JP6876082B2 - (4s,4as,5ar,12as)−4−ジメチルアミノ−3,10,12,12a−テトラヒドロキシ−7−[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)−メチル]−1,11−ジオキソ−1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a−オクタヒドロ−ナフタセン−2−カルボン酸アミドの結晶塩及びそれを使用する方法 - Google Patents
(4s,4as,5ar,12as)−4−ジメチルアミノ−3,10,12,12a−テトラヒドロキシ−7−[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)−メチル]−1,11−ジオキソ−1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a−オクタヒドロ−ナフタセン−2−カルボン酸アミドの結晶塩及びそれを使用する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6876082B2 JP6876082B2 JP2019043868A JP2019043868A JP6876082B2 JP 6876082 B2 JP6876082 B2 JP 6876082B2 JP 2019043868 A JP2019043868 A JP 2019043868A JP 2019043868 A JP2019043868 A JP 2019043868A JP 6876082 B2 JP6876082 B2 JP 6876082B2
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- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- crystalline
- dioxo
- dimethylamino
- methoxy
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- C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
- C07C237/24—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
- C07C237/26—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton of a ring being part of a condensed ring system formed by at least four rings, e.g. tetracycline
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Description
本出願は、2011年5月12日出願の米国仮出願第61/485,179号に基づく優先権の利益を請求する。この内容をその全体として参照により本明細書に組み込む。
(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミドの新規な結晶塩を本明細書で開示する。多くの実験と発見の後、本発明者らは、医薬組成物における薬剤活性のある成分として使用できる(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミドの安定で好ましい塩形態を決定した。本開示は、これらの新規な結晶塩の製造方法、並びに(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミドの遊離塩基及びこれまで公知のその無定形塩を凌駕する、それら結晶塩の優れた利点を教示する。
本発明の一つの実施形態は、モノ塩酸塩、モノメシル酸塩及びモノ硫酸塩からなる群から選択される(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミドの結晶塩、並びに薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含む医薬組成物を対象とする。
本発明の一つの実施形態は、治療有効量の(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミドの結晶塩であって、モノ塩酸塩、モノメシル酸塩及びモノ硫酸塩からなる群から選択される結晶塩を対象に投与することを含む座瘡及び/又は酒さを治療する方法を対象とする。一実施形態では、本発明は、座瘡を治療する方法を対象とする。別の実施形態では、本発明は、酒さを治療する方法を対象とする。
以下の実施例は、本明細書で説明する化合物の合成を例示する。
(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミド遊離塩基(74mg)をエタノール(740μl)に懸濁させ、撹拌しながら60℃(浴温)に加熱した。メタンスルホン酸(1.1eq、167μl、THF中に1M溶液として)を加え、固体の大部分を溶解させた。5分後、懸濁液を約1.75時間かけて周囲温度に冷却した(油浴中で制御なしで)。53℃で固体が沈澱した。これを減圧下、周囲温度でろ過した。懸濁液が粘性であったため、追加分量のエタノール(200μl)を加えてろ過を助けた。ケーキをn-ヘキサン(400μl)で洗浄し、フィルター上で約30分間空気乾燥して59mg(67%収率)の黄色固体を得た。
(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミド遊離塩基(86mg)をエタノール(500μl)に懸濁させ、撹拌しながら63℃(浴温)に加熱した。その温度で遊離塩基の大部分は溶解した。硫酸(1.1eq、194μl、1M水溶液として)を加え、固体のすべてを溶解させた。溶液を約1.75時間かけて周囲温度に冷却した(油浴中で制御なしで)。この温度で固体は沈澱しなかった。メチルt-ブチルエーテル(MtBE)をアンチソルベント(4×50μl)として加えた。各添加は雲り点をもたらしたが、撹拌すると固体は再溶解した。溶液をストッパーで約3時間撹拌し、その後、固体は沈澱した。固体を減圧下でろ過し、MtBE(3×200μl)で洗浄し、フィルター上で約45分間空気乾燥して93mg(90%収率)の黄色固体を得た。
(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミドの無定形ビス塩酸塩の合成
(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミド遊離塩基(1g)をメタノール(50mL)に懸濁させた。過剰のメタノールHClを加えて遊離塩基を塩酸塩に転換させ、次いで減圧下で蒸発させて1.1gの黄色固体を得た:MS(Mz+1=488)。1H NMR(300MHz, CD30D) δ 7.46(d, 1H, J=8.6Hz), 6.81(d, 1H, J=8.6Hz), 4.09(d, 1H, J=1.0Hz), 3.79(d, 1H, J=13.1Hz), 3.73(d, 1H, J=13.1Hz), 3.36(m, 1H), 3.27(s, 3H), 3.08-2.95(8H), 2.61(s, 3H), 2.38(t, 1H, J=14.8), 2.22(m, 1H), 1.64(m, 1H).XRPDパターンを図10に示し、TGA曲線とDSC曲線を重ねて図11に示す。
(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミドの無定形モノ塩酸塩の合成
結晶性モノ塩酸塩(2.09g)のサンプルを水(250ml、120vol)に溶解し、ろ過し、-78℃浴中で凍結させた。凍結乾燥機を用いて、固化したサンプルから水を110時間かけて除去して無定形モノ塩酸塩を綿毛状黄色固体として得た。これは、XRPD分析により無定形であることが確認された。
結晶性モノ塩酸塩の安定性を判定するために、塩のβ異性体含量をHPLC-UV分析で測定し、その塩を琥珀色のガラスバイアル中に周囲条件で約75日間貯蔵した後、算出したβ異性体含量と比較した。結果を以下の表1に示す。収集したデータによって証明されるように、β異性体含量は経時的に増大しておらず、したがって、貯蔵は結晶性モノ塩酸塩の化学的純度に悪影響を及ぼさなかった。
結晶性モノ塩酸塩の抗菌活性を、抗嫌気活性、本明細書で詳述する作用機序及びインビボでの効能試験にしたがって評価した。テストする前にその化合物は溶液中に入るので、これらの試験用のサンプルを調製するために(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミドの無定形ビス塩酸塩又は結晶性モノ塩酸塩のいずれを使用しても、効能データがすべての塩形態について同じとなることは当業界において十分理解されている。したがって、(4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロ-ナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミドの結晶性モノ塩酸塩又は無定形ビス塩酸塩のいずれでスタートしても、テストされるものは、遊離塩基(上記に定義したように;本明細書では「活性体」)である。
活性体の活性の抗菌スペクトルの評価を、様々なグラム陽性及びグラム陰性の好気性及び嫌気性生物体についてのインビトロでのMIC判定法によりいくつかの試験で判定した。これらのアッセイの結果(表7にまとめる)は、活性体が、プロピオニバクテリウム(propionibacterium)及び臨床上用いられるテトラサイクリンより狭い活性スペクトルを有する他のグラム陽性生物体に対して、活性を示すことを表している。テトラサイクリンに耐性のある菌株は、活性体に交差耐性を示す。各生物体群についての活性を、表に続く本文において論じる。
尋常性座瘡病原体P.アクネスに対する活性体のインビトロでの抗菌活性を、嫌気性生物のための臨床検査標準化協会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute)(CLSI)承認の寒天希釈法を用いて評価した。感受性テストを、いくつかのマクロライド耐性菌株を含むP.アクネスのスクリーニングパネルに対するMICを測定することによって実施した。活性体について測定した値を、臨床上用いられる座瘡治療剤、ドキシサイクリン及びミノサイクリンを含むテトラサイクリンの部類の抗生物質の類似のメンバーと比較した(表7)。13のテトラサイクリン感受性P.アクネスのパネルに対して、活性体はドキシサイクリン及びミノサイクリンに匹敵するMICを示した。
黄色ブドウ球菌(S.aureus)の30の菌株を、活性体(表7)及び従来型のテトラサイクリン類(テトラサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン及びミノサイクリン)に対してテストした。公知の耐性機序、リボゾーム保護及び能動排出を有する基準株(Typed strain)を含めた。活性は可変であり、ドキシサイクリン及びミノサイクリンと比較した。
連鎖球菌(それぞれ10の化膿性連鎖球菌(S.pyogenes)、S.アガラクティエ(S.agalactiae)及び肺炎球菌(S.pneumoniae))の30の菌株を、活性体及び従来型のテトラサイクリン類(テトラサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン及びミノサイクリン)に対してテストした。tetM又はtetOによって媒介されるリボゾーム保護を特徴とする、テトラサイクリン及びミノサイクリンに対して公知の耐性を有する基準株を含めた。ブドウ球菌と同様に、MIC範囲及びMIC90値(表7)は、ミノサイクリンとドキシサイクリンに最も近接していた。活性体は、化膿性連鎖球菌の感受性菌株に対して良好な活性を示し、MICはドキシサイクリン及びミノサイクリンに匹敵していた。
十分に特性評価されている11のテトラサイクリン耐性菌株を含む20の腸球菌株(それぞれ10のフェカリス菌(E.faecalis)及びフェシウム菌(E.faecium))を、活性体及び従来型のテトラサイクリン類(テトラサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン及びミノサイクリン)に対してテストした(表7)。ブドウ球菌とは異なり、活性体は、どのテトラサイクリン耐性菌株に対しても、排出(tetK又はtetLによって媒介される)又はリボゾーム保護(tetM又はtetO)により活性ではなかった。活性体は、フェカリス菌及びフェシウム菌のテトラサイクリン感受性菌株に対して活性を示した。これはドキシサイクリンのそれに匹敵していた。
大腸菌(E.coli)の七つのテトラサイクリン感受性菌株に対して、活性体は、インビトロでドキシサイクリン及びミノサイクリンより活性は低かった(表7)。活性体について、肺炎桿菌(K.pneumoniae)のテトラサイクリン感受性菌株に対してさらに低い活性が観察された。対照的に、ドキシサイクリン及びミノサイクリンは、これらの生物体に対して活性体より高い活性を示した。予想されたように、活性体について、tetB又はtetDによって媒介される活性体排出を示す六つのテトラサイクリン耐性菌株に対して活性は観察されなかった。
以下の試験のため、ビス塩酸塩でサンプルを調製し、データを、遊離塩基(「活性体」)をベースにして表した。結晶性モノ塩酸塩の作用機序を、以下で説明するように、活性体の試験を介した異なる二つのアプローチにより測定した。
以下の試験のため、サンプルをビス塩酸塩で調製し、データを、遊離塩基(「活性体」)をベースにして表した。インビボでの効能試験を、活性体を用いて、三つの別個の動物感染症モデル及び一つの炎症モデルで実施した。活性体に匹敵する活性を有することによって、試験は:1)P.アクネスと類似したインビトロでの感受性を有する代表的なグラム陽性病原体に対する、他の市販のテトラサイクリン座瘡医薬品(ドキシサイクリン及びミノサイクリン)と比較した結晶性モノ塩酸塩の抗感染効能;及び2)結晶性モノ塩酸塩の抗炎症活性を示す。
Claims (15)
- (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-ジメチルアミノ-3,10,12,12a-テトラヒドロキシ-7-[(メトキシ(メチル)アミノ)-メチル]-1,11-ジオキソ-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-オクタヒドロナフタセン-2-カルボン酸アミドの結晶塩であって、モノ塩酸塩、モノメシル酸塩及びモノ硫酸塩からなる群から選択される、前記結晶塩。
- 前記塩がモノ塩酸塩である、請求項1に記載の結晶塩。
- HPLCで測定して、0.1±0.01〜7.0±0.7ピーク面積%のβ異性体含量を有する、請求項2に記載の結晶塩。
- HPLCで測定して、1±0.1〜6.0±0.6ピーク面積%のβ異性体含量を有する、請求項2に記載の結晶塩。
- HPLCで測定して、2±0.2〜4.0±0.4ピーク面積%のβ異性体含量を有する、請求項2に記載の結晶塩。
- 前記塩がモノメシル酸塩である、請求項1に記載の結晶塩。
- HPLCで測定して、2.0±0.2〜10.0±1.0ピーク面積%のβ異性体含量を有する、請求項6に記載の結晶塩。
- HPLCで測定して、2.0±0.2〜6.0±0.6ピーク面積%のβ異性体含量を有する、請求項6に記載の結晶塩。
- 前記塩がモノ硫酸塩である、請求項1に記載の結晶塩。
- HPLCで測定して、3.0±0.3〜26.0±2.6ピーク面積%のβ異性体含量を有する、請求項9に記載の結晶塩。
- HPLCで測定して、5.0±0.5〜20.0±2.0ピーク面積%のβ異性体含量を有する、請求項9に記載の結晶塩。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の結晶塩及び薬学的に許容される賦形剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 座瘡を治療するのに使用するための、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 酒さを治療するのに使用するための、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- グラム陽性菌感染症を治療するのに使用され、前記グラム陽性菌が、プロピオニバクテリウム・アクネス、黄色ブドウ球菌、肺炎連鎖球菌、化膿連鎖球菌及びクロストリジウム・ディフィシレからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
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DK (1) | DK2707003T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2739626T3 (ja) |
HR (1) | HRP20191295T8 (ja) |
HU (1) | HUE044536T2 (ja) |
LT (1) | LT2707003T (ja) |
PL (1) | PL2707003T3 (ja) |
PT (1) | PT2707003T (ja) |
SI (1) | SI2707003T1 (ja) |
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Families Citing this family (9)
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US8856782B2 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2014-10-07 | George Mason Research Foundation, Inc. | On-demand disposable virtual work system |
US9098698B2 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2015-08-04 | George Mason Research Foundation, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for application isolation |
ES2739626T3 (es) * | 2011-05-12 | 2020-02-03 | Paratek Pharm Innc | Sales cristalinas de amida del ácido (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-dimetilamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahidroxi-7-[(metoxi(metil)amino)-metil]-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahidro-naftacen-2-carboxílico y métodos de uso de las mismas |
US9081959B2 (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2015-07-14 | Invincea, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for control and detection of malicious content using a sandbox environment |
CA2873412A1 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-11-21 | Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of using (4s,4as,5ar,12as)-4-dimethylamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-[(methoxy(methyl)amino)-methyl]-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide |
JP7492335B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-19 | 2024-05-29 | テトラフェース ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレイテッド | エラバサイクリンの結晶形 |
BR112020000968A2 (pt) * | 2017-07-21 | 2020-07-14 | Almirall, Llc | tratamento de lesões não inflamatórias |
JP7418345B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-06 | 2024-01-19 | パラテック ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレイテッド | サレサイクリン塩酸塩を製造する方法 |
EP4357798A1 (en) | 2021-06-14 | 2024-04-24 | Hioki E.E. Corporation | Short circuit detection device and short circuit detection method |
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US2980584A (en) | 1957-10-29 | 1961-04-18 | Pfizer & Co C | Parenteral magnesium oxytetracycline acetic or lactic acid carboxamide vehicle preparation |
US3062717A (en) | 1958-12-11 | 1962-11-06 | Pfizer & Co C | Intramuscular calcium tetracycline acetic or lactic acid carboxamide vehicle preparation |
US3165531A (en) | 1962-03-08 | 1965-01-12 | Pfizer & Co C | 13-substituted-6-deoxytetracyclines and process utilizing the same |
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DE1767891C3 (de) | 1968-06-28 | 1980-10-30 | Pfizer | Verfahren zur Herstellung von wäßrigen arzneilichen Lösungen für die parenterale, perorale und lokale Anwendung mit einem Gehalt an einem Tetracyclinderivat |
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DE2442829A1 (de) | 1974-09-06 | 1976-03-18 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Tetracyclische verbindungen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
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EP0599397B1 (en) | 1992-11-17 | 1996-08-28 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Tetracyclines including non-antimicrobial chemically-modified tetracyclines inhibit excessive collagen crosslinking during diabetes |
US5834450A (en) | 1994-02-17 | 1998-11-10 | Pfizer Inc. | 9- (substituted amino) -alpha-6-deoxy-5-oxy tetracycline derivatives, their preparation and their use as antibiotics |
US5789395A (en) | 1996-08-30 | 1998-08-04 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Method of using tetracycline compounds for inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide production |
US6277061B1 (en) | 1998-03-31 | 2001-08-21 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Method of inhibiting membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase |
CA3051994A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2008-07-03 | Paul Abato | Substituted tetracycline compounds |
PL2120963T3 (pl) | 2006-12-21 | 2019-05-31 | Paratek Pharm Innc | Podstawione związki tetracyklinowe do leczenia zaburzeń zapalnych skóry |
US20090253660A1 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-10-08 | Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Minocycline Compounds and Methods of Use Thereof |
TW202021946A (zh) * | 2008-05-23 | 2020-06-16 | 美商派洛泰克藥物股份有限公司 | 四環素化合物之甲苯磺酸鹽及同素異形體 |
ES2739626T3 (es) * | 2011-05-12 | 2020-02-03 | Paratek Pharm Innc | Sales cristalinas de amida del ácido (4S,4aS,5aR,12aS)-4-dimetilamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahidroxi-7-[(metoxi(metil)amino)-metil]-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahidro-naftacen-2-carboxílico y métodos de uso de las mismas |
CA2873412A1 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-11-21 | Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of using (4s,4as,5ar,12as)-4-dimethylamino-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-[(methoxy(methyl)amino)-methyl]-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-naphthacene-2-carboxylic acid amide |
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2015
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JP6574572B2 (ja) | 2019-09-11 |
CA2835876C (en) | 2020-04-14 |
HUE044536T2 (hu) | 2019-10-28 |
US20190040002A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
ES2739626T3 (es) | 2020-02-03 |
EP3574908B8 (en) | 2024-09-11 |
HRP20191295T1 (hr) | 2019-10-18 |
WO2012155146A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
US20200024223A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
HRP20191295T8 (hr) | 2020-02-07 |
JP2017132775A (ja) | 2017-08-03 |
LT2707003T (lt) | 2019-10-10 |
PL2707003T3 (pl) | 2019-11-29 |
US20130012480A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
EP2707003A4 (en) | 2014-11-12 |
JP2019142867A (ja) | 2019-08-29 |
US9255068B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
SI2707003T1 (sl) | 2019-10-30 |
JP2023093519A (ja) | 2023-07-04 |
US20160200671A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
EP3574908B1 (en) | 2024-07-31 |
EP2707003B1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
EP3574908A1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
JP2021098695A (ja) | 2021-07-01 |
CA2835876A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
EP2707003A1 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
JP2014520077A (ja) | 2014-08-21 |
PT2707003T (pt) | 2019-08-05 |
DK2707003T3 (da) | 2019-08-05 |
TR201911086T4 (tr) | 2019-08-21 |
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