JP6799368B2 - 改質器のない燃料電池と組み合わせた装置および方法 - Google Patents
改質器のない燃料電池と組み合わせた装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6799368B2 JP6799368B2 JP2015154922A JP2015154922A JP6799368B2 JP 6799368 B2 JP6799368 B2 JP 6799368B2 JP 2015154922 A JP2015154922 A JP 2015154922A JP 2015154922 A JP2015154922 A JP 2015154922A JP 6799368 B2 JP6799368 B2 JP 6799368B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- manifold
- electrolyte membrane
- fuel cell
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8853—Electrodeposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8867—Vapour deposition
- H01M4/8871—Sputtering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9058—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC of noble metals or noble-metal based alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1233—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8689—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Description
酸素側:2O2(IL中に溶解)+2e−→O2*−(スーパーオキシド)
燃料側:CH4+2O2*−→CO2+2H2O+2e−
Claims (10)
- 改質器のない燃料電池と組み合わせた装置であって、燃料マニホールドおよび空気マニホールドを用いて組み立てて改質器のない燃料電池を形成するように構成された電解質膜を含み、ここで、前記燃料マニホールドは、ガス状、液状およびスラリー状の少なくとも1つの燃料供給から酸化可能な燃料を受け取るように構成され、ここで、前記空気マニホールドは少なくとも酸素を含む空気の供給から前記空気を受け取るように構成され、ここで、前記電解質膜は、前記改質器のない燃料電池が水の沸点を超える運転温度に曝露されるとき、イオン性スーパーオキシド形態の酸素を伝導するように構成され、前記酸素を前記酸化可能な燃料と電気化学的に結合させて電気を生成し、前記電解質膜は、
多孔性で電気的に非伝導性の基板と;
前記多孔性基板の燃料マニホールド側に沿って堆積させたアノード触媒層と;
前記多孔性基板の空気マニホールド側に沿って堆積させたカソード触媒層と;
前記電解質膜を形成するために、前記アノードおよびカソード触媒層間の前記多孔性基板に充填するイオン性液体とを含む装置。 - 前記イオン性液体が、少なくとも1個の炭素原子を有する分子を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記イオン性液体がフッ化イオン性液体を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記イオン性液体が、[エチル−メチル−イミダゾリウム]+、[ブチル−メチル−イミダゾリウム]+、[ホスホニウム]+および[エチル−メチル−ピロリジニウム]+の1つを含む陽イオン、ならびに[トリフルオロ−メタン−スルホナート]-、[ジシアナミド]-および[BF4]-の1つを含む陰イオンを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記アノード触媒層が、白金族金属、ルテニウム元素、ロジウム元素、パラジウム元素、オスミウム元素、イリジウム元素、白金元素、ニッケル元素、酸化ニッケル化合物、金元素、および銀元素の少なくとも1つを含み;
ここで、前記カソード触媒層は、白金族金属、ルテニウム元素、ロジウム元素、パラジウム元素、オスミウム元素、イリジウム元素、白金元素、ニッケル元素、酸化ニッケル化合物、金元素および銀元素の1つを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記アノード触媒層に対して配列されたアノード電極、および前記カソード触媒層に対して配列されたカソード電極を用いて、前記電解質膜が改質器のない燃料電池に組み立てられるように構成され、その結果、前記改質器のない燃料電池が水の沸点を超える運転温度に曝露された後、および、酸化可能な燃料が前記燃料マニホールドに供給され空気が前記空気マニホールドに供給された後、電気化学ポテンシャルが前記アノードおよびカソード電極の両端に発生し、対応する電流が前記アノードおよびカソード電極を通って移動する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記改質器のない燃料電池が500℃未満の運転温度に曝露されたとき、前記イオン性スーパーオキシド形態の酸素を伝導するように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- ガス状の酸化可能な燃料が、水素ガス、メタンガス、ブタンガス、プロパンガス、天然ガスおよびガス状炭化水素の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 改質器のない燃料電池と組み合わせた装置を製作する方法であって、
電気的に非伝導性の粒子から多孔性基板を形成するステップと;
前記多孔性基板の第1の側に沿ってアノード触媒層を堆積させるステップと;
前記多孔性基板の第2の側に沿ってカソード触媒層を堆積させるステップと;
前記アノードおよびカソード触媒層間の前記多孔性基板にイオン性液体を充填して、電解質膜の前記第1の側に対して燃料マニホールド、および前記電解質膜の前記第2の側に対して空気マニホールドを用いて組み立てられるように構成された前記電解質膜を形成して改質器のない燃料電池を形成するステップとを含み、
ここで、前記燃料マニホールドは、ガス状、液状およびスラリー状の少なくとも1つの燃料供給から酸化可能な燃料を受け取るように構成され、ここで、前記空気マニホールドは少なくとも酸素を含む空気の供給から前記空気を受け取るように構成され、ここで、前記電解質膜は、前記改質器のない燃料電池が水の沸点を超える運転温度に曝露されるとき、イオン性スーパーオキシド形態の酸素を伝導するように構成され、前記酸素を前記酸化可能な燃料と電気化学的に結合させて電気を生成する方法。 - 改質器のない燃料電池と組み合わせた装置を運転する方法であって、
改質器のない燃料電池を形成するために燃料マニホールドおよび空気マニホールドを用いて組み立てられた電解質膜を、水の沸点を超える運転温度に曝露するステップと;
ガス状、液状およびスラリー状の少なくとも1つの燃料供給から酸化可能な燃料を前記燃料マニホールドに供給するステップと;
少なくとも酸素を含む空気の供給から前記空気を空気マニホールドに供給するステップと;
イオン性スーパーオキシド形態の酸素を前記電解質膜に通して伝導して電気化学的に酸素を酸化可能な燃料と結合させて電気を生成するステップとを含み、
ここで、前記電解質膜は、電気的に非伝導性の粒子によって形成された多孔性基板と、前記多孔性基板の燃料マニホールド側に沿って堆積させたアノード触媒層と、前記多孔性基板の空気マニホールド側に沿って堆積させたカソード触媒層と、前記アノードおよびカソード触媒層間の多孔性基板に充填するイオン性液体とを含む方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/472,195 | 2014-08-28 | ||
US14/472,195 US10516181B2 (en) | 2014-08-28 | 2014-08-28 | Apparatus and method associated with reformer-less fuel cell |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2016051694A JP2016051694A (ja) | 2016-04-11 |
JP6799368B2 true JP6799368B2 (ja) | 2020-12-16 |
Family
ID=53900747
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015154922A Active JP6799368B2 (ja) | 2014-08-28 | 2015-08-05 | 改質器のない燃料電池と組み合わせた装置および方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10516181B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2991147B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6799368B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102258242B1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI686988B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10446861B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2019-10-15 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Flowing electrolyte fuel cell with improved performance and stability |
US11207640B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 | 2021-12-28 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | System and method for adjusting carbon dioxide concentration in indoor atmospheres |
US20230021737A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2023-01-26 | Lyten, Inc. | Carbon-enhanced fuel cells |
US11078578B2 (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2021-08-03 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | System and method for electrochemical separation of oxygen |
US20190267636A1 (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2019-08-29 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Enhancing catalyst activity of a pem fuel cell electrode with an ionic liquid additive |
USD965637S1 (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2022-10-04 | Dallas Fabian | Air manifold for a truck |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1114431A (en) | 1964-06-22 | 1968-05-22 | Prototech Inc | Fuel cell apparatus and method of operation thereof |
GB1143659A (ja) | 1966-04-04 | |||
US7459225B2 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2008-12-02 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Micro-machined fuel cells |
JP5145602B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-10 | 2013-02-20 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 導電体、及びこれを用いたエネルギーデバイス、燃料電池セル |
JP2007066764A (ja) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 膜電極接合体、および、これを用いた燃料電池 |
JP5002928B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-05 | 2012-08-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
US7799371B2 (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2010-09-21 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Extruding/dispensing multiple materials to form high-aspect ratio extruded structures |
US7765949B2 (en) | 2005-11-17 | 2010-08-03 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Extrusion/dispensing systems and methods |
IL172944A (en) * | 2006-01-02 | 2011-12-29 | Univ Ben Gurion | Membrane for fuel cells |
WO2009017147A1 (ja) * | 2007-08-02 | 2009-02-05 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | 燃料電池スタックおよび燃料電池システム |
US7938891B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2011-05-10 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Using ionic liquids |
US7938892B2 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2011-05-10 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Producing articles that include ionic liquids |
US7938890B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2011-05-10 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Separating gas using immobilized buffers |
US8389165B2 (en) | 2008-11-29 | 2013-03-05 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Printed fuel cell with integrated gas channels |
JP2010251219A (ja) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-11-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム、燃料電池システムの運転方法 |
US8481207B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2013-07-09 | Arizona Board Of Regents | Metal-air room-temperature ionic liquid electrochemical cell with liquid fuel |
-
2014
- 2014-08-28 US US14/472,195 patent/US10516181B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-08-05 TW TW104125474A patent/TWI686988B/zh active
- 2015-08-05 JP JP2015154922A patent/JP6799368B2/ja active Active
- 2015-08-11 KR KR1020150113522A patent/KR102258242B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-08-13 EP EP15180968.8A patent/EP2991147B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10516181B2 (en) | 2019-12-24 |
KR20160026694A (ko) | 2016-03-09 |
TWI686988B (zh) | 2020-03-01 |
JP2016051694A (ja) | 2016-04-11 |
US20160064763A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
TW201608755A (zh) | 2016-03-01 |
EP2991147B1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
EP2991147A1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
KR102258242B1 (ko) | 2021-06-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Paul et al. | PEM unitised reversible/regenerative hydrogen fuel cell systems: State of the art and technical challenges | |
Wang et al. | A review on unitized regenerative fuel cell technologies, part B: Unitized regenerative alkaline fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell, and microfluidic fuel cell | |
JP6799368B2 (ja) | 改質器のない燃料電池と組み合わせた装置および方法 | |
Bhosale et al. | Preparation methods of membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and unitized regenerative fuel cells: A review | |
US6666961B1 (en) | High differential pressure electrochemical cell | |
Huang et al. | Ionomer optimization for water uptake and swelling in anion exchange membrane electrolyzer: oxygen evolution electrode | |
EP1537617A2 (en) | Fuel cell electrode | |
JP7152032B2 (ja) | 電気化学電池及びその使用方法 | |
JP6460987B2 (ja) | 水の電気分解のための複合電極 | |
Siddiqui et al. | Development and performance evaluation of a direct ammonia fuel cell stack | |
CN114391052A (zh) | 制氢装置 | |
Phillips et al. | Alkaline electrolysers | |
JP6998797B2 (ja) | 有機ハイドライド製造装置、有機ハイドライドの製造方法およびエネルギー輸送方法 | |
Ma et al. | Direct borohydride fuel cells—current status, issues, and future directions | |
JP2003308869A (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
US11228051B2 (en) | Electrochemical cell and method of using same | |
US20230178781A1 (en) | Alkaline membrane fuel cell assembly comprising a thin membrane and method of making same | |
Jafari et al. | Low temperature electrochemical production of hydrogen using membranes | |
Hassan | Durability Enhancement of Anion Exchange Membrane Based Fuel Cells (AEMFCs) and Water Electrolyzers (AEMELs) by Understanding Degradation Mechanisms | |
Jabbar et al. | Performance and Durability of Metal SOFCs in Alternate Fuels | |
Reyes-Rodríguez et al. | Recent contributions in the development of fuel cell technologies | |
Lagarteira | Electrochemical technologies for renewable energy storage | |
王瑞祥 et al. | Clarification of the effect of electrode structure and electrolyte solution on the water transport in the membrane during anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with cathode dry operation | |
KR20240051841A (ko) | 수전해 장치용 확산 전극의 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 확산 전극을 구비하는 양이온 교환막 수전해 장치 | |
KR20130085327A (ko) | 연료전지용 스택 및 이를 채용한 연료 전지 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
RD03 | Notification of appointment of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7423 Effective date: 20150814 |
|
RD04 | Notification of resignation of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424 Effective date: 20150817 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20180724 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20190627 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20190626 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20200227 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20200520 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20201021 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20201120 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6799368 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |