JP6865439B2 - 2次元フォトニック結晶面発光レーザ - Google Patents
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Description
前記電流が該2次元フォトニック結晶を通過する範囲である電流通過範囲の外縁から中央に向かうに従って、前記母材における異屈折率領域の面内占有率が大きくなるように該異屈折率領域が設けられている
ことを特徴とする。
前記電流が該2次元フォトニック結晶を通過する範囲である電流通過範囲の外縁から中央に向かうに従って、周期長が小さくなるように前記異屈折率領域が配置されている
ことを特徴とする。
2次元フォトニック結晶層において面内占有率f及び周期長aのいずれにも空間分布が無い場合において、2次元フォトニック結晶層内に温度の空間分布が生じると、それに伴って有効屈折率neffに空間分布が生じる。この場合において、2次元フォトニック結晶層内に形成される定在波の波数の、格子定数から求められる値からのずれを示す波数離長δ(T)は、
δ(T)=δ(0)'+Δneff (T)ω(T)/c …(3)
となる。ここでδ(0)'は定数、Δneff (T)は温度変化により生じる有効屈折率neffの温度変化量、ω(T)は温度の空間分布の影響を受けた周波数、cは光速である。(3)式の右辺の第2項が温度の空間分布による影響を示していることから、同項をΔδ(T)とすると、
Δδ(T)(x, y)=Δneff (T)ω(T)/c
=Δneff (T)ω0(ω(T)/ω0)/c
〜Δneff (T)ω0/c(ここでω(T)/ω0〜1と近似)
〜(∂neff (0)/∂T)・ΔT(x, y)・ω0/c …(4)
となる。ここでω0は温度の空間分布による影響を受けていない周波数を示す。
δ (f) (x, y)〜(neff (0)ω(f)/c+Δf・∂(neff (0)ω(f)/c)/∂f)-(ω0/c)
〜δ(0)'+(ω0/c)・((∂neff (0)/∂f)+(neff (0)/ω0)・(∂ω/∂f)・Δf(x, y))
…(5)
となる。(5)式の右辺の第2項が面内占有率f(x, y)の空間分布による影響を示していることから、同項をΔδ(f)(x, y)とすると、
Δδ(f)(x, y)=(ω0/c)・((∂neff (0)/∂f)+(neff (0)/ω0)・(∂ω/∂f)・Δf(x, y)) …(6)
となる。
Δδ(T)(x, y)+Δδ(a)(x, y)=0 …(7)
、すなわち
(∂neff (0)/∂T)ΔT(x, y)・ω0/c
+(ω0/c)・((∂neff (0)/∂f)+(neff (0)/ω0)・(∂ω/∂f)・Δf(x, y))=0 …(8)
となる。この式(8)を変形すると、上掲の式(1)となる。
δ(a)(x, y)=δ(0)'+(ω0/c)・(1-(a(0)/a(x, y))) …(9)
となる。(9)式の右辺の第2項が周期長aの空間分布による影響を示していることから、同項をΔδ(a)とすると、
Δδ(a)(x, y)=-(ω0/c)・((a(0)/a(x, y))-1) …(10)
となる。
Δδ(T)(x, y)+Δδ(a)(x, y)=0 …(11)
、すなわち
(∂neff (0)/∂T)・ΔT(x, y)・ω0/c-(ω0/c)・((a(0)/a(x, y))-1)=0 …(12)
となる。この式(12)を変形すると、上掲の式(2)となる。
例えば図3及び図6の例では2次元フォトニック結晶層12及び12Aの中央と外縁の間で5個の区画に分けたが、この区画数をより多く(隣接する区画間の温度差は小さく)、あるいは少なく(隣接する区画間の温度差を大きく)してもよい。また、面内占有率と周期長の双方を区画毎に異なる値としてもよい。さらには、区画を設けることなく(あるいは区画の数を無限に大きくして)、2次元フォトニック結晶層12の中央から外縁に向けて、隣接する異屈折率領域122同士の面内形状の大きさ(面内占有率)を徐々に小さく、あるいは隣接する格子点間隔(周期長)を徐々に大きくするようにしてもよい。
11…活性層
12、12A…2次元フォトニック結晶層
121…母材
122、122A…異屈折率領域
1231〜1235、1231A〜1235A…同じ面内占有率及び周期長で異屈折率領域が配置される区画
13…スペーサ層
141…第1クラッド層
142…第2クラッド層
15…第1電極
16…第2電極
21…電流通過範囲
Claims (6)
- 所定の大きさを有する板状の母材内に該母材とは屈折率が異なる異屈折率領域が正方格子状、三角格子状、又は長方格子状に周期的に配置されて成る2次元フォトニック結晶と、前記2次元フォトニック結晶の一方の側に設けられた活性層と、前記2次元フォトニック結晶及び前記活性層を挟んで設けられた、該活性層に電流を供給する1対の電極とを有するものであって、
前記電流が該2次元フォトニック結晶を通過する範囲である電流通過範囲の外縁から中央に向かって高くなるように形成される温度分布に応じて、該電流通過範囲内の各面内位置において該外縁から該中央に向かうに従って異屈折率領域の面内占有率が大きくなるように該異屈折率領域が設けられている
ことを特徴とする2次元フォトニック結晶面発光レーザ。 - 前記電流通過範囲内の任意の面内位置における面内占有率f(x, y)と前記外縁における面内占有率fbの差であるΔf(x, y)=f(x, y)-fbが、該面内位置における温度T(x, y)と前記外縁における温度Tbの差であるΔT(x, y)=T(x, y)-Tb(>0)に正の比例係数で比例していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の2次元フォトニック結晶面発光レーザ。
- 前記異屈折率領域が、前記電流通過範囲の中央から同心状に前記面内占有率が小さくなるように設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の2次元フォトニック結晶面発光レーザ。
- 所定の大きさを有する板状の母材内に該母材とは屈折率が異なる異屈折率領域が正方格子状、三角格子状、又は長方格子状に周期的に配置されて成る2次元フォトニック結晶と、前記2次元フォトニック結晶の一方の側に設けられた活性層と、前記2次元フォトニック結晶及び前記活性層を挟んで設けられた、該活性層に電流を供給する1対の電極とを有するものであって、
前記電流が該2次元フォトニック結晶を通過する範囲である電流通過範囲の外縁から中央に向かって高くなるように形成される温度分布に応じて、該電流通過範囲内の各面内位置において該外縁から該中央に向かうに従って周期長が小さくなるように前記異屈折率領域が配置されている
ことを特徴とする2次元フォトニック結晶面発光レーザ。 - 前記電流通過範囲内の任意の面内位置における周期長a(x, y)と前記外縁における周期長abの差であるΔa(x, y)=a(x, y)-abが、該面内位置における温度T(x, y)と前記外縁における温度Tbの差であるΔT(x, y)=T(x, y)-Tb(>0)に負の比例係数で比例していることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の2次元フォトニック結晶面発光レーザ。
- 前記異屈折率領域が、前記電流通過範囲の中央から同心状に前記周期長が大きくなるように設けられていること特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の2次元フォトニック結晶面発光レーザ。
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US20220271503A1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-08-25 | Kyoto University | Two-dimensional photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser |
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