JP6855503B2 - 繊維強化複合材からの強化用繊維の回収 - Google Patents
繊維強化複合材からの強化用繊維の回収 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6855503B2 JP6855503B2 JP2018551943A JP2018551943A JP6855503B2 JP 6855503 B2 JP6855503 B2 JP 6855503B2 JP 2018551943 A JP2018551943 A JP 2018551943A JP 2018551943 A JP2018551943 A JP 2018551943A JP 6855503 B2 JP6855503 B2 JP 6855503B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/06—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions
- C08J11/08—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions using selective solvents for polymer components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0293—Dissolving the materials in gases or liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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Description
第1の処理中にマトリックス材料を溶解させるために使用された第1の溶媒、
第1の処理中に第1の溶媒に溶解されたマトリックス材料、および
第2の処理に使用された通常ガス状の材料
の1つ以上を回収、処理および/またはリサイクルするための補助的操作も含み得る。
以下の実施例は、本開示の種々の態様をさらに例示および説明する。
炭素繊維を回収してリサイクルするために、14002−D炭素繊維一方向プリプレグ複合材(ロック・ウェスト・コンポジット(Rock West Composites))のサンプルがさまざまな処理の組合せの試験に付される。14002−Dは、ニューポート301エポキシ樹脂(ミツビシ・レイヨン・カーボン・ファイバー・インク(Mitsubishi Rayon Carbon Fiber&Composites,Inc.)、以前のニューポート・アドヒシブ・アンド・コンポジッツ・インク(Newport Adhesives and Composites,Inc.))のマトリックス中にパイロフィル(登録商標)TR50S炭素繊維(三菱レイヨン株式会社)を含む繊維強化複合材プリプレグである。14002−Dの試験サンプルは、14002−Dのシートからカットした約15×2.5センチメートルのサイズおよび約0.8グラムの重量のピースである。試験は、高圧に耐えるように設計された約0.25リットルの内部流体閉じ込め体積を有する管状試験槽内のサンプルで行われる。以下に記載の実施例では、サンプルへの参照は、試験処理に付されるサンプル固体を意味し、例えば、試験開始時の14002−Dプリプレグ複合材の初期サンプルまたは試験期間中のより後のある時点での炭素繊維含有固形残渣を意味し得る。試験は、試験槽内で行われる以下の処理工程の1つ以上を含む。
超臨界CO2リンス(SCCO2):約5分間の滞留時間にわたり約10MPaの圧力および少なくとも31.1℃の温度(臨界温度)で超臨界二酸化炭素にサンプルを浸漬する。
急速CO2昇華(RSub):CO2リンス(ここに提示された実施例では液体CO2リンス)後、二酸化炭素を急速にベントすることによって試験槽を高圧から本質的に周囲圧力に急速に減圧し、これは、ガス膨張冷却に起因してサンプルの存在下における試験槽内での固体二酸化炭素の生成を伴う。試験槽を減圧した後、固体二酸化炭素の存在下でサンプルを熱水リンスに付すことにより(以上に記載のHWRと同一の手順)、固体二酸化炭素を急速に昇華させる。
Claims (14)
- プラスチック材料またはプラスチック材料の前駆体のマトリックス中に保持された強化用繊維を含む複合材を、前記強化用繊維を回収するために処理する方法であって、
前記強化用繊維を含む第1の処理固形残渣を調製するために、前記マトリックスの材料のための通常液状の第1の溶媒で前記繊維強化複合材の第1の処理を行うことであって、前記繊維強化複合材と前記第1の溶媒とを接触させることと、重量基準で前記マトリックスの少なくとも大部分の、前記第1の溶媒への第1の溶解を行うこととを含む、第1の処理を行うことと、
前記第1の処理後、第2の処理固形残渣を調製するために、前記第1の溶媒とは異なる組成の通常ガス状の材料の第2の溶媒で、前記強化用繊維を含む前記第1の処理固形残渣の少なくとも一部分の第2の処理を行うことであって、前記通常ガス状の材料が液体または超臨界流体の形態である温度および圧力の条件下において、前記第1の処理固形残渣の前記少なくとも一部分と前記通常ガス状の材料とを接触させることを含む、第2の処理を行うことと、
前記第2の処理後、前記強化用繊維を含む前記第2の処理固形残渣の少なくとも一部分の第3の処理を行うことであって、前記第3の処理が、
前記第2の処理固形残渣の前記少なくとも一部分に接触した状態で、通常ガス状の物質の流体形態から固体形態への第1の変換を行うことであって、前記通常ガス状の物質の温度を低下させることを含む、第1の変換を行うことと、
前記第1の変換後、前記マトリックスの材料、繊維サイジング剤の材料およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される残留材料を前記強化用繊維から除去することを支援するために、前記通常ガス状の物質の前記固体形態からガス形態への第2の変換を行うこととを含む、第3の処理を行うことと
を含み、
前記通常液状の第1の溶媒は、0.1MPaの圧力および25℃の温度の条件にある時に液体の形態であり、
前記通常ガス状の材料は、0.1MPaの圧力および25℃の温度の条件にある時にガスの形態であり、
前記第2の溶媒は、前記第1の溶媒のための溶媒であり、
前記第2の処理は、前記第1の処理後、前記第1の処理固形残渣に伴う前記第1の溶媒の残留部分を前記第2の溶媒に溶解させることを含む、方法。 - 前記マトリックスは、未硬化熱硬化性樹脂を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックスは、熱可塑性組成物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記強化用繊維は、炭素繊維を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記強化用繊維は、カーボンナノチューブ繊維、アラミド繊維、ガラス繊維、ホウ素繊維、バサルト繊維、高弾性率ポリエチレン繊維、ポリp−フェニレン−2,6−ベンゾビスオキサゾール繊維、石英繊維、セラミック繊維、ステンレス鋼繊維、チタン繊維、銅繊維、ニッケル繊維、金属被覆繊維、天然繊維およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される繊維を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の溶媒は、メチレンクロリド、メトキシノナフルオロブタン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロフラン、テトラクロロエチレン、n−プロピルブロミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ポリオールエステル油およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択されるメンバーを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の溶媒は、エステル、エーテル、アセテート、酸、アルカリ、アミン、ケトン、グリコールエーテル、グリコールエーテルエステル、エーテルエステル、エステルアルコール、アルコール、ハロゲン化炭化水素、パラフィン系炭化水素、脂肪族炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択されるメンバーを含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の溶媒は、前記強化用繊維に対して化学的に不活性であり、かつ前記通常ガス状の材料は、前記強化用繊維に対して化学的に不活性である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の処理中に前記マトリックスの少なくとも95重量パーセントを前記第1の溶媒に溶解させることを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記通常ガス状の材料は、二酸化炭素である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記通常ガス状の材料は、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン、ジフルオロメタン、ペンタフルオロエタンおよびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択されるメンバーを含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の処理の前記接触の前記圧力は、2MPa〜69MPaの範囲内である、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の処理の前記接触の温度は、0℃〜175℃の範囲内である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マトリックスの溶解材料に富んだリッチな第1の溶媒を前記第1の処理から回収することと、
前記リッチな第1の溶媒を蒸留して前記第1の溶媒の少なくとも一部分を気化させ、かつ前記第1の溶媒の蒸気を回収することと、
前記第1の溶媒の前記回収された蒸気の少なくとも一部分を凝縮させ、かつ前記第1の処理への供給物としてリサイクルすることと、
前記蒸留中に形成された前記マトリックスの沈澱固形材料を回収することと
を含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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