JP6892054B2 - 光学デバイス - Google Patents
光学デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6892054B2 JP6892054B2 JP2019557852A JP2019557852A JP6892054B2 JP 6892054 B2 JP6892054 B2 JP 6892054B2 JP 2019557852 A JP2019557852 A JP 2019557852A JP 2019557852 A JP2019557852 A JP 2019557852A JP 6892054 B2 JP6892054 B2 JP 6892054B2
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
- G02B26/026—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light based on the rotation of particles under the influence of an external field, e.g. gyricons, twisting ball displays
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
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- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
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- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/0074—Production of other optical elements not provided for in B29D11/00009- B29D11/0073
- B29D11/00788—Producing optical films
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
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Description
異方性度R=[(E(p))−(E(s))]/[(E(p))+2*(E(s))]
正面位相差Rin=d×(nx−ny)
厚さ方向位相差Rth=d×(nz−ny)
基材フィルムの破断伸び率などの引張特性はASTM D882規格に沿って確認した。基材フィルムなどの測定対象を、幅が10mm、長さが30mmとなるように裁断した後、UTM(Universal Testing Machine)装備(Instron 3342)を利用して、常温(25℃)で10mm/minの引張速度で引張しながら各物性を評価した。
基材フィルムなどの熱膨張係数(CTE)はASTM D696規格に沿ってTMA(Thermomechanical Analysis)装備(SDTA840、Metteler toledo社)を利用して、40℃から80℃に温度を10℃/minの速度で増加させながら試片のサイズ変化を測定して数式(CTE=(dt/t)/dT、前記でtはサイズ、Tは温度)により前記区間での熱膨張係数を確認した。測定時の試片の基準長さは10mmとし、荷重は0.02Nに設定した。
摩擦係数は、Thwing Albert instrument companyのFP−2260装備を使って規格に沿って遂行した。具体的には、接着フィルムと能動液晶素子フィルムを重なるように位置させ、装備で引っ張りながら垂直抗力対比装備で測定された力の比率を通じて摩擦力を計算し、動摩擦係数を求めた。試片の大きさは、それぞれ長さが約4cm、幅が約2cmとなるようにした。
能動液晶素子フィルムとしてGH(Guest−Host)液晶素子フィルムを製作した。前記液晶素子フィルムの基材フィルムとしては、一面にITO(Indium Tin Oxide)電極層が形成された2枚のPC(polycarbonate)フィルム(熱膨張係数:80ppm/K、破断伸び率:約14.5%)を用いた。前記2枚のPCフィルムのうち一つのPCフィルムのITO電極層上にはLLC(Lyotropic liquid crystal)コーティング層と液晶配向膜を順次形成した。前記においてLLCコーティング層は公知のリオトロピック液晶化合物(MCC社、LB012)を使って形成した。前記リオトロピック液晶化合物をBarコーティング方式でITO電極層上にコーティングし、せん断力を加えて配向させてLLCコーティング層を形成した。前記形成されたLLCコーティング層上に公知の液晶配向膜を形成した。他のPCフィルムのITO電極層上にはLLCコーティング層を形成せずにすぐに液晶配向膜を形成した。前記2枚のPCフィルムを約12μm程度のセルギャップ (cell gap)が維持されるように対向配置した状態で、その間に液晶ホストと二色性染料ゲストの混合物(Merck社のMAT−16−1235)を注入し、シーラントで縁を封じて能動液晶素子フィルムを製作した。前記PCフィルムの対向配置は、互いに配向膜が形成された面が向かい合うようにした。前記能動液晶素子フィルムの液晶層は、電圧無印加時には水平配向状態であり、電圧印加によって垂直配向状態にスイッチングされるようにした。また、前記において能動液晶素子フィルムの液晶層が水平配向状態の時にその光軸と前記LLCコーティング層の配向軸が互いに垂直となるようにした。引き続き厚さが約3mm程度のガラス基板、接着フィルム、前記能動液晶素子フィルム、接着フィルムおよび厚さが、同様に約3mm程度のガラス基板を前記言及された順序で積層して積層体を製造し、約100℃の温度および2気圧程度の圧力でオートクレーブ工程を遂行し、前記能動液晶素子フィルムを外郭基板の間で接着フィルムでカプセル化して光学デバイスを製造した。前記において接着フィルムとしては、Covestro社のA4700製品名のTPU(thermoplastic polyurethane)接着フィルム(厚さ:約4mm)を用いた。また、前記能動液晶素子フィルムのPCフィルムの表面と前記TPU接着フィルム間の動摩擦係数増えた、約6.1程度であった。
PCフィルムのTPU接着フィルムと接触する面をサンドペーパーで研磨して前記PCフィルムの表面と前記TPU接着フィルム間の摩擦係数が約2.3程度となるように調整したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に光学デバイスを製造した。
前記製造された各光学デバイスを100℃で7日間維持した後、透過度特性を評価する方式で耐久性を評価した。前記耐久性評価結果、前記100℃で7日間維持の前後に下記の表1で記載する光学特性が維持されて優秀な耐久性を有することが確認された。また、下記の表1は、実施例1および2の光学デバイスの透過率およびヘイズ(基準波長:約550nm)を測定した結果である。前記透過率などは、NDH5000装備を使ってISO 13468方式で評価した。下記の表1から本出願の光学デバイスが適切な透過率可変特性を示すことを確認することができる。
101:第1ライン
102:第2ライン
A、AA:折り畳まれた領域
D:第1ラインの二等分点
T:第1ラインの二等分点の接線
P:第1ラインの二等分点の接線に対する法線
1022:第2ラインの角度を測定するための線
20:偏光子
201:偏光コーティング層
30:外郭基板
40:接着フィルム
50:バッファー層
110:基材フィルム
120:能動液晶層
Claims (12)
- 対向配置されている2枚の外郭基板;
前記2枚の外郭基板との間に存在する能動液晶素子フィルム;と
外郭基板と、前記能動液晶素子フィルムの間および前記能動液晶素子フィルムの側面に存在する接着フィルムを含み、
前記能動液晶素子フィルムは対向配置されている2枚の基材フィルム、前記対向配置される2枚の基材フィルムの間に存在する能動液晶層、及び前記基材フィルムと、前記能動液晶層との間に存在する偏光コーティング層を含み、前記能動液晶層は、液晶化合物を含んでおり、第1配向状態と第2配向状態の間をスイッチングすることができ、
前記能動液晶素子フィルムは折り畳まれたフィルムの形態であり、
前記能動液晶素子フィルムは、前記外郭基板と、前記能動液晶素子フィルムの間および前記能動液晶素子フィルムの側面に存在する接着フィルムで外郭基板の間でカプセル化されている光学デバイス。 - 基材フィルムと偏光コーティング層の間には導電層が形成されており、偏光コーティング層と能動液晶層の間には配向膜が形成されている、請求項1に記載の光学デバイス。
- 偏光コーティング層は、リオトロピック液晶を含む、請求項1または2に記載の光学デバイス。
- 偏光コーティング層は、反応性液晶と二色性色素を含む、請求項1または2に記載の光学デバイス。
- 能動液晶層の第1配向状態の平均光軸と偏光コーティング層の光吸収軸がなす角度が80度〜100度または35度〜55度の範囲内となるように前記偏光コーティング層が形成されている、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の光学デバイス。
- 基材フィルムは、熱膨張係数が100ppm/K以下である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の光学デバイス。
- それぞれの基材フィルム上には配向膜が形成されており、前記2枚の基材フィルムの配向膜の配向方向がなす角度は−10度〜10度の範囲内、80度〜100度の範囲内または160度〜200度の範囲内である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の光学デバイス。
- 2枚の基材フィルムのうち偏光コーティング層に近い基材フィルム上に形成された配向膜の配向方向と偏光コーティング層の光吸収軸がなす角度が80度〜100度の範囲内である、請求項7に記載の光学デバイス。
- 能動液晶素子フィルムの接着フィルムと接する面の前記接着フィルムに対する摩擦係数が5以下である、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の光学デバイス。
- 接着フィルムと能動液晶素子フィルムの間に存在し、ヤング率が1MPa以下であるバッファー層をさらに含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の光学デバイス。
- バッファー層はアクリレート系、ウレタン系、ラバー系またはシリコン系のオリゴマーまたは高分子材料を含む、請求項10に記載の光学デバイス。
- 一つ以上の開口部が形成されている車体;および前記開口部に装着された請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載された光学デバイスを含む、自動車。
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