JP6754116B2 - 大腸癌マーカー - Google Patents
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Description
本実施例で使用した大腸癌組織は、2011年に日本医科大学付属病院で外科手術を受けた10名の大腸癌患者のものを使用した。全ての患者は、術前に化学療法や放射線治療を受けておらず、大腸炎や感染症などの炎症性疾患歴もない。病理診断及び進行度分類はWHOの基準に従い実施した。本実施例はヘルシンキ宣言(2008)に基づき実施されており、それぞれの患者から、大腸組織を以下の検討に使用することに対しての同意と理解を得ている。
10名の患者から得られた大腸癌FFPE組織を用いてプロテオーム解析を行うこととした。病理及び臨床情報は表1に示す。
Bluemleinらの方法に基づき、液中消化を実施した。それぞれの試料より得られた10μgのタンパク質を45mM DTT及び20mM TCEPにより還元した後、100mM IAAでアルキル化を行った。アルキル化後、プロテオミクスグレードのトリプシン(Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara,CA,USA)を用いて、37℃、24時間インキュベートすることで試料の酵素消化を行った。得られた消化産物をPepClean C−18 Spin Columns(Thermo,Rockford,IL,USA)を使用して脱塩を行った。
K. Bluemlein, M. Ralser, Monitoring protein expression in whole−cell extracts by targeted label− and standard−free LC−MS/MS, Nature protocols, 6 (2011) 859−869.
約2μgの精製したペプチドをHTS PALオートサンプラー(CTC Analytics, Zwingen, Switzerland)を用いて、L−trapカラム(Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan)に注入した後、逆相C18−column(Zaplous column α, 3−μm diameter gel particles and 100Å pore size, 0.1 × 150 mm; AMR)を使用したAdvance−nano UHPLCシステム (AMR Inc., Tokyo, Japan)で分離を行った。
Log2スケールに基づいたタンパク質発現量の変動値をスペクトラルカウントに基づいたRsc値として計算した。
W.M. Old, K. Meyer−Arendt, L. Aveline−Wolf, K.G. Pierce, A. Mendoza, J.R. Sevinsky, K.A. Resing, N.G. Ahn, Comparison of label−free methods for quantifying human proteins by shotgun proteomics, Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP, 4 (2005) 1487−1502.
B. Zybailov, M.K. Coleman, L. Florens, M.P. Washburn, Correlation of relative abundance ratios derived from peptide ion chromatograms and spectrum counting for quantitative proteomic analysis using stable isotope labeling, Analytical chemistry, 77 (2005) 6218−6224.
同定された候補タンパク質の機能分類についてDatabase for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) version 6.7 (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/home.jsp)を用いて実施した。
G. Dennis, Jr., B.T. Sherman, D.A. Hosack, J. Yang, W. Gao, H.C. Lane, R.A. Lempicki, DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, Genome biology, 4 (2003) P3.
大腸癌FFPE組織からRNeasy FFPE Kit(QIAGEN, Valencia, CA, USA)を用いてRNA抽出を行った。また、培養大腸癌細胞からはGenElute Mammalian Total RNA Miniprep Kit(Sigma)を用いて抽出した。
パラフィン包埋薄切組織(3μm)を用いて免疫組織染色を行った。アルドラーゼA及びシクロフィリンAの染色には、Histofine Simple Stain MAX−PO (R) kit(Nichirei, Tokyo, Japan)を用い、アネキシンA2には、Histofine Simple Stain MAX−PO (M) kit (Nichirei)を用いた。
培養大腸癌細胞であるDLD−1,SW480及びSW620と正常大腸上皮細胞であるCCD 841 CoNは、American Type Culture Collection (Manassas,VA,USA)から購入した。全ての細胞は、10%FBS含有RPMI1640で5%CO2条件下で培養した。
大腸癌細胞を100−mmディッシュに5×105個/ディッシュで播種した後、培養液中で培養した。72時間後、lysis buffer(7M urea,2M thiourea,5% CHAPS,and1% Triton X−100)で溶解し、タンパク質溶液を得た。また、細胞外に分泌されたタンパク質を解析するため、72時間後の培養液を回収した。
タンパク質溶液または培養液を還元条件下SDS−PAGEで分離した後、PVDF膜に転写を行った。膜は、抗−annexin A2抗体,抗−aldolase A抗体または抗−cyclophilin A抗体(Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Beverly, MA, USA)と4℃で一晩反応させた。
全てのデータは平均±標準誤差で示している。2グループ間のデータは、対応のないt検定で比較を行った。*P<0.05または、**P<0.001を有意であると考えた。統計解析は、GraphPad Prism version 5(GraphPad Software,La Jolla,CA,USA)を用いて行った。
1.大腸癌組織の癌部と非癌部に発現するタンパク質の同定
癌の進行に伴い発現するタンパク質を調べるため、大腸癌FFPE組織を用いたショットガンプロテオミクスを実施した。FFPE組織から癌部と非癌部を分離するために、マニュアルでの切除を行った。また、タンパク質発現は、細胞だけでなく周囲の間質に発現しているタンパク質も解析を行った。
次に、癌部で発現量が変動しているタンパク質を同定するために、スペクトラルカウントに基づいた非標識半定量法を実施した。結果を図3に示す。図3(a)は、Rsc値の結果であり、図3(b)は、NSAF値の結果である。左か右に行くほど癌部で発現が上昇しているようになるように、Rsc値を対応するタンパク質名に対してプロットした(横軸)。なお、横軸のタンパク質名は一部を除き省略している。
表3、表4で大腸癌マーカーとして可能性のあるタンパク質が挙げられたが、血液中で検出できなければ、マーカーとなりえない。そこで、DAVIDを使用して、癌部で発現が変動していたタンパク質の遺伝子オントロジー(GO)解析を行った。結果を図4に示す。
Fructose−bisphosphate aldolase A (aldolase A:アルドラーゼA)、 peptidyl−prolyl cis−trans isomerase A(cyclophilin A:シクロフィリンA)及びannexin A2(アネキシンA2)は、癌部で発現が上昇しているため(図3)、診断マーカー候補として分泌されている可能性がある。大腸癌部で発現が上昇していることを確認するため、大腸癌組織を用いて定量PCRを行った。結果を図5に示す。その結果、これらのタンパク質のmRNA発現量は、非癌部に比べて癌部で有意に上昇していた。
次に3つの候補タンパク質の発現について免疫染色を実施した。結果を図6、図7、図8に示す。
候補タンパク質が、バイオマーカーとして適しているかを調べるため、培養大腸癌細胞における候補タンパク質のmRNA及びタンパク質の発現を定量PCRとウェスタンブロットで確認した。
Claims (2)
- 大腸癌マーカーとしてのアルドラーゼAの生体試料中における実量を測定する工程と、
アルドラーゼAの基準量と、前記実量を比較する工程を含む大腸癌マーカーの分析方法。 - アルドラーゼAからなる大腸癌マーカー。
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