JP6766036B2 - 発作および他の中枢神経系障害および状態の処置のための化合物 - Google Patents
発作および他の中枢神経系障害および状態の処置のための化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6766036B2 JP6766036B2 JP2017516012A JP2017516012A JP6766036B2 JP 6766036 B2 JP6766036 B2 JP 6766036B2 JP 2017516012 A JP2017516012 A JP 2017516012A JP 2017516012 A JP2017516012 A JP 2017516012A JP 6766036 B2 JP6766036 B2 JP 6766036B2
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- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
- C07D207/263—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/27—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/4015—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. piracetam, ethosuximide
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
本出願は、同時係属中の米国仮特許出願第62/006,515号(2014年6月2日出願、その内容は、それら全体において本明細書に参考として援用される)の優先権の利益を主張する。
本出願は、例えば、癲癇、発作、および/または他の中枢神経系障害もしくは状態の処置のための、ケトン強化抗癲癇薬物に結合されるケトンの代謝的生成をもたらす部分を含む新規化合物、これら化合物を含む組成物、ならびにそれらの使用に関する。
癲癇は、人々に発作を起こしやすくする神経学的状態である。発作は、脳における短い電気的障害によってもたらされる知覚、意識(awareness)、もしくは行動の変化である。発作は、瞬間的な感覚破壊(momentary disruption of the senses)から、短期間の無意識もしくはひとしきり凝視することまで、痙攣まで変動する(非特許文献1:Fisher et al., Epilepsia 46: 470−472, 2005)。ある人々は、発作の1タイプのみを有する。他の人々は、1より多くのタイプを有する。全ての発作は、同じこと:脳の細胞が電気シグナルをどのようにして互いに送るかにおける突然の変化、によって引き起こされる。
ケトン強化抗癲癇薬物に結合されるケトンの代謝的生成をもたらす部分を含む化合物は、本出願の研究において調製および特徴付けされた。
ここで
Aは、ケトン強化抗癲癇薬物であり;そして
R1は、C4−15アルキル、C4−15アルケニル、C3−10シクロアルキレンC1−10アルキル、C5−10シクロアルケニレンC1−10アルキル、C3−10シクロアルキレンC2−10アルケニルもしくはC5−10シクロアルケニレンC2−10アルケニルである、
化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩、溶媒和物および/もしくはプロドラッグを含む。
ここで
R1は、式Iの化合物について定義されるとおりであり;そして
R2およびR3は、H、C1−8アルキルおよびC2−8アルケニルから各々独立して選択されるか;または
R2およびR3は、これらが結合される炭素原子と一緒になって、C3−10シクロアルカンもしくはC5−10シクロアルケンを形成する、
化合物またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩、溶媒和物および/もしくはプロドラッグである。
ここで
nおよびmは、各々独立して、0、1、2もしくは3であり;
R1は、式Iの化合物について定義されるとおりであり;そして
R4およびR5は、H、C1−8アルキルおよびC2−8アルケニルから各々独立して選択されるか;または
R4およびR5は、これらが結合される炭素原子と一緒になって、C3−10シクロアルカンもしくはC5−10シクロアルケンを形成する、
化合物またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩、溶媒和物および/もしくはプロドラッグである。
I.定義
別段示されなければ、この節および他の節において記載される定義および実施形態は、ここで記載される本出願の全ての実施形態および局面に適用可能であると解釈され、これらに関して定義および実施形態は、当業者によって理解されるように適切である。
ケトン強化抗癲癇薬物に結合されるケトンの代謝的生成をもたらす部分を含む化合物は、本出願の研究において調製および特徴付けされた。
ここで
Aは、ケトン強化抗癲癇薬物であり;そして
R1は、C4−15アルキル、C4−15アルケニル、C3−10シクロアルキレンC1−10アルキル、C5−10シクロアルケニレンC1−10アルキル、C3−10シクロアルキレンC2−10アルケニルもしくはC5−10シクロアルケニレンC2−10アルケニルである、
化合物またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩、溶媒和物および/もしくはプロドラッグを含む。
ここで
R1は、式Iの化合物について定義されるとおりであり;そして
R2およびR3は、H、C1−8アルキルおよびC2−8アルケニルから各々独立して選択されるか;または
R2およびR3は、これらが結合される炭素原子と一緒になって、C3−10シクロアルカンもしくはC5−10シクロアルケンを形成する、
化合物またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩、溶媒和物および/もしくはプロドラッグである。
ここで
nおよびmは、各々独立して、0、1、2もしくは3であり;
R1は、式Iの化合物について定義されるとおりであり;そして
R4およびR5は、H、C1−8アルキルおよびC2−8アルケニルから各々独立して選択されるか;または
R4およびR5は、これらが結合される炭素原子と一緒になって、C3−10シクロアルカンもしくはC5−10シクロアルケンを形成する、
化合物またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩、溶媒和物および/もしくはプロドラッグである。
本出願はまた、本出願の1種以上の化合物およびキャリアを含む組成物を包含する。本出願の化合物は、インビボでの投与に適した生物学的に適合性の形態で、被験体への投与のための薬学的組成物へと適切に製剤化される。よって、本出願はさらに、本出願の1種以上の化合物および薬学的に受容可能なキャリアを含む薬学的組成物を包含する。
本出願の化合物は新しく、従って、本出願は、単独であろうが、別の薬学的活性成分との組み合わせであろうが、治療法、診断アッセイにおける使用、および研究ツールとしての使用を含む本出願の化合物に関する全ての使用を包含する。
(a)2−(1−(ヘキサンアミドメチル)シクロヘキシル)酢酸(化合物1)の合成
I.材料および方法
雄性の、実験上ナイーブなCD−1マウスを、これら実験において使用した。薬物もしくはビヒクル予備処置後の規定された時間で、全てのマウスに、生理食塩水で湿らせた角膜電極(ECT unit 57800; Ugo Basile)を介して、電気刺激を与えた(6Hz、0.2ミリ秒パルス幅、3秒継続時間、32mA)。予備実験から、これら刺激パラメーターは、以下の行動のうちの少なくとも1つの発現として定義される精神運動発作を誘起することが確立された:コントロール動物のうちの>95%において、失神/不動(immobility)、前肢のクローヌス、挙尾、左右の頭部動揺。保護を、刺激送達の20秒以内に上記の行動全てが完全にないとして定義した。コントロールのうちの50%に、精神運動発作に対して保護するために必要な化合物の有効用量(すなわち、ED50)を、曲線フィッティングプログラムによって決定した。
図1で認められ得るように、化合物4の予備処置(150〜600mg/kg IP; 1時間予備処置)は、発作の発生率において用量相関性減少(dose−related decrease)を生じ、その結果、600mg/kg IPにおいて化合物4で処置された全てのマウスは、保護された。比較すると、ビヒクル(Veh)で処置したマウスでは、全てのマウスは、6−Hz刺激後に発作があった。600mg/kgにおいて化合物4での経口予備処置後のマウスは、保護されなかった。
I.方法
雄性マウス(体重20〜40g)を、全ての研究に使用した。マウスを、以下の4つの発作試験のうちの1つで使用した:最大電気ショック発作(MES)試験、ペンチレンテトラゾール皮下注射(scPTZ)試験、6Hz刺激によって誘発される発作(6Hz)、および角膜キンドリングによる発作。単一の試験が全ての公知の抗痙攣薬物(AED)を検出しないが、全ての現在公知のAEDがこれら試験のうちの少なくとも1つにおいて活性(すなわち、発作を防止する)として検出されるので、これら試験を選択した。被験体を、試験薬物もしくはビヒクルコントロールのいずれかで処置した後の規定された時間に続いて、上記4つの発作試験のうちの1つにおいて試験した。経口経路、皮下経路もしくは腹腔内経路のいずれかによって試験薬物もしくはビヒクルを投与した後に、上記動物を、以下で概説する方法(1〜4)のうちの1つに従って試験した。代表的には、予備処置時間は60分間であったが、いくつかの場合には、これは、30分から4時間まで変動した。角膜キンドリングモデルを除いて、いったん上記動物が発作に入ったか、または発作からの保護を示す所定の時間を経たら、エンドポイントに達したことから上記動物を直ぐに安楽死させた。
雄性CD−1マウスに、生理食塩水で湿らせた角膜電極(shock stimulator type 221; Harvard apparatus)を介して最大電気ショック(45mA、0.2秒継続時間、60Hz)を与えた。この刺激強度は、コントロール動物のうちの>95%において完全強直発作を誘起するはずである。保護は、刺激送達の15秒以内に完全強直発作が存在しないとして定義される。薬物効力を確証するために、試験薬物もしくはビヒクルを、上記MES試験の前の規定された時点で、別個の実験群へと投与した。いったん上記エンドポイントを迎えたら、上記実験を直ぐに終了させた。
雄性CD−1マウスに、ペンチレンテトラゾール(PTZ:85mg/kg)の1回の皮下注射を与えた。PTZのこの用量は、コントロール動物のうちの>95%において間代性発作を誘起するはずである。PTZ注射後に、上記動物を、1つの観察ケージに直ぐに移し、連続して30分間観察した。薬物効力を確証するために、試験薬物もしくはビヒクルを、上記PTZ投与の前の規定された時点で、別個の実験群に投与した。その後の発作に対する処置の効果を示した。保護は、30分の観察期間にわたって間代性発作(前肢のクローヌスが挙げられる)が完全に存在しないとして定義される。発作の事象において、PTZ注射からの開始潜時を記録した。いったん上記エンドポイントを迎えたら、または保護の場合には30分間の試験期間の完了時に、上記実験を直ぐに終了させた。
雄性CD−1マウスに、生理食塩水で湿らせた角膜電極(ECT unit 57800; Ugo Basile)を介して、電気刺激(6Hz、0.2ミリ秒パルス幅、3秒継続時間、32mA)を与えた。これら刺激パラメーターは、刺激送達の30秒以内にコントロール動物のうちの>95%において、以下の行動:失神/不動、前肢のクローヌス、挙尾、洞毛の振戦、左右の頭部動揺、のうちの少なくとも1つの発現として定義される精神運動発作を誘起するはずである。薬物効力を確証するために、試験薬物もしくはビヒクルを、上記6Hz試験の前の規定された時点で、別個の実験群に投与した。その後の発作に対する処置の効果を示した。保護は、刺激送達の20秒以内に上記の行動全てが完全に存在しないとして定義される。いったん上記エンドポイントを迎えたら、上記実験を直ぐに終了させた。
雄性CD−1マウス(体重20〜40g)を、これらの研究に使用した。以下の手順:(1)キンドリング発生相、(2)キンドリング安定/持続相、および(3)薬物試験相への3相がある。
雄性マウスに、生理食塩水で湿らせた角膜電極(shock stimulator type 221; Harvard apparatus)を介して、軽度の電気ショック(マウス:3mA、3秒継続時間、60Hz)を与えた。この刺激強度は、発作を初期には誘起せず、むしろ軽度の行動応答(例えば、短い(<5秒)不動、凝視)を誘起するはずである。マウスに、最少4時間の期間程度離して1日あたり2回(すなわち、午前の刺激および午後の刺激)、毎日、25日間までにわたって、このような刺激を与えた。およそ15日間の期間にわたって、上記動物は、刺激後およそ30秒間にわたる短い運動発作によって典型的に表される一過性の行動変化を発生させた。これら進行性の行動変化を、Racine(1972)によって確立された尺度、すなわち、
0=反応なしもしくは不動
1=顎のクローヌス
2=前肢におけるミオクローヌス攣縮、ときおり、点頭発作(head nodding)と関連
3=前肢に限定された間代痙攣
4=後肢での立ち上がりおよび転倒を伴う前肢における間代痙攣
5=即座の平衡喪失と関連する全身性の間代痙攣
に従って評価した。
薬物試験の前に、キンドリングした状態の持続性および安定の評価を行った。これは、試験被験体に、記載されるとおりの上記1日2回の刺激プロトコルを再開する前に刺激なしを最低2日間(最大10日間)与えることによって達成した。4連続のステージ3〜5の発作をこの時点で示したマウスを、持続性かつ安定なキンドリングした状態を有し、第3相における薬物試験の準備ができているとみなした。この第2相の10回のセッションまでに4連続のステージ3〜5の発作を示さなかったマウスを、上記研究から除去し、安楽死させた。
薬物試験を、反復測定デザインを使用して行い、マウスには、釣り合いのとれた順序で、試験薬物およびコントロール処置の最大4用量を与えた。薬物試験日は、2〜3日間隔で行い、その間の日には刺激を与えなかった。薬物試験日に、午前の刺激の前にビヒクル注射を行い、午後の刺激の前に薬物注射を行った。各刺激に関しては、上記キンドリングスコアを、Racine(1972)評価尺度に従って評価した。試験化合物もしくはビヒクルを、経口経路、皮下経路もしくは腹腔内経路のいずれかによって投与した。代表的には、上記予備処置時間は、1時間であった。
図7〜10は、上記の発作試験における試験化合物20の結果を示す。図7〜10において認められ得るように、化合物20でのマウスの予備処置は、ビヒクルコントロールと比較して、発作を低減した。
Claims (23)
- R1は、C6−12アルキルまたはC3−8シクロアルキレンC1−8アルキルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1は、n−ペンチル、n−ヘキシル、n−ヘプチル、n−オクチル、n−ノニル、n−デシル、n−ウンデシル、3−メチルヘプチル、1−プロピルブチル、3−エチルヘプチルおよび4−ブチルシクロヘキシルから選択される、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- R1は、n−ヘプチル、n−オクチル、n−ノニル、3−エチルヘプチルおよび4−ブチルシクロヘキシルから選択される、請求項3に記載の化合物。
- R2は、Hであり、R3は、C1−8アルキルである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- R2は、Hであり、R3は、C1−4アルキルである、請求項5に記載の化合物。
- R2は、Hであり、R3は、エチルである、請求項6に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の化合物またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩および/もしくは溶媒和物、ならびに薬学的に受容可能なキャリアを含む、薬学的組成物。
- 必要性のある被験体において癲癇を処置するための請求項15に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 必要性のある被験体において癲癇を処置するための医薬の調製のための、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の化合物またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩および/もしくは溶媒和物の使用。
- 必要性のある被験体において非癲癇性発作、認知機能障害、認知機能、不安および慢性疼痛から選択されるCNS疾患、障害もしくは状態を処置するための請求項15に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 必要性のある被験体において非癲癇性発作、認知機能障害、認知機能、不安および慢性疼痛から選択されるCNS疾患、障害もしくは状態を処置するための医薬の調製のための、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の化合物またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩および/もしくは溶媒和物の使用。
- 前記被験体は、哺乳動物である、請求項16又は18に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記哺乳動物は、ヒトである、請求項20に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記哺乳動物は、コンパニオンアニマルである、請求項20に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記哺乳動物は、家畜である、請求項20に記載の薬学的組成物。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201462006515P | 2014-06-02 | 2014-06-02 | |
US62/006,515 | 2014-06-02 | ||
PCT/CA2015/050507 WO2015184542A1 (en) | 2014-06-02 | 2015-06-02 | Compounds for the treatment of seizures and other central nervous system disorders and conditions |
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US6149924A (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 2000-11-21 | Biomed Research & Technologies, Inc. | Composition for enhancing lipid production, barrier function, hydrogen peroxide neutralization, and moisturization of the skin |
AU2002245486B2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2006-11-16 | Ucb Pharma, S.A. | Treatment of tics, tremors and related disorders |
AU2005281359A1 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2006-03-16 | Apparao Satyam | Prodrugs and codrugs containing novel bio-cleavable disulfide linkers |
RU2329804C2 (ru) * | 2006-03-28 | 2008-07-27 | Валентина Ивановна Ахапкина | Вещество, обладающее нейротропной - нейромодуляторной активностью |
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ES2589915T3 (es) * | 2008-10-08 | 2016-11-17 | Xgene Pharmaceutical Inc | Conjugados de GABA y métodos de utilización de los mismos |
CA2783016C (en) | 2009-08-26 | 2017-10-24 | Frank's International, Inc. | Apparatus for and method of securing a centralizer to a tubular |
WO2012161798A1 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-11-29 | Catabasis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Fatty acid gamma aminobutyric acid (gaba) conjugates and their uses |
JP2015526385A (ja) * | 2012-05-08 | 2015-09-10 | セリックスビオ プライヴェート リミテッド | てんかんの治療のための組成物及び方法 |
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BR112016028231A2 (pt) | 2017-08-22 |
US9481637B2 (en) | 2016-11-01 |
IL249314A0 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
EA201650139A1 (ru) | 2017-07-31 |
WO2015184542A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
ZA201700037B (en) | 2019-04-24 |
US20170044095A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
AU2019268209A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 |
IL249314B (en) | 2021-02-28 |
EP3148969A1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
EP3148969A4 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
US20150344413A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
MX2016015767A (es) | 2017-12-14 |
JP2017522367A (ja) | 2017-08-10 |
EP3148969B1 (en) | 2020-11-11 |
AU2019268209B2 (en) | 2021-03-11 |
CA2950788C (en) | 2022-10-04 |
KR20170048313A (ko) | 2017-05-08 |
CA2950788A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
EA035190B1 (ru) | 2020-05-12 |
AU2015271606A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
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