JP6719733B2 - Soil modifier manufacturing method and soil modifier - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a soil modifying agent for modifying soil in agricultural land, and a soil modifying agent.

Conventionally, in order to promote the growth of agricultural products and prevent the occurrence of diseases, soil modifiers are sprayed on the soil to modify the soil.

For example, calcium is a nutrient essential for the growth of agricultural products, and when calcium is deficient, the growth of roots and leaves is inhibited and necrosis and other symptoms occur.

Sulfur content is also an essential nutrient for agricultural products, and when sulfur content is deficient, symptoms such as leaf yellowing occur.

Therefore, in order to prevent the lack of calcium and sulfur, calcium sulfate is used as a soil modifier to modify the soil of agricultural land (see Patent Document 1). By applying calcium sulfate to the soil, it is possible to supply the soil with calcium and sulfur necessary for plant growth.

JP-A-56-59891

As mentioned above, calcium sulfate is widely used as a soil modifier for supplying calcium and sulfur to the soil, but it is possible to supply these nutrients to the soil and enhance the supply efficiency of various nutrients. It is preferable that a modifier can be produced. Further, it is more preferable that such a soil modifying agent is easier to handle, that is, easier to disperse, and dust does not scatter during transportation or spraying.

Therefore, the present invention has been devised in view of the above-mentioned problems, and can supply calcium and sulfur to the soil, and the supply efficiency of various nutrients is a soil modifier consisting of calcium sulfate alone. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a soil modifier which is higher in price and easier to handle, and such a soil modifier.

The method for producing a soil modifying agent according to the present invention comprises a kneading step of kneading a mixture of a raw material and a fulvic acid solution containing sulfate ions and calcium ions as one body or separate bodies, and granulating the kneaded mixture. And a drying step of drying the granulated mixture.

According to the method for producing a soil modifying agent of the present invention described above, it is possible to supply calcium and sulfur to the soil, and due to the effect of fulvic acid that promotes the elution of minerals, the supply efficiency of various nutrients is carbonated. It is possible to manufacture a soil modifier higher than a soil modifier composed of calcium alone. Further, according to the method for producing a soil modifying agent of the present invention, it is possible to produce a soil modifying agent which is granular and easy to be sprayed and mixed in the soil, and dust is not sprayed at the time of spraying.

In the method for producing a soil improver according to the present invention described above, 10 to 20 cc of the fulvic acid diluted 200 times with water in the kneading step may be added to 20 kg of the raw material. This makes it possible to suppress the production cost while sufficiently exerting the effect of promoting absorption of nutrients by fulvic acid.

The above-described method for producing a soil modifying agent according to the present invention may include a curing step in which the drying step is allowed to stand for 24 hours or more in a temperature environment of room temperature or higher. As a result, the soil modifier can be hardened and made easier to handle.

In the method for producing a soil modifying agent according to the present invention described above, the average molecular weight of fulvic acid contained in the fulvic acid solution may be 0.1×10 ^{3 to} 4.5×10 ³ .

In the above-described method for producing a soil improver according to the present invention, the fulvic acid solution is extracted by corroding acid with 0.1 М alkali solution for 1 kg of soil, and 0.1 MH hydrochloric acid is further added. It may be the remaining supernatant liquid obtained by precipitating humic acid.

The soil modifying agent according to the present invention is a granular material containing a raw material containing a sulfate ion and a calcium ion integrally or separately and a fulvic acid having an average molecular weight of 0.1×10 ^{3 to} 4.5×10 ³ . Is characterized in that

According to the soil modifying agent of the present invention described above, calcium and sulfur can be supplied to the soil, and due to the effect of fulvic acid that promotes the elution of minerals, the supply efficiency of various nutrients can be increased from calcium carbonate alone. The soil modifier can be higher than the soil modifier. Further, according to the soil modifying agent of the present invention, it can be a soil modifying agent which is granular and easy to be sprayed and mixed in the soil, and dust is not sprayed at the time of spraying.

According to the present invention having the above-mentioned configuration, it is possible to supply calcium and sulfur to the soil, and the absorption efficiency of various nutrients is higher than that of the soil modifier consisting of calcium sulfate alone, and the soil reforming is easier to handle. It is possible to provide a method for producing an agent and a soil modifier.

It is a flow chart which shows the manufacturing method of the soil modification agent concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the electric conductivity of the soil using the soil modifying agent which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a graph which shows the cation exchange capacity of the soil using the soil modifying agent which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a graph which shows the C/N ratio of the soil modifying agent which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a graph which shows the base saturation of the soil using the soil modifying agent which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a graph which shows the amount of effective phosphates of the soil using the soil modifying agent which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a graph which shows the exchangeable magnesium content of the soil using the soil modifying agent which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a graph which shows the amount of exchangeable potassium of the soil using the soil modifier which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a graph which shows the exchangeable sodium content of the soil using the soil modifying agent which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a graph which shows the amount of free iron oxides of the soil using the soil modifying agent which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a graph which shows the amount of exchangeable manganese of the soil using the soil modifier which concerns on the Example of this invention.

Hereinafter, a method for producing a soil modifying agent according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

The soil modifier manufactured by the method for manufacturing a soil modifier according to the present embodiment is manufactured using a mixture of a raw material containing calcium sulfate and fulvic acid diluted with water.

Calcium sulfate (CaSO ₄ ) is the main component of gypsum, and when dissolved in water it becomes calcium ions (Ca ²⁺ ) and sulfate ions (SO ₄ ²⁻ ), which can supply calcium and sulfur to the soil. it can. In addition to calcium sulfate, the raw material containing calcium sulfate may include, for example, chicken manure, cow manure, carbonized chicken manure, charcoal, bamboo charcoal, etc., which are fertilizers, but in that case, the main component is calcium sulfate. You may include only calcium carbonate as a raw material. In addition, although calcium sulfate is used as the sulfuric acid component and the calcium component in the present embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and different raw materials may be used as the supply sources of the sulfate ion and the calcium ion, respectively.

Fulvic acid is an amorphous polymeric organic acid that is not precipitated by acid among humic substances, which are the final products obtained by the decomposition of plants by microorganisms. Since fulvic acid can form a complex with many metals, it has a function of promoting the elution of minerals and retaining its nutrients.

Next, each step of the method for producing a soil modifying agent according to this embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for producing a soil modifying agent according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, a kneading step of mixing and kneading a mixture of a raw material containing calcium sulfate and fulvic acid diluted with water is performed (step S1). The fulvic acid diluent used in this embodiment is fulvic acid diluted 200 times with water, and 10 to 20 cc, preferably 16 cc is added to 20 kg of the raw material containing calcium sulfate. By using the fulvic acid aqueous solution with this concentration and addition amount, it becomes possible to suppress the manufacturing cost while sufficiently exerting the absorption promoting effect of the nutrients. The raw material is prepared so that the main component of the raw material is calcium sulfate. The kneading step is performed using a commercially available kneader.

Next, a granulation step of granulating the kneaded mixture is performed (step S2). The granulation step is performed by a commercially available granulator. The particle size is 5 mm to 7 mm. If it is less than 5 mm, it may be scattered by wind when sprayed on the soil, and proper spraying may not be possible. Further, if it exceeds 7 mm, it becomes difficult to spray the soil uniformly.

Next, a drying process of drying the granulated mixture is performed (step S3). The drying step is performed by drying the granules at a temperature of 110°C to 150°C. The drying time at this time varies depending on the particle size, but if the drying is insufficient, the granules adhere to each other and form a dumpling, which makes spraying difficult. On the other hand, if it is dried too much, the granules may rub against each other during transportation and become powdery. Therefore, it is important to keep an appropriate amount of water.

Next, after the drying step, a curing step is performed in which the dried mixture is allowed to stand in a temperature environment of room temperature or higher for 24 hours or more (step S4). As a result, the soil modifier can be hardened and made easier to handle. Note that this curing step is not an essential step and can be omitted if the mixture has been sufficiently cured in the above-mentioned drying step.

In this way, the soil modifier is completed through the processes of steps S1 to S4 (step S3 when step S4 is omitted).

According to the method for producing a soil modifier according to the present embodiment described above, calcium and sulfur can be supplied to the soil, and due to the effect of fulvic acid that promotes the elution of minerals, the supply efficiency of various nutrients is sulfuric acid. It is possible to produce soil modifiers that are higher than calcium. Further, according to the method for producing a soil modifying agent of the present invention, it is possible to produce a soil modifying agent which is granular and easy to be sprayed and mixed in the soil, and dust is not sprayed at the time of spraying.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited to the examples below.

Example of Manufacturing Soil Modifier A soil modifying agent was prepared by mixing 16 cc of a fulvic acid solution with 20 kg of calcium sulfate and using the manufacturing method described above (steps S1 to S4 in FIG. 1).

In the preparation of the fulvic acid solution, first, the surface soil (soil located 2 to 7 cm from the surface) is sampled from the plain forest in Isehara City, and corrosive acid is extracted with 0.1 М alkaline solution per 1 kg of surface soil. Was done. Then, 0.1M hydrochloric acid was added to this extract to precipitate humic acid, and the remaining supernatant was used as a fulvic acid solution. The average molecular weight of the fulvic acid extracted at this time was 0.1×10 ^{3 to} 4.5×10 ³ .

As the fulvic acid solution, three aqueous solutions having different dilutions of 100 times (E-100), 200 times (E-200), and 300 times (E-300) are prepared, and the fulvic acid solution of each dilution is used. Then, the soil modifier was manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method. In addition, as a comparative example, 20 kg of calcium sulfate was mixed with 16 cc of water, and similarly, a soil modifying agent (E-0) for comparison was prepared through a granulating step, a drying step and a curing step.

Electrical conductivity (EC)
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the electric conductivity of soil using the soil modifier according to the example of the present invention. The electrical conductivity (EC) is an index showing the concentration of salts in the soil, especially the residual amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and the higher the EC, the more the nutrients remain. EC was measured at room temperature (25° C.) using a commercially available EC meter. As compared with the comparative example of E-0, an increase in EC was observed in the soil in which the three samples of E-100, E-200, and E-300 were sprayed. That is, it was confirmed that the soil using the soil modifying agent containing fulvic acid contained more nutrients.

Cation exchange capacity (CEC)
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the cation exchange capacity of soil using the soil modifier according to the example of the present invention. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is the maximum value at which soil particles can adsorb cations. The soil modifying agent manufactured by the method for manufacturing a soil modifying agent according to the present invention is better to release cations, which means that the lower the CEC, the better. CEC measurements were performed at room temperature using the Schorenberger method. The weight of the soil filled in the leaching pipe was 10 g. The CEC of the soil sprayed with the three samples of E-100, E-200, and E-300 was slightly higher than that of the soil sprayed with E-0, but all were 1 cmol(+) kg. ^The value was as low as ^-1 . That is, it was confirmed that the soil modifiers according to the present examples had almost no decrease in the cation release property as compared with E-0.

C/N Ratio FIG. 4 is a graph showing the C/N ratio of the soil modifier according to the example of the present invention. The C/N ratio indicates the ratio of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N). A material with a higher C/N ratio tends to be less likely to rot, and a material having a ratio of 10 or less tends to rot. .. The C/N ratio was measured using a C-H-N coder MT-6 manufactured by Yanaco. Since the C/N ratios of the three samples of E-100, E-200, and E-300 are higher than those of the sample of E-0, the addition of fulvic acid makes it less likely to decompose. It can be seen that it is a soil modifier.

Base Saturation FIG. 5 is a graph showing the base saturation of soil using the soil modifier according to the example of the present invention. The base saturation is a numerical value indicating what percentage of the base substitution capacity (CEC) of soil is occupied by the base. The base saturation was determined by leaching each base (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium) in the sample using the ammonium acetate leaching method after the CEC measurement described above, and measuring the amount of each exchangeable base at room temperature by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. After the measurement, it was calculated by calculating each exchangeable base amount/CEC×100 (%). When the base saturation is 100%, the soil retains the base to the limit. Since there are more bases in the soil where the cation exchange loci are saturated, these bases are in the form of salts that are deposited in the soil, and the base saturation exceeds the value of CEC. ing.

Effective Phosphoric Acid Amount FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effective phosphoric acid amount of soil using the soil modifier according to the example of the present invention. Phosphoric acid is mainly related to flowering and fruit set, and lack of phosphoric acid leads to a decrease in crop yield. The amount of available phosphoric acid was measured by measuring the amount of available phosphoric acid by the Truog method. As shown in FIG. 6, the amount of effective phosphoric acid in the soil using the three samples E-100, E-200, and E-300 is the same as the amount of effective phosphoric acid in the soil using the sample E-0. It is about twice as high as the comparison. From this, it can be seen that the soil using the soil modifying agent containing fulvic acid contains more phosphoric acid.

Exchangeable Magnesium Content FIG. 7 is a graph showing the exchangeable magnesium content of soil using the soil modifier according to the example of the present invention. Magnesium (Mg) is a component that constitutes chlorophyll and promotes activation of various enzymes in plants. The exchangeable magnesium was measured by measuring the amount of magnesium in the leachate by the above-described Scholenberger method under room temperature conditions. As shown in FIG. 7, the amount of exchangeable magnesium in the soil using the three samples E-100, E-200, and E-300 was compared with the amount of exchangeable magnesium in the soil using the sample E-0. It is about twice as high. This shows that the soil using the soil modifier containing fulvic acid contains more magnesium.

Exchangeable Potassium Amount FIG. 8 is a graph showing the exchangeable potassium amount of soil using the soil modifier according to the example of the present invention. Potassium (K) mainly promotes root development. The amount of exchangeable potassium in the soil using the three samples E-100, E-200, and E-300 is about 10% higher than the amount of exchangeable potassium in the soil using the sample E-0. There is. This shows that the soil using the soil-modifying agent containing fulvic acid contains more potassium.

Exchangeable Sodium Amount FIG. 9 is a graph showing the exchangeable sodium amount of soil using the soil modifier according to the example of the present invention. Sodium (Na) is a trace element effective for the growth of specific crops. The amount of exchangeable sodium was measured under room temperature conditions by measuring the amount of sodium in the leachate by the Scholenberger method described above using a measurement flame photometric method. The amount of exchangeable sodium in the soil using the three samples E-100, E-200, and E-300 is about 30% higher than the amount of exchangeable sodium in the soil using the sample E-0. There is. This shows that the soil using the soil-modifying agent containing fulvic acid contains more sodium.

Amount of Free Iron Oxide FIG. 10 is a graph showing the amount of free iron oxide in soil using the soil modifier according to the example of the present invention. Iron (Fe) is a constituent of an enzyme involved in the synthesis of a chlorophyll precursor and also involved in a photosynthetic chemical reaction. The measurement of the amount of free iron oxide was performed by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis method with respect to an extract of soil with sodium thiosulfate and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). The amount of free iron oxide in the soil using the three samples E-100, E-200, and E-300 is about 40% higher than the amount of free iron oxide in the soil using the sample E-0. There is. This shows that the soil using the soil-modifying agent containing fulvic acid contains more iron.

Amount of exchangeable manganese Fig. 11 is a graph showing the amount of exchangeable manganese in soil using the soil modifier according to the example of the present invention. Manganese (Mn) is an element that plays a physiologically important role in chlorophyll production, photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and the like. The amount of exchangeable manganese was measured by measuring the amount of manganese in the leachate by the above-mentioned Scholenberger method with an atomic absorption photometer under room temperature conditions. The amount of exchangeable manganese in the soil using the three samples of E-100, E-200, and E-300 is about 25% higher than the amount of exchangeable manganese in the soil using the sample of E-0. There is. This shows that the soil using the soil modifier containing fulvic acid contains more manganese.

According to the method for producing a soil modifier according to the present invention, calcium and sulfur can be supplied to the soil, and due to the effect of fulvic acid that promotes the elution of minerals, the supply efficiency of various nutrients is only from calcium sulfate. It is possible to manufacture a soil modifier higher than the soil modifier. Further, according to the method for producing a soil modifying agent of the present invention, it is possible to produce a soil modifying agent which is granular and easy to be sprayed and mixed in the soil, and dust is not sprayed at the time of spraying.

In particular, according to the method for producing a soil modifier according to the present invention, the electrical conductivity (EC) of soil, cation exchange capacity (CEC), C/N ratio, base saturation, amount of effective phosphate, exchangeable magnesium. It is possible to produce a soil modifying agent capable of increasing the amount, the amount of exchangeable potassium, the amount of exchangeable sodium, the amount of free iron oxide, and the amount of exchangeable manganese that is higher than that of a soil modifier composed of calcium sulfate alone.

Claims (3)

A kneading step of kneading calcium sulfate and a fulvic acid solution having an average molecular weight of 0.1×10 ^{3 to} 4.5×10 ³ .
A granulation step of granulating the mixture obtained by the kneading,
A drying step of drying the mixture obtained by the granulation,
Only including,
The method for producing a soil modifier , wherein the fulvic acid solution is the remaining supernatant liquid obtained by extracting caustic acid from soil with an alkaline solution and further adding hydrochloric acid to precipitate humic acid . The method for producing a soil modifying agent according to claim 1, further comprising a curing step of allowing the mixture to stand still in a temperature environment of room temperature or higher for 24 hours or more after the drying step. A soil modifier comprising calcium sulfate and fulvic acid having an average molecular weight of 0.1×10 ^{3 to} 4.5×10 ³ and substantially not containing humic acid.