JP6858480B2 - Laminated glass and conductive heating element - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a conductive heating element and a laminated glass incorporating the conductive heating element.

Conventionally, as a defroster device used for a window glass of a vehicle front window, a rear window, or the like, a device in which a heating wire is incorporated in the window glass is known. In such a defroster device, a heating wire incorporated in the window glass is energized and the temperature of the window glass is raised by resistance heating to remove the fogging of the window glass or remove snow and ice adhering to the window glass. It can be melted to ensure the visibility of the occupants.

Various materials have been conventionally used as the above-mentioned heating wire. For example, in Patent Document 1, a silver salt photosensitive layer is exposed on a base material, developed and fixed to form a heating wire. It is disclosed to do. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that the heating wire is formed of tungsten.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-14945 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-207718

Busbar electrodes are arranged on both ends of the heating wire, and the heating wire is heated by applying a voltage between the busbar electrodes. The bus bar electrode is arranged on a transparent base material on which a heating wire is formed, or is arranged so that the transparent base material is peeled off and the heating wire is sandwiched from both sides thereof.

Printing, vapor deposition, sputtering, etching and other methods are used to form the heating wire on the transparent substrate, but photolithography and etching are superior for forming the heating wire with a fine structure. ..

In the photolithography and etching method, a metal thin film such as copper foil is formed on a transparent substrate, a photoresist is placed on it, exposed and developed, and then an etching solution is applied from above the photoresist. , The process of patterning the metal thin film is performed.

Since the etching solution on the photoresist flows from the vicinity of the center of the exposure pattern to both ends along the exposure pattern of the photoresist, the old etching solution inferior in corrosiveness stays in the central portion of the exposure pattern. Both ends of the exposure pattern will always be in contact with fresh etching solution with excellent corrosiveness, the etching process will proceed more on both ends than the center of the exposure pattern, and the line width of the heating wire will be wider than the center. Both ends are thinner.

For this reason, the heating wire at the connection portion with the bus bar electrode becomes extremely thin, causing local heating, or the bus bar electrode and the heating wire may not come into contact with each other, resulting in a disconnection state, and the heating wire may not be heated. There is.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass and a conductive heating element which are easy to manufacture, are less likely to cause disconnection, and do not cause local heating.

In order to solve the above problems, in one aspect of the present invention, a pair of glass plates and
A conductive heating element arranged between the pair of glass plates is provided.
The conductive heating element is
The first and second electrodes extending along the two opposite ends of the pair of glass plates,
It has a plurality of first conductors which are arranged between the first and second electrodes at intervals and integrally formed with the first and second electrodes.
One end of each of the plurality of first conductors is connected to the first electrode, the other end is connected to the second electrode, and the width of the plurality of first conductors in the lateral direction is the first. Laminated glass is provided that is smaller than the lateral width of the 1st and 2nd electrodes.

The width of the plurality of first conductors in the lateral direction may be larger on the one end portion and the other end side than on the longitudinal center side of the plurality of first conductors.

The width of the plurality of first conductors in the lateral direction may be temporarily widened at the one end portion and the other end portion side.

Each of the first and second electrodes may have a plurality of openings surrounded by conductive thin wires.

Each of the first and second electrodes may be in the form of a mesh.

It may be arranged so as to be in contact with the first and second electrodes, and each may have a solid third and fourth electrode.

The plurality of first conductors may be arranged substantially parallel to each other in a direction intersecting the longitudinal directions of the first and second electrodes.

Among the plurality of first conductors, at least a second conductor that connects two adjacent first conductors may be provided.

The conductive heating element may be integrally molded with a conductive material containing copper.

A first bonding layer bonded to the first main surface of the conductive heating element and one of the glass plates.
A second main surface opposite to the first main surface of the conductive heating element and a second bonding layer bonded to the other glass plate may be provided.

A transparent base material that supports the conductive heating element and
A surface of the conductive heating element opposite to the contact surface with the transparent base material, and a first bonding layer bonded to one of the glass plates.
A second bonding layer to be bonded to the transparent base material and the other glass plate may be provided.

In another aspect of the invention, with first and second electrodes extending along two opposing ends,
A plurality of first conductors arranged between the first and second electrodes and integrally formed with the first and second electrodes are provided.
One end of each of the plurality of first conductors is connected to the first electrode, the other end is connected to the second electrode, and the width of the plurality of first conductors in the lateral direction is the first. A conductive heating element that is smaller than the width of the first and second electrodes in the lateral direction is provided.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a laminated glass and a conductive heating element that are easy to manufacture, are less likely to break, and do not cause local heating.

The plan view of the laminated glass 1 by one Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the example which applied the laminated glass of FIG. 1 to the front window of a passenger car. A plan view of a laminated glass in which two bus bar electrodes are arranged along both ends in the lateral direction of the laminated glass. It is a figure which shows the example which provides the linear conductor which connects the linear conductor of FIG. FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1 when a heating element sheet in which a conductive heating element is formed on a transparent base material is sandwiched between a pair of glass plates. (A) to (e) are sectional views showing a manufacturing process of a conductive heating element. The figure which shows the example which widened the width of the linear conductor 8 in the lateral direction of both ends in a longitudinal direction for a while as it was closer to both ends. The figure which shows the example which made the bus bar electrode into a mesh shape. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings attached to the present specification, the scale, aspect ratio, etc. are appropriately changed from those of the actual product and exaggerated for the convenience of illustration and comprehension.

In addition, in this specification, the terms "board", "sheet", and "film" are not distinguished from each other based only on the difference in designation. For example, a "sheet" is a concept that includes a member that can be called a plate or a film. Therefore, a "pattern sheet" is referred to as a member called a "pattern plate (board)" or a "pattern film". It cannot be distinguished only by the difference.

Further, the "sheet surface (plate surface, film surface)" is a target sheet-like member (plate-like) when the target sheet-like (plate-like, film-like) member is viewed as a whole and from a broad perspective. A surface that coincides with the plane direction of a member or film-like member).

Furthermore, as used in the present specification, the terms such as "parallel", "orthogonal", and "identical" and the values of length and angle that specify the shape and geometric conditions and their degrees are strictly used. Without being bound by meaning, we will interpret it including the range in which similar functions can be expected.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a laminated glass 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The laminated glass 1 of FIG. 1 can be used for a front window, a rear window, a side window, and the like of various vehicles such as cars, trains, and ships. FIG. 2 shows an example in which the laminated glass 1 of FIG. 1 is applied to the front window 2 of a passenger car.

The laminated glass 1 of FIG. 1 includes a pair of glass plates 3 and 4 and a conductive heating element 5 arranged between the pair of glass plates 3 and 4. The conductive heating element 5 has two bus bar electrodes (first and second electrodes) 6 and 7, and a plurality of linear conductors (first conductor) 8.

In the example of FIG. 2, the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are arranged along both ends of the laminated glass 1 in the longitudinal direction, but as shown in FIG. 3, both ends of the laminated glass 1 in the lateral direction Two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 may be arranged along the above.

The plurality of linear conductors 8 are arranged between the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7, respectively. In a typical example, the plurality of linear conductors 8 are arranged substantially parallel to each other with a space between the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7. The plurality of linear conductors 8 and the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are integrally formed of a common conductive material. As the conductive material, for example, copper having excellent conductivity and easy etching treatment is used. As will be described later, in the present embodiment, the plurality of linear conductors 8 and the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are integrally formed by photolithography. A conductive material other than copper may be used as long as it has excellent conductivity and can be easily processed by photolithography etching.

By applying a predetermined voltage between the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7, a current flows through the plurality of linear conductors 8 between the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7, and the resistance component of each linear conductor 8 causes each linear shape. The conductor 8 is heated. As a result, the pair of glass plates 3 and 4 are warmed, and fogging due to dew condensation adhering to these glass plates can be removed. It can also melt snow and ice attached to the outer glass plate. Therefore, it is possible to secure a good view of the occupants in the vehicle. In this way, the conductive heating element 5 functions as a defroster electrode.

Since it is necessary to apply a voltage to the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 to the linear conductors 8 without power loss, the width of the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 in the lateral direction is set to be the width of the linear conductors 8 in the lateral direction. It is larger than the width. In the present embodiment, the copper thin film is etched to form a pattern of the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 and the linear conductor 8. Therefore, the pattern width for the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 is the pattern for the linear conductor 8. It is formed wider than the width.

The voltage applied to the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 is supplied from a battery 9 or a battery mounted on the vehicle, for example, as shown in FIG.

The conductive heating element 5 in which the plurality of linear conductors 8 and the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are integrally molded is formed on the transparent base material 11. The transparent base material 11 may be sandwiched between the pair of glass plates 3 and 4 as it is without being peeled off, or only the conductive heating element 5 from which the transparent base material 11 has been peeled off is sandwiched between the pair of glass plates 3 and 4. It may be sandwiched between 4. In the present specification, the transparent base material 11 on which the conductive heating element 5 is formed is referred to as a heating element sheet 12.

By the way, since each linear conductor 8 is thinner than the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7, disconnection is likely to occur. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, a separate linear conductor (second conductor) 9 that connects two adjacent linear conductors 8 may be provided. The number and location of the linear conductors 9 may be arbitrarily set according to the length, width, and the like of the linear conductors 8.

In the present embodiment, since it is intended to form a plurality of linear conductors 8 by etching, for example, by preparing a photomask that matches the shape of the linear conductor 8 to be produced, it is optional. The meandering linear conductor 8 can be formed, and even if the shape of the linear conductor 8 is complicated, the production is not particularly difficult.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1 when a heating element sheet 12 in which a conductive heating element 5 is formed on a transparent base material 11 is sandwiched between a pair of glass plates 3 and 4. In the case of FIG. 5, the transparent base material 11 of the heating element sheet 12 is bonded to the curved glass plate 3 via the bonding layer (first bonding layer) 13. The other glass plate 4 is bonded to the conductive heating element 5 of the heating element sheet 12 via a bonding layer (second bonding layer) 14.

Since both the transparent base material 11 and the conductive heating element 5 of the heating element sheet 12 are sufficiently thin, the heating element sheet 12 itself has flexibility, and the heating element follows the curved shape of the curved glass plates 3 and 4. The sheet 12 can be stably joined to the glass plates 3 and 4 in a curved state.

When the glass plates 3 and 4 are used especially for the front window 2 of a vehicle, it is preferable to use glass plates 3 and 4 having a high visible light transmittance so as not to obstruct the view of the occupant. Examples of the materials of such glass plates 3 and 4 include soda lime glass and blue plate glass. The glass plates 3 and 4 preferably have a transmittance of 90% or more in the visible light region. Here, the visible light transmittance of the glass plates 3 and 4 is measured in the measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm using a spectrophotometer (for example, "UV-3100PC" manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, JIS K0115 compliant product). It is specified as the average value of the transmittance at each wavelength. The visible light transmittance may be lowered by coloring a part or the whole of the glass plates 3 and 4. In this case, it is possible to block the direct sunlight and make it difficult to see the inside of the vehicle from the outside of the vehicle.

Further, the glass plates 3 and 4 preferably have a thickness of 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. With such a thickness, glass plates 3 and 4 having excellent strength and optical characteristics can be obtained.

The glass plates 3 and 4 and the conductive heating element 5 formed on the transparent base material 11 are bonded via the bonding layers 13 and 14, respectively. As such bonding layers 13 and 14, layers made of materials having various adhesiveness or adhesiveness can be used. Further, it is preferable to use the bonding layers 13 and 14 having high visible light transmittance. As typical bonding layers 13 and 14, a layer made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) can be exemplified. The thicknesses of the bonding layers 13 and 14 are preferably 0.15 mm or more and 0.7 mm or less, respectively.

The laminated glass 1 is not limited to the illustrated example, and other functional layers expected to exhibit a specific function may be provided. Further, one functional layer may exhibit two or more functions, and for example, the glass plates 3 and 4 of the laminated glass 1, the bonding layers 13 and 14, and at least one of the transparent base materials 11 may be various. The function of may be added. For example, an antireflection (AR) function, a hard coat (HC) function having scratch resistance, an infrared ray shielding (reflection) function, an ultraviolet ray shielding (reflection) function, a polarization function, an antifouling function and the like can be mentioned as an example.

The transparent base material 11 functions as a base material that supports the conductive heating element 5. The transparent base material 11 is a so-called transparent electrically insulating substrate that transmits wavelengths in the visible light wavelength band (380 nm to 780 nm) and contains a thermoplastic resin.

The thermoplastic resin contained in the transparent base material 11 as a main component may be any resin as long as it is a thermoplastic resin that transmits visible light. For example, an acrylic resin such as polymethylmethacrylate, a polyolefin resin such as polypropylene, or polyethylene. Examples thereof include polyester resins such as terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, cellulose-based resins such as triacetyl cellulose (cellulose triacetate), polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polycarbonate resins, AS resins and the like. In particular, acrylic resin and polyethylene terephthalate are preferable because they have excellent optical properties and good moldability.

Further, the transparent base material 11 preferably has a thickness of 0.02 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less in consideration of the retention property of the conductive heating element 5 during production, light transmission, and the like.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the conductive heating element 5, and shows a cross-sectional structure in the direction of AA in FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 6A, a copper thin film 21 is formed on the transparent base material 11. The thin film 21 can be formed by electric field copper foil, rolled copper foil, sputtering, vacuum deposition, or the like.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6B, the upper surface of the copper thin film 21 is covered with the photoresist 22. The photoresist 22 is a resin layer having photosensitivity to, for example, light in a specific wavelength range, for example, ultraviolet rays. This resin layer may be formed by sticking a resin film or by coating with a fluid resin. Further, the specific photosensitive characteristics of the photoresist 22 are not particularly limited. For example, as the resist layer 48, a photocurable photosensitive material may be used, or a photomelting type photosensitive material may be used.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 6C, the photoresist 22 is patterned to form the resist pattern 23. As a method for patterning the photoresist 22, various known methods can be adopted. In this example, as the photoresist 22, a resin layer having photosensitivity to light in a specific wavelength range, for example, ultraviolet rays is used. Patterning is performed using a known photoresist technique. First, a mask that opens a portion to be patterned or a mask that shields a portion to be patterned is placed on the photoresist 22, and the photoresist 22 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays through this mask. After that, the portion shielded by the ultraviolet ray or the portion irradiated with the ultraviolet ray is removed by means such as development. As a result, the patterned resist pattern 23 can be formed. A laser patterning method that does not use a mask can also be used.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6D, an etching solution for wet etching is sprayed from above the resist pattern 23 to remove the copper thin film 21 not covered by the resist pattern 23 by etching, and the resist pattern 23 is removed. Only the area covered with the copper thin film 21 is left. Next, as shown in FIG. 6E, by peeling off the resist pattern 23, a plurality of linear conductors 8 and two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are produced.

A dark color layer for suppressing the reflectance of the conductive heating element 5 may be formed on the surface of the patterned copper thin film 21 or on the lower surface side of the copper thin film 21. By forming the dark color layer, it is possible to suppress the reflected light when the surface of the linear conductor 8 and the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 is irradiated with external light, and it is possible to suppress the occurrence of flicker.

When only a plurality of linear conductors 8 are formed by photolithography without integrally molding the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7, as described above, when the etching solution is sprayed in the etching step of photolithography, the conductors are linear. Etching progresses more on both ends in the longitudinal direction of the conductor 8 than in the center in the longitudinal direction, and the width of both ends in the longitudinal direction of the linear conductor 8 becomes too narrow to conduct with the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7. The resistance at both ends of the linear conductor 8 in the longitudinal direction becomes abnormally high. On the other hand, when the plurality of linear conductors 8 and the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are integrally molded as in the present embodiment, the plurality of linear conductors 8 are formed from the central portion side in the longitudinal direction. Since the etching solution flowing to both ends is dammed by the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7, the linear conductor 8 is uniformly immersed in the etching solution as a whole, and more etching is removed from both ends of the linear conductor 8 in the longitudinal direction. Problems such as being etched will not occur.

Further, in the present embodiment, in order to integrally mold the plurality of linear conductors 8 and the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 by photolithography, the plurality of linear conductors 8 are first formed by photolithography, and then the plurality of linear conductors 8 are formed. Compared with the case where the separate bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are joined to the linear conductor 8, the contact between the linear conductor 8 and the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 is improved, and the linear conductor 8 and the bus bar electrode 6 are improved. The power loss at the joints with and 7 is reduced, and the heat generation efficiency is improved.

The heating element sheet 12 produced by the manufacturing process of FIG. 6 is arranged between a pair of curved glass plates 3 and 4. More specifically, the laminated glass 1 is produced by stacking one glass plate 3, the bonding layer 13, the heating element sheet 12, the bonding layer 14, and the glass plate 4 in this order and heating while pressurizing.

Various changes can be made to the pattern shape of the conductive heating element 5 described above. For example, the width of the linear conductor 8 in the lateral direction is only about 2 μm to 10 μm, and the strength of the connecting portions with the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 is not sufficient. Depending on the variation in etching, the width of the linear conductor 8 in the lateral direction may be smaller than the design value. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the width of the linear conductor 8 in the lateral direction is made non-uniform along the longitudinal direction, and the width on both ends in the longitudinal direction is intentionally made larger than the width on the central side in the longitudinal direction. You may. FIG. 7 shows an example in which the width of the linear conductor 8 in the lateral direction on both ends in the longitudinal direction is widened for a while as it is closer to both ends. With the pattern shape shown in FIG. 7, the strength of the connecting portion between the plurality of linear conductors 8 and the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 is improved, and the etching on the longitudinal end side of the linear conductor 8 is caused by the variation due to etching. Even if it progresses more than expected, the width in the lateral direction on the end side does not become smaller, and problems such as disconnection and partial increase in resistance value can be prevented.

Further, although the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 shown in FIG. 2 and the like are formed in a solid pattern, the width of the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 in the lateral direction is larger than the width of the linear conductor 8 in the lateral direction. Therefore, the contact area with the resist pattern 23 used in photolithography becomes large. Therefore, the resist pattern 23 on the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 may not be easily peeled off. If the resist pattern 23 is forcibly peeled off, the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 may be deformed or broken. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 may be in the form of a mesh. The mesh patterns of the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are not limited to those shown in FIG. 8, and are mesh patterns (lattice-like patterns) in which openings of the same shape such as triangles and rectangles are regularly defined, and openings of irregular shapes. Various mesh patterns can be applied, such as a mesh pattern in which is regularly defined, a mesh pattern in which irregularly shaped openings are irregularly defined, such as a Voronoi mesh. For example, in the case of a honeycomb pattern, the current can smoothly branch in two directions at the branch point to change the traveling direction. As a result, the current easily flows through the entire bus bar electrodes 6 and 7, so that the conductivity of the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 can be improved and the power loss in the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 can be reduced.

When the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are formed in a mesh pattern, as shown in FIG. 8, the connection with each linear conductor 8 is made by a plurality of branched thin wires of the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7, and the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are formed. It is considered that the bonding strength is improved as compared with the case where 6 and 7 are solid patterns. Therefore, when the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 have a mesh pattern, it may not be necessary to widen the width of the linear conductor 8 on the longitudinal end side as shown in FIG.

When the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are formed of a mesh pattern, the contact area between the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 and the resist pattern 23 becomes small, so that the resist pattern 23 can be easily peeled off from the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7. Therefore, there is no problem at the time of peeling.

On the other hand, if the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 have a mesh pattern, the conductivity becomes worse than when the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 have a solid pattern, and the resistance values of the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 may increase. Be done. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the conductive heating element 5 may be peeled off from the heating element sheet 12 and the solid patterns 15 and 16 may be bonded to both side surfaces of the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7. Alternatively, the solid patterns 15 and 16 may be bonded to the surfaces of the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 without peeling the conductive heating element 5 from the heating element sheet 12. A conductive adhesive may be used for joining the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 and the solid patterns 15 and 16. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. Further, the linear conductor 9 shown in FIG. 4 may be provided on the conductive heating element 5 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

As described above, in the present embodiment, since the plurality of linear conductors 8 constituting the conductive heating element 5 and the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 are integrally molded by photolithography, the plurality of linear conductors are integrally formed at the time of etching. Problems such as a reduction in the width of both ends in the longitudinal direction of 8 in the lateral direction do not occur, the bonding strength between the plurality of linear conductors 8 and the two bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 can be improved, and each linear conductor can be improved. Fluctuations in the resistance value on the body 8 can be suppressed, and each linear conductor 8 can be uniformly heated over the entire length.

Further, by widening the width of each linear conductor 8 in the lateral direction on both ends in the longitudinal direction to be wider than the width in the central portion in the longitudinal direction, the bonding strength with the bus bar electrodes 6 and 7 is further increased, and etching is performed. Even if the etching on both ends in the longitudinal direction proceeds faster due to the variation, there is no possibility that the width in the lateral direction on both ends in the longitudinal direction becomes smaller.

Aspects of the present invention are not limited to the individual embodiments described above, but also include various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art, and the effects of the present invention are not limited to the contents described above. That is, various additions, changes and partial deletions are possible without departing from the conceptual idea and purpose of the present invention derived from the contents defined in the claims and their equivalents.

1 Laminated glass, 2 Front window, 3, 4 Pair of glass plates, 5 Conductive heating element, 6, 7 Busbar electrode, 8 Linear conductor, 9 Battery, 11 Transparent base material, 12 Heating element sheet, 13, 14 Bonding layer, 15,16 solid pattern, 21 copper thin film, 22 photoresist, 23 resist pattern

Claims (11)

A pair of glass plates and
A conductive heating element arranged between the pair of glass plates and
A transparent base material containing a thermoplastic resin, having a thickness of 0.02 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less and supporting the conductive heating element, is provided.
The conductive heating element is
The first and second electrodes extending along the two opposite ends of the transparent substrate,
Respectively arranged to be spaced apart between the first and second electrodes, said first and second electrodes and formed integrally includes a plurality of first conductors, each Ru is arranged so as not to intersect, the ,
Each of the plurality of first conductors has one end connected to the first electrode and the other end connected to the second electrode.
The width of the plurality of first conductors in the lateral direction is larger on the one end side and the other end side than on the longitudinal center side of the plurality of first conductors, and the width is 2 μm or more. It is 10 μm
A laminated glass in which one end and the other end of the plurality of first conductors are integrally connected to the first and second electrodes. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the width of the plurality of first conductors in the lateral direction is temporarily widened at one end portion and the other end portion side. The laminated glass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the first and second electrodes has a plurality of openings surrounded by conductive thin wires. The laminated glass according to claim 3, wherein each of the first and second electrodes is in the form of a mesh. The laminated glass according to claim 3 or 4, which is arranged so as to be in contact with the first and second electrodes and includes the third and fourth electrodes in a solid shape, respectively. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plurality of first conductors are arranged substantially parallel to each other in a direction intersecting the longitudinal directions of the first and second electrodes. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the conductive heating element is integrally molded with a conductive material containing copper. A first bonding layer bonded to the first main surface of the conductive heating element and one of the glass plates.
The invention according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a second main surface of the conductive heating element opposite to the first main surface and a second bonding layer bonded to the other glass plate. The described laminated glass. A transparent base material that supports the conductive heating element and
A surface of the conductive heating element opposite to the contact surface with the transparent base material, and a first bonding layer bonded to one of the glass plates.
The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a second bonding layer bonded to the transparent base material and the other glass plate. With a conductive heating element
A transparent base material containing a thermoplastic resin, having a thickness of 0.02 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less and supporting the conductive heating element, is provided.
The conductive heating element is
The first and second electrodes extending along the two opposite ends of the transparent substrate,
Wherein are arranged between the first and second electrodes, said first and second electrodes and formed integrally includes a plurality of first conductors, each Ru is arranged so as not to cross, and,
Each of the plurality of first conductors has one end connected to the first electrode and the other end connected to the second electrode.
The width of the plurality of first conductors in the lateral direction is larger on the one end side and the other end side than on the longitudinal center side of the plurality of first conductors, and the width is 2 μm or more. It is 10 μm
A heating element sheet in which one end and the other end of the plurality of first conductors are integrally connected to the first and second electrodes. A step of forming a metal thin film on a transparent substrate containing a thermoplastic resin and having a thickness of 0.02 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less.
The step of covering the upper surface of the thin film with a photoresist and
A step of patterning the photoresist to form a resist pattern,
An etching solution is sprayed onto the resist pattern to remove the thin film in a place not covered by the resist pattern by etching, and the first and the first and which extend along two opposing ends on the transparent substrate. A step of integrally molding a second electrode and a plurality of first conductors arranged so as not to intersect each other between the first and second electrodes is provided.
The width of the plurality of first conductors in the lateral direction is larger at one end and the other end than at the center side in the longitudinal direction of the plurality of first conductors, and the width is 2 μm to 10 μm. There is a method of manufacturing a heating element sheet.

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