JP6711607B2 - 雪質測定装置及び雪質測定方法 - Google Patents
雪質測定装置及び雪質測定方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6711607B2 JP6711607B2 JP2015244797A JP2015244797A JP6711607B2 JP 6711607 B2 JP6711607 B2 JP 6711607B2 JP 2015244797 A JP2015244797 A JP 2015244797A JP 2015244797 A JP2015244797 A JP 2015244797A JP 6711607 B2 JP6711607 B2 JP 6711607B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- snow
- reflectors
- measuring device
- snow quality
- quality
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005413 snowmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/885—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/185—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are plane
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
上記複数の反射器は、地表から所定の複数の高さにそれぞれ設置される。
上記送波器は、上記複数の反射器に向けて電波を放射する。
上記受信器は、上記複数の反射器からの上記電波の反射波を受信する。
上記測定器は、上記送受信器で受信された上記複数の反射器からの各反射波に基づき、上記地表上の積雪について上記所定の複数の高さでの雪質を測定する。
複数の反射器からの各反射波の電気的距離は、積雪量と雪質により変動し、その変動量が各反射波の送受信器への戻り時間の遅延量に現れる。そして、その遅延量は、各反射器を被覆する雪の誘電率に密接な相関を有するため、当該遅延量から各反射器上の雪質を特定することが可能となる。
上記複数の反射器からの前記電波の反射波が受信される。
受信された上記複数の反射器からの各反射波に基づき、上記地表上の積雪について上記所定の複数の高さでの雪質が測定される。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る雪質測定装置の概略構成図である。
本実施形態の雪質測定装置1は、典型的には、積雪の多い山間部や平野部等に設置され、地表に積もった雪の深さや雪質等を無人で測定することが可能に構成される。
雪質測定装置1は、地表Eから所定の複数の高さ位置にそれぞれ設置され積雪に埋もれた複数の反射器Rに向けて電波Wを放射し、複数の反射器Rからの上記電波の反射波RWを受信し、受信された各反射波RWに基づき、地表E上の積雪について上記所定の複数の高さ位置での雪質を測定する。
t0=2T0/c …(1)
t1=2{T0+T(√(ε)−1)}/c …(2)
したがって、積雪の比誘電率εは、以下のように表される。
ε={(c・t1−2T0)/2T+1}2 …(3)
T=T0−c・ts/2 …(4)
ε4={(c・t4s−2T4)/2T+1}2 …(5)
と表される。
Δt=t3s−t4s=2(T3−T4)・√(ε3)/c
と表され、これをε3について解くと、
ε3={c・(t3s−t4s)/2(T3−T4)}2 …(6)
となる。
ε2={c・(t2s−t3s)/2(T2−T3)}2 …(7)
と表され、反射器R1の地表からの高さをT1[m](本例ではゼロ)、反射器R1を経由した反射波RW1の戻り時間をt1s[s]とすると、雪質1の比誘電率ε1は、
ε1={c・(t1s−t2s)/2(T1−T2)}2 …(8)
と表される。
ε(n)={c・(t(n)s−t(n+1)s)/2(T(n)−T(n+1))}2 …(9)
図7は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る雪質測定装置の概略構成図である。以下、第1の実施形態と異なる構成について主に説明し、第1の実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付しその説明を省略または簡略化する。
図8は、本発明の第3の実施形態に係る雪質測定装置の概略構成図である。以下、第1の実施形態と異なる構成について主に説明し、第1の実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付しその説明を省略または簡略化する。
10,101,102,103,104…送受信器
20…測定器
E…地表
R,R1,R2,R3,R4…反射器
S…積雪
W…電波
RW…反射波
Claims (4)
- 地表から所定の複数の高さにそれぞれ設置された複数の反射器と、
前記複数の反射器に向けて電波を放射する少なくとも1つの送波器と、
前記複数の反射器からの前記電波の反射波を受信する少なくとも1つの受信器と、
前記受信器で受信された前記複数の反射器からの各反射波に基づき、前記地表上の積雪について前記所定の複数の高さでの雪質を測定する測定器と
を具備し、
前記送波器は、前記地表に対向して設置され、前記複数の反射器に同時に前記電波を放射する単一の送波器で構成され、
前記受信器は、前記複数の反射器からの前記電波の反射波を共通に受信する単一の受信器で構成される
雪質測定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の雪質測定装置であって、
前記測定器は、積雪がないときの前記複数の反射器からの各反射波の戻り時間を基準とする、積雪があるときの前記戻り時間の遅延量に基づき、前記所定の複数の高さでの雪質を測定する
雪質測定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の雪質測定装置であって、
前記複数の反射器は、地表に設置された第1の反射器を含み、
前記測定器は、積雪がないときの前記第1の反射器からの反射波の戻り時間を基準とする、積雪表面からの反射波の戻り時間に基づき、前記地表上の積雪の深さを測定する
雪質測定装置。 - 地表から所定の複数の高さにそれぞれ設置され積雪に埋もれた複数の反射器に向けて電波を、前記地表に対向して設置された単一の送波器で同時に放射し、
前記複数の反射器からの前記電波の反射波を単一の受信器で共通に受信し、
受信された前記複数の反射器からの各反射波に基づき、前記地表上の積雪について前記所定の複数の高さでの雪質を測定する
雪質測定方法。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015244797A JP6711607B2 (ja) | 2015-12-16 | 2015-12-16 | 雪質測定装置及び雪質測定方法 |
US15/380,986 US10495747B2 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2016-12-15 | Snow quality measuring apparatus and snow quality measuring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015244797A JP6711607B2 (ja) | 2015-12-16 | 2015-12-16 | 雪質測定装置及び雪質測定方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2017110983A JP2017110983A (ja) | 2017-06-22 |
JP6711607B2 true JP6711607B2 (ja) | 2020-06-17 |
Family
ID=59064351
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015244797A Active JP6711607B2 (ja) | 2015-12-16 | 2015-12-16 | 雪質測定装置及び雪質測定方法 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10495747B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6711607B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014170895A1 (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-10-23 | Xsight Systems Ltd. | Contaminant detection and bird risk management at airports |
JP6769945B2 (ja) | 2017-12-26 | 2020-10-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 媒質センサー装置および監視システム |
US10971818B2 (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-04-06 | Elwha Llc | Open cavity system for directed amplification of radio frequency signals |
JP7222837B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-16 | 2023-02-15 | 株式会社Subaru | 積雪状況観測システム |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3801779A (en) * | 1972-05-03 | 1974-04-02 | Sluis D Ver | Snowfall level detector |
BR8807743A (pt) * | 1988-07-27 | 1990-08-07 | Univ Kazakhsky | Dispositivo para a medicao do teor de umidade do solo e da reserva de agua na neve |
JPH03272492A (ja) * | 1990-03-22 | 1991-12-04 | Yokokawa Uezatsuku Kk | 雪情報マルチセンサー |
JPH07104417B2 (ja) | 1992-08-13 | 1995-11-13 | 科学技術庁防災科学技術研究所長 | 複合センサー付き積雪検層ゾンデ |
JP2869692B2 (ja) | 1992-11-12 | 1999-03-10 | 通研電気工業株式会社 | 超音波積雪深測定法と超音波積雪深測定装置。 |
US5594250A (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1997-01-14 | Condreva; Kenneth J. | Method for detecting water equivalent of snow using secondary cosmic gamma radiation |
US5864059A (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 1999-01-26 | The Army Corps Of Engineers As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Self-recording snow depth probe |
JPH1114434A (ja) * | 1997-06-24 | 1999-01-22 | Wall Natsuto:Kk | 堆積物測定方法、堆積物測定装置、積雪測定方法および積雪測定装置 |
JP3432758B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-09 | 2003-08-04 | 横河電子機器株式会社 | 電波積雪計 |
JP3680113B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-06 | 2005-08-10 | 独立行政法人電子航法研究所 | 誘電率の測定方法及び誘電率測定装置 |
US6621448B1 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-09-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Non-contact radar system for reconstruction of scenes obscured under snow and similar material |
KR20030087593A (ko) * | 2003-10-07 | 2003-11-14 | 선진테크 주식회사 | 광학 적설계 및 그를 통한 적설 관측방법 |
JP2007010568A (ja) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-18 | Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd | 土壌乾燥密度の測定方法、土壌締め固め度合いの判定方法及び土壌締め固め度合いの判定装置 |
JP2007078479A (ja) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-29 | Niigata Denki Kk | 積雪層構造計測方法及びその計測装置 |
US7924216B2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2011-04-12 | Rosemount Tank Radar Ab | Method of determining a disturbance echo profile for a radar level gauge system |
JP4637216B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-29 | 2011-02-23 | 独立行政法人水資源機構 | 降雪深観測装置及び降雪深観測方法 |
US8018373B2 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2011-09-13 | Rosemount Tank Radar Ab | System and method for filling level determination |
US20110219868A1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-15 | Lane John Michael | Apparatus for detecting snow depth |
ITTO20110473A1 (it) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-01 | Torino Politecnico | Metodo e dispositivo per misurare le caratteristiche della neve, in particolare la densita? |
KR101270655B1 (ko) * | 2011-08-25 | 2013-06-03 | 대한민국 | 고정식 적설판 |
US8963769B2 (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2015-02-24 | Magnetrol International, Incorporated | Guided wave radar interface measurement medium identification |
US20140366648A1 (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-12-18 | Avatech, Inc. | Methods, apparatus and systems for measuring snow structure and stability |
CZ306905B6 (cs) * | 2013-06-11 | 2017-09-06 | Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze | Způsob pro stanovení vodní hodnoty sněhu sněhové vrstvy a zařízení pro provádění tohoto způsobu |
-
2015
- 2015-12-16 JP JP2015244797A patent/JP6711607B2/ja active Active
-
2016
- 2016-12-15 US US15/380,986 patent/US10495747B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10495747B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
JP2017110983A (ja) | 2017-06-22 |
US20170176587A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6711607B2 (ja) | 雪質測定装置及び雪質測定方法 | |
US7893862B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for using collimated and linearly polarized millimeter wave beams at Brewster's angle of incidence in ground penetrating radar to detect objects located in the ground | |
CN103792531B (zh) | 基于天线阵的多目标微位移测量方法 | |
US7830302B1 (en) | Remote sensing of wave heights using a narrowband radar arrangement | |
CN107300561A (zh) | 基于多遥感器联合探测的海洋盐度卫星 | |
KR101238387B1 (ko) | 초음파를 이용한 빙해수조 얼음두께 계측 시스템 및 그 계측 방법 | |
Tiusanen | Attenuation of a soil scout radio signal | |
Ayhan et al. | Millimeter-wave radar sensor for snow height measurements | |
CN110988884A (zh) | 一种基于高频地波雷达的中纬度电离层探测方法 | |
Yasuda et al. | Horizontal atmospheric delay measurement using wireless two-way interferometry (Wi-Wi) | |
JP5932746B2 (ja) | 媒質境界の位置計測システム | |
JP6722002B2 (ja) | 地盤変位観測システム、及びそれに用いる測標 | |
US20060089759A1 (en) | Systems and methods for performing high accurate distance measuring for radar altimeters | |
RU2262718C1 (ru) | Способ измерения толщины снежного покрова | |
US10571327B2 (en) | Water level measuring device | |
Kenney et al. | Precise positioning with wireless sensor nodes: Monitoring natural hazards in all terrains | |
US5808741A (en) | Method for remotely determining sea surface roughness and wind speed at a water surface | |
KR101380694B1 (ko) | 전자기파를 이용한 수중 거리측정방법 | |
RU2510608C1 (ru) | Способ измерения толщины льда с подводного носителя | |
CN111141312B (zh) | 克服无线电高度表测高失效或测高精度下降的方法 | |
JP3484995B2 (ja) | 瞬時パッシブ距離測定装置 | |
RU2452977C1 (ru) | Способ измерения расстояния до контролируемого объекта | |
RU2684965C1 (ru) | Нелинейная радиолокационная система для автоматического управления тормозами локомотива | |
RU2452979C1 (ru) | Способ измерения расстояния до контролируемого объекта | |
Henry et al. | 3D scanning radar for the remote reading of passive electromagnetic sensors |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20181213 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20190828 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20190924 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20191111 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20200204 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20200330 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20200512 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20200528 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6711607 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |