JP6817191B2 - 金属、樹脂部材及び炭素繊維強化樹脂部材の接合方法 - Google Patents
金属、樹脂部材及び炭素繊維強化樹脂部材の接合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6817191B2 JP6817191B2 JP2017510056A JP2017510056A JP6817191B2 JP 6817191 B2 JP6817191 B2 JP 6817191B2 JP 2017510056 A JP2017510056 A JP 2017510056A JP 2017510056 A JP2017510056 A JP 2017510056A JP 6817191 B2 JP6817191 B2 JP 6817191B2
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-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
- B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8253—Testing the joint by the use of waves or particle radiation, e.g. visual examination, scanning electron microscopy, or X-rays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/342—Preventing air-inclusions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
- B29K2307/04—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Description
特許文献2に開示の技術は、金属の光吸収率に左右されず、高強度かつ均一に樹脂と金属とをレーザ接合できるため、有効な技術であるが、接合速度について記載も示唆もない。
特許文献3に開示の技術は、接合速度が5mm/sであり、生産効率が十分に高いとはいえない。特許文献4では、接合速度について記載も示唆もない。
しかしながら、接着剤技術では、乾燥・硬化時間が必要であり、また、有機溶剤の気散等の環境負荷の問題が指摘されており、振動溶着、超音波溶着、摩擦溶着技術では、振動による製品の損傷の問題が指摘されている。また、熱板溶着技術では、接着時間が短く量産に適しており、振動による損傷も少ないが、熱板を直接被接合部材に接触させるため、熱板を取り去る際に、溶融した樹脂が熱板に付着して糸引き現象が発生する問題がある。
(1)金属と樹脂部材とを重ね合わせて樹脂部材側からレーザ光を照射して接合する接合方法において、前記金属に、レーザ光が透過する前記樹脂部材とガラスを、この順で重ね合わせ、前記樹脂部材側から前記ガラスを介して前記レーザ光を前記金属と前記樹脂部材の重ね合わされた接合箇所に照射して、接合速度0.5m〜5.0m/minで接合することを特徴とする金属と樹脂部材の接合方法。
(2)炭素繊維強化樹脂部材と樹脂部材とを重ね合わせて樹脂部材側からレーザ光を照射して接合する接合方法において、
前記炭素繊維強化樹脂部材に、レーザ光が透過する前記樹脂部材とガラスを、この順で重ね合わせ、前記樹脂部材側から前記ガラスを介して前記レーザ光を前記炭素繊維強化樹脂部材と前記樹脂部材の重ね合わされた接合箇所に照射して、接合速度0.5m〜5.0m/minで接合することを特徴とする炭素繊維強化樹脂部材と樹脂部材の接合方法。
(3)樹脂よりなる中間部材を介して金属と炭素繊維強化樹脂部材とをレーザ光を照射して接合する方法において、
前記炭素繊維強化樹脂部材とレーザ光が透過する樹脂よりなる前記中間部材とを接合し、次いで、当該中間部材と前記金属とを接合するものであり、
前記炭素繊維強化樹脂部材と前記中間部材との接合の際、前記炭素繊維強化樹脂部材に、前記中間部材とガラスを、この順で重ね合わせ、当該中間部材側から当該ガラスを介してレーザ光を当該炭素繊維強化樹脂部材と当該中間部材の重ね合わされた接合箇所に照射して、接合速度0.5m〜5.0m/minで接合し、
前記中間部材と前記金属の接合の際、前記中間部材の表面に、前記金属を重ね合わせ、接合箇所の金属表面にレーザ光を照射して当該金属を加熱して、接合速度0.5m〜5.0m/minで接合する
ことを特徴とする中間部材を介して金属と炭素繊維強化樹脂部材の接合方法。
(4)
樹脂よりなる中間部材を介して金属と炭素繊維強化樹脂部材とをワンパスのみのレーザ光照射により接合する方法において、
前記炭素繊維強化樹脂部材に、前記中間部材と前記金属を、この順で重ね合わせ、当該金属側からレーザ光を当該金属と当該炭素繊維強化樹脂部材と当該中間部材の重ね合わされた接合箇所に照射して、接合速度0.5m〜5.0m/minでワンパス接合する
ことを特徴とする中間部材を介した金属と炭素繊維強化樹脂部材との接合方法。
次に、本発明の第1の態様の接合法に至った検討の経緯について説明するとともに、本発明の第1の態様の接合法について説明する。
次に、本発明の第2の態様の接合法に至った検討の経緯について説明するとともに、本発明の第2の態様の接合法について説明する。
(a)まず、レーザ光を照射して、接合速度0.5m〜5.0m/minで、CFRP部材と樹脂よりなる中間部材とを接合し、
(b)次いで、レーザ光を照射して、接合速度0.5m〜5.0m/minで、金属と、中間部材とを接合する
方法である。
(b)において、金属と、中間部材とを重ね合わせ、当該金属側からレーザ光を照射して金属を加熱し、金属と中間部材とを接合する。
まず、CFRP部材に樹脂よりなる中間部材とガラスをこの順で重ね合わせ、ガラスと接した中間部材面にガラスを通してレーザ光を照射してCFRP部材と中間部材とを接合する。
次に、金属と、中間部材が接合されたCFRP部材とを重ね合わせ、金属側からレーザ光を照射して金属と中間部材とを接合する。
CFRP部材に、樹脂よりなる中間部材と金属を、この順で重ね合わせ、金属側からレーザ光を接合箇所に照射して、接合速度0.5m〜5.0m/minで、各部材をワンパス接合するものである。
接合される金属は、自動車等で使用される金属であり、成分組成も含め、特に限定されるものでない。また、樹脂部材側からレーザ光を照射する場合(第1の態様)、金属の表面を加熱するため、金属の厚さも、特に限定されるものでない。金属側からレーザ光を照射する場合(第3の態様、第4の態様)、中間部材との非接触面側からレーザ光を照射して、熱伝導により中間部材との接触面を加熱し、中間部材を溶融させるため、金属の厚さは3.5mm以下とすることが好ましい。このような金属として、鋼材が例示される。また、金属の表面にめっきなどの処理層を有さないものが好ましい。
接合されるCFRP部材は、特に限定されるものでなく、使用態様によって公知のCFRP部材から選択することができる。また、CFRP部材を構成する炭素繊維としては、PAN(ポリアクリルニトリル)系炭素繊維、ピッチ系炭素繊維等が例示される。特に、PAN系炭素繊維は、強度、弾性率、伸度のバランスが良い。また、CFRP部材を構成する樹脂としては、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ベンゾオキサジン樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂や、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ABS樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、ポチブチレンテレフタレート樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリカーボネート等の樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂が例示される。
接合される樹脂部材(または樹脂よりなる中間部材)の原料となる樹脂は、使用するレーザ光を透過するものであれば、特に限定されるものでなく、ナイロン6(PA6)等のポリアミド樹脂(PA)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)等のポリエステル樹脂、ポリカーボネート(PC)樹脂、ABS等のスチレン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂(PMMA等)等の熱可塑性樹脂が例示される。なお、樹脂は、繊維状充填剤等の特性を向上させる充填剤を添加しているものでもよい。
また、第4の態様では、ワンパス接合で、金属を加熱して、その熱伝導により中間部材を溶融するため、1.0mm以下の厚みとすることが好ましい。1.0mmを超えるとワンパスのみのレーザ照射で十分に樹脂を溶融できないおそれがある。
ガラスは、樹脂部材(または中間部材)の金属またはCFRP部材と接触する面と反対側のレーザ光が照射される側の面に重ね合わされる。このガラスは、揮発する樹脂成分がレーザ光と干渉しないように、揮発成分をガラス板の外周から排出させるものである。ガラスは、使用するレーザ光を透過し、揮発した樹脂成分と反応しないものであれば、特に限定されるものでなく、石英ガラスが例示される。
接合される金属、CFRP部材及び樹脂部材(または中間部材)の形状は、少なくとも接合箇所が板状であればよく、レーザ照射面側からみたとき、矩形状、円形状、楕円形状などいかなる形状でもよく、また、全体が板でなくともよい。例えば、曲げ加工、プレス加工、穴あけ加工等が施されていてもよく、断面ハット形の特定の形状にプレス成型等された部材のフランジ部等を含むものである。
本発明の接合方法で用いるレーザ接合装置は、特に限定されるものでなく、従来のレーザ接合装置を採用することができる。また、レーザ接合装置に、リモートレーザヘッドを用いることもできる。
レーザ接合方法では、レーザがガラスを透過して照射される場合(第1〜3の態様)、金属と樹脂部材、CFRP部材と樹脂部材(中間部材)とを重ね合わせ、樹脂部材(中間部材)のレーザ照射面側にガラスを配置して、レーザ出力を高くし、接合速度を速くして接合する。この際、レーザ出力2〜4kW、集光面積20〜60mm2、接合速度0.5〜5.0m/minの接合条件で行うことができ、従来に比べて非常に高速での接合が実現される。レーザが金属に照射される場合(第3の態様、第4の態様)も、レーザがガラスを透過して上記部材の接合をする場合と同等の条件を採用することができる。集光形状は矩形や楕円形等、特に限定されるものではない。また、接合速度が0.5m/min未満であれば、出力が低く樹脂の揮発量が少ないため、揮発した樹脂によるレーザ光への干渉は発生せず、金属またはCFRP部材と樹脂部材(中間部材)との接合ができる。接合速度が5m/minを超えると高出力なレーザが必要となり、そのような高出力のレーザを用いると樹脂部材または金属が熱による影響を受け、その特性が変化してしまうおそれがある。
まず、接合される金属は、板厚1.4mmの鋼板であり、接合される樹脂部材は、板厚2.0mmのPET樹脂であり、両者とも、図4における接合進行方向の幅aが30mm、接合進行方向に垂直方向の長さb1及びb2が150mmのものを用いた。ガラスは、直径φ54.6mm、板厚1.5mmの円形板状であり、反射防止膜を有する石英ガラスを用いた。そして、図4に示すように、鋼板の一部と樹脂部材の一部とを重ね、重なり部分の接合進行方向の幅aを30mmとし、重なり部分の接合進行方向と垂直方向の長さb3を45〜50mmとした。そして、重なり部分全体を覆うようにガラス板を樹脂部材上に載せ、レーザ光を照射できる間隔をあけて2つのクランプにて鋼板、樹脂部材及びガラスを密着固定した。
まず、接合されるCFRP部材は、板厚1.4mmの板であり、接合される樹脂部材は、板厚2.0mmのPET樹脂であり、両者とも、図4における接合進行方向の幅aが30mm、接合進行方向に垂直方向の長さb1及びb2が150mmのものを用いた。ガラスは、直径φ54.6mm、板厚1.5mmの円形板状であり、反射防止膜を有する石英ガラスを用いた。
まず、接合される金属は、板厚1.4mmの鋼板であり、接合されるCFRP部材は、板厚1.0mmの板であり、接合される樹脂よりなる中間部材は、板厚2.0mmのPET樹脂であり、図11における接合進行方向の幅aが30mm、接合進行方向に垂直方向の長さb1が45〜50mm、b2及びb3が150mmのものを用いた。
まず、接合される金属は、板厚1.4mmの鋼板であり、接合されるCFRP部材は、板厚1.0mmの板であり、接合される樹脂よりなる中間部材は、板厚1.0mmのPET樹脂であり、図11における接合進行方向の幅aが30mm、接合進行方向に垂直方向の長さb1が45〜50mm、b2及びb3が150mmのものを用いた。
1’ CFRP部材
2 樹脂部材、中間部材
3 クランプ
4 レーザ光
5 溶融部
6 接合部
7 ガラス
a 接合進行方向の幅
b1 樹脂の接合進行方向に垂直方向の長さ
b2 金属の接合進行方向に垂直方向の長さ
b3 重なり部分の接合進行方向と垂直方向の長さ
Claims (1)
- 樹脂よりなる中間部材を介して金属と炭素繊維強化樹脂部材とをレーザ光を照射して接合する方法において、
前記炭素繊維強化樹脂部材とレーザ光が透過する樹脂よりなる前記中間部材とを接合し
、次いで、当該中間部材と前記金属とを接合するものであり、
前記炭素繊維強化樹脂部材と前記中間部材との接合の際、前記炭素繊維強化樹脂部材に、前記中間部材とガラスを、この順で重ね合わせ、当該中間部材側から当該ガラスを介してレーザ光を当該炭素繊維強化樹脂部材と当該中間部材の重ね合わされた接合箇所に照射して、接合速度0.5m〜5.0m/minで接合し、
前記中間部材と前記金属の接合の際、前記中間部材の表面に、前記金属を重ね合わせ、接合箇所の金属表面にレーザ光を照射して当該金属を加熱して、接合速度0.5m〜5.0m/minで接合する
ことを特徴とする中間部材を介した金属と炭素繊維強化樹脂部材との接合方法。
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MX2017012081A (es) | 2018-02-19 |
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CN107428090B (zh) | 2019-12-03 |
CA2980530C (en) | 2020-06-16 |
CN107428090A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
RU2681637C1 (ru) | 2019-03-11 |
KR102132702B1 (ko) | 2020-07-13 |
US10654221B2 (en) | 2020-05-19 |
US20180086005A1 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
EP3278958A4 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
EP3278958A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
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