as a main component is hard to putrefy, and thus contributes to the long-term storage property of the soil spraying material 100. Here, the main component of the inorganic material means a case where the ratio of the organic substance is 20% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 5 when the whole of the granular carrier 20 is 100% by mass. It is less than or equal to mass%, particularly preferably substantially 0% by mass of organic matter.

The soil constituent grain soil includes any or a combination of clay, silt, sand, or gravel. Sediment collected from the soil is included in the above-mentioned soil constituent grain soil. As the soil spraying material 100 containing the soil-constituting granules as the granular support 20, it is possible to select the soil-constituting granules having properties suitable for the growth of the biological material 10, optimizing the storage state of the biological material 10 and making it into the soil. It is possible to optimize the environmental adaptability to the soil when sprayed.
The clay is a particle having a size of 0.002 mm or less.
The silt is a particle having a size of more than 0.002 mm and 0.02 mm or less. A mixture of silt and clay is sometimes referred to as mudstone.
The above sand can be roughly classified into fine sand and coarse sand. Fine sand is a particle having a size of more than 0.02 mm and 0.2 mm or less. Coarse sand is a particle having a size of more than 0.2 mm and 2 mm or less.
The gravel is a particle having a size exceeding 2 mm.
When the particle size of the soil constituent grain soil is 0.2 mm or more and 2 mm or less, a capillary phenomenon is likely to occur inside the soil spraying material 100, and moisture is absorbed from the surrounding soil to increase the water content of the soil spraying material 100. be able to. From the viewpoint of causing a capillary phenomenon, a granular support having a particle size of 0.2 mm or more and less than 2 mm with respect to the total granular support 20 (100% by mass) contained in the soil constituent grain soil composed of the soil spray material 100. It is preferable that the body 20 is contained in an amount of 50% by mass or more, preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 80% by mass or more. The preferable numerical range regarding the particle size of the soil constituent grain soil is the same for the solid organism remains, processed solids, and minerals described later.

The solid organism remains include any or a combination of particles such as carbides, diatomaceous earth, shells, coral shells, etc., which are appropriately pulverized or cut to an appropriate particle size.
The carbide is a product obtained by incomplete combustion of an organic substance containing carbon as a main component.
The diatomaceous earth is a sedimentary rock composed of fossil shells of diatom, which is a kind of algae, and contains silicon dioxide as a main component.
The above-mentioned shell is a shell of a shell that inhabits a seawater area or a freshwater area, and is a small piece of calcareous substance. The coral shell is a coral shell that inhabits the ocean or a fossil fragment of the coral shell.
Since the solid organism remains are mainly natural products, the soil spraying material 100 containing the solid organism remains as the granular carrier 20 does not have a risk of causing toxicity to the soil when sprayed on the soil, and is environmentally adaptable. It is good.

The processed solids include any or a combination of slag, fly ash, brick, roof tile powder, paper, or other recycled particles, appropriately ground or cut to a suitable particle size. Further, the processed solid may be processed from the biological remains or may be produced by mixing with the processed solid.
The processed solids have an economic advantage because they are artificially adjustable and can utilize waste materials that are harmless to the soil.
The slag is a member containing a mineral component that is melt-separated from the metal when the metal is smelted from the ore.
The fly ash is a particle containing ash generated when coal is burned.
The brick or roof tile is a member generally known as a building material.
The paper is a member composed mainly of cellulose (particularly, cellulose derived from wood).

The above-mentioned minerals are generally understood as minerals, and appropriately contain particles crushed to an appropriate particle size, for example, artificially synthesized zeolites, naturally-collected zeolites, pearlite, isolites, and the like. It can be mentioned, but it is not limited to this.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the plurality of granular carriers 20 contained in the soil spraying material 100, which is one particle, have two or more particles having an average major axis of 0.1 mm or more and 2 mm or less. .. More preferably, the plurality of granular carriers 20 have an average major axis of 0.1 mm or more and 2 mm or less, for example, 50 or more. As described above, when the soil spraying material 100 which is one particle contains two or more granular carriers 20 having a relatively large size, the soil spraying material 100 which is one particle has an appropriate weight. It is difficult to scatter or flow out due to rainfall. Further, according to such a configuration, a void 26 is likely to be formed inside the soil spraying material 100. The inclusion of the relatively large-sized granular carrier 20 described above means that an appropriate amount of water is added to the soil spraying material 100, which is one particle, to disintegrate the shape of the particles, and the plurality of granular carriers 20 are included. Can be confirmed by observing with a microscope in a dispersed state. From the viewpoint of data reliability, the above observation was performed for each of the soil spraying materials 100 which are a plurality of (for example, 10) particles, and the number of granular carriers 20 in the above numerical range included in each soil spraying material 100. May be averaged.

Further, the granular carrier 20 in the present invention may have two or more peaks in the particle size distribution based on the number. By embedding the relatively large-diameter granular carrier 20 with the relatively small-diameter granular carrier 20, a large number of fine uneven parts can be provided, and the carrying performance of the biological material 10 is improved.

The above two peaks based on the number of granular carriers 20 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is an example of a graph showing the particle size distribution based on the number of granular carriers 20 contained in the soil spray material 100 (number distribution). The graph shown in FIG. 4 is a curve showing the particle size distribution based on the number of large-diameter granular carriers 20 and small-diameter granular carriers 20 included in the soil spraying material 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The numerical values shown in FIG. 4 do not limit the present invention in any way.
As shown in FIG. 4, the soil spray material 100 includes both the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20). The peak top 24 of the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and the peak top 34 of the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20) are different by, for example, one order or more. In another embodiment (not shown), the peak top 24 and the peak top 34 may differ by two or more orders. When the major axis peaks of the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20) are significantly different, the carrying performance is particularly excellent, and the biological material 10 is the granular carrier after spraying. Good avoidance of separation from 20.

The large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20) can be selected from any of the granular carriers 20 described above, and are the same or different types of granular carriers 20. You can. The large-diameter granular carrier 22 and the small-diameter granular carrier 32 may each be composed of two or more types of granular carriers 20. For example, sand can be selected as the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20), clay can be selected as the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20), and these can be mixed to prepare the granular carrier 20. Further, by selecting montmorillonite or kaolinite, which tends to have a high viscosity in a hygroscopic state, as the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20), water is discharged after spraying, or the biological material 10 is made particularly strong by rainfall. It can be carried.

The granular carrier 20 including the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20) can be produced, for example, by the following method. That is, to the core large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20), one or a plurality of small-diameter granular carriers 32 (20) embedding the core large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and an appropriate amount of water are added and the stirring device is used. Stir and mix to obtain an intermediate. The intermediate is then dried at a temperature that does not affect the biological material 10 (eg, 100 ° C. or lower, preferably 50 ° C. or lower, more preferably 40 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C.), and then appropriately. The granular carrier 20 can be obtained by performing a pulverization treatment as necessary so as to have a sufficient size. At this time, the volume ratio of the granular carrier 20 is preferably in the range of large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20): small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20) = 90:10 to 70:30. However, the volume ratio is not limited to this range.

Although various aspects of the soil spraying material 100 of the present embodiment have been described above, the above description does not limit the soil spraying material 100 of the present embodiment at all. The soil spray material 100 may optionally be coated on the outer surface with a coating agent (gelatin, various polysaccharides) to ensure water permeability, breathability, or water retention. Further, it may be microencapsulated with the same material as the above coating agent. The coated or microencapsulated soil spraying material 100 has good adhesion to the soil after spraying. In addition, the soil spraying material 100 can appropriately contain any material that can serve as a nutrient for the biological material 10.

<Second embodiment>
Next, as a second embodiment of the present invention, one embodiment of the method for producing a soil spray material of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 as appropriate. FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of the culture apparatus 200 used in the second embodiment. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the process of the soil spray material manufacturing method according to the second embodiment. Specifically, in the soil spraying material manufacturing method, FIG. 3 (a) shows the early stage of the growing process, FIG. 3 (b) shows the latter stage of the growing process, and FIG. 3 (c) shows the harvesting process (scraping method). ), FIG. 3 (d) shows a mixing step, FIG. 3 (e) shows a granular material forming step, and FIG. 4 (f) shows a plurality of produced soil spraying materials. It should be noted that FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c) show a part including the surface of the soil-like medium 40 and the biological material 10, and the illustration of the culture apparatus is omitted.

The soil spraying material manufacturing method of the present embodiment is a method of manufacturing the soil spraying material 100 of the present invention, and has a growing step, a harvesting step, a mixing step, and a granular body forming step. The growth step is a step of growing the biological material 10 on the soil-like medium 40. The harvesting step is a step of harvesting the biological material 10 grown on the surface of the soil-like medium 40 and the soil-like medium 40. The mixing step is a step of mixing the biological material 10 obtained in the harvesting step and the soil-like medium 40 to prepare a mixture 50. The granular body forming step is a step of forming the soil spraying material 100 which is a granular material by drying and granulating the mixture 50.
The method for carrying out the harvesting step is not particularly limited, but for example, a scraping method for scraping the biological material 10 grown on the surface of the soil-like medium 40 and the surface layer of the soil-like medium 40, or the surface of the soil-like medium 40. Examples thereof include a collection method for collecting a part or all of the biological material 10 grown in the soil and the soil-like medium 40.

According to the method for producing a soil spray material of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to purify the biological material 10 after culturing it, and the soil spray material 100 can be produced by a simple process. The soil spray material 100 produced by the soil spray material production method is supported and granulated by the grown medium itself. Therefore, the environment of the biological material 10 at the time of storage is optimized, and when it is sprayed on the soil, the stress of the biological material 10 due to the change in the environment can be reduced and the growth can be started promptly. .. Here, the soil-like medium means a medium composed of the soil itself collected from the soil, a medium prepared by adding an arbitrary material to the soil, or an artificial medium prepared by imitating the main components of the soil. To do. The artificial medium means a medium containing 20% or more of the components contained in the model soil in the same composition.

The method for producing a soil spray material of the present embodiment can be carried out using, for example, the culture apparatus 200 shown in FIG. The culture device 200 includes a culture container 202, which has an open upper surface and can hold water 218. Inside the culture container 202, a culture chamber 206 partitioned by a wall 204 is provided, and as shown in FIG. 2, the culture chamber 206 is filled with the soil-like medium 40. An aqueous layer 208 is provided below the culture chamber 206, and the lower portion of the culture chamber 206 and the aqueous layer 208 are permeable to each other. In the present embodiment, the water permeable sheet 210 is laid in the water permeable sheet 208, the soil-like medium 40 is placed on the upper surface of the water permeable sheet 210, and the water in the water layer 208 permeates the soil-like medium 40 through the water permeable sheet 210. It is configured to do so. A water permeable plate 212 is provided below the water layer 208. The water layer 208 is continuous with the water storage tank 216 via the communication pipe 214, and is configured so that water flows from the water storage tank 216 as appropriate. At the time of culturing, the water tank 216 is filled with water 218. The culture device 200 has a water level adjusting device 222 including a float 220 that floats in the water storage tank 216 so that the water level of the water storage tank 216 becomes constant. When the water level drops below a predetermined height, the height position of the float 220 also drops downward, and the water level adjusting device 222 senses this, and water is supplied from the water supply pipe 224 so that the water level becomes a predetermined height. Here, the water level of the water tank 216 and the water level of the water layer 208 are linked, and are, for example, the same height. Therefore, when the amount of water in the water layer 208 decreases and the water level in the water layer 208 drops, the water level in the water 218 also drops in conjunction with this, so that water is supplied from the water supply pipe 224 so that both water levels reach a predetermined height. It has become. Therefore, the amount of water in the culture vessel 202 is always maintained at a constant level. Therefore, the culture apparatus 200 can always maintain the soil-like medium 40 in a water-immersed state.

Next, each step of the soil spray material manufacturing method of this embodiment will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 3A, the biological material 10 as a material is sown in the soil-like medium 40. The culture temperature of the biological material 10 which is a moss or algae is not particularly limited, and precise temperature control is not always required. For example, 10 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower is preferable, 20 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower is more preferable, and it is further preferable to carry out the growth step in a temperature environment in the range of 23 ° C. or higher and 25 ° C. or lower. The illuminance of the culture in the growth step is not particularly limited, but for example, in terms of a general brightness index, it is preferably in the range of 1000 Lux or more and 8000 Lux or less, more preferably 1500 Lux or more and 6000 Lux or less, and further preferably 2000 Lux or more and 3500 Lux or less. is there. The illuminance may be natural light, in which case the illuminance may be turned off at night or the artificial light may be irradiated only at night. However, considering the fluctuations between daytime and nighttime and seasonal fluctuations, stable cultivation can be performed throughout the day and year by using artificial lamps rather than natural light. In the present specification, the material means a material that is a source of the biological material 10 wrapped in the medium and that grows in the medium to form the biological material 10, and the biological material 10 itself and the spores of the biological material 10 , Lichen juveniles of biological material 10 which is lichen.

As shown in FIG. 3B, the growth step may be carried out until it is confirmed that the surface of the soil-like medium 40 is substantially covered with the biological material 10. The confirmation method is not particularly limited, and includes observation by visual inspection or image processing. Although it depends on the type of biological material 10 to be selected and the culture environment, the growth process is carried out by sowing the biological material 10 as a material in the soil-like medium 40 and continuing the process for a period of 1 week or more and 4 weeks or less. It is possible to realize a state of overgrowth. However, in the present invention, the end time of the growth process is arbitrary, and is not limited to the above period.

After the growth step is completed, the harvesting step shown in FIG. 3C is carried out. In this embodiment, a scraping method is illustrated as a harvesting process. The scraping method is carried out by scraping both the surface layer of the soil-like medium 40 and the biological material 10 using a tool or device suitable for scraping such as a spatula 60. The amount of scraping of the surface layer of the soil-like medium 40 is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the grown biological material 10 and the degree of overgrowth. In the scraping method, the soil-like medium 40 is scraped from the surface layer, for example, about 0.5 mm or more and 1 mm or less as a guide. The soil-like medium 42 in the portion scraped by the spatula 60 is more eroded than the non-scraped region. The biological material 10 scraped off by the spatula 60 and the soil-like medium 40 constitute the mixture precursor 52. By carrying out the scraping method, the work of purifying the grown biological material 10 can be omitted, and the soil-like medium 40 as the granular carrier 20 and the mixture precursor 52 containing the biological material 10 can be obtained.
By leaving the biological material 10 in another place in the soil-like medium 40 remaining in the culture vessel 202 (see FIG. 2) in the scraping method, the work of sowing the material in the growing process is omitted and the growing process is repeated. Can be carried out. In the second and subsequent cultures, since the biological material 10 already familiar with the environment of the soil-like medium 40 exists, the soil-like medium is sufficiently shorter than the first culture period (for example, about 5 days or more and 10 days or less). It is possible to grow the biological material 10 on 40. However, in the second and subsequent cultures, it is possible to add the biological material 10 as a material as appropriate.

After the harvesting step, the mixing step shown in FIG. 3D is carried out. The mixing step is carried out, for example, by accommodating the mixture precursor 52 in a container 62 having an upper opening and mixing the whole with a stirring tool 63, whereby the mixture 50 is formed. At the time of mixing, an appropriate amount of water or an aqueous solution is appropriately added to prepare the mixture 50 into a paste, which facilitates handleability in a subsequent step. The amount of water or aqueous solution added is not particularly limited, but the amount added may be adjusted so that the mixture 50 can be adjusted to a degree close to the liquid limit.
When the biological material 10 contains materials such as moss with remarkable development of fibrous bodies, the cutting step of the biological material 10 may be carried out before the mixing step or in parallel with the mixing step.

After the mixing step, a granular molding step is carried out. As one embodiment of the granular material forming step, as shown in FIG. 3E, a flat plate frame 64 having a large number of holes 66 penetrating in the thickness direction is prepared on a substrate (not shown), and the mixture 50 is made into holes. Rub into 66. Immediately after that, the frame body 64 is removed, and the wet granules are left on the substrate (not shown). Then, by drying the wet granules, the soil spraying material 100, which is the dried granules as shown in FIG. 3 (f), is obtained. The drying time and drying temperature are not particularly limited and may be appropriately determined depending on the dimensions and water content of the granules. However, in the case of producing granules having a major axis of about several mm, for example, 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C. It is advisable to blow dry air for several hours (for example, 2 to 3 hours).
For example, after rubbing the mixture 50 into the frame 64, the mixture 50 may be quickly removed leaving the granular mixture 50 on a substrate (not shown), and then the mixture 50 may be dried. In such a case, the preferable liquid limit of the paste-like mixture 50 is that the liquid property index of the mixture 50 measured according to the soil liquid limit / plastic limit test method specified in JIS A 1205 is 0. It is 5 or more, preferably 0.8 or more. The upper limit of the liquidity index of the mixture 50 is not particularly limited, but is 1.8 or less, preferably 1.5 or less. Further, in the mixture 50 at the liquid limit, the standard of the water content ratio (water content mass) to the mass of the solid matter of the mixture 50 is, for example, about 1: 1 to 1: 1.3, but is not limited thereto. .. However, this is an example of a granule molding step, and in the present embodiment, a granulation step of first drying the mixture 50 and then crushing or cutting the dried product to an appropriate size may be carried out. However, granulation and drying may be partially overlapped.

As a preferred embodiment of the method for producing a soil spray material in the present embodiment, an embodiment satisfying at least one of the following (I) or (II) can be mentioned.
(I) The soil-like medium 40 used in the growth step is a local soil constituent grain soil collected from a predetermined soil where the soil spraying material 100 is scheduled to be sprayed, or a local soil collected from a soil different from the predetermined soil. Foreign soil that is the same quality as the constituent soil. Contains the constituent soil.
(II) The biological material 10 grown in the growing process is a growing organism growing in a predetermined soil, or a cognate organism that is classified into the same genus as the above-mentioned growing organism in terms of classification of the organism.

According to the method for producing a soil spray material of the present embodiment that satisfies at least one of (I) or (II) above, consideration is given to maintaining the ecosystem in the soil to which the produced soil spray material is sprayed. it can.
More specifically, when the soil spraying material manufacturing method satisfies the above (I), soil spraying capable of maintaining the ecosystem in the soil without significantly changing the properties of the soil on which the soil spraying material is sprayed is possible. The material can be manufactured. More preferably, except for nutrients added optionally, the granular carrier 20 is substantially composed of a local soil constituent grain soil or a heterogeneous soil constituent grain soil of the same quality. In particular, by using the local soil constituent grain soil, it is possible to prevent the introduction of exotic non-seed plants contained in the soil into the local soil (predetermined soil).
Further, when the soil spraying material production method satisfies the above (II), it is possible to prevent the introduction of non-seed plants of exotic species into a predetermined soil.
From the viewpoint that spraying the soil spraying material does not disturb either the soil environment or the biological environment of the predetermined soil, the embodiment satisfying both (I) and (II) is particularly preferable.

Here, the homogeneity of the local soil constituent grain soil and the foreign soil constituent grain soil is classified into the same large group in the classification of the soil large group / soil group, or the same classification in the classification of the soil texture classification. Say something. The description in this paragraph regarding the definition of whether or not the local soil constituent granules and the foreign soil constituent granules are homogeneous is also referred to in other examples as appropriate.
In this specification, the soil group / soil group is disclosed in the Agricultural Environmental Technology Research Institute Report No. 29 "Comprehensive Soil Classification 1st Draft" published by the Agricultural Environmental Technology Research Institute in March 2011. Soil hordes / soil hordes (ie, created soil hordes, organic soil hordes, podsol hordes, black boku soil hordes, dark red soil hordes, lowland soil hordes, red-yellow soil hordes, stagnant aquatic soil hordes, brown forest soil hordes , Immature soil horde).
Further, in the present specification, the soil classification is a soil classification classified by the contents of clay, silt, and sand according to the size of soil particles according to the International Soil Society Law (that is, sand soil, loamy sand soil, sand loam soil). , Silt soil, silt soil, sandy clay, clay loam, silt clay, sandy clay, light clay, silt clay, heavy clay).

<Third Embodiment>
Next, as a third embodiment of the present invention, one embodiment of the soil spraying material manufacturing method of the present invention will be described.
The soil spraying material manufacturing method according to the third embodiment is a method for manufacturing the soil spraying material 100 of the present invention, and includes a sampling step, a mixing step, and a granular body forming step.
The collection step is a step of growing the biological material 10 and collecting the grown biological material 10.
The mixing step is a step of mixing the biological material 10 collected in the collecting step with a plurality of granular carriers 20 for supporting the biological material 10 to prepare a mixture 50.
The granular body forming step is a step of forming the soil spraying material 100 which is a granular material by drying and granulating the mixture 50.

The method for producing a soil spray material according to the present embodiment is a method for producing a soil spray material according to a second embodiment in that a biological material 10 and a granular carrier 20 are individually prepared and mixed to prepare a mixture 50. Is different.
The method for producing a soil spray material according to the present embodiment has a sampling step, so that the biological material 10 can be grown in a medium environment more suitable for the growth of the biological material 10.
For example, when a biological material 10 suitable for growing in a medium other than a soil-like medium is used, the method for producing a soil spray material in the present embodiment is suitable. Specifically, for example, there is a case where algae suitable for liquid culture is selected as the biological material 10.

For the liquid culture of algae, a known method can be appropriately adopted. For example, the algae material selected as the biological material 10 is added to a culture vessel (such as a tank or pool) filled with a suitable liquid medium. As the liquid medium, a medium suitable for the selected algae can be appropriately adopted. The culture may be agitated as necessary, and the pH, temperature, etc. may be measured over time to adjust to a desired range.
The algae (biological material 10) grown by liquid culture are selected by, for example, a sieve having a sieve size of 0.025 mm or more and 0.125 mm or less (USA standard 500 mesh or more and 120 mesh or less), or continuously centrifuged. It may be concentrated and purified by a machine. However, the above does not limit the sampling process in the present embodiment.

The granular carrier 20 is prepared in preparation for performing the mixing step. As the granular carrier 20, the same granular carrier 20 as described in the first embodiment can be used.

A mixing step of mixing the granular carrier 20 prepared as described above and the biological material 10 obtained by carrying out the sampling step is carried out.
The mixing means is not particularly limited, but for example, the biological material 10 and an appropriate amount of water are added to the granular carrier 20, and the mixture is stirred and mixed by a stirrer. As a result, an intermediate in which the biological material 10 is attached to the surface of the granular carrier 20 is obtained. The volume ratio is preferably adjusted in the range of biological material 10: granular carrier 20 = 10: 90 to 20:80, but is not limited thereto. The soil spray material 100 can be obtained by drying the above intermediate under mild drying conditions in the range of 40 ° C. or lower (for example, 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C.).

As a preferable example of the method for producing a soil spray material in the present embodiment, an embodiment satisfying at least one of the following (III) or (IV) can be mentioned.
(III) The biological material 10 that grows in the collection step is classified into the same genus as the above-mentioned growing organism in terms of taxonomy of the growing organism or the organism growing in the predetermined soil where the soil spraying material 100 is scheduled to be sprayed. It is a member of the same genus.
(IV) The granular carrier 20 used in the mixing step is a local soil constituent grain soil collected from a predetermined soil, or a foreign soil composition collected from a soil different from the predetermined soil and having the same quality as the local soil constituent grain soil. Contains grain soil.

According to the method for producing a soil spray material of the present embodiment that satisfies at least one of (III) or (IV) above, consideration is given to maintaining the ecosystem in the soil to which the produced soil spray material is sprayed. it can.
More specifically, when the method for producing a soil spray material satisfies the above (III), it is possible to prevent the introduction of non-seed plants of exotic species into a predetermined soil.
Further, by satisfying the above (IV) in the soil spraying material manufacturing method, it is possible to manufacture a soil spraying material capable of maintaining the ecosystem in the soil without significantly changing the properties of the soil on which the soil spraying material is sprayed. Is. More preferably, except for nutrients added optionally, the granular carrier 20 is substantially composed of a local soil constituent grain soil or a heterogeneous soil constituent grain soil of the same quality. In particular, by using the local soil constituent grain soil, it is possible to prevent the introduction of exotic non-seed plants contained in the soil other than the local soil into the local soil (predetermined soil).

In the third embodiment, the same quality of the local soil constituent granules and the foreign soil constituent granules is the same as that of the second embodiment described above, and thus the description thereof will be omitted here.

<Fourth Embodiment>
Next, as a fourth embodiment, one embodiment of the soil erosion prevention method of the present invention will be described. The soil erosion prevention method according to the present embodiment is a soil that prevents the outflow of soil from a predetermined soil by spraying a soil spray material having a biological material on a predetermined soil and proliferating the biological material on the surface layer of the predetermined soil. This is an erosion prevention method, and the soil spraying material of the present invention is used as the soil spraying material.

According to the soil erosion prevention method according to the present embodiment, after the soil spraying material is sprayed on the soil, the soil spraying material is unlikely to scatter or flow out even if it is affected by rainfall or the like. Therefore, biological materials can be satisfactorily grown on the soil, and the effect of preventing soil erosion is excellent.

Since the soil spraying material used in the soil erosion prevention method according to the present embodiment is the same as the soil spraying material 100 described in the first embodiment, detailed description of the soil spraying material will be omitted here.

In the soil erosion prevention method according to the present embodiment, the method of spraying the soil spraying material is not particularly limited, and for example, the method of spraying seeds or fertilizer can be appropriately followed. More specifically, a manual spraying machine, a pellet spraying machine or a seed spraying machine may be used depending on the environment of the spraying place or the shape of the land.
Further, two or more kinds of different types of soil spraying materials may be sprayed in consideration of the land shape of the spraying place or the nature of the soil at the spraying place. Here, the different types of soil spraying materials mean that at least the biological materials contained in one soil spraying material and the biological materials contained in the other soil spraying materials are different biological materials, or one. This includes the case where the granular carrier contained in the soil spray material and the granular carrier contained in the other soil spray material are different kinds of biological materials. Here, since the biological material and the granular carrier are the same as those described in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In the soil erosion prevention method according to the present embodiment, water may be discharged to the sprayed area before, at the same time as, or after the spraying of the soil spraying material to impart an appropriate humidity to the soil. As a result, the soil spray material can be adhered well to the soil, and the early start of growth of the biological material contained in the soil spray material can be promoted.

The soil erosion prevention method according to the present embodiment preferably satisfies at least one of the following (V) or (VI), for example.
(V) The biological material 10 contained in the soil spraying material is a growing organism growing in a predetermined soil, or a cognate organism that is classified into the same genus as the growing organism in terms of classification of the organism.
(VI) The granular carrier 20 contained in the soil spraying material 100 is a local soil constituent grain soil collected from a predetermined soil, or a foreign soil collected from a soil different from the predetermined soil and having the same quality as the local soil constituent grain soil. Soil composition Includes grain soil.

According to the soil erosion prevention method of the present embodiment that satisfies at least one of (V) and (VI) above, consideration can be given to maintaining the ecosystem in the soil at the spraying site.
More specifically, when the soil erosion prevention method satisfies the above (V), it is possible to prevent the introduction of non-seed plants of exotic species into a predetermined soil.
Further, when the soil erosion prevention method satisfies the above (VI), it is possible to maintain the ecosystem in the soil without significantly changing the properties of the soil to which the soil spray material is sprayed. More preferably, except for nutrients added optionally, the granular carrier 20 is substantially composed of a local soil constituent grain soil or a heterogeneous soil constituent grain soil of the same quality. In particular, by using the local soil constituent grain soil, it is possible to prevent the introduction of exotic non-seed plants contained in the soil into the local soil (predetermined soil).

In the fourth embodiment, the same quality of the local soil constituent granules and the foreign soil constituent granules is the same as that of the second embodiment described above, and thus the description thereof will be omitted here.

<Fifth Embodiment>
Next, as a fifth embodiment, one embodiment of the soil spray material container set of the present invention will be described.
The soil spray material container set according to the fifth embodiment is a set of containers in which the soil spray material of the present invention is housed. The soil spray material container set includes a first container in which the first soil spray material is contained in the first container and a second container in which the second soil spray material is contained in the second container. Has. The first granular carrier contained in the first soil spray material and the second granular carrier contained in the second soil spray material are different from each other.

The case where the first granular carrier and the second granular carrier are different is any of the following cases (a) to (c).
(A) When the first granular carrier and the second granular carrier are different from each other from soil constituent grain soil, solid organism remains, processed solids, and minerals.
(B) The first granular carrier and the second granular carrier are selected from each other by combining two or more kinds from soil constituent grain soil, solid organism remains, processed solids, and minerals. When at least one of two or more is different.
(C) The first granular carrier and the second granular carrier each have soil textures, and the soil textures of each other are classified into different large groups in the classification of soil textures and soil groups, or , Refers to those classified into different categories in the classification of soil texture. Since the classification of the soil large group / soil group and the soil texture classification are the same as those described in the second embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted here.

According to such a soil spray material container set, it is possible to select a soil spray material container containing a granular carrier 20 that is easily compatible with the soil to which the soil spray material is to be sprayed. The versatility of the soil erosion prevention method of the present invention can be improved by treating a plurality of soil sprayed inclusions having different granular supports 20 as a set.

The first container and the second container are containers capable of accommodating the soil spray material 100, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, individual bags or containers. Each of the soil spraying materials housed in the first container and the second container usually contains a large number of soil spraying materials 100 which are particulate matter.
For example, when the granular carrier contained in the first container is classified into a large group of red-yellow soil, the first container may be printed with "soil spraying material for red soil" or the like. Further, when the granular carrier contained in the second container is classified into the Andosols large group, the second container may be printed with "soil spraying material for black soil" or the like. As a result, the person who uses the soil spray material can select a more appropriate one in consideration of the soil to which the soil spray material is to be sprayed.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described above. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications, improvements, and the like as long as the object of the present invention is achieved. Further, as an example of the method for producing the soil spray material of the present invention, the method for producing the soil spray material of the present invention (second embodiment and third embodiment) has been described, but this limits the method for producing the soil spray material of the present invention. The present invention also includes soil spraying materials produced by other production methods.

The above embodiment includes the following technical ideas.
(1) It has a biological material which is a combination of one kind of non-seed plant or two or more kinds of non-seed plants, and a granular carrier which supports the above biological material.
A soil spraying material characterized by being molded into particles.
(2) The soil spraying material according to (1) above, wherein the non-seed plant is a non-vascular plant.
(3) The soil spraying material according to (2) above, wherein the non-vascular plant is one or more of algae, moss, and lichen that can grow on the soil surface layer.
(4) Having a plurality of the granular carriers that support the biological material,
The soil spraying material according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the plurality of the granular carriers are amorphous to each other.
(5) The soil spraying material according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the granular carrier contains at least one of soil constituent grain soil, solid organism remains, processed solids, and minerals. ..
(6) The soil spraying material according to any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein the plurality of granular carriers have two or more having an average major axis of 0.1 mm or more and 2 mm or less.
(7) The soil spraying material according to any one of (1) to (6) above, wherein the plurality of granular carriers have two or more peaks in the particle size distribution on a number basis.
(8) The soil spraying material according to any one of (1) to (7) above, wherein the biological material contains at least one combination of (A) to (E) below.
(A) Two or more combinations selected from algae, moss, ferns, or lichens,
(B) A combination of two or more algae that are classified into different genera in terms of biological classification,
(C) A combination of two or more mosses that are classified into different genera in terms of biological classification,
(D) A combination of two or more ferns that are taxonomically classified into different genera.
(E) A combination of two or more lichens in which the fungi constituting the lichen are classified into different genera in terms of classification of organisms.
(9) The soil spraying material according to any one of (1) to (8) above, wherein the average major axis is in the range of 1 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
(10) A soil spraying material manufacturing method for manufacturing the soil spraying material according to any one of (1) to (9) above.
A growth process for growing biological materials in a soil-like medium,
A harvesting step of harvesting the biological material grown on the surface of the soil-like medium and the soil-like medium.
A mixing step of mixing the biological material obtained by the harvesting step and the soil-like medium to prepare a mixture, and a mixing step.
A granular material molding step of forming a soil spray material which is a granular material by drying and granulating the mixture, and
A method for producing a soil spraying material, which comprises.
(11) The method for producing a soil spray material according to (10) above, which satisfies at least one of the following (I) or (II).
(I) The soil-like medium used in the growth step is collected from the local soil constituent grain soil collected from the predetermined soil where the soil spraying material is planned to be sprayed, or from a soil different from the predetermined soil. Including foreign soil constituent granules that are of the same quality as the local soil constituent granules,
(II) The biological material grown in the growing step is a growing organism growing in the predetermined soil, or a cognate organism that is classified into the same genus as the growing organism in terms of classification of the organism.
(12) A soil spraying material manufacturing method for manufacturing the soil spraying material according to any one of (1) to (9) above.
The collection process of growing the biological material and collecting the grown biological material,
A mixing step of mixing the biological material collected in the collection step with a plurality of granular carriers supporting the biological material to prepare a mixture.
A granular material molding step of forming a soil spray material which is a granular material by drying and granulating the mixture, and
A method for producing a soil spraying material, which comprises.
(13) The method for producing a soil spray material according to (12) above, which satisfies at least one of (III) or (IV) below.
(III) The biological material grown in the collection step is classified into a growing organism growing in a predetermined soil where the soil spraying material is scheduled to be sprayed, or the same genus as the growing organism in terms of taxonomy of the organism. Is a member of the same genus
(IV) The granular carrier used in the mixing step is the same as the local soil constituent grain soil collected from the predetermined soil or a soil different from the predetermined soil. Includes foreign soil constituent grain soil.
(14) A soil erosion prevention method for preventing the outflow of sediment from the predetermined soil by spraying the soil spraying material having the biological material on the predetermined soil and proliferating the biological material on the surface layer of the predetermined soil. hand,
A soil erosion prevention method, wherein the soil spraying material is described in any one of (1) to (9) above.
(15) The soil erosion prevention method according to (14) above, which satisfies at least one of the following (V) or (VI).
(V) The biological material contained in the soil spraying material is an organism growing in the predetermined soil, or an organism belonging to the same genus as the growing organism in terms of classification of the growing organism.
(VI) The granular carrier contained in the soil spraying material is collected from a local soil constituent grain soil collected from the predetermined soil or a soil different from the predetermined soil and has the same quality as the local soil constituent grain soil. Includes foreign soil constituent grain soil.
(16) A set of contents containing the soil spray material according to any one of (1) to (9) above, wherein the first container contains the first soil spray material. One containment and
The second container has a second container in which the second soil spraying material is housed, and has.
A soil spraying material container set, characterized in that the first granular carrier contained in the first soil spraying material and the second granular carrier contained in the second soil spraying material are different from each other.

10 ... Biological material 20 ... Granular carrier 22 ... Large diameter granular carrier 24, 34 ... Peak top 26 ... Void 32 ... Small diameter granular carrier 40, 42 ... Soil Like medium 50 ... Mixture 52 ... Mixture precursor 60 ... Spatula 62 ... Container 63 ... Stirring tool 64 ... Frame 66 ... Hole 100 ... Soil spray material 200 ...・ ・ Culture device 202 ・ ・ ・ Culture container 204 ・ ・ ・ Wall 206 ・ ・ ・ Culture room 208 ・ ・ ・ Water layer 210 ・ ・ ・ Water permeable sheet 212 ・ ・ ・ Water permeable plate 214 ・ ・ ・ Communication pipe 216 ・ ・ ・Water storage tank 218 ... Water 220 ... Float 222 ... Water level adjustment device 224 ... Water supply pipe

Claims (8)

Biological materials that are a combination of one type of non-seed plant or two or more types of non-seed plant,
It has a granular carrier that supports the biological material (excluding biodegradable highly water-absorbent resin) , and has
It is molded into particles and
A soil spraying material for preventing soil erosion, wherein the non-seed plant is at least one of algae and lichen that can grow on the surface layer of the soil. The soil spraying material for soil erosion prevention according to claim 1, wherein the algae is at least one selected from blue-green algae net, yellow-green algae net, and green algae net. Having a plurality of the granular carriers that support the biological material,
The soil spraying material for soil erosion prevention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of the granular carriers are amorphous to each other. The soil spraying material for soil erosion prevention according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the granular carrier contains at least one of soil constituent grain soil, solid organism remains, processed solids, and minerals. The soil spraying material for soil erosion prevention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plurality of the granular carriers have two or more having an average major axis of 0.1 mm or more and 2 mm or less. The soil spraying material for soil erosion prevention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of granular carriers have two or more peaks in the particle size distribution on a number basis. The soil spraying material for soil erosion prevention according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the average major axis is in the range of 1 mm or more and 20 mm or less. A set of containers containing the soil erosion-preventing soil spray material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first container contains the first soil erosion-preventing soil spray material. First containment and
The second container has a second container in which the second soil erosion prevention soil spraying material is housed, and has.
The feature is that the first granular carrier contained in the first soil erosion prevention soil spraying material and the second granular carrier contained in the second soil erosion prevention soil spraying material are different from each other. Soil erosion prevention soil spray material container set.

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