JP2018184833A - Soil spray material for soil erosion prevention and soil spray material content set for soil erosion prevention - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soil spray material for soil erosion prevention which hardly causes scattering or outflow by weather after sprayed to soil, and is excellent in long-term preservability, and to provide a soil spray material content set for soil erosion prevention.SOLUTION: A soil spray material 100 has a biological material 10 being a combination of one or more kinds selected from algae that can grow in a soil surface layer and a granular carrier 20 carrying the biological material 10, and is formed into a particle shape.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a soil spraying material for preventing soil erosion and a soil spraying material container set using non-seed plants including algae, mosses, ferns, and lichens.

  In soil exposed by construction or farming activities, when exposed to wind and rain, water flows on the surface of the soil, and softened soil particles containing water are separated and transported, causing soil erosion and causing river erosion. And spill into the sea.

  In order to solve such a problem of soil erosion, the applicant of the present invention is a soil erosion characterized by preventing soil erosion by spreading algae on the soil surface to propagate and covering the soil surface with algae. The prevention construction method is proposed (the following patent document 1). According to this soil erosion prevention method, soil erosion can be satisfactorily prevented by spraying algae on the soil and covering the soil surface with algae.

JP 2004-360206 A

As a result of intensive studies to further improve the technique related to the soil erosion prevention method, the present inventors have found that there is room for further improvement in the following points.
That is, when the algae to be sprayed is powdered and sprayed on the soil, if wind and rain soon occur after spraying, the powdered algae may scatter from the soil and flow out. In view of the problem of scattering or spilling, when the algae are kneaded with appropriate moisture to form a paste and sprayed on the soil, the above-described problems can be avoided.

  However, it has been found that algae in the form of paste is unsuitable for long-term storage due to its high water content, and may decay due to storage for several weeks to several months.

  Further, according to the examination by the present applicant, it has been found that the same problem can occur when a biological material other than algae is sprayed on soil (specifically, moss).

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems. That is, the present invention provides a soil erosion preventive soil scatterer and a soil erosion preventive container set for preventing soil erosion that are difficult to scatter or run out due to the influence of wind and rain after being applied to the soil, and that are excellent in long-term storage. provide.

  The soil spraying material for preventing soil erosion according to the present invention comprises a biological material that is one kind of non-seed plant or a combination of two or more kinds of non-seed plants, and a granular carrier that carries the biological material, and particles It is formed into a shape.

  The soil scatterer container set for preventing soil erosion according to the present invention is a set of containers in which the soil scatterer for preventing soil erosion according to the present invention is stored. A first container containing a soil spray material and a second container containing a second soil spray material for preventing soil erosion in a second container; The first granular carrier contained in the soil spreading material for use and the second granular carrier contained in the second soil spreading material for preventing soil erosion are different.

The soil spreading material for preventing soil erosion according to the present invention is less likely to scatter or flow out under the influence of wind and rain after being spread on the soil, and is excellent in long-term storage. The soil spray material of the present invention generally spreads the non-seed plant on the soil and proliferates by containing the non-seed plant, which is generally distinguished from the plant to be sown and germinated, in the particulate matter. Make it possible.
Moreover, the soil spraying material manufacturing method of this invention can manufacture the soil spraying material of this invention with a simple process.
In addition, the soil erosion prevention method of the present invention uses a soil spraying material that is difficult to scatter or flow out due to the influence of wind and rain after being spread on the soil, so that it is not affected by the weather after spraying and prevents soil erosion well. Erosion prevention effect can be exhibited.
In addition, the soil scatterer container set for preventing soil erosion according to the present invention is used by a person who uses the soil scatterer according to the present invention to the soil of the land where the soil erosion prevention is planned from among a plurality of kinds of soil spray material aggregates. Allows the selection of a suitable soil dispersal aggregate.

(A) is a perspective view of a pellet type soil spraying material which is an example of a soil spraying material according to the first embodiment, and a partially enlarged view of the soil spraying material, and (b) is a first embodiment. It is a perspective view of the irregular-shaped soil spray material which is an example of such a soil spray material, and a partially enlarged view of the soil spray material, (c) is an example of the soil spray material according to the first embodiment. It is the perspective view of the soil spreading material which consists of one grain carrier, and the enlarged view of the said soil spreading material. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the culture apparatus used for 2nd embodiment. It is explanatory drawing explaining the process of the soil spraying material manufacturing method concerning 2nd embodiment, (a) shows the initial stage of a growth process, (b) shows the latter stage of a growth process, (c), The scraping method which is an example of a harvesting process is shown, (d) shows a mixing process, (e) shows a granule shaping | molding process, (f) shows the several soil spraying material manufactured. Yes. It is an example of the graph which shows the particle diameter distribution in the number reference | standard of the granular support body contained in a soil spraying material.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. In all the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be appropriately omitted.
Each component in the embodiment of the present invention can be appropriately changed from the corresponding component in the other embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the following description, the soil spraying material for preventing soil erosion is simply referred to as “soil spraying material” as appropriate.

<First embodiment>
Hereinafter, as a first embodiment of the present invention, one embodiment of the soil spray material of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 as appropriate. FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a pellet-type soil spraying material 100 that is an example of the soil spraying material 100 according to the first embodiment, and a partially enlarged view of the soil spraying material 100. FIG.1 (b) is the perspective view of the irregular-shaped soil spraying material 100 which is an example of the soil spraying material 100 concerning 1st embodiment, and the elements on larger scale of the soil spraying material 100. FIG. FIG. 2C is a perspective view of the soil spraying material 100 composed of a single granular carrier 20 as an example of the soil spraying material 100 according to the first embodiment, and an enlarged view of the soil spraying material 100. In each of FIGS. 1A to 1C, a perspective view of the soil spray material 100 is shown on the left side of the page, and an enlarged view is shown on the right side of the page.

As shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, the soil spray material 100 is composed of a biological material 10 that is a combination of one type of non-seed plant or two or more types of non-seed plants, and a granular material that carries the biological material 10. And is formed into particles.
In the present invention, a non-seed plant refers to a plant excluding a seed plant among plants. Here, the seed plant means a plant that performs sexual reproduction and forms seeds. Examples of non-seed plants include algae, moss, ferns, or lichens. In addition, lichen is a complex formed by symbiosis of fungi and algae, and taxonomic handling has also changed due to the complexity of its composition. Lichens were once treated as an independent taxon or plant, but the current academic classification of organisms focuses on the fungi that make up the complex and is mainly classified as fungi. is there. However, in the present invention, lichens are treated as non-seed plants for convenience from the viewpoint that lichens are not organisms (complexes) that produce seeds and multiply.

Since the soil spraying material 100 includes the granular carrier 20, the soil spraying material 100 is heavier than conventional powdery algae, and after being sprayed on the soil, it is difficult to scatter or flow out under the influence of wind and rain.
Moreover, the soil spreading material 100 which is a granulated solid can be appropriately dried. The soil-spreading material 100 in a dry state is difficult to rot and has excellent long-term storage properties. The soil spraying material 100 using the non-seed plant as the biological material 10 can efficiently spread the non-seed plant that does not form seeds on the desired soil and propagate the non-seed plant in the soil.

  The soil spreading material 100 may have a plurality of granular carriers 20 as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), or substantially one as shown in FIG. 1 (c). A granular carrier 20 can also be used.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the soil spray material 100 has a plurality of granular carriers 20 that support the biological material 10. When the plurality of granular carriers 20 are included in the soil spreading material 100, the plurality of granular carriers 20 may be indefinite to each other.
When the biological material 10 and a plurality of granular carriers 20 that have a significant major axis and are indefinite to each other gather together to form the soil spray material 100, as shown in FIG. The gap 26 is easily formed inside the spray material 100. The soil spraying material 100 having the gap 26 exhibits high water retention because the gap 26 becomes a water-containing region when the sprayed area of the soil spraying material 100 is discharged after water spraying or when rain occurs. A favorable environment can be imparted to the growth of the material 10. The void 26 can also be a growth region of the biological material 10. That is, the growth direction of the biological material 10 contained in the soil spray material 100 is not limited to the outward direction of the soil spray material 100 in the early stage of growth, and can be propagated in the inward direction of the soil spray material 100. . Therefore, the soil spraying material 100 having the voids 26 can impart a good initial growth environment after spraying to the biological material 10.

Here, the plurality of granular carriers 20 being indefinite to each other means that the plurality of granular carriers 20 are not substantially identical to each other. Specifically, in the above irregular shape, when one granular carrier 20 has a spherical shape or a shape close thereto, and the other granular carrier 20 has a shape other than a spherical shape, the one granular carrier 20 and the other granular particles are used. The carrier 20 has a spherical shape or a shape close thereto, but includes cases where the diameters are different from each other.
However, the above description does not exclude an aspect in which the plurality of granular carriers 20 have substantially the same shape in the soil spreading material 100 of the present embodiment. Here, “substantially the same shape” means that the plurality of granular carriers 20 are artificially aligned in the shape of a particle in a microscopic observation at a magnification at which the entire shape of the plurality of granular carriers can be confirmed. Means a certain degree.

The size of the soil spraying material 100 formed into particles is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined within a range that can be sprayed on the soil and is unlikely to be scattered or prevented by wind and rain.
For example, as a preferable example, the soil spreading material 100 has an average major axis in the range of 1 mm to 20 mm, and more preferably in the range of 1 mm to 10 mm.

When the average major axis of the soil spray material 100 is 1 mm or more, scattering or outflow due to wind and rain can be favorably avoided. Moreover, when the average major axis of the soil spray material 100 is 20 mm or less, the spray efficiency is good and the handleability is good.
In addition, when the granular material which does not have the granular carrier 20 but substantially aggregates only the biological material 10 and has an appropriate major axis, the problem of scattering or outflow is improved as compared with the case of powder. Is done. However, since the granular material having no granular carrier 20 has a high density of the biological material 10 and is difficult to dry, mold tends to grow and there is a possibility that a problem in storage stability may occur.

  Here, the long diameter of the soil spray material 100 means the longest part of the soil spray material 100 observed visually or with a microscope. If the soil spreading material 100 is substantially spherical, the diameter is a major axis. If the soil spreader 100 is an ellipse, the major axis is the major axis. If the soil spreader 100 is indefinite, the longest part that can be measured in a straight line is the major axis. Moreover, when the soil spreading material 100 is a thin pellet shape, the diameter or major axis of the main surface of the pellet corresponds to the major axis. The average major axis is arbitrarily selected from a plurality (for example, 30) of a plurality of soil spray materials 100 observed visually or with a microscope, the major axis is measured, and the sum of the major axes is divided by the prescribed number. It is the value.

  Although the shape of the soil spreading material 100 is not specifically limited, For example, as shown to Fig.1 (a), the pellet shape of moderate thickness may be sufficient. Here, the pellet shape means a columnar shape having a certain thickness. In this specification, the columnar end face is referred to as a main face. Although the dimension of the soil spreading material 100 which is a pellet shape is not specifically limited, For example, thickness can be 0.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less, and the major axis of a main surface can be 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less. For example, the soil spreading material 100 in the form of pellets can have a thickness dimension ≦ the major axis of the main surface. By adopting the above numerical range, it is possible to provide the soil spray material 100 having good spraying efficiency and preventing scattering or outflow. The main surface of the pellet-shaped soil spray material 100 is, for example, a circle or a polygon, but is not limited thereto, and may be a predetermined arbitrary shape or an indefinite shape. FIG. 1A shows a pellet-shaped soil spray 100 having a major axis larger than the thickness and a circular main surface. The circular shape includes a perfect circle, an ellipse, and an ellipse. The soil spreading material 100 shown to Fig.1 (a) is granulated in the state with which the some granular support body 20 and the biological material 10 intermingled as shown in the elements on larger scale.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG.1 (b), the soil spreading material 100 may be an indefinite shape. The soil spreading material 100 shown in FIG.1 (b) has the large diameter granular support body 22 and the small diameter granular support body 32 as the granular support body 20, as shown in the elements on larger scale. The small-diameter granular carrier 32 is embedded around the large-diameter granular carrier 22, and the surface of the large-diameter granular carrier 22 embedded in the small-diameter granular carrier 32 or the adjacent large-diameter granular carrier 22 and The biological material 10 exists between the large-diameter granular carrier 22. Since the large-diameter granular carrier 22 is embedded in the small-diameter granular carrier 32 as described above, the adhesiveness of the biological material 10 to the granular carrier 20 is improved. Can be prevented from flowing out in a discrete manner.

  In addition, the soil spreading material 100 mentioned above using FIG. 1 shows an example, and does not limit this invention at all. For example, the soil spreading material 100 has a fixed shape such as a pellet shape as shown in FIG. 1 (a), and the granular carrier 20 has a large diameter as shown in the partially enlarged view of FIG. 1 (b). You may have both the granular support body 22 and the small diameter granular support body 32. FIG.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG.1 (c), the soil spreading material 100 may be the aspect formed by the biological material 10 adhering to one granular carrier 20 substantially.

  Although the weight of one grain of the soil spray material 100 is not particularly limited, for example, as an example of a preferred embodiment, the weight is in the range of 5 mg to 100 mg, and more preferably 10 mg to 30 mg. When the weight is 5 mg or more, the problem of scattering or spilling after spraying can be improved satisfactorily, and when the weight is 100 mg or less, the spraying efficiency is good and the handleability is good. In addition, when spraying the grains of the plurality of soil spreading materials 100, the weights of the grains of the plurality of soil spreading materials 100 may not be uniform. For example, in 100 randomly selected soil sprays 100, if the remaining 80 grains are included in the preferred weight range except for the top 10 grains with the largest weight and the bottom 10 grains with the small weight, the desired weight The problem can be solved sufficiently.

  The moisture content of the soil spray material 100 according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but in order to avoid spoilage and obtain good storage stability, the moisture content of the soil spray material 100 is preferably 20% or less, It is more preferably 10% or less, and particularly preferably 5% or less.

(Biological material)
The biological material 10 in the present invention is a non-seed plant. The biological material 10 includes one kind of non-seed plant or a combination of two or more kinds of non-seed plants. Thus, non-seed plants can be efficiently spread on the soil and propagated by including in the particulate soil spray material a plant that does not grow by seeds.

For example, in the present invention, the biological material 10 which is the non-seed plant can include a non-vascular plant.
In the present invention, a non-vascular plant means a plant having no vascular bundle. Here, a vascular bundle is one of the tissues of a plant, and is a tissue that extends in the longitudinal direction (extension direction of the stem) in the stem. Vascular bundles can extend from the stem to the inside of the leaves and roots. The vascular bundle has a role of transporting water, nutrients, and the like into the plant and mechanically supporting the plant. Therefore, vascular plants have a so-called so-called nature of growing by growing stems from the surface to the land. On the other hand, non-vascular plants that do not have a vascular bundle generally have the property of growing on the surface of the earth. Since the non-vascular plant grows so as to cover the ground surface as described above, the effect of preventing soil erosion is easily exhibited at an early stage.

  For example, as the biological material 10 which is a non-vascular plant, any one or more of algae, mosses, and lichens that can grow on the soil surface layer can be mentioned.

Next, details of the biological material 10 will be described. As typical examples of the biological material 10 of the present invention, algae, mosses, ferns, and lichens (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as algae) will be described. However, other non-seed plants can be appropriately used as the biological material 10 of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
In addition, it is judged as follows whether the algae etc. which are contained in the biological material 10 are the same kind. That is, when two plants included in the biological material 10 are classified as belonging to each other in the taxonomics of the organism, they are determined to be the same type, and the biological material 10 is determined to include one type of plant. To do. In addition, when two plants included in the biological material 10 belong to a higher class than the genus different from each other in the taxonomy of the organism, they are determined to be different types, and the biological material 10 includes two types of plants. Is included.

As long as the biological material 10 grows in the soil and prevents erosion of the soil, the growth height on the ground surface and the growth depth in the ground are not particularly limited. For example, when ferns are included as the biological material 10, the growth height on the ground surface is not particularly limited, but may be in the range of 10 cm to 100 cm, for example. Here, the growth height means the height from the ground surface to the highest level of plants on land. The growth depth means the depth from the ground surface to the deepest level of plants (including roots) in the soil.
The growth height and growth depth of algae, mosses, and lichens that are non-vascular plants are not particularly limited, but are generally about several centimeters. The soil surface layer on which algae, mosses, and lichens can grow is the vicinity of the soil surface including the ground surface and a range of heights of several centimeters from the ground surface and a depth range of several centimeters from the ground surface. The biological material 10 can grow at least on the soil surface layer. The biological material 10 grows in the soil surface layer or in a range exceeding the soil surface, thereby preventing soil particles constituting the soil surface from being separated and transported to cause soil erosion.

The algae in the present invention include unicellular algae, colony algae, filamentous or branched algae, or leafy algae. These four groups are known groups that are distinguished mainly from the morphological characteristics of the algae, not from the biological classification. In the present invention, for the sake of convenience, the above group is positioned as a higher class group beyond the genus, and when two plants belong to groups different from each other in the four groups described above, it is determined that they are of different types. .
Unicellular algae are a group of algae that are characterized by the formation of cell aggregates as they grow, although their morphology is single granular algae.
A colony algae (constant colony) is a group of algae in which a certain number of cells gather together with some correlation, and is a group that has the characteristic of gathering together to form an aggregate as it grows.
Filamentous or branched algae are a group of algae having the characteristic that, as they grow, filamentous or branched algal bodies are entangled with each other and develop into tufts, nets, and the like.
The foliate algae are a group having characteristics that spread like leaves like marine human rush as they grow.

  From the viewpoint of taxonomy of organisms, the algae in the present invention are cyanobacteria (Cyanophyceae), red algae (Red algae), dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellate), brown flagellates (Brown dinoflagellate), Diatoms (diatom net), yellow green algae (yellow green algae net), true eyed point algae (true eye point algae), Euglena algae (Euglena algae net), platino algae (Plasino algae), green algae (green algae net), etc. In addition, the algae can be appropriately selected from algae that can grow on the soil surface. In the present invention, cyanobacteria (eubacteria) are treated as algae (particularly cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria)) based on the conventional taxonomy (old classification system).

  For example, Cyanophyceae (Cyanobacteria) includes the genus Chroococcus, Gloeocapsa, Gloeothece, Aphanocapsa, Aphanocece, Aphanothece (Synechococcus), Chlorogloea, Arthrospira, Spirulina, Oscillatoria, Crinalium, Porphyrosiphon, Polychlamydium, Formidium Phormidium), Lyngbya, Schizothrix, Symplpca, Microcoleus, Hydrocoleum, Cylindrrospermum, Nostoc, Ana Anabaena, Plectonema, Scytonematopsis, Scytonema, Tolypothrix, Petalonema, Microchaete, Calothrix ), Dichothrix, Livularia, Nostochopsis, Mastigocladopsis, Mstigocladus, Hapalosiphon, Westella, Westella, Listed are the genera Westiellopsis, Camptylonema, Iyengariella, Fischella, Stigonema, Anacystis, and Tolypothrix. .

  Examples of the red alga (Rhodophyceae) include Porphyridium, Japanese Chroothece, Rhodospora, and Phragmonema.

  Examples of Dinophyceae include genus Phytodinium, Gloeodinium, and Rufusiella.

  The diatoms (Bcillariophyceae) include Cyclotella, Stephanodiscus, Melosira, Tabellaria, Diatoma, Meridion, Fradilia ( Fragilaria), Synedra, Eunotia, Cocconeis, Achnanthes, Navicula, Stauroneis, Frustula, Neidium , Diploneis, Cymbella, Amphora, Gomphonema, Loicosphenia, Caloneis, Pinnularia, Denticula ), Epithemia, Loparodia ( Examples include Rhopalodia, Hantzschia, Nitzschia, Surirella.

  As Xanthophycea, the genus Pleurochloris, Chloridella, Ellipsoidion, Monallantus, Nephrodiella, and Monodus , Chlorocloster, Pleurogaster, Diachros, Sklerochlamys, Arachnochloris, Goniochloris, Bumilleriopsis, Karashiriopsis Opharas (Characiopsis), Botrydiopsis, Botryochloris, Sphaerosorus, Chlorellidiopsis, Chlorellidium, Gloeobotry, Gloeobotry Gloeosphaeridium, Heterotrichella, Xanthonema, Bumilleria, Tribonema, Heterococcus, Capitulariella, Heterpedia , Aeronema, Botrydium, Asterosiphon, Vaucheria, Heterothrix, and the like.

  Further, examples of the true eye point algae (Eustigmatophyceae) include Eustigmatos, Vischeria, Pseudocharaciopsis, Chlorobotrys, and Monodopsis.

  Examples of Euglenophyceae include Euglena, Heteronema, Astasia, Petalomonas, Scytomonas, and the like.

  Examples of the Plasinophyceae include the genus Pedinomonas and the genus Prasinochloris.

  As Chlorophyceae, Chlamydomonas, Chloromonas, Carteria, Heterochlamydomonas, Lobomonas, Polytoma, Tusetia, and Tusetia ), Tetrablepharis, Gonium, Pandorina, Volvulina, Palmellopsis, Gloeococcus, Chlamydocapsa, Sphaele Sphaerellocystis, Cystomonas, Chlorococcum, Neospongiococcum, Radiosphaera, Apodochloris, Nautococcus, Nautococcus Dopranov Pseudoplanophila, Fasciculochloris, Heterotetracystis, Spongiococcum, Tetracystis, Borodinellopsis, Axilosphaera (Axilosphaera), Chalachiochloris, Chlamydopodium, Actinochloris, Macrochloris, Deasonia, Pseudodictyochloris, Hormotilopsis, Chloronomala, Characiosiphon, Myrmecia, Phaseolaria, Poloidion, Dictyochloropsis, Pseudo Pseudotrochiscia, Trochisciopsis, Ignatius, Ettlia, Lautosphaeria, Axilococcus, Hormotila, Golfuiana (Gyorffyana), Inoderma, Botryokoryne, Chlorochytrium, Fernandinella, Chloroplana, Coleochlamys, Caracium, Characium Ankyra, Saturnella, Chlorella, Muriella, Lobosphaera, Lobosphaeropsis, Planktosphaerella, Muriellopsis Muriellopsis) Pseudochlorella, Hemichloris, Pseudochlorococcum, Elliptochloris, Keriochlamys, Psedococcomyxa, Chlorolodraion, Chlorolodra ), Keratococcus, Closteriopsis, Monoraphidium, Choricystis, Ankistrodesmus, Thelesphaera, Scochelopsis Genus (Scotiellopsis), Scotiella, Coelastrella, Dictyosphaerium, Gloeocystis, Coccomyxa, Schizochlamydella, Schizochlamydella Coenochloris, Dactylothece, Palmodictyon, Trochiscia, Pilidiocystis, Oocystis, Chondrosphaera, Chondrosphaera Coelastrrum, Enallax, Scenedesmus, Bracteacoccus, Dictyococcus, Dictiochloris, Neochloris, Holicularia , Spongiochloris, Chlorotetraedron, Characiopodium, Pseudospongiococcum, Protosiphon, Chlorosarc ina), Friedomannia, Polysphaera, Planophila, Chlorosphaeropsis, Desmotetra, Chlorosarcinopsis, Pseudotetrakistis (Pseudotetracystis), Raphidonemopsis, Interfilum, Elakatothrix, Hottea, Geminella, Hormidiopsis, Hormidiopsis Hormidiospora, Gloeotila, Gloeotilopsis, Pseudoschizomeris, Nannochloris, Microspora, Prasinococcus, Prasiococcus Prasioropsis (Prasiolopsis), Prasiola, Iwanoffia, Protoderma, Apatococcus, Jaagiella, Cedercreutziella, Diaphragma, Diaphma Genus (Coccobotrys), Rhizothallus, Zoddaea, Leptosira, Diplosphaera, Desmococcus, Hazenia, Lexinema, Rhexinema Dilabifilum, Spongioplastidium, Pseudopleurococcus, Tumulofilum, Nayalia, Fritschiella, Oedcladium ( Oedocladium), Urosri Ulothrix, Uronema, Trichosarcina, Pseudendoclonium, Trebouxia, Pleurastrum, Microthamnion, Krebs Ormidium (Klebsormidium), Stichococcus, Raphidonema, Hormidiella, Mesotaenium, Roya, Spirotaenia, Kirindroxtis (Cylindrocystis), Netrium, Closterium, Penium, Actinotenium, Cosmarium, Euastrum, Staurastrum, Zignema Genus (Zygnema), Debarya (Debarya) , And the like Jigogoniumu genus (Zygogonium).

  Next, the moss in the present invention will be described. Moss grows by covering the soil surface, bedrock, artificial structures such as concrete, bark, and leaves. Even mosses that grow on surfaces other than the soil surface can be used as moss in the present invention. In addition, there is a type that grows hanging from a tree branch in a high humidity environment. In the soil surface layer (especially the ground surface), moss is a living organism that expands and grows flatly so as to cover the soil surface layer (especially the ground surface). Most mosses are gametophytes (n generations (gametophyte generations)), which are generally called moss plants. The moss plant forms include raw silk (protonema), foliage and foliate. In the breeding of moss, protozoa are formed from spore germination or fragments of moss plants. There is also a type in which asexual shoots having a growth ability are formed on moss plants. The 2n generation (spore generation) is only a spore sac and a spore pattern formed by fertilization on a moss plant. When moss is used as the biological material 10 of the soil spray material 100, they can be used as they are in a spore or asexual bud state. Moreover, in the state of a foliage, a frond body, or an original thread body (protonema) generally called moss, it can be cut into a desired size and used as the biological material 10 as necessary. Moss is easy to distinguish from other plant groups by visual inspection. Therefore, it is easy to selectively collect moss from a group of plants growing in the soil where the soil spray material 100 is scheduled to be sprayed. Therefore, moss is selectively collected from the land on which the soil spraying material 100 is to be sprayed, and grown as necessary to form the biological material 10, and the soil spraying material 100 using this is used as the land. By spraying on the soil, soil erosion can be prevented without destroying the natural environment (ecosystem).

Specific examples of the moss include those classified into Zenigo phytophyte, hornwort phytophyta, and moss phytophyte, but are not limited thereto.
Examples of the genus Archantiophyta (Marchantiophyta) may include Haplomitriopsida, Marchantiopsida, Jungermanniopsida, and the like.
Examples of the Haplomitriopsida include the genus Haplomitrium.
Examples of the genus Metantiopsida include the genus Blasia, the genus Marchantia, and the genus Conocephalum.
Examples of the scale net (Jungermanniopsida) include the genus Mylia, the genus Bazzania, the trichocolea, and the genus Ptilidium.

Examples of the hornwort plant gate (Anthocerotophyta) include hornwort net (Anthocerotopsida).
Examples of the hornwort net (Anthocerotopsida) include the genus Anthoceros, the genus Phaeoceros, the Notothylas, and the Megaceros.

Examples of Bryophyta include Nanjamon Jagoke net (Takakiopsida), Sphagnopsida, Black mosque net (Andreaeopsida), Black moss net (Andreaeobryopsida), Oedipodiopsida, Japanese cypress moss (Polyhopsida) (Tetraphidopsida), Magoke net (Bryopsida), etc. can be mentioned.
Examples of the nanjamon jay moss net (Takakiopsida) include the genus Takajaa.
Examples of Sphagnopsida include the genus Sphagnum.
An example of the black net (Andreaeopsida) is the genus Andreaa.
Examples of the Chromagome net (Andreaeobryopsida) include the genus Andreaeobryum.
Examples of Oedipodiopsida include the genus Oedipodium.
Examples of the cedar moss (Polytrichopsida) include the genus Atrichum, the genus Pogonatum, and the genus Polytrichum.
Examples of the Tetraphidopsida include the genus Tetraphis.
Examples of Bryopsida include Diphyscium, Racomitrium, Bartramia, Funaria, and Bryum.

Next, ferns used as the biological material 10 of the present invention will be described. It is known that ferns usually fertilize after spores germinate to form an anterior leaf body, and grow into a plant generally called ferns. Some species grow from roots, asexual shoots or parts of plants to plants. Ferns are vascular plants and are very effective in preventing soil erosion because they have a tough root system compared to the temporary roots of moss plants.
When used for the soil spraying material 100, spores, asexual shoots and rhizomes can be used alone. In addition, seedlings in which spores, asexual shoots, and root systems are grown can be used as the biological material 10. Ferns are easy to distinguish their grown plants from other plant groups. Therefore, ferns are selectively collected from the land on which the soil spraying material 100 is planned to be sprayed, and grown as necessary to form the biological material 10, and the soil spraying material 100 using this is applied to the land. By spraying on the soil, soil erosion can be prevented without destroying the natural environment (ecosystem).

  Examples of the ferns, that is, Pteridophyta include pine sects (Psilotopsida), lizards (Lycopsida), Equisetopsida, and Filicopsida.

Examples of the pine balun (Psilotopsida) include genus Psilotum and genus Botrychium.
Examples of the genus Lycopsida include the genus Lycopodium and the genus Selaginella.
Examples of Equisetopsida include Equisetum.
Examples of the fern class (Filicopsida) include, for example, the genus Osmunda, Hymenophyllum, Dicranopteris, Lygodium, Schizaea, Plagiogyria, and Cyathea. ), Sphenomeris, Acrostichum, Pteria, Asplenium, Blechnum, Woodwardia, Matteuccia, C. Examples include the genus Dryopteris, Colysis, Polypodium, Nephrolepsis, and Pyrrosia.

Next, the lichen will be described. In the present invention, lichen is an organism (symbiosis) in which the above-mentioned algae (including cyanobacteria and green algae) and fungi coexist. It is distributed according to the environment on the earth (from the polar region to the tropics), and the appearance is similar to moss, but the structure is completely different from moss. Most of the structure is composed of fungi (especially ascomycetes) and lives by photosynthesis of algae symbiotic in the structure. Lichens grow on the soil surface (especially the ground surface), rock surface, artificial structure surface, bark surface, and plant leaves. In many cases, the soil surface layer (especially the ground surface), bark surface, etc. grows in the form of leaves (plates). The lichens used in the present invention can be lichens that grow in regions other than the soil surface layer. In the present specification, a special form in which algae and fungi coexist may be referred to as lichen.
Lichens are known to perform sexual reproduction and to perform asexual reproduction, and any lichen can be used in the present invention. Lichens that perform sexual reproduction form a genital organ on the lichen body and form spores therein. After the spores are sprinkled and germinated, they will coexist with the same symbiotic algae as the parent to form a new lichen. A lichen performing asexual reproduction has an asexual reproductive organ formed on a lichen body and forms an individual in a state where lichens and algae coexist regardless of the growth stage.

The lichen is known to change its form from the early growth stage to the late growth stage. In this specification, a lichen body at an early stage of growth may be referred to as a lichen juvenile, and a lichen body at a later stage of growth may be referred to as a mature lichen body.
Many lichen juveniles are in the form of powder, granules, or platelets (leaves). Lichen juveniles have proliferated from asexual reproductive organs, and are mainly formed on or in mature lichens, buds, powder buds (solaria), sprouting (Ishidia), foam buds (fungi) And both algae, that is, symbiotic). As another example, a part of a mature lichen body fragmented by some external pressure can be handled as a lichen juvenile body. Other examples of lichen juveniles include those in which fungal spores contained in lichens formed by sexual reproduction are released and coexist with algae growing on the ground surface. In addition, powdered buds are known in the form of powder or granules. A powdered bud mass (solaria) is a massive individual in which powdered buds are collected. A fissure (Ishidia) is a microprojection formed in the skin layer part of a lichen body. Foam buds (pastures) are hollow projections formed in the skin layer portion of the lichen body and are hollow.

As described above, the lichen juvenile is a lichen in the early stage of development, and the present inventors have confirmed that the growth is relatively fast compared to the mature lichen. The lichen juvenile grows and expands (proliferates) in the form of plates (boards), nets, or aggregated powders on the surface of the soil, and prevents soil erosion from occurring due to the separation and transportation of the soil particles that make up the surface of the soil. Have Accordingly, lichen juveniles are desirable as the biological material 10 of the present invention. However, the mature lichen can also be used as the biological material 10 because it has the same effect of preventing soil erosion as the lichen juvenile.
Lichen is a pioneer plant that grows with algae and / or moss on the soil surface that has become bare ground due to the collapse of earth and sand, etc., so that the biological material 10 can be obtained by combining lichens with algae and / or moss. It is also preferable to constitute.

Lichen is a symbiotic organism composed of fungi and algae (including cyanobacteria), and can be classified from symbiotic fungi on taxonomics. That is, according to the present invention, lichens are identified by classification of fungi (lichens) constituting lichens. That is, when each lichen that constitutes two lichens is identified as the same genus, the above two lichens are determined to be the same type of lichen, and the lichens are identified as different genera The two lichens are determined to be different types of lichens. Here, as lichens constituting lichens, the following are exemplified, but with the development of lichen research, it is expected that more lichens will be clarified. The present invention includes lichens composed of arbitrary algae.
For example, examples of the fungi include Ascomycetes, Bacidiomycetes, Bacidiolichenes, Incomplete fungi, and Lichenes Imperfecti.

Ascolic lichens (Ascolichens), which are symbiotic with Ascomycetes, include Lecanorales, Sphaeriales, Pinciale, Hysteriales, Pleosporales ), Myriangiales, and the like.
The Lecanorales include, for example, the genus Caloplaca, the genus Anaptychia, the genus Physcia, the genus Ramalina, and the genus Usnea.
Sphaeriales include, for example, the genus Dermatocarpon, the genus Pyrenula, the genus Anthracothecium, and the like.
Examples of the order of the genus Caligoles include Sphaerophorus, Calicium, and Coniocybe.
Hysteriales include, for example, Lecanactis, Chiodecton, Mazosia and the like.
The Pleosporales includes, for example, Arthopyrenia, Trypethelium, Pseudopyrenula, and the like.
The order of Myriangiales includes, for example, the genus Arthonia, Arthothelium and the like.

Examples of the basidiomycetes that are symbiotic with Bacidiomycetes include Aphyllophorales and Agaricales.
The order of Aphyllophorales includes, for example, the genus Dictyonema, the genus Multiclavula and the like.
Agaricales include, for example, the genus Omphalina.

The soil spraying material 100 may include any one of the algae, moss, ferns, and lichens described above, and may include two or more types.
Examples of the soil spraying material 100 including two or more kinds of algae, mosses, ferns or lichens include a mode in which the biological material 10 includes at least one combination of (A) to (E) below. it can.
(A) A combination of two or more selected from algae, moss, ferns, or lichens.
(B) A combination of two or more algae that are algae and are classified into different genera in the taxonomics of organisms.
(C) A combination of two or more mosses that are classified into different genera in the taxonomics of organisms.
(D) A combination of two or more ferns that are classified into different genera in the taxonomics of organisms.
(E) A combination of two or more lichens that are lichens and whose fungi constituting the lichens are classified into different genera in the taxonomy of living organisms.

By adopting any one of the combinations (A) to (E) above, the advantages of the plurality of biological materials 10 included in the soil spray material 100 can be utilized to exert a suitable effect of preventing soil erosion. . That is, by spreading the soil spraying material 100 containing two or more kinds of algae or the like in the combination described above, the soil spraying material 100 allows them to coexist in the soil, and makes excellent use of the difference in the growth mode of each other. Demonstrate the prevention effect.
In the present specification, “classified into different genera” means belonging to a higher class than different genera in the classification of organisms. For example, in the present invention, algae that are classified into different genera are said to be classified into different genera, and it is convenient if they are different in higher classifications beyond the genus, such as algae and moss. Are classified into different genera.

An example of the difference in the growth mode of algae and the like is as follows.
Algae generally have a good initial growth potential after spraying compared to moss, and the time when overgrowth is confirmed visually is earlier. According to the studies by the present inventors, the unicellular algae contained as the biological material 10 has a faster growth start time and a higher growth potential than the filamentous algae contained as the biological material 10, and thus eroded the soil early. It was confirmed that the effect to prevent was exhibited. On the other hand, the filamentous algae tend to be slightly inferior in initial growth ability compared to the unicellular algae, but when they grow sufficiently near the soil surface, the granular soil is bound by the filaments, and the unicellular algae It has also been confirmed by the present inventors that it exhibits an excellent soil erosion prevention effect that can exceed the above. Incidentally, “reproduction” in relation to the biological material in the present invention broadly includes that the organism used as the biological material 10 increases due to growth. For example, “germination” of moss and fern in the early stage of growth and algae are sexual. It includes the concept of “germination” when it grows from cells formed by reproduction (fertilized eggs, zygotes, etc.) or asexual reproduction (eg, zoospores).

  Although moss tends to have an early germination ability that is inferior to that of algae, moss covers the ground surface with solid fibrous bodies (eg, foliage, fronds, temporary roots, atomic bodies (protonema), etc.). Therefore, the soil erosion preventing effect is very high, and the soil erosion preventing effect is so high that it is comparable to, for example, grasses.

  Ferns usually fertilize after spores germinate and form anterior lobe, and grow into plants generally referred to as ferns. Some species grow from rooting from rhizomes, asexual shoots or parts of plants. Ferns are vascular plants and have tough roots compared to the temporary roots of moss plants. Ferns are slightly delayed in their early breeding compared to moss, but ferns are very effective in preventing soil erosion and have the same effects as the above-mentioned grasses.

Lichen is a symbiosis of fungi and algae, and mycelia are intertwined, and algae (usually unicellular algae, filaments in cyanobacteria) are present. Lichens are roughly classified into leaf-like shapes, sticking shapes (crown-like shapes), dendritic shapes, and the like from the external form. In addition, the place of growth is Iwakami epiphyte (growing on the rock surface), cocoon epiphyte (growing on mosses), bark epiphysis (growing on trunks and branches), ground epiphysis (Established on the soil surface). Many lichens (lichen juveniles) at the initial growth stage are powdery, granular, and platelet (leaf) -like. These are mainly those of lichens that have been released from powdered buds, powdered buds (solaria), fissured buds (Isidia), foam buds (pastures) that are lichens of lichens or fragmented by some external pressure. Considered part. These lichen juvenile bodies or mature lichen bodies tend to adhere to the soil surface and propagate. Like mosses and ferns, the soil erosion prevention effect is very high. In addition, since it is a symbiotic organism, it is highly resistant to harsh natural environments such as drying, and has a strong effect on preventing soil erosion in dry land.
The combination using the difference in the growth mode as described above is specifically as follows, for example.

  Examples of the biological material 10 of the combination (A) include a combination of algae and organisms other than algae. The soil spraying material 100 including the biological material 10 made of such a combination exhibits an early soil prevention effect (temporal effect) since algae start growing immediately after spraying, and mosses that have started growing late. , Ferns, or lichens can firmly cover the ground surface. Therefore, the amount of soil eroded can be sufficiently reduced (quantitative effect). That is, the soil spray material 100 can exhibit both the temporal effect and the quantitative effect relating to the prevention of soil erosion satisfactorily.

  Examples of the preferred combination (B) include a combination of one or more algae selected from unicellular algae and one or more algae selected from filamentous algae. Single-cell algae and filamentous algae can be grown predominantly depending on the nature of the soil and the type of fertilizer that is optionally used. It is possible to plan the growth start time and growth period. Of course, it may be a combination of two or more that are included in either unicellular algae or filamentous algae and classified as different genera. However, the combination of (B) is not limited thereto, and includes, for example, a combination of two or more algae belonging to different genera classified into the same net, or a combination of two or more algae classified into different nets.

  The combination of the above (C) can provide the soil spray material 100 suitable for spraying on soil particularly affected by environmental changes. There are mosses that grow in a humid environment and those that grow in a dry environment. For example, combining moss that can grow well even in a dry environment with moss that grows in a wet environment can withstand environmental changes such as the weather and seasons and prevent soil erosion. Can be maintained for a long time. Thus, combining two or more kinds of moss having different characteristics (different growth environments) is also a preferable aspect of the soil spray material 100.

  Examples of the combination (D) include a combination of ferns that can grow well even in a dry environment and ferns that have a property of growing in a wet environment. By such a combination, the soil erosion preventing effect corresponding to the environmental change (microenvironment) of the soil can be maintained for a long time.

  The combination (E) can be exemplified by a combination of a lichen that can grow well even in a dry environment and a lichen that grows in a wet environment. By such a combination, the soil erosion preventing effect corresponding to the environmental change (microenvironment) of the soil can be maintained for a long time.

(Granular carrier)
Next, the granular carrier 20 will be described.
The granular carrier 20 is not particularly specified in strict dimensions, and one (see FIG. 1 (c)) or plural (multiple) (see FIGS. 1 (a) and (b)) biological material. 10 is a material that can carry 10. The shape of the granular carrier 20 is not particularly limited, and may be a regular shape or an irregular shape. However, as described above, an irregular shape is particularly preferable. Further, the granular carrier 20 may be a unified or mixed of various arbitrary shapes such as a particulate shape, a spine shape, and a spindle shape.
Here, the granular carrier 20 carrying the biological material 10 means that at least a part of the biological material 10 is attached to the surface of the granular carrier 20, whereby the granular carrier 20 and the biological material 10 are mutually attached. It binds to constitute one lump (that is, one grain of soil spray material 100). In order to bind the granular carrier 20 and the biological material 10, or the granular carrier 20 and the granular carrier 20, the soil spreading material 100 may appropriately include a binder.

For example, the granular carrier 20 includes at least one of a soil constituent granular soil, a solid biological remains, a processed solid, and a mineral.
Especially, since the granular support body 20 which has an inorganic material as a main component is hard to rot, it contributes to the long-term storage property of the soil spreading material 100. FIG. Here, the inorganic material as a main component means a case where the ratio of organic matter is 20% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% when the whole granular carrier 20 is 100% by mass. Less than mass%, particularly preferably substantially 0% by mass of organic matter.

The soil-constituting granular soil includes any or a combination of clay, silt, sand, or gravel. The earth and sand collected from the soil is included in the above-mentioned soil constituent grain soil. The soil spraying material 100 including the soil-constituting grain soil as the granular carrier 20 can select a soil-constituting grain soil having properties suitable for the growth of the biological material 10, and can optimize the storage state of the biological material 10 and the soil. It is possible to optimize the environmental adaptability to the soil when sprayed.
The clay is particles having a size of 0.002 mm or less.
The silt is a particle having a size exceeding 0.002 mm and not more than 0.02 mm. A mixture of silt and clay is sometimes called mudstone.
The sand can be roughly classified into fine sand and coarse sand. Fine sand is a particle having a size of more than 0.02 mm and not more than 0.2 mm. Coarse sand is a particle having a size of more than 0.2 mm and 2 mm or less.
The gravel is a particle having a size exceeding 2 mm.
When the particle diameter of the soil constituent grain soil is 0.2 mm or more and 2 mm or less, a capillary phenomenon is likely to occur inside the soil spray material 100, moisture is absorbed from the surrounding soil, and the moisture content of the soil spray material 100 is increased. be able to. From the viewpoint of causing a capillary phenomenon, the granular support having a particle diameter of 0.2 mm or more and less than 2 mm with respect to the total granular support 20 (100% by mass) contained in the soil constituting granular soil constituting the soil spray material 100. The body 20 is preferably contained in an amount of 50% by mass or more, preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 80% by mass or more. In addition, the preferable numerical range regarding the particle diameter of a soil constituent grain soil is the same also in the solid biological remains, processed solid, and mineral which are demonstrated later.

The solid biological remains include carbides, diatomaceous earth, shells, coral shells, or the like, and appropriately include any one or combination of particles pulverized or cut to an appropriate particle size.
The carbide is a product obtained by incompletely burning an organic substance mainly composed of carbon.
The diatomaceous earth is a sedimentary rock made of fossil diatom shell, which is a kind of algae, and contains silicon dioxide as a main component.
The shell is a shell of shellfish that inhabits seawater or freshwater, and is a small piece of calcareous material. The coral shell is a coral shell that inhabits the ocean, or a fossilized piece of coral shell.
Since the solid biological remains are mainly natural products, the soil spray material 100 including the solid biological remains as the granular carrier 20 has no risk of being toxic to the soil when sprayed on the soil, and has environmental adaptability. It is good.

The processed solids include slag, fly ash, bricks, tile powder, paper, or other recycled products, and appropriately include any one or combination of particles pulverized or cut to an appropriate particle size. Further, the processed solid material may be processed with the biological remains, or may be generated by mixing with the processed solid material.
Processed solids can be adjusted artificially and can utilize waste materials that are harmless to the soil and have economic advantages.
The slag is a member containing a mineral component that is melted and separated from the metal when the metal is smelted from the ore.
The fly ash is particles containing ash generated when coal is burned.
The brick or roof tile is a member generally known as a building material.
The paper is a member composed mainly of cellulose (particularly cellulose derived from wood).

  The above-mentioned minerals are generally understood as minerals, and include appropriately pulverized particles, for example, artificially synthesized zeolite, zeolite collected from nature, perlite, isolite, etc. Although it can mention, it is not limited to this.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and (b), the plurality of granular carriers 20 included in the soil spray material 100, which is a single particle, have two or more particles having an average major axis of 0.1 mm or more and 2 mm or less. . More preferably, the plurality of granular carriers 20 have a large number of those having an average major axis of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, for example, 50 or more. Thus, when two or more relatively large granular carriers 20 are included in the soil spray material 100 as one particle, the soil spray material 100 as one particle has an appropriate weight. Difficult to scatter or run out due to rainfall. Moreover, according to this structure, the space | gap 26 is easy to be formed in the inside of the soil spreading material 100. FIG. The inclusion of the above-described relatively large size granular carrier 20 adds a suitable amount of water to the soil spray material 100, which is a single particle, to collapse the shape of the particles, and the plurality of granular carriers 20 This can be confirmed by observing under a microscope in a dispersed state. From the viewpoint of data reliability, the above observation is performed for each of the plurality of (for example, 10) soil spreaders 100, and the number of granular carriers 20 in the above numerical range included in each soil spreader 100. May be averaged.

  The granular carrier 20 in the present invention may have two or more peaks in the particle size distribution on the basis of the number. By embedding the relatively large-diameter granular carrier 20 with the relatively small-diameter granular carrier 20, a large number of fine irregularities can be provided, and the carrying performance of the biological material 10 is improved.

The two peaks on the basis of the number of granular carriers 20 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is an example of a graph showing the particle size distribution on the basis of the number (number distribution) of the granular carriers 20 included in the soil spray material 100. The graph shown in FIG. 4 is a curve showing the particle size distribution on the basis of the number of the large-diameter granular carrier 20 and the small-diameter granular carrier 20 included in the soil spray material 100 in one embodiment of the present invention, The numerical values shown in FIG. 4 do not limit the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 4, the soil spray material 100 includes both a large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and a small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20). The peak top 24 of the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and the peak top 34 of the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20) are different by, for example, one order or more. In other embodiments not shown, the peak top 24 and the peak top 34 may differ by two orders or more. When the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20) have significantly different long diameter peaks, the above-mentioned carrying performance is particularly excellent, and the biological material 10 becomes a granular carrier after spraying. Good separation from 20 is avoided.

  The large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20) can be selected from any of the granular carriers 20 described above, and may be the same or different types of granular carriers 20. It's okay. Each of the large-diameter granular carrier 22 and the small-diameter granular carrier 32 may be composed of two or more types of granular carriers 20. For example, the granular carrier 20 can be prepared by selecting sand as the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20), selecting clay as the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20), and mixing them. In addition, by selecting montmorillonite or kaolinite, which has a tendency to increase viscosity in a moisture-absorbed state, as the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20), the biological material 10 is made particularly strong by receiving water discharge after spraying or by rainfall. It is possible to carry.

  The granular carrier 20 including the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and the small-diameter granular carrier 32 (20) can be produced, for example, by the following method. That is, with respect to the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) serving as a nucleus, one or a plurality of small-diameter granular carriers 32 (20) for embedding the large-diameter granular carrier 22 (20) and an appropriate amount of water are added and stirred. Stir and mix to obtain an intermediate. Next, the intermediate is dried at a temperature that does not affect the biological material 10 (for example, 100 ° C. or lower, preferably 50 ° C. or lower, more preferably 40 ° C. or lower, particularly preferably 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C.). The granular carrier 20 can be obtained by performing a pulverization treatment as necessary so as to obtain a proper size. At this time, the volume ratio in the granular carrier 20 is preferably in the range of the large diameter granular carrier 22 (20): small diameter granular carrier 32 (20) = 90: 10 to 70:30. However, the volume ratio is not limited to this range.

  Although various aspects were demonstrated about the soil spraying material 100 of this embodiment above, the above does not limit the soil spraying material 100 of this embodiment at all. The soil spreading material 100 may be optionally coated on the outer surface with a coating agent (gelatin, various polysaccharides) for ensuring water permeability, air permeability, or water retention, for example. Further, it may be microencapsulated with the same material as the coating agent. The coated or microencapsulated soil spray material 100 has good adhesion to the soil after spraying. Moreover, the soil spreading material 100 can also contain the arbitrary materials which can become a nutrient with respect to the biological material 10 suitably.

<Second embodiment>
Next, as a second embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the soil spray material manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the culture apparatus 200 used in the second embodiment. Drawing 3 is an explanatory view explaining the process of the soil spraying material manufacturing method concerning a second embodiment. Specifically, in the method for producing a soil spray material, FIG. 3A shows the initial stage of the growing process, FIG. 3B shows the latter stage of the growing process, and FIG. 3C shows the harvesting process (scraping method). 3 (d) shows a mixing step, FIG. 3 (e) shows a granule forming step, and FIG. 4 (f) shows a plurality of manufactured soil spray materials. 3A to 3C illustrate a part including the surface of the soil-like culture medium 40 and the biological material 10, and the culture apparatus is not shown.

The soil spray material manufacturing method of this embodiment is a method of manufacturing the soil spray material 100 of the present invention, and includes a growth process, a harvesting process, a mixing process, and a granule forming process. The growth process is a process of growing the biological material 10 on the soil-like medium 40. The harvesting process is a process of harvesting the biological material 10 grown on the surface of the soil-like medium 40 and the soil-like medium 40. The mixing step is a step of preparing the mixture 50 by mixing the biological material 10 and the soil-like medium 40 obtained by the harvesting step. The granule forming step is a step of forming the soil spray material 100 which is a granule by drying and granulating the mixture 50.
The method for carrying out the harvesting step is not particularly limited. For example, the scraping method for scraping off the biological material 10 grown on the surface of the soil-like medium 40 and the surface layer of the soil-like medium 40, or the surface of the soil-like medium 40 Examples include a collection method for collecting the biological material 10 grown on the soil and a part or all of the soil-like medium 40.

  According to the method for producing a soil spray material of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to purify the biological material 10 and then the soil dust material 100 can be produced by a simple process. The soil spray material 100 manufactured by the soil spray material manufacturing method is supported by the grown medium itself and granulated. Therefore, the environment of the biological material 10 at the time of storage is optimized, and when sprayed on the soil, it is possible to reduce the stress of the biological material 10 due to a change in the environment and to start growing quickly. . Here, the soil-like medium means a medium composed of the soil itself collected from the soil, a medium prepared by adding an arbitrary material to the soil, or an artificial medium prepared by imitating the main components of the soil. To do. The above-mentioned artificial medium means a medium containing 20% or more of components contained in a model soil.

  The soil spray material manufacturing method of this embodiment can be implemented, for example using the culture apparatus 200 shown in FIG. The culture apparatus 200 includes a culture vessel 202 that is an open top surface and can hold water 218. Inside the culture vessel 202, a culture chamber 206 partitioned by a wall 204 is provided, and the culture chamber 206 is filled with the soil-like medium 40 as shown in FIG. A water layer 208 is provided below the culture chamber 206, and the bottom of the culture chamber 206 and the water layer 208 communicate with each other so as to be permeable. In this embodiment, a water-permeable sheet 210 is laid in the water layer 208, and the soil-like medium 40 is placed on the top surface of the water-permeable sheet 210, and water in the water layer 208 permeates the soil-like medium 40 through the water-permeable sheet 210. It is configured to A water permeable plate 212 is provided below the water layer 208. The water layer 208 is continuous with the water storage tank 216 via the communication pipe 214, and is configured so that water flows from the water storage tank 216 as appropriate. At the time of culture, the water storage tank 216 is filled with water 218. The culture apparatus 200 includes a water level adjustment device 222 including a float 220 that floats in the water storage tank 216 so that the water level of the water storage tank 216 is constant. When the water level falls below a predetermined height, the height position of the float 220 is also lowered, and this is detected by the water level adjusting device 222, and water is supplied from the water supply pipe 224 so that the water level becomes a predetermined height. Here, the water level of the water storage tank 216 and the water level of the water layer 208 are linked to each other, and have the same height, for example. Therefore, when the amount of water in the water layer 208 is reduced and the water level of the water layer 208 is lowered, the water level of the water 218 is lowered in conjunction with this, so that water is supplied from the water supply pipe 224 so that both water levels become a predetermined height. It has become. Therefore, a constant amount of water in the culture vessel 202 is always maintained. Therefore, the culture apparatus 200 can always maintain the soil-like culture medium 40 in the water immersion state.

  Next, each step of the soil spray material manufacturing method of the present embodiment will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 3A, the biological material 10 as a material is spread on the soil-like medium 40. The culture temperature of the biological material 10 that is moss or algae is not particularly limited, and does not necessarily require precise temperature control. For example, the temperature is preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower, more preferably 20 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower, and still more preferably the growth step is performed in a temperature environment in the range of 23 ° C. or higher and 25 ° C. or lower. The illuminance of the culture in the growth process is not particularly limited, but for example, in terms of a general brightness index, it is preferably in the range of 1000 Lux to 8000 Lux, more preferably 1500 Lux to 6000 Lux, and still more preferably 2000 Lux to 3500 Lux. is there. The illuminance may be natural light. In this case, the illuminance may be turned off at night, or an artificial eyelid may be irradiated only at night. However, if daytime and nighttime fluctuations and seasonal fluctuations are taken into account, it is possible to culture stably throughout the day and year by using artificial cocoons from natural light. In addition, in this specification, a raw material is a raw material of the biological material 10 wound around the culture medium, and means a material that grows in the culture medium and forms the biological material 10. The biological material 10 itself, the spore of the biological material 10 , A lichen juvenile of the biological material 10 that is a lichen.

  As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the growing process may be performed until it is confirmed that the surface of the soil-like medium 40 is substantially covered with the biological material 10. The confirmation method is not particularly limited, and includes visual observation or observation by image processing. Depending on the type of biological material 10 to be selected and the culture environment, the growth process is continued for a period of 1 week or more and 4 weeks or less after the biological material 10 as a material is spread on the soil-like medium 40. It is possible to realize a state where has grown. However, in the present invention, the end time of the growth process is arbitrary, and is not limited to the above period.

After the growth process is completed, the harvesting process shown in FIG. In this embodiment, a scraping method is illustrated as a harvesting process. The scraping method is performed by scraping the surface layer of the soil-like medium 40 and the biological material 10 together using a tool or apparatus suitable for scraping such as the spatula 60. The amount of scraping of the surface layer of the soil-like medium 40 is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the grown biological material 10 and the degree of overgrowth. In the scraping method, the soil-like medium 40 is scraped off, for example, from about 0.5 mm to 1 mm from the surface layer. The portion of the soil-like medium 42 scraped by the spatula 60 is eroded more than the area that has not been scraped. The biological material 10 scraped by the spatula 60 and the soil-like medium 40 constitute a mixture precursor 52. By carrying out the scraping method, the work of refining the grown biological material 10 can be omitted, and the mixture precursor 52 containing the soil-like culture medium 40 and the biological material 10 as the granular carrier 20 can be obtained.
In the scraping method, by leaving the biological material 10 in the other place in the soil-like medium 40 remaining in the culture container 202 (see FIG. 2), the operation of sowing the material in the growing process is omitted, and the growing process is repeated. Can be implemented. In the second and subsequent cultures, since the biological material 10 that has already been adapted to the environment of the soil-like medium 40 exists, the soil-like medium can be sufficiently obtained in a period shorter than the first culture period (for example, about 5 days to 10 days). It is possible to grow the biological material 10 to 40. However, in the second and subsequent cultures, it is possible to add the biological material 10 as a material as appropriate.

After the harvesting process, the mixing process shown in FIG. The mixing step is performed, for example, by storing the mixture precursor 52 in a container 62 having an upper opening and mixing the whole with the stirring tool 63, whereby the mixture 50 is formed. When mixing, an appropriate amount of water or an aqueous solution is appropriately added to adjust the mixture 50 to a paste, thereby facilitating handling in the subsequent process. The amount of water or aqueous solution added is not particularly limited, but the amount added may be adjusted so that the mixture 50 can be adjusted close to the liquid limit.
In addition, when the thing with remarkable development of fiber bodies, such as moss, is contained in the biological material 10, you may implement the cutting process of the biological material 10 before a mixing process or in parallel with a mixing process.

After the mixing step, a granule forming step is performed. As one embodiment of the granule forming step, as shown in FIG. 3 (e), a flat frame 64 having a large number of holes 66 penetrating in the thickness direction is prepared on a substrate (not shown), and the mixture 50 is perforated. 66. Thereafter, the frame body 64 is immediately removed, and the wet granular material is left on the substrate (not shown). And the soil dispersion material 100 which is a dry granule is obtained as shown in FIG.3 (f) by drying the granule in a wet state. The drying time and drying temperature are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined depending on the size and moisture content of the granular material. However, when producing a granular material having a major axis of several millimeters, for example, 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C. It is preferable to blow dry air for several hours (for example, 2 to 3 hours).
For example, after the mixture 50 is rubbed into the frame body 64, the mixture 50 may be quickly removed leaving the granulated mixture 50 on a substrate (not shown), and then the mixture 50 may be dried. In this case, the preferable liquid limit of the paste-like mixture 50 is such that the liquid index of the mixture 50 measured according to the soil liquid limit / plastic limit test method specified in JIS A 1205 is 0. 5 or more, preferably 0.8 or more. The upper limit of the liquidity index of the mixture 50 is not particularly limited, but is 1.8 or less, preferably 1.5 or less. Further, in the mixture 50 at the liquid limit, the standard of the water content ratio (the water mass contained in water) with respect to the solid mass of the mixture 50 is, for example, about 1: 1 to 1: 1.3, but is not limited thereto. . However, this is an example of the granule forming process, and in the present embodiment, the mixture 50 may be first dried, and then the granulated process may be performed such as crushing or cutting the dried product to an appropriate size. However, the granulation and drying may be partially overlapped.

As a preferable aspect of the method for producing a soil spray material in the present embodiment, an aspect satisfying at least one of the following (I) and (II) can be exemplified.
(I) The soil-like culture medium 40 used in the growing process is collected from a local soil constituting granular soil collected from the predetermined soil to be sprayed with the soil spraying material 100, or is collected from a soil different from the predetermined soil. It includes a heterogeneous soil that has the same quality as the constituent soil.
(II) The biological material 10 grown in the growth process is a growing organism growing in a predetermined soil, or a genus organism classified as the same genus as the growing organism in the taxonomy of the organism.

According to the soil spray material manufacturing method of the present embodiment that satisfies at least one of (I) and (II) above, consideration can be given to maintaining the ecosystem in the soil to which the manufactured soil spray material is sprayed. it can.
More specifically, the soil spraying method that can maintain the ecosystem in the soil without greatly changing the properties of the soil sprayed with the soil spraying material when the soil spraying material manufacturing method satisfies the above (I). The material can be manufactured. More preferably, except for nutrients added arbitrarily, the granular carrier 20 is substantially composed of a local soil-constituting grain soil or a heterogeneous soil-constituting grain soil of the same quality. In particular, by using the local soil-constituting granular soil, it is possible to prevent the introduction of foreign non-seed plants contained in the soil with respect to the local soil (predetermined soil).
Moreover, when the soil spraying material manufacturing method satisfies the above (II), it is possible to prevent the introduction of foreign non-seed plants into the predetermined soil.
From the standpoint that neither the soil environment nor the biological environment of the predetermined soil is disturbed even if the soil spray material is sprayed, an embodiment that satisfies both (I) and (II) is particularly preferable.

Here, the local soil constituent grain soil and the heterogeneous soil constituent grain soil are classified as the same large group in the soil large group / soil group classification, or classified in the same classification in the soil classification Say things. In addition, the description of this paragraph regarding the definition of whether local soil constituent grain soil and heterogeneous soil constituent grain soil are the same quality is also suitably referred to by other Examples.
In this specification, the large soil group and soil group are disclosed in Agricultural Environmental Technology Research Institute Report No. 29 “First Plan for Comprehensive Soil Classification” published by the National Institute for Agricultural Environmental Technology in March 2011. Soil large group / soil group (i.e., reclaimed soil large group, organic soil large group, podzol large group, black mysterious large group, dark red soil large group, lowland soil large group, red yellow soil large group, stagnant water soil large group, brown forest soil large group , Immature soil large group).
In this specification, the soil classification is a soil classification classified by the content of clay, silt and sand according to the size of soil particles according to the International Soil Society Law (ie, sand, loamy sand, sand loam). , Loam, silty loam, sandy loam soil, loam loam, silty loam soil, sandy lodge, light dredged soil, silty dredged soil, heavy dredged soil).

<Third embodiment>
Next, as a third embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the soil spray material manufacturing method of the present invention will be described.
The soil spray material manufacturing method according to the third embodiment is a method of manufacturing the soil spray material 100 of the present invention, and includes a sampling process, a mixing process, and a granule forming process.
The collecting step is a step of growing the biological material 10 and collecting the grown biological material 10.
The mixing step is a step of preparing the mixture 50 by mixing the biological material 10 collected in the collecting step and the plurality of granular carriers 20 that carry the biological material 10.
The granule forming step is a step of forming the soil spray material 100 which is a granule by drying and granulating the mixture 50.

The soil spray material manufacturing method according to the present embodiment is the method of manufacturing the soil spray material according to the second embodiment in that the biological material 10 and the granular carrier 20 are individually prepared and mixed to prepare the mixture 50. Is different.
The method for producing a soil spray material according to the present embodiment can grow the biological material 10 in a medium environment more suitable for the growth of the biological material 10 by having a sampling step.
For example, when the biological material 10 suitable for growing on a medium other than a soil-like medium is used, the method for producing a soil spray material in this embodiment is suitable. Specifically, for example, when algae suitable for liquid culture is selected as the biological material 10.

A well-known method can be suitably employ | adopted for the liquid culture of algae. For example, an algae material selected as the biological material 10 is added to a culture container (such as a tank or a pool) filled with a suitable liquid medium. As the liquid medium, a medium suitable for the selected algae can be appropriately adopted. The culture may be agitated as necessary, and the pH, temperature, etc. may be measured over time and adjusted to a desired range.
The algae (biological material 10) grown by liquid culture is selected, for example, with a sieve having a mesh size of 0.025 mm to 0.125 mm (USA standard 500 mesh to 120 mesh), or continuous centrifugation. It may be concentrated in a machine and purified. However, the above does not limit the sampling process in this embodiment at all.

  As a preparation for performing the mixing step, a granular carrier 20 is prepared. The granular carrier 20 can be the same as the granular carrier 20 described in the first embodiment.

A mixing step of mixing the granular carrier 20 prepared as described above and the biological material 10 obtained by performing the sampling step is performed.
The mixing means is not particularly limited. For example, the biological material 10 and an appropriate amount of water are added to the granular carrier 20, and the mixture is stirred and mixed by a stirring device. As a result, an intermediate body with the biological material 10 attached to the surface of the granular carrier 20 is obtained. The volume ratio is preferably adjusted in the range of biological material 10: granular carrier 20 = 10: 90 to 20:80, but is not limited thereto. The soil dispersion material 100 can be obtained by drying the intermediate under mild drying conditions in the range of 40 ° C. or lower (for example, 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C.).

As a preferable example of the method for producing a soil spray material in the present embodiment, an aspect satisfying at least one of the following (III) and (IV) can be exemplified.
(III) The biological material 10 that grows in the sampling process is classified as a living organism that grows in a predetermined soil where the spraying of the soil spray material 100 is planned, or the same genus as the growing organism in the taxonomy of the organism. It is a genus.
(IV) A different soil composition in which the granular carrier 20 used in the mixing step is collected from a local soil constituent granular soil collected from a predetermined soil or from a soil different from the predetermined soil and is homogeneous with the local soil constituent granular soil Including grain soil.

According to the soil spray material manufacturing method of this embodiment that satisfies at least one of the above (III) and (IV), consideration can be given to maintaining the ecosystem in the soil to which the manufactured soil spray material is sprayed. it can.
More specifically, when the soil spray material manufacturing method satisfies the above (III), it is possible to prevent the introduction of foreign non-seed plants into the predetermined soil.
In addition, when the soil spray material manufacturing method satisfies the above (IV), it is possible to manufacture a soil spray material that can maintain the ecosystem in the soil without greatly changing the properties of the soil to which the soil spray material is sprayed. It is. More preferably, except for nutrients added arbitrarily, the granular carrier 20 is substantially composed of a local soil-constituting grain soil or a heterogeneous soil-constituting grain soil of the same quality. In particular, by using the local soil-constituting granular soil, it is possible to prevent the introduction of foreign non-seed plants contained in the soil other than the local area with respect to the local soil (predetermined soil).

  In 3rd embodiment, since local soil constituent grain soil and foreign soil constituent grain soil are the same quality, since it is the same as that of 2nd embodiment mentioned above, description is abbreviate | omitted here.

<Fourth embodiment>
Next, an embodiment of the soil erosion prevention method according to the present invention will be described as a fourth embodiment. The soil erosion prevention construction method according to the present embodiment is a soil in which a soil spray material having a biological material is applied to a predetermined soil, and the biological material is allowed to overgrow on the surface layer of the predetermined soil, thereby preventing soil outflow of the predetermined soil. This is an erosion prevention method, and the soil spray material of the present invention is used as a soil spray material.

  According to the soil erosion prevention construction method according to the present embodiment, after the soil spray material is sprayed on the soil, the soil spray material is unlikely to scatter or flow out even under the influence of rainfall or the like. Therefore, the biological material can be well grown in the soil, and the soil erosion preventing effect is excellent.

  Since the soil spraying material used in the soil erosion prevention construction method according to this embodiment is the same as the soil spraying material 100 described in the first embodiment, a detailed description of the soil spraying material is omitted here.

In the soil erosion prevention method according to the present embodiment, the method of spraying the soil spray material is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be performed according to the spray method of seeds and fertilizer as appropriate. More specifically, according to the environment or land shape of a spraying place, you may use a manual spray, a pellet sprayer, or a seed sprayer.
Moreover, in consideration of the land shape of the spraying place or the nature of the soil at the spraying place, two or more kinds of soil spraying materials of different types may be sprayed. Here, the types of soil spraying material are different from each other when at least the biological material contained in one soil spraying material is different from the biological material contained in another soil spraying material, or This includes the case where the granular carrier contained in the soil spray material and the granular carrier contained in the other soil spray material are different biological materials. Here, since the biological material and the granular carrier are the same as those described in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The soil erosion prevention construction method according to the present embodiment may discharge water to the sprayed area to give an appropriate humidity to the soil before spraying the soil spraying material, simultaneously with spraying, or after spraying. As a result, the soil spray material can be satisfactorily adhered to the soil, and the early growth start of the biological material contained in the soil spray material can be promoted.

The soil erosion prevention method according to the present embodiment preferably satisfies at least one of the following (V) or (VI), for example.
(V) The biological material 10 included in the soil spray material is a growing organism growing in a predetermined soil, or a belonging organism classified as belonging to a growing organism in the taxonomy of the organism.
(VI) The foreign material in which the granular carrier 20 contained in the soil spraying material 100 is collected from a predetermined soil, or is collected from a soil different from the predetermined soil, and is of the same quality as the local soil constituent Including soil composing grain soil.

According to the soil erosion prevention construction method of the present embodiment that satisfies at least one of the above (V) and (VI), consideration can be given to maintaining the ecosystem in the soil at the application site.
More specifically, when the soil erosion prevention construction method satisfies the above (V), it is possible to prevent the introduction of non-seed plants of foreign species to the predetermined soil.
Moreover, when the soil erosion prevention construction method satisfies the above (VI), it is possible to maintain the ecosystem in the soil without greatly changing the properties of the soil sprayed with the soil spray material. More preferably, except for nutrients added arbitrarily, the granular carrier 20 is substantially composed of a local soil-constituting grain soil or a heterogeneous soil-constituting grain soil of the same quality. In particular, by using the local soil-constituting granular soil, it is possible to prevent the introduction of foreign non-seed plants contained in the soil with respect to the local soil (predetermined soil).

  In the fourth embodiment, the local soil constituent grain soil and the heterogeneous soil constituent grain soil are the same as those in the second embodiment described above, and thus the description thereof is omitted here.

<Fifth embodiment>
Next, an embodiment of the soil spray material container set of the present invention will be described as a fifth embodiment.
The soil spray material container set according to the fifth embodiment is a set of containers in which the soil spray material of the present invention is stored. The above-mentioned soil spray material container set includes a first container in which a first soil spray material is stored in a first container, and a second container in which a second soil spray material is stored in a second container. Have. The first granular carrier contained in the first soil spreader and the second granular carrier contained in the second soil spreader are different.

The case where the first granular carrier and the second granular carrier are heterogeneous is any of the following cases (a) to (c).
(A) A case where the first granular carrier and the second granular carrier are selected from different types of soil-constituting granular soil, solid biological remains, processed solids, and minerals.
(B) The first granular carrier and the second granular carrier are each a combination of two or more types of soil constituent granular soil, solid biological remains, processed solids, and minerals, and are selected from each other. When at least one of two or more is different.
(C) The first granular carrier and the second granular carrier each have a soil-constituting granule, and the soil-constituting granular soils are classified into different large groups in the classification of soil large groups and soil groups, or , Which is classified into different categories in the soil classification. The classification of the large soil group / soil group and the soil classification are the same as those described in the second embodiment, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.

  According to such a soil spray material container set, it is possible to select a soil spray material container that includes the granular carrier 20 that is easily adapted to the soil to be sprayed with the soil spray material. By handling a plurality of soil scattered matter contained in different granular carriers 20 as a set, the versatility of the soil erosion prevention method of the present invention can be improved.

The first container and the second container are containers that can store the soil spray material 100, and include, for example, individual bags or containers, but are not limited thereto. Each of the soil spray materials accommodated in the first container and the second container typically contains a large number of soil spray materials 100 that are particulates.
For example, when the granular carrier contained in the first container is classified into a large group of red and yellow soil, “red soil spread material” or the like may be printed on the first container. In addition, when the granular carrier included in the second container is classified into the large black soil group, “secondary soil spray material” or the like may be printed on the second container. Thereby, the person who uses a soil spraying material can select the more suitable one in consideration of the soil which is going to spray a soil spraying material.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described above. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications and improvements as long as the object of the present invention is achieved. Moreover, although the soil spray material manufacturing method (2nd embodiment and 3rd embodiment) of this invention was demonstrated as an example of the manufacturing method of the soil spray material of this invention, this limits the manufacturing method of the soil spray material of this invention. However, the present invention also includes a soil spray material produced by other production methods.

The above embodiment includes the following technical idea.
(1) a biological material that is a combination of one type of non-seed plant or two or more types of non-seed plants, and a granular carrier that supports the biological material,
A soil spraying material characterized by being formed into particles.
(2) The soil spraying material according to (1), wherein the non-seed plant is a non-vascular plant.
(3) The soil spraying material according to (2), wherein the non-vascular plant is any one or more of algae, mosses, and lichens that can grow on a soil surface layer.
(4) having a plurality of the granular carriers carrying the biological material,
The soil spraying material according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the plurality of granular carriers are indefinite to each other.
(5) The soil spreading material according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the granular carrier includes at least one of a soil-constituting granule, a solid biological remains, a processed solid, and a mineral. .
(6) The plurality of granular carriers are the soil spray materials according to any one of (1) to (5) above, in which the average major axis has two or more having an average major axis of 0.1 mm to 2 mm.
(7) The plurality of granular carriers are the soil spraying materials according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the particle size distribution on a number basis has two or more peaks.
(8) The soil spraying material according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the biological material includes at least one combination of (A) to (E) below:
(A) a combination of two or more selected from algae, moss, ferns, or lichens,
(B) a combination of two or more algae that are algae and are classified into different genera in the taxonomics of organisms;
(C) A combination of two or more mosses that are mosses and are classified into different genera in the taxonomics of organisms,
(D) a combination of two or more ferns that are ferns and are classified into different genera in the taxonomics of organisms;
(E) A combination of two or more lichens that are lichens and whose fungi constituting the lichens are classified into different genera in the taxonomy of living organisms.
(9) The soil spreading material according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the average major axis is in the range of 1 mm to 20 mm.
(10) A soil spray material manufacturing method for manufacturing the soil spray material according to any one of (1) to (9) above,
A growth process for growing biological material in a soil-like medium;
A harvesting step for harvesting the biological material grown on the surface of the soil-like medium and the soil-like medium;
A mixing step of mixing the biological material obtained by the harvesting step and the soil-like medium to produce a mixture;
A granule molding step of molding a soil spray material that is a granule by drying and granulating the mixture;
A method for producing a soil spray material, comprising:
(11) The method for producing a soil spray according to (10), which satisfies at least one of the following (I) and (II):
(I) The soil-like medium used in the growing step is collected from a local soil constituting granular soil collected from a predetermined soil scheduled to be sprayed with the soil spray material, or from a soil different from the predetermined soil. Including a heterogeneous soil constituent grain soil that is homogeneous with the local soil constituent grain soil,
(II) The biological material grown in the growing step is a growing organism growing on the predetermined soil, or a genus organism classified as the same genus as the growing organism in the taxonomy of the organism.
(12) A soil spray material manufacturing method for manufacturing the soil spray material according to any one of (1) to (9) above,
A collecting step of growing a biological material and collecting the grown biological material;
A mixing step of preparing a mixture by mixing the biological material collected in the collecting step and a plurality of granular carriers carrying the biological material;
Granule forming step of forming a soil dispersion material that is a granule by drying and granulating the mixture,
A method for producing a soil spray material, comprising:
(13) The method for producing a soil spray according to (12), which satisfies at least one of the following (III) and (IV):
(III) The biological material that grows in the sampling step is classified as a living organism that grows in a predetermined soil where the application of the soil spraying material is scheduled, or is classified as the same genus as the growing organism in the taxonomy of the organism. The same genus,
(IV) The granular carrier used in the mixing step is the same quality as the local soil constituent granular soil collected from the local soil constituent granular soil collected from the predetermined soil or from a soil different from the predetermined soil Including foreign soil.
(14) A soil erosion preventing construction method for preventing soil outflow of the predetermined soil by spraying a soil spraying material having biological material on predetermined soil and allowing the biological material to thrive on a surface layer of the predetermined soil. And
The soil erosion preventive construction method, wherein the soil spray material is described in any one of (1) to (9) above.
(15) The soil erosion prevention construction method according to (14), which satisfies at least one of the following (V) or (VI):
(V) The biological material contained in the soil spray material is an organism that grows in the predetermined soil, or a genus that is classified as the same genus as the growing organism in the taxonomy of the growing organism.
(VI) The granular carrier contained in the soil spray material is collected from the local soil constituent grain soil collected from the predetermined soil or the same quality as the local soil constituent granular soil collected from a soil different from the predetermined soil Including foreign soil composing grain soil.
(16) A set of storage items in which the soil spray material according to any one of (1) to (9) is stored, wherein the first soil spray material is stored in the first container. A containment,
A second container containing the second soil spray material in a second container,
A soil-dispersed material container set, wherein the first granular carrier contained in the first soil-dispersed material and the second granular carrier contained in the second soil-dispersed material are different.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Biological material 20 ... Granular carrier 22 ... Large diameter granular carrier 24, 34 ... Peak top 26 ... Cavity 32 ... Small diameter granular carrier 40, 42 ... Soil Like medium 50 ... Mixture 52 ... Mixture precursor 60 ... Spatula 62 ... Container 63 ... Stirring tool 64 ... Frame body 66 ... Hole 100 ... Soil dispersion material 200 ..Cultivation apparatus 202 ... Culture vessel 204 ... Wall 206 ... Culture chamber 208 ... Water layer 210 ... Water permeable sheet 212 ... Water permeable plate 214 ... Communication pipe 216 ... Water tank 218 ... Water 220 ... Float 222 ... Water level adjusting device 224 ... Water supply pipe

Claims (10)

A biological material that is a single non-seed plant or a combination of two or more non-seed plants;
A granular carrier carrying the biological material,
A soil spray material for preventing soil erosion characterized by being shaped into particles.   The soil spray for preventing soil erosion according to claim 1, wherein the non-seed plant is a non-vascular plant.   The soil spraying material for preventing soil erosion according to claim 2, wherein the non-vascular plant is any one or more of algae, mosses, and lichens that can grow on a soil surface layer.   The soil dispersal material for preventing soil erosion according to claim 3, wherein the algae is at least one selected from a cyanobacteria net, a yellow algae net, or a green algae net. It has a plurality of the granular carrier that carries the biological material,
The soil spraying material for preventing soil erosion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plurality of granular carriers are indefinite to each other.   The soil-spreading material for preventing soil erosion according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the granular carrier includes at least one of a soil-constituting granule, a solid biological remains, a processed solid, and a mineral.   The soil spraying material for preventing soil erosion according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plurality of granular carriers have two or more particles having an average major axis of 0.1 mm or more and 2 mm or less.   The soil dispersion material for preventing soil erosion according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plurality of granular carriers have two or more peaks in a particle size distribution on a number basis.   The soil spreading material for preventing soil erosion according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an average major axis is in a range of 1 mm or more and 20 mm or less. It is a set of the accommodated material in which the soil erosion prevention material for soil erosion prevention according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is accommodated, wherein the first soil erosion prevention material for soil erosion prevention is accommodated in the first container. First containment,
A second container in which the second soil dispersion material for preventing soil erosion is stored in a second container;
The first granular carrier contained in the first soil erosion preventing soil spray and the second granular carrier contained in the second soil erosion preventing soil spray are different. Soil spray material container set for preventing soil erosion.

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