JP6797685B2 - グラフェンで覆われた電極を含む電気化学セル - Google Patents
グラフェンで覆われた電極を含む電気化学セル Download PDFInfo
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- JP6797685B2 JP6797685B2 JP2016526181A JP2016526181A JP6797685B2 JP 6797685 B2 JP6797685 B2 JP 6797685B2 JP 2016526181 A JP2016526181 A JP 2016526181A JP 2016526181 A JP2016526181 A JP 2016526181A JP 6797685 B2 JP6797685 B2 JP 6797685B2
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C01B32/186—Preparation by chemical vapour deposition [CVD]
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- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
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- C01C1/086—Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances from urea
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/23—Oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Description
0.5MのK2CO3が存在するディーゼル排気液(DEF、32.5%の高純度尿素(AUS32)および67.5%の脱イオン水)100mlが作られ、100mlのビーカーに移された。溶液の体積を一定に保つために、蒸発による損失を補うためにDEFが周期的に加えられた。グラフェンコートニッケル電極は、以下のように作製された。2cm×2cmのグラフェンは、実験においてカソードおよびアノードの双方に使用される、サンドブラスターで処理されたNiホイル表面上に移された。Niホイル電極のグラフェンで覆われない部分は、テープでマスクされた。尿素からアンモニアへの電解加水分解実験の間、溶液は80℃に保たれ、溶液のpHが時間に対して測定された。1.55Vのセル電圧が、カソードおよびアノードに与えられ、電位が2秒毎に切り替えられた。40分毎に、0.5mLの溶液のサンプルが取り出され、100mlに希釈され、アンモニアおよびニッケルに関して分析された。アンモニアの濃度は、アンモニアイオン選択性電極を用いて測定された。ビーカーから蒸発したアンモニアは、物質収支において考慮されない。Niの濃度は、原子吸光分光法(AAS)を用いて測定された。4時間の実験の後、ビーカーが熱源から取り出され、室温に冷却され、その後pHの値が測定された。4時間の電気分解実験が、3日の間、各々の日に実施された。比較実験では、サンドブラスター表面処理が施されていない、グラフェンコートNiホイル電極、およびコーティングされていないニッケルホイル電極が用いられた。
13 第1の電極
15 第2の電極
17 電解質媒体
18 セパレータ
19 電圧源
25 活性触媒材料
27 グラフェンコーティング
60 装置
62 還元ガス源
64 石英管
66 真空ポンプ
68 管用炉
70 第1の基材
74 第2の基材
76 加熱領域
Claims (15)
- 活性触媒材料の層、および活性触媒材料の層を少なくとも部分的に覆うグラフェンコーティングを含む、第1の電極と、
導電体を含む、第2の電極と、
第1の電極および第2の電極と電気分解に関係して連通する電解質媒体と、
電気化学反応を受けることができる化学物質と、
第1の電極および第2の電極と電気分解に関係して連通する電圧源と、
を含む、電気化学セル。 - 第1の電極が、白金メッシュ、白金ホイル、金メッシュ、金ホイル、タンタルメッシュ、タンタルホイル、白金スポンジ、イリジウムスポンジ、導電性金属と一体化された炭素支持体、Niホイル、Tiホイル、グラファイト、炭素繊維、カーボンペーパー、ガラス状炭素、カーボンナノファイバ、およびカーボンナノチューブからなる群から選択される支持材料をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 活性触媒材料が、白金、イリジウム、ロジウム、ルビジウム、ルテニウム、レニウム、パラジウム、金、銀、ニッケル、鉄、コバルト、銅、亜鉛、クロム、タンタル、ガリウム、カドミウム、インジウム、タリウム、すず、鉛、ビスマス、銀、水銀、ニオブ、バナジウム、マンガン、アルミニウム、ヒ素、セレン、アンチモン、チタン、タングステン、ラネー金属、炭素鋼、ステンレス鋼、グラファイト、およびそれらの混合物、およびそれらの合金からなる群から選択される物質を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 請求項1の電気化学セルの第1の電極を作製する方法であって、
グラフェンコーティングを調製する段階と、
活性触媒材料の少なくとも一部をグラフェンコーティングで覆う段階と、を含む方法。 - グラフェンコーティングを調製する段階が、
電解炭を、還元ガス流の流れの存在下で、グラファイトを形成するのに有効な温度に加熱する段階であって、還元ガス流が銅基材の表面上にグラフェンを堆積する、加熱段階と、
銅基材を溶解する段階と、
を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。 - グラフェンコーティングで覆う前に、活性触媒材料の表面が粗面化される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の電気化学セルで電気化学反応を実施する方法であって、
電解質媒体の存在下で第1の電極を化学物質に接触させる段階と、
第1の電極と第2の電極との間に電気化学反応を実施するのに有効な電圧差を与える段階と、を含む方法。 - 電解質媒体が、0.1Mから5Mの濃度の水酸化物を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 電解質媒体が、水酸化物塩、炭酸塩、重炭酸塩、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 電解質媒体が、pH中性電解質溶液を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 化学物質が、アルコール、尿素、アンモニア、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 尿素の電解加水分解によってアンモニアを製造する方法であって、
電解槽に電圧差を与える段階を含み、
電解槽は、
活性触媒材料の層、および活性触媒材料の層を少なくとも部分的に覆うグラフェンコーティングを含む、第1の電極と、
導電体を含む、第2の電極と、
第1の電極および第2の電極と電気分解に関係して連通する電解質媒体と、
尿素と、
第1の電極および第2の電極と電気分解に関係して連通する電圧源とを含み、
第1の電極および第2の電極にわたって電圧差が与えられ、前記電圧差は尿素を電解加水分解してアンモニアの生成を生じさせるのに十分なものである、方法。 - 電解質媒体が、炭酸塩を含み、10から7の範囲のpHを有する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 支持材料と、
支持材料表面の少なくとも一部を覆う活性触媒材料の層と、
活性触媒材料の層の少なくとも一部を覆うグラフェンコーティングと、を含み、
支持材料が、白金メッシュ、白金ホイル、金メッシュ、金ホイル、タンタルメッシュ、タンタルホイル、白金スポンジ、イリジウムスポンジ、導電性金属と一体化された炭素支持体、Niホイル、Tiホイル、グラファイト、炭素繊維、カーボンペーパー、ガラス状炭素、カーボンナノファイバ、およびカーボンナノチューブからなる群から選択され、
活性触媒材料が、金属オキシ水酸化物を含む、電極。 - 活性触媒材料が、白金、イリジウム、ロジウム、ルビジウム、ルテニウム、レニウム、パラジウム、金、銀、ニッケル、鉄、コバルト、銅、亜鉛、クロム、タンタル、ガリウム、カドミウム、インジウム、タリウム、すず、鉛、ビスマス、銀、水銀、ニオブ、バナジウム、マンガン、アルミニウム、ヒ素、セレン、アンチモン、チタン、タングステン、ラネー金属、炭素鋼、ステンレス鋼、グラファイト、およびそれらの混合物、およびそれらの合金からなる群から選択される物質を含む、請求項14に記載の電極。
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