JP6739851B1 - Organic waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect the amount of organic waste in a processing tank and the abnormality of the contained substance and suppress the failure. A motor for rotating the stirring rod in a normal or reverse direction, a moisture measuring unit for detecting the amount of moisture in the processing tank, and a current monitor for obtaining a current value of the motor when the stirring rod is rotated. And a control unit that controls switching between forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor on a cycle-by-cycle basis, wherein the control unit has a threshold value set in advance as the water content when the organic waste is dried, and An allowable value set in advance as a current in which the load of the motor exceeds the allowable range is acquired, and if the amount of water detected by the water content measuring means at the end of each cycle is less than the threshold value, the power saving mode is set to be equal to or more than the threshold value. If there is, the mode is switched to the normal mode, and when the current value acquired in the previous mode by the current monitoring means at that time exceeds the permissible value, a warning that the motor load is abnormal is issued. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an organic waste treatment device that composts organic waste.

Organic waste includes manure discharged from livestock farmers, industrial waste generated in the manufacturing process of food and the like, and raw garbage discharged from restaurants and homes. It is an organic substance mainly derived from animals and plants, contains a large amount of water, and easily decomposes. If left unattended, it emits a foul odor, and therefore, microorganisms are used to accelerate the decomposition of organic substances and compost it.

Composting is mainly performed by aerobic microorganisms that consume large amounts of oxygen. Aerobic fermentation requires proper control of air, moisture and temperature. When composting proceeds favorably, the protein tends to become alkaline due to decomposition into ammonia, etc. However, if oxygen is not supplied, anaerobic microorganisms grow and become a source of malodor.

In order to suppress the generation of ammonia and other malodorous sources, there is also a method of promoting composting with weak acidity. As described in Patent Document 1, an invention of a composting process of organic waste in which the treatment process is acidic and the generation of odor is significantly small is also disclosed.

Generally, organic waste is mixed with a substrate supporting microorganisms for composting treatment, but if the microorganism is an alkalophilic bacterium, the treatment will be delayed if the substrate leans toward acidity. It is necessary to replace the base material in the tank. However, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, the microorganism is an acidophilic bacterium, and the base material supporting the microorganism by the lactic acid bacteria contained in the organic waste is maintained in an acidic state. It is possible to process even if waste is continuously added.

Further, aeration is important in order to supply oxygen to aerobic microorganisms and evaporate water by fermentation heat. As described in Patent Document 2, the discharge port is clogged, the agitation motor is abnormally stopped, or the base material in which the aerobic microorganisms in the fermentation tank (treatment tank) are cultivated is clogged in the air circulation path and becomes muddy. There is also disclosed an invention of an organic waste treatment device which suppresses the occurrence of insects and the generation of an offensive odor.

When organic waste is composted, the amount of water in the treatment tank also decreases due to water evaporation, etc., but if organic waste is added, the capacity of the treatment tank will eventually be exceeded. It is necessary to regularly discharge composted organic waste.

Japanese Patent No. 5249567 JP 2006-17643 A

Conventionally, by rotating a stirring rod in the treatment tank, the base material supporting the aerobic microorganisms and the organic waste are mixed and oxygen is supplied to the aerobic microorganisms. Even if the storage amount is increased, if the organic waste is added too much, it cannot be sufficiently stirred, and the ventilation port may be blocked to interrupt the supply of oxygen.

Also, if other solid substances are mixed in the organic waste, the stirring bar that is caught by it will break, and when it is further stirred, various abnormalities will occur, such as breaking through the inner wall of the processing tank. .. Continuing to use it as it is may lead to a more serious failure, and it is desirable to deal with it early in the initial stage.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an organic waste treatment device that detects the amount of organic waste in a treatment tank and the abnormality of the contained substances and suppresses the failure.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is an organic aerobic fermentation of organic waste by rotating the stirring rod mixed with a substrate carrying acidic compost-like inoculum contained in the treatment tank In the waste treatment device, a motor for rotating the stirring rod in a normal direction or a reverse direction, a moisture measuring unit for detecting the amount of water in the treatment tank, and a current value of the motor when the stirring rod is rotated are It has a current monitoring means for acquiring and a control means for controlling switching between forward rotation and reverse rotation of the motor on a cycle-by-cycle basis, and the control means is preset as a water content when the organic waste is dried. The threshold value, and the allowable value preset as a current in which the load of the motor exceeds the allowable range is acquired in advance, and if the amount of water detected by the water content measuring means at the end of each cycle is less than the threshold value, a power saving mode, If the current value is equal to or more than the threshold value, the mode is switched to the normal mode, and when the current value in the previous mode acquired by the current monitoring unit at that time exceeds the allowable value, a warning that the motor load is abnormal is issued. , Is characterized.

Further, in the organic waste treatment device, the treatment tank is maintained at a temperature at which the acidic compost-like inoculum is activated by heating means, and the control means is an electric current at which the temperature of the heating means is out of a normal range. As a result, a preset allowable value is acquired, and when the current value acquired in each cycle exceeds the allowable value, a warning that the heating means is abnormal is warned.

Further, in the organic waste treatment device, the treatment tank, while taking in air from the vent by the blowing means, evaporate the water contained in the organic waste by fermentation heat and exhaust from the vent, The control means obtains a permissible value preset as a current in which the ventilation amount of the blower means is out of the normal range, and when the current value obtained in each cycle exceeds the permissible value, the blower means Is warned that is abnormal.

Further, in the organic waste treatment device, the control means acquires an allowable value preset as a current at which the load of the motor is out of the normal range, and the current value acquired in each cycle is the allowable value. When it exceeds, a warning that the motor is abnormal is warned.

Further, the organic waste processing device is characterized in that the occurrence of an abnormality is transmitted to a terminal via the Internet.

Furthermore, the present invention is an organic waste treatment method of aerobically fermenting the organic waste by mixing the base material carrying the acidic compost-like inoculum contained in the treatment tank and rotating the stirring rod. , A threshold value set in advance as the amount of water when the organic waste is dried, and an allowable value set in advance as the current when the load of the motor for rotating the stirring rod in the normal direction or in the reverse direction exceeds the allowable range. Step, switching between normal rotation and reverse rotation of the motor is controlled on a cycle-by-cycle basis, and at the end of each cycle, the water content in the processing tank is detected by the water content measuring means, and if it is less than the threshold value, the power saving mode, the threshold value. If it is above, the step of switching to the normal mode, and at the time of switching between the power saving mode and the normal mode, the current value of the motor when the stirring rod is rotated is acquired by the current monitoring means and the current value in the previous mode is And a step of warning that the load of the motor is abnormal when the allowable value is exceeded.

According to the present invention, it is possible to detect the amount of organic waste in the processing tank and the abnormality of the contained substance and suppress the failure. In other words, when it is detected that the organic waste is overfilled, a warning is issued to reduce the amount, so that the composting can be managed appropriately. Further, when it is detected that foreign matter is contained, a warning is issued to remove the foreign matter at an early stage, whereby failure of the processing tank can be prevented.

It is sectional drawing of the organic waste processing apparatus which is this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of operation|movement in the organic waste processing apparatus which is this invention. It is a graph which shows the result of having monitored the electric current value of the stirring motor of the organic waste disposal system which is the present invention with time.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference numeral, and repeated description thereof may be omitted.

First, the organic waste treatment device according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an organic waste treatment device. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations in the organic waste treatment device. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of monitoring the current value of the stirring motor of the organic waste treatment device over time.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the organic waste treatment apparatus 100, the substrate 500 in which microorganisms are loaded is stored in the treatment tank 200 in advance, and the waste 510 is introduced into the treatment tank 200 through the introduction port 240. Then, the waste 510 is mixed with the base material 500 to ferment the waste 510 with microorganisms.

The processing tank 200 has a capacity capable of sufficiently storing the base material 500 and the waste material 510, and has a curved bottom surface in an arc shape. As the material of the processing bath 200, stainless steel or the like having corrosion resistance may be used. In the lower part of the processing tank 200, a rotary shaft 210 is horizontally arranged from the front to the rear in the drawing, and a plurality of stirring rods 220 project from the side peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 210.

The plurality of stirring rods 220 are attached intermittently from the front to the back in the drawing so that the angles with respect to the rotating shaft 210 are different from each other. For example, the six stirring rods 220 are spirally attached with a predetermined distance from the front side to the back side while shifting the angle by 60°. By transmitting power to the rotating shaft 210 by the motor, the stirring rod 220 rotates normally (rotation in the forward direction) or reversely rotates (rotation in the reverse direction). The tip of the stirring rod 220 may move along the inner bottom surface of the processing tank 200 when rotating the lower half.

The base material 500 is, for example, sawdust and the like, and carries acidic compost-like inoculum as microorganisms. The acidic compost-like inoculum can be obtained by mixing an appropriate amount of bark and sugar in an arbitrary combination with the inoculum, and leaving it for 4 to 10 days.

It is produced by mixing a mixture of raw garbage and a base material 500 carrying acidophilic microorganisms, stirring and contacting with air, and continuously heating to form a microbial flora mainly composed of lactic acid bacteria. The inoculum is maintained in the pH range of 4 to 7 without being rancid. As sugars, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, starch, molasses, whey, waste sugar feed, honey, jelly, syrup, bread crumbs, vegetable waste, etc. may be used. The acidophilic microorganisms include Sulfolobass acidcaldarius, Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis, Bacillus bacterium, lactic acid bacteria and the like.

The waste 510 is an organic waste such as livestock manure or garbage. Livestock dung is pig dung, horse dung, cow dung, chicken dung, etc. discharged from the livestock industry, and food waste is animal and plant food residues discharged from food factories, restaurants, school lunch centers, and homes.

The acidic compost-like inoculum may be present in the waste 510 at a rate of, for example, 3 to 15%. The waste material 510 decomposed by fermentation may be used as the base material 500 for fermenting another waste material 510 while being contained in the base material 500, or when the amount of the base material 500 increases too much. May be discharged from the processing tank 200 and used as compost.

In order to activate the acidic compost-like inoculum, the treatment tank 200 is maintained at a temperature of 30 to 80° C., preferably 65° C. or higher by the heating means 400. The heating means 400 is arranged along the outer bottom surface of the processing bath 200. The heating means 400 may control the temperature using, for example, bimetal.

When the waste 510 is decomposed, the heat of fermentation evaporates the water 520 and the like, so that the amount of the waste 510 decreases after drying. Since the base material 500 is kept acidic by the lactic acid bacteria contained in the waste 510, the activated state of the acidic compost-like inoculum also continues. Therefore, it is possible to process even if the waste material 510 is additionally charged, and it is not necessary to replace the entire base material 500 for a long period of time.

It is preferable that the waste 510 does not exceed the tip when the stirring rod 220 comes to the upper side. The stirring bar 220 mixes the base material 500 and the waste material 510, and supplies air to the acidic compost-like inoculum to accelerate the aerobic fermentation process. If the waste material 510 is above the stirring rod 220, it may remain above the stirring rod 220 without being stirred. If it is further put in too much, it will block the ventilation hole 230, malfunction of the fan or other blowing means, or obstruct the intake of air or the discharge of the evaporated water 520, causing a bad smell.

When the waste 510 is put in too much, the load applied to the stirring rod 220 becomes large and the torque for rotating the rotating shaft 210 increases, so that the current value of the motor also increases. The current value of the motor may be monitored by the current monitoring means while the stirring rod 220 is rotating, and the load on the stirring rod 220 may be detected to grasp an abnormality such as excessive insertion. It should be noted that the load applied to the stirring rod 220 is large even at the start of rotation or when the rotation is blocked by a foreign substance, so that the load at the timing when the waste material 510 is dried is compared with that at the normal time, for example, and the load is excessive. You can make the decision.

When the waste material 510 has dried, the operations of the motor of the stirring rod 220, the heating means 400, etc. are temporarily stopped. New waste material 510 is put into the treatment tank 200, and when the humidity inside the treatment tank 200 rises, the motor, the heating means 400, the blowing means, etc. are restarted. For the humidity, the water content may be measured by the water content measuring means 300. For example, a sensor such as a moisture meter as the moisture measuring unit 300 may be installed in the processing tank 200, and the amount of moisture may be detected from the resistance when a current is applied and converted into humidity. It is preferable that the sensor used in the processing tank 200 has corrosion resistance.

The operation of the motor or the like and the detection of the abnormality may be controlled by a control unit such as a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). In the control means, for example, the motor is normally rotated for a predetermined time, then reversely rotated for a predetermined time, and the switching is repeated a plurality of times to confirm whether or not it is dried. Control whether to pause or pause in cycle units.

As shown in FIG. 2, the control means executes each process of an initial process S100, a normal mode S200, a load determination S300, and a power saving mode S400. After executing the initial process S100, the process is continued while switching between the normal mode S200 and the power saving mode S400, and the load determination S300 is performed when switching from the normal mode S200 to the power saving mode S400.

In the initial process S100, a threshold value for determining the amount of water when the waste 510 is dried, an allowable value for determining the current as the load of the motor exceeds the allowable range, and the like are set. It should be noted that the preset threshold value, allowable value, or the like may be acquired from the storage device or the like.

Further, the heating means 400 and the blowing means are turned on to prepare for operating the motor. In addition, when the lid of the charging port 240 is opened, when the operating conditions are changed, when the temperature of the heating means 400 is adjusted, or when an abnormality occurs in the motor, the heating means 400, or the blowing means, etc. It is also possible to incorporate an interrupt process or the like that is executed in response.

The normal mode S200 is started by detecting that there is an unprocessed waste 510 having a large water content in the processing tank 200. In the normal mode S200, one cycle consists of repeating normal rotation and reverse rotation of the motor a plurality of times to determine the water content (humidity). It should be noted that by reversing the motor, the uneven stirring is eliminated. For example, if two cycles are repeated for 30 minutes, a normal rotation of 6 minutes, a standby time of 20 seconds, a reverse rotation of 6 minutes, a standby time of 20 seconds, a normal rotation of 6 minutes, a standby time of 20 seconds, a reverse rotation of 6 minutes, and a pause of 5 minutes are performed. Then, the water content may be measured.

The normal mode S200 continues until the waste 510 is dried. If the water content is measured and is higher than the threshold value set in the initial processing S100, the normal mode S200 is restarted from the beginning, and if the water content is lower than the threshold value, it is determined that the waste 510 has dried, and the load determination S300 is performed. Switch to the power saving mode S400. For example, when the garbage having a water content of 70 to 80% is dried to 10% or less, the threshold may be set to 10%.

When an electric resistance type moisture sensor is used as the moisture measuring means 300, a resistance value may be set as a threshold and compared with the resistance value measured by the moisture sensor. For example, if the resistance value is smaller than the threshold value, it is determined that the water content is large because the current easily flows, and if the resistance value is larger than the threshold value, it is determined that the water content is small because the current is difficult to flow.

In the load determination S300, the current value of the motor immediately before (the end of the normal mode S200) is acquired from the current monitoring unit to determine the load on the stirring rod 220. As shown in FIG. 3A, when the unprocessed waste 510 is charged, if the amount of water is large and there is stickiness, the load on the stirring rod 220 increases and the current value of the motor also increases. When the waste 510 is dried and becomes dry, the load on the stirring rod 220 is reduced, and the current value of the motor is reduced.

It should be noted that when the motor starts forward rotation or reverse rotation, the load on the stirring rod 220 increases for a moment, so it is preferable to make the determination at a dry time when the load (torque) of the motor stabilizes. If the current value of the motor is within the range of the allowable value set in the initial process S100, it is determined as normal, and the mode shifts to the power saving mode S400. If it is out of the range, an abnormality is detected, and a message or lamp is displayed. Warn workers etc.

For example, when the waste 510 is overfilled, the portion stirred by the stirring rod 220 is judged to be dried due to the progress of fermentation decomposition, but remains on the stirring rod 220 without being treated. Depending on the part, the load (current value) of the motor does not decrease. Therefore, in consideration of the error, for example, when the current value at the time of drying is higher than 10%, a warning is issued to discharge the treated waste 510.

Further, if a hard and large foreign matter is mixed in the processing tank 200, the load on the stirring rod 220 may increase. When the current value of the motor is continued in an abnormally high state, it may be controlled by the interrupt process to make an emergency stop. Further, the stirring rod 220 may be stopped by the foreign matter and may be broken, so that the load on the motor may be reduced more than usual. A warning is issued when these abnormalities are detected.

Further, the treatment tank 200 is adjusted to a temperature suitable for the fermentative decomposition of the waste material 510 by the acid compost-like inoculum by the heating means 400 and the temperature control means. When the heating means 400 is composed of a plurality of heaters, if some of the heaters are disconnected, for example, the remaining heaters may be controlled so as to increase the output so as to compensate. An allowable value may be set also in the heating means 400, and when the relationship between the heater temperature and the heater current value is outside the normal range, a warning may be issued as an abnormality.

Further, the treatment tank 200 takes in air to be supplied to the acidic compost-like inoculum by the air blowing means, and exhausts odor and water vapor generated by the fermentation decomposition of the waste 510. If the waste material 510 that has been put in too much is clogged in the ventilation hole 230 or the fan, the ventilation amount decreases. A permissible value may be set also in the air blowing means, and when the current value of the fan is out of the normal range, it may be warned that there is an abnormality.

The power saving mode S400 is started by detecting that the waste 510 in the processing tank 200 has dried. In the power saving mode S400, one cycle consists of waiting the motor for a predetermined time and determining the water content. For example, the water content may be measured after waiting for 30 minutes. In measuring the amount of water, the waste 510 may be stirred by rotating the motor in the normal or reverse direction.

The power saving mode S400 continues until a new waste material 510 is input and the water content increases. If the water content is measured and is lower than the threshold value set in the initial process S100, the power saving mode S400 is restarted from the beginning. .. The switching determination may be performed when the insertion port 240 is opened.

As shown in FIG. 3B, when the waste 510 is thrown in and the first cycle of the normal mode is started, the load of the motor increases for a moment at the time of switching to the forward rotation or the reverse rotation. The load on the motor decreases from the wet state to the dry state. If the waste 510 has a large amount of water and is not dried at the end of the first cycle, the second cycle is started.

When the waste 510 is dried at the end of the second cycle, the load of the motor at the end of the second cycle is equal to or less than the allowable value, and therefore the power saving mode is switched to. When the waste 510 is input during the power saving mode, the amount of water in the waste 510 increases at the end of the power saving mode, and thus the third cycle of the normal mode is started.

If the waste material 510 is dried at the end of the third cycle, the load of the motor at the end of the third cycle exceeds the allowable value, and therefore the organic waste is discharged until a warning is issued and the cause of the abnormality is eliminated. The operation of the processing device 100 is stopped.

According to the present invention, it is possible to detect the amount of organic waste in the processing tank and the abnormality of the contained substance and suppress the failure. That is, when it is detected that the organic waste is too much, it is possible to manage the composting so that the composting proceeds appropriately by issuing a warning to reduce the amount. Further, when it is detected that foreign matter is contained, a warning is issued to remove the foreign matter at an early stage, whereby failure of the processing tank can be prevented.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the organic waste treatment device may be IoT (Internet of Things) to be remotely monitored. That is, when a warning is displayed on the organic waste processing apparatus, the fact that an abnormality has occurred may be transmitted to the terminal of the observer via communication means such as the Internet. Further, it is also possible to store the operation history, maintenance history, and the like by using the cloud, and to deal with the abnormal situation by AI (artificial intelligence).

100: Organic waste treatment device 200: Treatment tank 210: Rotating shaft 220: Stirring bar 230: Vent 240: Input port 300: Moisture measuring means 400: Heating means 500: Base material 510: Waste 520: Moisture

Claims (6)

An organic waste treatment method for aerobically fermenting organic waste by mixing a base material carrying acidic compost-like inoculum contained in a treatment tank and rotating a stirring rod,
Obtaining a preset threshold value as the amount of water when the organic waste is dried, and a preset value as a current when the load of the motor for rotating the stirring rod in the normal direction or the reverse direction exceeds the allowable range When,
Switching between normal rotation and reverse rotation of the motor is controlled on a cycle-by-cycle basis, and at the end of each cycle, the water content in the processing tank is detected by the water content measuring means, and if it is less than the threshold value, the power saving mode is set. For example, the step to switch to normal mode,
At the time of switching between the power saving mode and the normal mode, when the current value of the motor when the stirring rod is rotated is acquired by the current monitoring means and the current value in the previous mode exceeds the permissible value, A step of warning that the load of the motor is abnormal, and
A method for treating organic waste, which is characterized in that An organic waste treatment method for aerobically fermenting organic waste by mixing a base material carrying acidic compost-like inoculum contained in a treatment tank and rotating a stirring rod,
Obtaining a preset threshold value as the amount of water when the organic waste is dried, and a preset value as a current when the load of the motor for rotating the stirring rod in the normal direction or the reverse direction exceeds the allowable range When,
The forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the motor are controlled on a cycle-by-cycle basis, and at the end of each cycle, the water content in the processing tank is detected by the water content measuring means, and if the water content is less than the threshold value, the power saving mode is set. For example, the step to switch to normal mode,
At the time of switching between the power saving mode and the normal mode, the current value of the motor when the stirring rod is rotated is acquired by the current monitoring means, and when the current value in the previous mode exceeds the permissible value, the processing is performed. A warning to discharge the used organic waste.
A method for treating organic waste, which is characterized in that The temperature of the heating means for maintaining the treatment tank at a temperature at which the acidic compost-like inoculum is activated has acquired a preset allowable value as a current out of the normal range, and the current value acquired in each cycle is When the allowable value is exceeded, a warning that the heating means is abnormal is issued,
The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that. While taking in air from the vent into the treatment tank, the amount of ventilation of the air blower for evaporating the water contained in the organic waste by fermentation heat to exhaust from the vent is preset as a current outside the normal range. If the current value acquired in each cycle exceeds the permissible value, a warning that the blower is abnormal is given,
The organic waste treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that. If the previously acquired a tolerance load of the motor is preset as the current out of the normal range, a current value obtained in each cycle was above the allowed value, warning that the motor is abnormal ,
The organic waste treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein Sending an error to the terminal via the Internet,
The method of treating organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein

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