JP2018001931A - Energization heating panel and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an energization heating panel that is reduced in unevenness of defrosting time.SOLUTION: An energization heating panel 10 for energizing and heating a panel includes a plurality of heat generating conductor parts 22, 23 having a prescribed range that generates heat by energization. The plurality of heat generating conductor parts has diverse heating amount, thus, the energization heating panel can reduce unevenness of defrosting time depending on parts in the surface.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an energizing heating panel including a heating conductor portion that generates heat due to Joule heat when energized, and a vehicle including the energizing heating panel.

  Conventionally, as described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, glass windows of vehicles such as automobiles, railways, airplanes, and ships, and glass windows of buildings are heated by energization, and the glass windows are frozen or There is technology to eliminate cloudiness. Such a glass window comprises a heating electrode device between two glass plates. The heating electrode device includes a pair of bus bar electrodes arranged apart from each other and a heat generating conductor arranged so as to pass between the pair of bus bar electrodes, and connects a power source to the pair of bus bar electrodes. Thus, the heating conductor can be energized, and the heating window can be heated to heat the glass window.

  As a pattern of such heat generating conductors, there are a form in which a plurality of linear heat generating conductors are arranged and a form of a mesh-shaped heat generating conductor.

JP-A-8-72674 JP-A-9-207718 JP 2013-56811 A

  Such an electric heating panel is used for a glass window or the like as described above. At this time, the glass window is not necessarily rectangular but may be trapezoidal, for example. Then, the ice melting time varies depending on the in-plane region, and uneven ice melting time may become a problem.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an energization heating panel in which the unevenness of the ice melting time due to the in-plane region is small. A vehicle including the energization heating panel is also provided.

  The present invention will be described below. Here, for ease of understanding, reference numerals in the drawings are added, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  One aspect of the present invention is an energization heating panel (10) that energizes and heats the panels (11, 15), and includes a plurality of heating conductor portions (22, 23) having a predetermined range that generates heat by energization. In addition, the plurality of heat generating conductor portions are energization heating panels having different heat generation amounts.

  The energization heating panel has a trapezoidal shape in plan view, and a plurality of heat generating conductor portions are arranged in a range where one of the heat generating conductor portions is sandwiched between the upper base and the lower base of the trapezoid, and the other heat generating conductor portions include legs. It may be arranged in a range.

  Further, the heat generating conductor portion may have a mesh shape, and the plurality of heat generating conductor portions may have different heat generation amounts due to the difference in the opening ratio of the mesh.

  A vehicle provided with said electricity heating panel can be provided.

  According to the present invention, in the energization heating panel, it is possible to reduce the unevenness of the ice melting time due to the in-plane portion.

It is a top view explaining the energization heating panel 10 concerning one form. FIG. 6 is a plan view for explaining the form of a first heat conductor portion 22. FIG. 6 is a plan view for explaining the form of a second heat generating conductor portion 23. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a layer configuration of the energization heating panel 10. FIG. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D are diagrams illustrating a method for manufacturing the energization heating panel 10.

  The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these forms. In addition, each member appearing in the drawings may be expressed by exaggerating the size or shape from the viewpoint of easy understanding. Moreover, the code | symbol which becomes repeated may be abbreviate | omitted for legibility.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining one embodiment, and is a conceptual diagram in which the energization heating panel 10 is viewed from above. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by II in FIG. 1 and is an enlarged view of a part of the first heat generating conductor portion 22. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the second heat generating conductor portion 23, which is an enlargement of the portion indicated by III in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV shown in FIG. 2, and is a diagram illustrating a layer configuration in the thickness direction of the energization heating panel 10.

  Such an energization heating panel 10 is provided in an automobile as a windshield of an automobile, for example. In addition, it can be used as a transparent opening member (so-called window) in a place having a transparent opening such as a so-called glass window or a glass door, and includes, for example, the above automobiles, railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, and spacecrafts. And the like, and openings of vehicles, doors and the like, and openings of various buildings such as windows and doors. Moreover, it can also be used for window materials (surface protection plates) for lighting equipment provided outside various vehicles such as traffic lights, electronic signboards and electronic advertisement window materials (surface protection plates), and automobile headlights.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 4, the energization heating panel 10 is plate-like as a whole, and a plurality of layers are laminated in the thickness direction (Z-axis direction shown in FIGS. 1 to 4). In this embodiment, the energization heating panel 10 has a trapezoidal shape in plan view, and is an isosceles trapezoid having a short upper base above the paper surface of FIG. 1 and a long lower base below the paper surface of FIG. Such a shape follows the shape of the opening in which the energization heating panel 10 is disposed.
More specifically, the energization heating panel 10 of this embodiment has a laminated structure in the thickness direction as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4, the first panel 11, the adhesive layer 12, the heating electrode device 20, the adhesive layer 14, the second A panel 15 is provided. Each will be described below.

The first panel 11 and the second panel 15 are transparent trapezoidal plate-like members having translucency, and are arranged substantially in parallel with an interval between plate surfaces arranged to face each other. ing. This is a so-called double panel structure. In this case, the plate surfaces are two opposing planes parallel to the XY plane among the surfaces of the first panel 11 and the second panel 15 in FIG. A part of the heating electrode device 20 is disposed between the first panel 11 and the second panel 15 and integrated with the adhesive layers 12 and 14.
The 1st panel 11 and the 2nd panel 15 can be comprised with plate glass. For this, the same plate glass as that used for windows normally provided in facilities (for example, vehicles and buildings) to which the current heating panel 10 is applied can be used. Examples include soda lime glass (blue plate glass), borosilicate glass (white plate glass), quartz glass, soda glass, potassium glass and the like, normal plate glass, float plate glass, tempered plate glass, and partial plate glass. Moreover, you may have a curved part in a three-dimensional curved surface as needed.
However, it is not necessarily a glass plate, and may be a resin plate made of a resin such as an acrylic resin or a polycarbonate resin. However, it is preferably a plate glass from the viewpoint of weather resistance, heat resistance, transparency and the like.
The thicknesses of the first panel 11 and the second panel 15 are not particularly limited, but are generally 1.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less.

The adhesive layer 12 is a layer made of an adhesive laminated on the surface of the first panel 11 on the second panel 15 side, and adheres the base material layer 25 of the heating electrode device 20 and the first panel 11. Although it does not specifically limit as an adhesive agent, Polyvinyl butyral resin can be used from viewpoints, such as adhesiveness, a weather resistance, and heat resistance.
The thickness of the adhesive layer 12 is not particularly limited, but is generally 0.2 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less.

The heating electrode device 20 generates heat when energized and heats the energizing heating panel 10.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, the heating electrode device 20 includes a bus bar electrode 21, a first heating conductor portion 22, a second heating conductor portion 23, a power connection wiring 24, and a base material layer 25. Yes. For convenience, the base material layer 25 will be described first.

  The base material layer 25 has the bus bar electrode 21, the first heat generating conductor portion 22, and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 of the heating electrode device 20. It is a layer that functions as a base material for the conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23. The base material layer 25 is a transparent plate-like member and is formed of a resin. As the resin for forming the base material layer 25, any resin may be used as long as it transmits a wavelength in the visible light wavelength band (380 nm to 780 nm), but a thermoplastic resin can be preferably used. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (A-PET), polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, and cyclic polyolefin, and acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate. And cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose (cellulose triacetate), polycarbonate resins, styrene resins such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, and polyvinyl chloride. In particular, acrylic resin and polyvinyl chloride are preferable because they are excellent in etching resistance, weather resistance, and light resistance. The thickness of the base material layer 25 is generally 20 μm or more and 300 μm or less. The resin layer constituting the base material layer 25 is uniaxially or biaxially stretched as necessary.

In this embodiment, the bus bar electrode 21 is formed of a first bus bar electrode 21a and a second bus bar electrode 21b. The first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b each have a strip shape extending in one direction (X-axis direction in FIG. 1), and the first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b are spaced in the same direction. It is arrange | positioned so that it may extend to (substantially parallel). In this embodiment, the first bus bar electrode 21a is disposed along the upper bottom of the trapezoidal first panel 11 and the second panel, and the second bus bar electrode 21b is disposed along the lower bottom.
A known form can be applied to the first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b, and the width of the strip-like electrode (size in the Y-axis direction) is generally 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less. .

  The first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23 have a predetermined area and shape range in the plate surface of the first panel 11, the second panel 15, or the base material layer 25, respectively. The first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b are arranged so as to extend in the direction intersecting with both the bus bar electrodes 21a and 21b (Y-axis direction in FIG. 1) so as to pass. The first bus bar electrode 21 a and the second bus bar electrode 21 b are electrically connected by the first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23. The first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23 generate heat when energized.

  The first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23 have the following shapes. As can be seen from FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 of the present embodiment have the conductors 22 a and 23 a in the shape of the plan view (Z in FIG. It means a shape observed from the axial direction.) Is formed in a net shape (mesh shape). Accordingly, the openings 22b and 23b are formed at portions surrounded by the conductors 22a and 23a. Unlike the lattice shape, this mesh is composed of a so-called random-periodic mesh having low repetitive regularity within the plane, that is, low periodicity. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of light glare and the heat conductor being visually recognized.

  In the present embodiment, the first heating conductor portion 22 is formed in a rectangular range in which the upper base is one side and a part of the lower base is a side opposite to the trapezoidal conduction heating panel 10. On the other hand, the second heating conductor portion 23 is formed in a range of a substantially triangular portion including a leg portion of the heating electrode device 10 that is trapezoidal at both ends where the first heating conductor portion 22 is provided.

  The first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23 are configured so that unevenness in ice melting time of the heating electrode device 10 (difference between the maximum ice melting time and the minimum ice melting time in the surface) is reduced. Yes. In this embodiment, this is made possible by making the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 have different heat generation amounts. That is, the center and the end of the energization heating panel 10 (in this embodiment, the range sandwiched between the upper base and the lower base of the trapezoid (the rectangular region in which the first heating conductor portion 22 is formed in FIG. 1)) And the range of the both ends (the triangular area | region in which the 2nd heat generating conductor part 23 was formed in FIG. 1, ie, leg part) is comprised so that the emitted-heat amount may differ.

Specifically, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23 have different mesh (mesh) aperture ratios. Here, the opening ratio of the mesh is the ratio of the opening portions 22b and 23b in the first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23 when viewed in plan.
Note that the area of the statistically appropriate measurement region when measuring the aperture ratio is 25 mm ² (for example, a 5 mm square region) or more, although it depends on the average distance between the centers of gravity of the meshes.
In each of the first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23, the first heating conductor portion has a mesh opening ratio of 70% to 99%, preferably 80% to 95%. The conductors 22a and 23a are selected in consideration of the line width and thickness so as to minimize the difference in ice melting time between the second heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23.
Further, in each of the first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23, the conductors 22a and 23a have a line width and thickness of 2 μm or more and 15 μm or less, and an average distance between center of gravity of the mesh pattern (periodic grating) (Corresponding to the period in this case) can be in the range of 70 μm to 800 μm.

  In the present embodiment, the aperture ratio is changed in order to make the heat generation amount of the first heat generation conductor portion 22 and the second heat generation conductor portion 23 different, but not limited to this, the heat generation amount may be different depending on other modes. Good. This includes, for example, different conductor line thicknesses (line width × thickness = cross-sectional area).

  Examples of the conductor material constituting the first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23 include metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, and aluminum, or nickel-chrome containing these metals. A belt-shaped member formed by patterning an alloy such as an alloy, bronze, or brass by etching can be given.

  In this embodiment, the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 have two types of heat generating conductor portions. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and three or more types of heat generating conductor portions may be formed.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the power connection wiring 24 is a wiring for connecting the power supply 40 between the first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b. The power source 40 is not particularly limited as long as it can supply power necessary for dissolving or evaporating water droplets (cloudy), frozen (frost), and the like, and has a known voltage, current, or frequency. However, when the energization heating panel 10 is applied to an automobile, a battery such as an existing lead storage battery or lithium ion storage battery installed in the automobile can be used as the DC power supply. . At this time, for example, the second bus bar electrode 21b can be connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the first bus bar electrode 21a can be connected to the negative electrode. Of course, a dedicated power source (battery, generator, etc.) may be used separately. In the case of a railway vehicle powered by an electric motor, direct current or alternating current power fed from an overhead line can be converted into an appropriate voltage and current for use. In the case of a building, a commercial alternating current (electric power line) or a solar cell that is fed and wired to each building can also be used.
A known configuration may be applied to such a power supply connection wiring 24.

  The adhesive layer 14 is a layer that adheres the base panel layer 25 including the bus bar electrode 21, the first heating conductor portion 22, and the second heating conductor portion 23 to the second panel 15. The adhesive layer 14 can have the same configuration as the adhesive layer 12.

  With each configuration as described above, the energization heating panel 10 is formed as follows. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the adhesive layer 12 is laminated on one surface of the first panel 11, and the base material layer 25 is laminated on the first panel 11 via the adhesive layer 12. Moreover, the 1st heat generating conductor part 22 and the 2nd heat generating conductor part 23 are arrange | positioned in the surface on the opposite side to the side in which the contact bonding layer 12 is arrange | positioned among the base material layers 25. FIG. The second panel 15 is disposed on the side of the base material layer 25 where the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 are disposed. The adhesive layer 14 is disposed so as to fill the space between the two heat generating conductors 23 and the second panel 15. Thereby, the second panel 15 is laminated on the heating electrode device 20.

  According to the energization heating panel 10 as described above, the difference in ice melting time depending on the part can be reduced, and unevenness in ice melting time can be suppressed.

  Such a heating electrode device 20 and the energization heating panel 10 including the heating electrode device 20 can be manufactured as follows, for example. FIGS. 5A to 5D are diagrams for explanation.

First, as shown to Fig.5 (a), the laminated body which bonded and laminated | stacked metal foil 22 'on the base material layer 25 which consists of a resin film via an adhesive bond layer is manufactured.
Next, as shown in FIG. 5B, a photosensitive resist layer 80 is applied and formed on the metal foil 22 ′ of the laminate.

Next, a photomask having a light-shielding pattern based on a plan view pattern of the first heat-generating conductor portion 22 (the same applies to the second heat-generating conductor portion 23 not shown) and a bus bar electrode 21 having a desired pattern is prepared. Then, the photomask is placed in close contact with the photosensitive resist layer 80. Then, UV exposure is performed through the photomask, and after removing the photomask, the unexposed photosensitive resist layer is dissolved and removed by a known development process to match the desired pattern 80a as shown in FIG. A resist pattern layer 80 'having a shape is formed on the metal foil 22'.
Here, in FIG. 5C, the position and size of the first heat generating conductor portion 22 to be formed are indicated by a broken line and light ink for reference. Thus, the first heat generating conductor portion 22 can be obtained by etching.

  Next, the laminate is etched (corrosion) from the resist pattern layer 80 'with a corrosive solution, and the metal foil 22' is removed by corrosion through the resist pattern layer 80 'as shown in FIG. 5 (d). Then, the resist pattern layer 80 'is dissolved and removed (defilmed). Thus, on the base material layer 25, the first heating conductor portion 22, the second heating conductor portion 23, and the bus bar electrodes 21a and 21b having a predetermined pattern in the plan view shape of FIGS. 2 and 3 and the sectional shape of FIG. 4 are formed. The laminated member thus manufactured is manufactured.

Next, the adhesive layer 14 and the second panel 15 are stacked in this order on the laminated member composed of the first panel 11, the adhesive layer 12, and the heating electrode device 20, and these multiple layers are bonded and laminated.
The energization heating panel 10 is manufactured by the above process.

The energization heating panel 10 is used and operates as follows, for example. Here, a case where the energization heating panel 10 is applied to a front panel of an automobile will be described as an example.
That is, in the form of FIG. 1, the energization heating panel 10 is disposed at the position of the front panel of the automobile. At this time, the power supply 40 is connected to the power supply connection wiring 24 via the switch 50, and the first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23 can generate heat via the bus bar electrode 21. In the present embodiment, an existing battery is used as the power source 40 in the automobile. When the switch 50 is closed, a current is supplied from the power supply 40. The conductors 22a and 23a of the first heating conductor portion 22 and the second heating conductor portion 23 heat the first panel 11 and the second panel 12 due to the generation of Joule heat. Rising and freezing and fogging are eliminated. In the present invention, since the first heat generating conductor portion 22 and the second heat generating conductor portion 23 have different heat generation amounts, uneven ice melting time can be suppressed.
The de-icing time may vary depending on the amount of adhering frost, ice, etc., the ambient temperature, the area of the energizing heating panel 10 and the heat capacity, but for example, a maximum of 3 to 5 minutes can be found. As the unevenness of the ice melting time, the difference between the maximum ice melting time and the minimum ice melting time on the energization heating panel 10 is within 50%, preferably within 20%, and most preferably 0% of the maximum ice melting time.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Current heating panel 11 First panel 12 Adhesive layer 14 Adhesive layer 15 Second panel 20 Heating electrode device 21 Busbar electrode 22 First heating conductor part 23 Second heating conductor part 25 Base material layer 40 Power supply

Claims (4)

An energizing heating panel that energizes and heats the panel,
Comprising a plurality of heating conductor portions having a predetermined range that generates heat when energized;
A plurality of the heating conductor portions are energization heating panels in which calorific values are different.   The energization heating panel is trapezoidal in a plan view, and the plurality of heating conductor portions are arranged in a range where one of the heating conductor portions is sandwiched between the upper and lower bottoms of the trapezoid, and the other heating conductor portions have leg portions. The energization heating panel according to claim 1, which is disposed in a range to include.   3. The energization heating panel according to claim 1, wherein the heating conductor portion has a mesh shape, and the plurality of heating conductor portions have different amounts of heat generation due to a difference in mesh opening ratio.   A vehicle comprising the energization heating panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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