JP6759764B2 - Energized heating panel and vehicle - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an energization heating panel provided with a heat-generating conductor portion that generates heat by Joule heat when energized, and a vehicle provided with the energization heating panel.

Conventionally, as described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, the glass windows of vehicles such as automobiles, railways, aircraft, and ships, and the glass windows of buildings are heated by energizing to freeze the glass windows. There is a technology to eliminate fogging. Such a glass window is configured by providing a heating electrode device between two glass plates. The heating electrode device has a pair of bus bar electrodes arranged apart from each other and a heating conductor arranged so as to pass between the pair of bus bar electrodes, and connects a power source to the pair of bus bar electrodes. As a result, the heat-generating conductor can be energized, and the heat-generating conductor can be heated to heat the glass window.

As such a pattern of heat-generating conductors, there are a form in which a plurality of linear heat-generating conductors are arranged and a form of a mesh-shaped heat-generating conductor.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-72674 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-207718 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-56811

Such an energizing heating panel is used for a glass window or the like as described above. At this time, the glass window is not necessarily rectangular, but may be trapezoidal, for example. Then, the deicing time differs depending on the in-plane portion, and uneven deicing time may become a problem.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an energized heating panel with less unevenness in deicing time depending on an in-plane portion. Also provided is a vehicle equipped with this energizing heating panel.

The present invention will be described below. Reference numerals in the drawings are added here for ease of understanding, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

One aspect of the present invention is an energized heating panel (10) that energizes and heats the panels (11, 15), and includes a plurality of heat-generating conductor portions (22, 23) having a predetermined range of heat generated by energization. However, the plurality of heat generating conductors are energized heating panels having different heat generation amounts.

The above-mentioned energizing heating panel is trapezoidal in a plan view, and a plurality of heat generating conductors are arranged in a range where one of them is sandwiched between the upper and lower bases of the trapezoid, and the other heat generating conductors include legs. It may be placed in a range.

Further, the heat-generating conductor portion may have a mesh shape, and the heat-generating conductor portions may have different heat generation amounts due to the difference in the aperture ratio of the mesh.

A vehicle including the above-mentioned energizing heating panel can be provided.

According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the unevenness of the deicing time depending on the in-plane portion of the energized heating panel.

It is a top view explaining the energization heating panel 10 which concerns on one form. It is a top view explaining the form of the 1st heat generating conductor part 22. It is a top view explaining the form of the 2nd heat generating conductor part 23. It is sectional drawing explaining the layer structure of the energization heating panel 10. 5 (a) to 5 (d) are views for explaining a method of manufacturing the energization heating panel 10.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these forms. In addition, each member appearing in the drawing may be exaggerated or deformed in size or shape from the viewpoint of easy understanding. In addition, the repeated reference numerals may be omitted for the sake of readability.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating one form, and is a conceptual diagram in which the energization heating panel 10 is viewed in a plan view. Further, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the portion shown by II in FIG. 1, which is an enlarged view of a part of the first heat generating conductor portion 22. Further, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of the second heat-generating conductor portion 23, which is an enlargement of the portion shown in FIG. 1 and III.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV shown in FIG. 2, and is a diagram for explaining the layer structure of the energization heating panel 10 in the thickness direction.

Such an energizing heating panel 10 is provided in an automobile as, for example, a windshield of the automobile. In addition, it can be used as a transparent opening member (so-called window) in a place having a transparent opening such as a so-called glass window or a glass door, for example, the above-mentioned automobile, railroad vehicle, aircraft, ship, spacecraft. Such as windows of vehicles, openings such as doors, and openings such as windows and doors of various buildings. It can also be used as a window material (surface protection plate) for traffic signals, electronic signboards and electronic advertisements, a window material (surface protection plate) for lighting devices provided outside various vehicles such as automobile headlights.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 4, the energization heating panel 10 has a plate shape as a whole, and a plurality of layers are laminated in the thickness direction (Z-axis direction shown in FIGS. 1 to 4). In the present embodiment, the energization heating panel 10 has a trapezoidal shape in a plan view, and is an isosceles trapezoidal shape having a short upper base above the paper surface of FIG. 1 and a long lower bottom below the paper surface of FIG. Such a shape conforms to the shape of the opening in which the energizing heating panel 10 is arranged.
More specifically, in the energization heating panel 10 of the present embodiment, the laminated structure in the thickness direction is the first panel 11, the adhesive layer 12, the heating electrode device 20, the adhesive layer 14, and the second as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. It is configured to have a panel 15. Each will be described below.

The first panel 11 and the second panel 15 are transparent trapezoidal plate-shaped members having translucency, and are arranged substantially in parallel with a space between the plate surfaces arranged so as to face each other. ing. It is a so-called double panel structure. Here, the plate surface is, in FIG. 4, two opposing planes parallel to the XY plane among the surfaces of the first panel 11 and the second panel 15. A part of the heating electrode device 20 is arranged between the first panel 11 and the second panel 15, and is integrated by the adhesive layers 12 and 14.
The first panel 11 and the second panel 15 can be made of flat glass. For this, the same flat glass as that normally used for windows in equipment to which the energization heating panel 10 is applied (for example, a vehicle or a building) can be used. Examples thereof include ordinary plate glass made of soda lime glass (blue plate glass), borosilicate glass (white plate glass), quartz glass, soda glass, potash glass and the like, float plate glass, tempered plate glass, partial plate glass and the like. Further, if necessary, it may have a curved portion in a three-dimensional curved surface.
However, it does not necessarily have to be a glass plate, and may be a resin plate made of a resin such as an acrylic resin or a polycarbonate resin. However, flat glass is preferable from the viewpoint of weather resistance, heat resistance, transparency and the like.
The thickness of the first panel 11 and the second panel 15 is not particularly limited, but is generally 1.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less.

The adhesive layer 12 is a layer made of an adhesive laminated on the surface of the first panel 11 on the side of the second panel 15, and adheres the base material layer 25 of the heating electrode device 20 to the first panel 11. The adhesive is not particularly limited, but a polyvinyl butyral resin can be used from the viewpoints of adhesiveness, weather resistance, heat resistance and the like.
The thickness of the adhesive layer 12 is not particularly limited, but is generally 0.2 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less.

The heating electrode device 20 is configured to generate heat when energized to heat the energized heating panel 10.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, the heating electrode device 20 has a bus bar electrode 21, a first heat generating conductor portion 22, a second heating conductor portion 23, a power supply connection wiring 24, and a base material layer 25. There is. For convenience, the base material layer 25 will be described first here.

In the base material layer 25, the bus bar electrode 21, the first heat generating conductor portion 22, and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 of the heating electrode device 20, in particular, are arranged on one surface of the bus bar electrode 21, the first heat generating conductor portion 23. This layer functions as a base material for the conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23. The base material layer 25 is a transparent plate-shaped member and is made of resin. The resin forming the base material layer 25 may be any resin as long as it transmits a wavelength in the visible light wavelength band (380 nm to 780 nm), but a thermoplastic resin can be preferably used. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate and amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (A-PET), polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene and cyclic polyolefin, and acrylic resins such as polymethylmethacrylate. , Cellulous resins such as triacetyl cellulose (cellulose triacetate), polycarbonate resins, polystyrenes, styrene resins such as acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, and the like. In particular, acrylic resin and polyvinyl chloride are preferable because they are excellent in etching resistance, weather resistance, and light resistance. The thickness of the base material layer 25 is generally 20 μm or more and 300 μm or less. As the resin layer constituting the base material layer 25, a uniaxially or biaxially stretched resin layer is used, if necessary.

In the present embodiment, the bus bar electrode 21 is formed of the first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b. The first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b each have a band shape extending in one direction (X-axis direction in FIG. 1), and the first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b have a distance and are in the same direction. It is arranged so as to extend (almost parallel to). In this embodiment, the first bus bar electrode 21a is arranged along the upper bottom of the trapezoidal first panel 11 and the second panel, and the second bus bar electrode 21b is arranged along the lower bottom.
Known forms can be applied to such a first bus bar electrode 21a and a second bus bar electrode 21b, and the width (size in the Y-axis direction) of the strip-shaped electrode is generally 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less. ..

The first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 each have a predetermined area and shape range within the plate surface of the first panel 11, the second panel 15, or the base material layer 25, and have a range of predetermined areas and shapes. The first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b are arranged so as to extend in a direction intersecting the two bus bar electrodes 21a and 21b (Y-axis direction in FIG. 1) so as to pass through the second bus bar electrode 21b. The first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b are electrically connected by the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23. The first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 generate heat when energized.

The first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 have the following shapes. As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, in the first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 of the present embodiment, the conductors 22a and 23a have the plan-view shape (Z in the figure in which the normal direction of the plate surface is the direction). It means the shape observed from the axial direction) is formed by a mesh shape. Therefore, the openings 22b and 23b are formed in the portions surrounded by the conductors 22a and 23a. Unlike the grid pattern, this network is composed of a so-called random periodic network with low in-plane repeating regularity, that is, periodicity. As a result, it is possible to prevent the generation of light beams and the visibility of the heat-generating conductor.

In the present embodiment, the first heat generating conductor portion 22 is formed in a rectangular range of the trapezoidal energizing heating panel 10 having an upper base as one side and a part of the lower base as opposite sides. On the other hand, the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 is formed in a substantially triangular portion including the legs of the heating electrode device 10 which is trapezoidal at both ends where the first heat-generating conductor portion 22 is provided.

The first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 are configured so that the unevenness of the ice-melting time (difference between the maximum in-plane ice-melting time and the minimum ice-melting time) of the heating electrode device 10 is reduced. There is. In this embodiment, this is made possible by making the amount of heat generated by the first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 different. That is, the center and the end of the energization heating panel 10 (in this embodiment, the range sandwiched between the upper base and the lower bottom in the trapezoid (rectangular region where the first heat generating conductor portion 22 is formed in FIG. 1)). And the range of both ends thereof (the triangular region where the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 is formed in FIG. 1, that is, the leg portion)) is configured so that the amount of heat generated differs.

Specifically, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the aperture ratio of the mesh is different between the first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat-generating conductor portion 23. Here, the mesh opening ratio is the ratio of the openings 22b and 23b in the first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 when viewed in a plan view.
The area of the statistically appropriate measurement area when measuring the aperture ratio is 25 mm ² (for example, a square area of 5 mm square) or more, although it depends on the distance between the average centers of gravity of the mesh.
In each of the first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat-generating conductor portion 23, the mesh opening ratio ranges from 70% or more and 99% or less, preferably 80% or more and 95% or less, and the first heat-generating conductor portion. The line widths and thicknesses of the conductors 22a and 23a are also taken into consideration when selecting the conductors 22a and 23a so as to minimize the difference in freezing time between the 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23.
Further, in each of the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23, the line width and thickness of the conductors 22a and 23a are such that the line width is 2 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and the average distance between the centers of gravity of the mesh pattern (periodic grid). (Corresponding to the period in the case of) can be in the range of 70 μm or more and 800 μm or less.

In this embodiment, the aperture ratio is changed in order to make the heat generation amount of the first heat generation conductor portion 22 and the second heat generation conductor portion 23 different, but the aperture ratio is not limited to this, and the heat generation amount may be different depending on other aspects. Good. For example, the thickness of the conductor wire (line width x thickness = cross section) may be different.

Examples of the conductor material constituting the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 include metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, and aluminum, or nickel-chromium containing these metals. Examples thereof include strip-shaped members formed by forming a pattern by etching an alloy such as an alloy, bronze, or brass.

In this embodiment, two types of heat-generating conductor portions, a first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and a second heat-generating conductor portion 23, are provided, but the present invention is not limited to this, and three or more types of heat-generating conductor portions can be formed.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the power supply connection wiring 24 is a wiring for connecting the power supply 40 between the first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b. The power supply 40 is not particularly limited as long as it can supply electric power necessary for melting or evaporating water droplets (cloudy), freezing (frost), etc., and is known to have an appropriate voltage, current, or frequency. However, when the energizing heating panel 10 is applied to an automobile, a battery such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion storage battery already installed in the automobile can be used as the DC power source as the power source 40. .. At this time, for example, the second bus bar electrode 21b can be connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the first bus bar electrode 21a can be connected to the negative electrode. Of course, a dedicated power source (battery, generator, etc.) may be used separately. Further, in the case of a railroad vehicle powered by an electric motor, the DC or AC power supplied from the overhead wire can be converted into an appropriate voltage and current for use. In the case of buildings, commercial alternating current (lighting lines) or solar cells that supply power to and wire to each building can also be used.
A known configuration may be applied to such a power supply connection wiring 24.

The adhesive layer 14 is a layer for adhering the base material layer 25 including the bus bar electrode 21, the first heat generating conductor portion 22, and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 to the second panel 15. The adhesive layer 14 can have the same structure as the adhesive layer 12.

With each of the above configurations, the energization heating panel 10 is formed as follows. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the adhesive layer 12 is laminated on one surface of the first panel 11, and the base material layer 25 is laminated on the first panel 11 via the adhesive layer 12. Further, the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 are arranged on the surface of the base material layer 25 opposite to the side on which the adhesive layer 12 is arranged. The second panel 15 is arranged on the side of the base material layer 25 on which the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 are arranged, but the base material layer 25, the first heat generating conductor portion 22, and the first (2) The adhesive layer 14 is arranged so as to fill the space between the heat generating conductor portion 23 and the second panel 15. As a result, the second panel 15 is laminated on the heating electrode device 20.

According to the energization heating panel 10 as described above, the difference in the thawing time depending on the part can be reduced, and the unevenness of the thawing time can be suppressed.

Such a heating electrode device 20 and an energization heating panel 10 including the heating electrode device 20 can be manufactured as follows, for example. Figures 5 (a) to 5 (d) are shown for explanation.

First, as shown in FIG. 5A, a laminate is produced in which a metal foil 22'is laminated on a base material layer 25 made of a resin film via an adhesive layer.
Next, as shown in FIG. 5B, the photosensitive resist layer 80 is coated and formed on the metal foil 22'of the laminated body.

Next, a photomask having a light-shielding pattern based on the plan view pattern of the first heat-generating conductor portion 22 (the same applies hereinafter for the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 (not shown)) and the bus bar electrode 21 having a desired pattern is prepared. Then, the photomask is placed in close contact with the photosensitive resist layer 80. Then, the photomask is exposed to ultraviolet rays through the photomask, the photomask is removed, and then the unexposed photosensitive resist layer is dissolved and removed by a known development process to match the desired pattern 80a as shown in FIG. 5C. A resist pattern layer 80'of shape is formed on the metal foil 22'.
Here, in FIG. 5C, the position and size of the first heat generating conductor portion 22 to be formed are represented by broken lines and light ink with reference to the reference. As a result, the first heat generating conductor portion 22 can be obtained by etching.

Next, the laminate is etched (corroded) with a corrosive liquid from above the resist pattern layer 80', and the metal foil 22'is corroded and removed through the resist pattern layer 80'as shown in FIG. 5 (d). Then, the resist pattern layer 80'is dissolved and removed (defilmed). Thus, the first heat-generating conductor portion 22, the second heat-generating conductor portion 23, and the bus bar electrodes 21a and 21b having a predetermined pattern of the plan view shape of FIGS. 2 and 3 and the cross-sectional shape of FIG. 4 are formed on the base material layer 25. Manufacture the laminated member.

Next, the adhesive layer 14 and the second panel 15 are laminated in this order on the laminated member composed of the first panel 11, the adhesive layer 12, and the heating electrode placement 20, and these plurality of layers are adhered and laminated to be integrated.
By the above steps, the energization heating panel 10 is manufactured.

The energization heating panel 10 is used and operates as follows, for example. Here, as an example, the case where the energizing heating panel 10 is applied to the front panel of an automobile will be described.
That is, in the form of FIG. 1, the energizing heating panel 10 is arranged at the position of the front panel of the automobile. At this time, the power supply 40 is connected to the power supply connection wiring 24 via the switch 50, and the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 can generate heat via the bus bar electrode 21. In this embodiment, the existing battery in the automobile is used as the power source 40. When the switch 50 is closed, current is supplied from the power supply 40. Since the first panel 11 and the second panel 12 of the conductors 22a and 23a of the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 are heated by the heat generated by Joule heat, the temperature of the energizing heating panel 10 functioning as the front panel is raised. It rises and freezes and fogging disappears. In the present invention, since the amount of heat generated by the first heat-generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 is different, unevenness in the thaw time can be suppressed.
The deicing time may vary depending on the amount of frost and ice adhering, the ambient temperature, the area and heat capacity of the energized heating panel 10, but for example, it may be up to 3 to 5 minutes. As for the unevenness of the deicing time, the difference between the maximum deicing time and the minimum deicing time on the energized heating panel 10 is within 50%, preferably within 20%, and most preferably 0% of the maximum deicing time.

10 Energizing heating panel 11 1st panel 12 Adhesive layer 14 Adhesive layer 15 2nd panel 20 Heating electrode device 21 Busbar electrode 22 1st heating conductor part 23 2nd heating conductor part 25 Base material layer 40 Power supply

Claims (2)

It is an energizing heating panel that energizes and heats the panel.
The energizing heating panel is trapezoidal in plan view, and the bus bar electrodes are arranged only on the upper bottom portion and the lower bottom portion of the trapezoid.
Have a predetermined range of heat by energization, range heating conductor portion comprising a reticulated conductor plurality comprising, a plurality of the heating conductor portions, one of which was sandwiched between the upper base and lower base of the trapezoid The other heat-generating conductors are arranged in the range including the trapezoidal legs.
The heat-generating conductor portions have different calorific values so that the difference between the maximum deicing time and the minimum deicing time is within 50% of the maximum deicing time due to the difference in the aperture ratio of the mesh. .. A vehicle including the energizing heating panel according to claim 1 .

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