JP6698185B2 - Method for manufacturing fireproof wood structural material - Google Patents
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- JP6698185B2 JP6698185B2 JP2019004786A JP2019004786A JP6698185B2 JP 6698185 B2 JP6698185 B2 JP 6698185B2 JP 2019004786 A JP2019004786 A JP 2019004786A JP 2019004786 A JP2019004786 A JP 2019004786A JP 6698185 B2 JP6698185 B2 JP 6698185B2
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Description
本発明は、耐火木製構造材に関する。 The present invention relates to a fireproof wooden structural material.
木材は、火災時に外部から加熱されると表面が燃えて炭化層が形成される、この炭化層が木材の表面に均一に形成されると木材内部への熱の侵入が抑制され、木材内部の構造的な劣化が抑制される。この特性を利用し、柱や梁等に使用する木材を太くし、燃焼後の木材の内部に長期荷重を支持し得る健全な断面が確保されるように、木材の表面に、燃えて炭化層を形成すべき所定の厚みの燃えしろを設ける技術が知られている。このような燃えしろを設けた構造材等を主要構造部に用いて、木造建築物を準耐火建築物とすることも行われている。 When wood is heated from the outside in the event of a fire, the surface burns to form a carbonized layer.If this carbonized layer is uniformly formed on the surface of the wood, heat penetration into the wood is suppressed, and Structural deterioration is suppressed. By utilizing this characteristic, the wood used for pillars and beams, etc. is made thicker, and the burned carbonized layer is burned on the surface of the wood so that a healthy cross section capable of supporting long-term loads is secured inside the wood after combustion. There is known a technique of providing a burn-off portion having a predetermined thickness to form a crevice. It is also practiced to make a wooden building a quasi-fireproof building by using a structural material provided with such a burning margin for a main structural portion.
木材や木材と他の材料との複合材の表面に燃えしろを設けて、耐火材の部材を得る技術は種々提案されており、例えば、特許文献１には、長期荷重を支持するに足り木材等からなる荷重支持層の外側に、不燃材にしてかつ断熱層を有する断熱材を有した燃えどまり層を設け、さらにその外側に、所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを設けた構造材が提案されている。また、特許文献２には、荷重支持層の外側に、難燃薬剤を注入した木材による燃えどまり層を設け、その外側に難燃薬剤を含まない表層を備えた耐火集成材が提案されている。また、特許文献３には、長期荷重を支持するに足り木材等からなる荷重支持層の外側に、所定の燃えしろ厚さを有し荷重支持層より熱慣性を低くした木材からなる燃えしろ層を備えた構造材が提案されている。 Various techniques have been proposed for obtaining a refractory member by providing a burning margin on the surface of wood or a composite material of wood and another material. For example, in Patent Document 1, wood sufficient to support a long-term load is proposed. A burn-out layer having a heat insulating material that is a non-combustible material and has a heat insulating layer is provided on the outside of the load supporting layer made of A structural material provided with is proposed. Further, Patent Document 2 proposes a fire-resistant laminated material having a burn-out layer made of wood injected with a flame-retardant agent on the outside of the load supporting layer, and a surface layer containing no flame-retardant agent on the outside thereof. . Further, in Patent Document 3, a flare layer made of wood having a predetermined flammable thickness and a lower thermal inertia than the load support layer is provided outside a load support layer made of wood or the like sufficient to support a long-term load. The structural material provided with is proposed.
特許文献１の構造材のように、木材と不燃材等の異種材料を組み合わせた構造材や、特許文献２の耐火集成材のように、難燃薬剤を用いたものは、製造工程が複雑となり製造コストが高くなる。特許文献３の構造材においては、荷重支持層より外側に、荷重支持層より熱慣性を低くした木材からなる燃えしろ層を設けており、荷重支持層より熱慣性を高くした木材からなる燃えしろ層については記載されていない。 The manufacturing process is complicated for the structural material in which different kinds of materials such as wood and non-combustible material are combined like the structural material in Patent Document 1 and the fire retardant laminated material in Patent Document 2 where the flame retardant agent is used. Manufacturing costs are high. In the structural material of Patent Document 3, a burnout layer made of wood having a lower thermal inertia than the load support layer is provided outside the load support layer, and a burnout layer made of wood having a higher thermal inertia than the load support layer is provided. The layers are not mentioned.
従って、本発明の目的は、燃えどまり層が高い燃えどまり機能を発現し、耐火性能に優れ、製造も容易な耐火木製構造材を提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a fireproof wood structural material in which the burnt-out layer exhibits a high burn-out function, has excellent fire resistance and is easy to manufacture.
本発明は、長期荷重を支持する木製の荷重支持部と該荷重支持部を被覆する木製の燃えどまり層とを備え、前記燃えどまり層の構成木材は、晩材率が２０％以上、晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上である、耐火木製構造材を提供することにより、上記目的を達成したものである。 The present invention includes a wooden load supporting portion that supports a long-term load and a wooden burnt layer that covers the load supporting portion, and the wood constituting the burnable layer has a late lumber ratio of 20% or more and a late lumber. The above object is achieved by providing a refractory wood structural material having a dimension of 0.6 mm or more.
本発明の耐火木製構造材によれば、燃えどまり層の燃焼時に形状保持性に優れた炭化層が形成され、優れた耐火性能が得られるとともに、製造も容易である。 According to the fire-resistant wood structural material of the present invention, a carbonized layer having excellent shape retention is formed when the burnt-up layer is burned, excellent fire resistance performance is obtained, and production is easy.
以下、本発明をその好ましい実施形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。
本発明の第１実施形態の耐火木製構造材１は、木造建築物の梁として使用される構造用の角材であり、使用時に鉛直方向の上側に配される上面ａ、鉛直方向の下側に配される下面ｂ、及び２つ側面ｃ，ｃを有している。
本発明の第２実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ａは、木造建築物の柱として使用される構造用の角材であり、使用時に鉛直方向に延びて配される４側面ｅ１〜ｅ４を備えている。
第１及び第２実施形態の耐火木製構造材１，１Ａは、図１（ａ）及び図２（ａ）に示すように、それぞれの断面に、長期荷重を支持する木製の荷重支持部１１と該荷重支持部１１を被覆する木製の燃えどまり層１２とを備えている。荷重支持部１１は、荷重支持部１１単独で、固定荷重、積載荷重、積雪荷重の長期に生ずる荷重（長期荷重）に対して構造耐力上安全であるようにその断面設計がなされる。斯かる断面設計は公知である。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on its preferred embodiments.
The fire-resistant wooden structure material 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention is a structural square bar used as a beam of a wooden building, and has an upper surface a arranged on the upper side in the vertical direction during use and a lower surface in the vertical direction. It has a bottom surface b arranged and two side surfaces c, c.
The fire resistant wood structural material 1A of the second embodiment of the present invention is a structural square bar used as a pillar of a wooden building, and has four side surfaces e1 to e4 which are arranged to extend in the vertical direction during use. .
As shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 2(a), the fire-resistant wooden structural members 1 and 1A of the first and second embodiments have a wooden load supporting portion 11 for supporting a long-term load in each cross section. And a wood burnout layer 12 covering the load support 11. The load support section 11 is designed to have a cross-sectional design such that the load support section 11 alone is safe in terms of structural strength against a long-term load (long-term load) such as a fixed load, a load, and a snow load. Such cross-sectional designs are known.
火災時の木材の炭化速度は一般に毎分０．６〜１．０ｍｍと言われており、例えば１時間の準耐火性能に対しては４５ｍｍの木材被覆を設ける燃えしろ設計が行われている。しかし、耐火性能になると火災終了後、自然に火が消えることが性能上要求されるため、厚さを増しただけの木材被覆では断熱層になる炭化層の形状保持性が十分ではなく、所定の耐火性能を確保することができない。
これに対して、第１及び第２実施形態の耐火木製構造材１，１Ａにおいては、燃えどまり層１２の構成木材に、晩材率が２０％以上であり且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上である樹種の木材を用いていることによって、燃えどまり層１２の燃焼時に形状保持性に優れた炭化層が形成される。また、晩材率が２０％以上であり且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上である樹種の木材は、一定の熱容量を有していることから、断熱を期待できる形状保持性に優れた炭化層下の熱容量を効率的にいかすことで、より高い耐火性能が得られる。
The carbonization rate of wood in a fire is generally said to be 0.6 to 1.0 mm per minute, and for example, a burning margin design with a wood coating of 45 mm is performed for quasi fire resistance of 1 hour. However, when it comes to fireproof performance, it is required for the fire to extinguish naturally after the fire ends.Therefore, with a wood coating that is just thickened, the shape retention of the carbonized layer that becomes the heat insulating layer is not sufficient, It is not possible to secure the fire resistance performance of.
On the other hand, in the fire-resistant wood structural materials 1 and 1A of the first and second embodiments, the constituent wood of the burnt-up layer 12 has a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a night wood size of 0.6 mm or more. By using the wood of the above tree species, a carbonized layer having an excellent shape-retaining property is formed when the burnt-up layer 12 burns. In addition, since the wood of the tree species having the late wood ratio of 20% or more and the late wood size of 0.6 mm or more has a certain heat capacity, a carbonized layer excellent in shape retention that can be expected to be heat-insulated. Higher fire resistance can be obtained by efficiently utilizing the lower heat capacity.
図３（ａ）は、針葉樹の横断面の一部を示す図である。晩材６１とは、図３（ａ）に示すように、木材の木部（もくぶ）のうち、密度が高く色が濃色の部分で、年輪６４の外縁を形成する部分であり、早材６２とは、木材の木部のうち、晩材６１に比して密度が低く色が淡色の部分であり、晩材に比べて細胞が大形で細胞壁も薄い。
晩材率（％）は、図３（ａ）に示すように、樹木の半径方向に延びる直線Ｌに沿って、晩材６１の長さＬ１と早材６２の長さＬ２と年輪の間隔Ｌ３とを測定したときに、下記式で表される。
晩材率（％）＝（晩材の長さＬ１／年輪の間隔Ｌ３） ×１００・・・（１）
晩材寸法とは、上記の晩材部分の長さＬ１自体である。
FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a part of a cross section of a coniferous tree. As shown in FIG. 3( a ), the late wood 61 is a part of the wood (mokubu) having a high density and a dark color, which forms the outer edge of the annual ring 64. The early wood 62 is a part of the wood of the wood that has a lower density and a lighter color than the late wood 61, and has larger cells and thinner cell walls than the late wood.
As shown in FIG. 3A, the late wood ratio (%) is a length L1 of the late wood 61, a length L2 of the early wood 62 and an interval L3 between annual rings along a straight line L extending in the radial direction of the tree. When and are measured, they are represented by the following formula.
Late wood ratio (%) = (night wood length L1/annular ring interval L3) x 100 (1)
The size of the late wood is the length L1 itself of the above-mentioned night wood part.
木材は、その横断面において、木裏側に近い部分と木表側に近い部分とで、晩材率（％）が異なる場合がある。そのような場合、木裏側に近い面６５と木表側に近い面６６との間の中央部付近に位置する年輪の間隔Ｌ３及びその年輪６４に含まれる晩材６１の長さＬ１から晩材率（％）を求める。「中央部付近に位置する年輪」とは、中央部に位置する年輪が明確であればその年輪、中央部に年輪間の境界が位置する等、中央部に位置する年輪が一義的に決まらない場合は、該中央部に最も近い年輪である。中央部からの距離が等しい２つの年輪がある場合は、２つの年輪から任意に選択した一方の年輪である。
晩材率や晩材寸法は、構造材の横断面の１０箇所以上で年輪の間隔Ｌ３及び晩材６１の長さＬ１を測定し、その長さＬ１及び算出した晩材率の平均を、晩材寸法及び晩材率とする。横断面は、構造材の長手方向の中央部の断面とすることが好ましい。図１（ｂ）、図２（ｂ）、図５（ｂ）、図６（ｂ）及び図７（ｂ）に示すように、燃えどまり層１２が、複数のラミナの積層体２０、２３〜２５からなる場合、荷重支持部１１の周囲に位置するラミナ２を１０本以上選択し、選択したラミナのそれぞれについて、年輪の間隔Ｌ３及び晩材６１の長さＬ１を測定して、長さＬ１及び晩材率を算出し、その１０本以上のラミナについての長さ１及び晩材率の平均値を、その燃えどまり層の構成木材の晩材寸法及び晩材率とする。長さＬ１及び晩材率を算出するラミナは、荷重支持部１１の周囲における特定の箇所のラミナに集中しないように選択する。また、図３（ｂ）は、耐火木製構造材の全体又は一部がラミナ積層体からなる場合の個々のラミナの年輪の形成状態の例を示す図である。図３（ｂ）中に示すラミナ２Ａのように、樹芯６７を含むラミナ２については、その樹芯６７と、該樹芯６７からの距離が最も遠い面６６Ａとの間の中央部に位置する年輪６４Ａの間隔Ｌ３及び晩材６１の長さＬ１を、当該ラミナ２についての年輪の間隔Ｌ３及び晩材６１の長さＬ１とする。
In the cross section of wood, the late wood rate (%) may differ between the part close to the tree back side and the part close to the tree front side. In such a case, the interval L3 between the annual rings located near the center between the surface 65 close to the back of the tree and the surface 66 close to the front of the tree, and the length L1 of the late wood 61 included in the annual ring 64 to the late wood ratio. Calculate (%). "Annual rings located near the central part" do not uniquely determine the annual rings located in the central part, such as the annual rings located in the central part and the boundaries between the annual rings located in the central part. In the case, the annual ring is the closest to the central part. When there are two annual rings with the same distance from the center, it is one of the annual rings arbitrarily selected from the two annual rings.
The late wood ratio and the night wood size are measured by measuring the annual ring interval L3 and the length L1 of the night wood 61 at 10 or more locations in the cross section of the structural material, and calculating the average of the length L1 and the calculated late wood ratio. The material size and the late wood ratio are used. The cross section is preferably the cross section of the central portion of the structural material in the longitudinal direction. As shown in FIG. 1( b ), FIG. 2( b ), FIG. 5( b ), FIG. 6( b ), and FIG. 7( b ), the burnt-out layer 12 is a laminated body of a plurality of lamina 20, 23-. In the case of 25, 10 or more lamina 2 located around the load supporting portion 11 are selected, and for each of the selected lamina, the annual ring interval L3 and the length L1 of the night material 61 are measured to obtain the length L1. And the late lumber ratio are calculated, and the length 1 and the average value of the late lumber ratio for the 10 or more lamina are used as the late lumber dimension and the late lumber percentage of the wood constituting the burnt layer. The lamina for calculating the length L1 and the late wood ratio is selected so as not to concentrate on the lamina at a specific location around the load supporting portion 11. Moreover, FIG.3(b) is a figure which shows the example of the formation state of the annual ring of each lamina when all or one part of a fireproof wooden structure material consists of a lamina laminated body. As with the lamina 2A shown in FIG. 3B, the lamina 2 including the tree core 67 is located at the center between the tree core 67 and the surface 66A farthest from the tree core 67. The interval L3 between the annual rings 64A and the length L1 of the evening lumber 61 are set to be the interval L3 between the annual rings and the length L1 of the evening lumber 61 for the lamina 2.
図４（ａ）及び図４（ｂ）は、広葉樹のうちの環孔材であるクリとハリギリの顕微鏡写真である。環孔材は、年輪６４の初めに他の部分と比べて直径が著しく大きい導管ができて、それらが年輪に沿って並んでいる材であり、その大きい導管が並んでいる部分６２が、早材６２であり、早材６２間に位置する部分が晩材６１である。広葉樹（環孔材）についての晩材率（％）も、上記の式（１）に従い算出される。 FIG. 4(a) and FIG. 4(b) are photomicrographs of chestnuts and squirrels, which are ring pore materials of hardwood. The annular hole material is a material in which a conduit having a diameter significantly larger than that of the other parts is formed at the beginning of the annual ring 64, and they are arranged along the annual ring. The lumber 62, and the portion located between the early lumbers 62 is the late lumber 61. The latewood rate (%) for hardwood (ring hole) is also calculated according to the above formula (1).
燃えどまり層の燃焼時に形状保持性に優れた炭化層が形成されるようにする観点から、燃えどまり層１２の構成木材の晩材率は２０％以上が好ましく、更に好ましくは３０％以上である。晩材率の上限は特にないが、例えば９０％以下であり、８０％以下が好ましい。また晩材寸法Ｌ１は、０．６ｍｍ以上が好ましく、０．７ｍｍ以上が更に好ましい。 From the viewpoint of forming a carbonized layer having an excellent shape-retaining property at the time of burning the burnt-up layer, the late wood rate of the constituent wood of the burnt-up layer 12 is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more. . There is no particular upper limit for the late wood content, but it is, for example, 90% or less, preferably 80% or less. The late material dimension L1 is preferably 0.6 mm or more, and more preferably 0.7 mm or more.
晩材率が２０％以上且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上である木材の例としては、針葉樹であれば、カラマツ、ベイマツ、グイマツ、ツガ等が挙げられ、広葉樹であれば、ケヤキ、くり、ミズナラ、タモ等が挙げられるが、これらに限られるものではない。
図１及び図２に示すように、第１及び第２実施形態の耐火木製構造材１，１Ａは、晩材率が２０％以上且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上の木材を構成木材とする複数の板状のラミナ２を各ラミナ間に配した接着剤を介して積層接着して２本のラミナ積層体２０を得、そのラミナ積層体２０どうしを接着剤を介して接合して得られたものである。従って、第１及び第２実施形態の耐火木製構造材１，１Ａにおける荷重支持部１１とその周囲の燃えどまり層１２とは、同一樹種の木材からなり、燃えどまり層１２と同様に荷重支持部１１も、晩材率が２０％以上且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上の木材からなる。また、第１実施形態の耐火木製構造材１を構成するラミナ２は、同一樹種の木材から構成されたものである。第２実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ａを構成するラミナ２も、同一樹種の木材から構成されたものである。ラミナ２は、耐火木製構造材１，１Ａの長手方向（軸方向に同じ）と同方向に長い形状を有している。個々のラミナ２は、耐火木製構造材１，１Ａの長手方向の全長に亘って連続する一枚の挽き板等であっても良いが、ラミナの全部又は一部は、複数の挽き板等をフィンガージョイント等の接合方法で長手方向に継いだものであっても良い。
Examples of wood having a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a night wood size of 0.6 mm or more include larch, bay pine, guinea pine, hemlock, and the like in the case of conifers, and zelkova, chestnuts in the case of broad-leaved trees, Examples include, but are not limited to, Mizunara and Tamo.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the fire resistant wood structural materials 1 and 1A according to the first and second embodiments are made of wood having a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a night wood size of 0.6 mm or more. A plurality of plate-like lamina 2 is laminated and adhered via an adhesive agent arranged between the lamina to obtain two lamina laminates 20, and the lamina laminates 20 are joined together with an adhesive agent. It is a thing. Therefore, the load supporting portions 11 and the surrounding burnout layers 12 in the fireproof wooden structural materials 1 and 1A of the first and second embodiments are made of wood of the same tree species, and like the burnout layers 12, the load supporting portions 12 are formed. 11 is also made of wood having a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a night wood size of 0.6 mm or more. In addition, the lamina 2 that constitutes the fire-resistant wooden structure material 1 of the first embodiment is made of wood of the same tree species. The lamina 2 that constitutes the fire-resistant wooden structural material 1A of the second embodiment is also made of wood of the same tree species. The lamina 2 has a shape that is long in the same direction as the longitudinal direction (same as the axial direction) of the fireproof wooden structural members 1, 1A. The individual lamina 2 may be a single sawing plate or the like that is continuous over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the refractory wood structural members 1 and 1A, but all or part of the lamina may be a plurality of sawing plates or the like. It may be joined in the longitudinal direction by a joining method such as a finger joint.
接着剤としては、水性高分子−イソシアネート系接着剤、レゾルシノール樹脂接着剤、レゾルシノール・フェノール樹脂接着剤、メラミン樹脂接着剤、メラミンユリア樹脂接着剤、変性酢酸ビニル樹脂系エマルジョン形接着剤、エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂系エマルジョン形接着剤、ウレタン樹脂系接着剤、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤等が挙げられる。これらのなかでも、レゾルシノール樹脂接着剤又はレゾルシノール・フェノール樹脂接着剤が好ましい。 As the adhesive, an aqueous polymer-isocyanate adhesive, a resorcinol resin adhesive, a resorcinol/phenol resin adhesive, a melamine resin adhesive, a melamine urea resin adhesive, a modified vinyl acetate resin emulsion adhesive, ethylene vinyl acetate Examples thereof include resin emulsion adhesives, urethane resin adhesives, and epoxy resin adhesives. Among these, a resorcinol resin adhesive or a resorcinol/phenol resin adhesive is preferable.
第１実施形態の耐火木製構造材１は、梁用の構造材であり、木造建築物等の梁として使用されたときに鉛直方向に沿う高さ方向Ｙと、幅方向Ｘとを有しており、図１（ａ）に示すように、荷重支持部１１の幅方向Ｘの両側を被覆する側部燃えどまり層１２ｃと、荷重支持部１１の下側を被覆する下部燃えどまり層１２ｂとを有している。燃えどまり層１２は、側部燃えどまり層１２ｃの厚みＬｃ及び下部燃えどまり層１２ｂの厚みＬｂのいずれについても、少なくとも１時間の耐火性を有している。荷重支持部１１の周囲に設定する燃えどまり層の厚みＬｃ，Ｌｂは、５０ｍｍ以上が好ましく、７０ｍｍ以上が更に好ましい。また、下部燃えどまり層１２ｂの厚みＬｂが、側部燃えどまり層１２ｃの厚みＬｃよりも厚いことが、熱の伝わりやすい角の部分を材積を抑えながら被覆できる点から好ましい。
なお、第１実施形態の耐火木製構造材１は、梁用の構造材であり、使用時に上面ａには、耐火性能を有する床が載ることにより、荷重支持部１１が被覆されるため、荷重支持部１１の上側を被覆する上部燃えどまり層は設けていない。
The fire-resistant wooden structural material 1 of the first embodiment is a structural material for a beam, and has a height direction Y along the vertical direction and a width direction X when used as a beam for a wooden building or the like. As shown in FIG. 1(a), a side burnout layer 12c that covers both sides of the load support portion 11 in the width direction X and a bottom burnout layer 12b that covers the lower side of the load support portion 11 are provided. Have The burnt-out layer 12 has a fire resistance of at least 1 hour for both the thickness Lc of the side burnt-out layer 12c and the thickness Lb of the lower burnt-out layer 12b. The thickness Lc, Lb of the burnout layer set around the load support portion 11 is preferably 50 mm or more, more preferably 70 mm or more. Further, it is preferable that the thickness Lb of the lower burnt-up layer 12b is thicker than the thickness Lc of the side burnt-out layer 12c from the viewpoint that the corner portion where heat is easily transmitted can be covered while suppressing the volume.
The fire-resistant wooden structural material 1 of the first embodiment is a structural material for beams, and the load supporting portion 11 is covered by the floor having the fire resistant performance placed on the upper surface a when in use, so that the load supporting portion 11 is covered. The upper burnt-out layer that covers the upper side of the support portion 11 is not provided.
第２実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ａは、柱用の構造材であり、木造建築物等の柱として使用されたときに鉛直方向に沿う長手方向（軸方向に同じ）を有しており、図２（ａ）に示すように、使用時に水平方向に沿う横断面の中央部に荷重支持部１１を有し、その横断面における荷重支持部１１の周囲に全周囲に亘って燃えどまり層１２を有している。耐火木製構造材１Ａの燃えどまり層１２は、耐火木製構造材１Ａの４側面ｅ１〜ｅ４のいずれにおいても、少なくとも１時間の耐火性を有している。荷重支持部１１の周囲に設定する燃えどまり層の厚みＬｅ１〜Ｌｅ４は、５０ｍｍ以上が好ましく、７０ｍｍ以上が更に好ましい。 The fire-resistant wooden structural material 1A of the second embodiment is a structural material for a pillar, and has a longitudinal direction along the vertical direction (same as the axial direction) when used as a pillar of a wooden building or the like, As shown in FIG. 2( a ), in use, a load supporting portion 11 is provided at the center of the horizontal cross section along the horizontal direction, and the burned layer 12 is provided around the entire load supporting portion 11 in the horizontal cross section. have. The burnt-out layer 12 of the fireproof wooden structure material 1A has a fire resistance of at least 1 hour on any of the four side surfaces e1 to e4 of the fireproof wooden structure material 1A. The burn-out layer thicknesses Le1 to Le4 set around the load support portion 11 are preferably 50 mm or more, and more preferably 70 mm or more.
図５に本発明の第３実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂを示し、図６に本発明の第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｃを示した。
第３実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂは、第１実施形態の耐火木製構造材１と同様に、木造建築物等の梁として使用される構造用の角材である。第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｃは、第２実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ａと同様に、木造建築物等の柱として使用される構造用の角材である。第３実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂについては、第１実施形態と異なる点について説明し同様の点については説明を省略する。第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｃについては、第２実施形態と異なる点について説明し同様の点については説明を省略する。
第３及び第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃは、木製の荷重支持部１１と、荷重支持部１１を被覆する木製の燃えどまり層１２とが、異なる樹種の木材から形成されているが、同一の樹種の木材から形成されていても良い。
FIG. 5 shows a fire resistant wooden structure material 1B according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 shows a fire resistant wooden structure material 1C according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
The fire resistant wooden structure material 1B of the third embodiment is a structural square member used as a beam of a wooden building or the like, similarly to the fire resistant wooden structure material 1 of the first embodiment. The fire resistant wooden structure material 1C of the fourth embodiment is a structural square member used as a pillar of a wooden building or the like, like the fire resistant wooden structure material 1A of the second embodiment. Regarding the fire-resistant wood structural material 1B of the third embodiment, the points different from the first embodiment will be described, and the description of the same points will be omitted. Regarding the refractory wood structural material 1C of the fourth embodiment, the differences from the second embodiment will be described, and the description of the same points will be omitted.
In the fire-resistant wooden structural materials 1B and 1C of the third and fourth embodiments, the wooden load supporting portion 11 and the wooden burn-out layer 12 that covers the load supporting portion 11 are formed of different wood species. However, they may be formed from wood of the same tree species.
第３及び第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃにおける荷重支持部１１は、図５及び図６に示すように、任意の木材を構成木材とする複数の板状のラミナ２１を各ラミナ間に配した接着剤を介して積層接着して２つのラミナ積層体２２を得、そのラミナ積層体２２どうしを接着剤を介して接合して得られたものである。
第３実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂにおいては、晩材率が２０％以上且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上の木材を構成木材とする複数の板状のラミナ２を接着剤を介して積層接着して得たラミナ積層体２４，２５が、荷重支持部１１に接着剤を介して接合されている。またラミナ積層体２４とラミナ積層体２５との間も接着剤を介して接合されている。それによって、荷重支持部１１の幅方向Ｘの両側を被覆する側部燃えどまり層１２ｃ及び該荷重支持部１１の下側を被覆する下部燃えどまり層１２ｂが形成されている。
第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｃにおいては、晩材率が２０％以上且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上の木材を構成木材とする複数の板状のラミナ２を接着剤を介して積層接着して得たラミナ積層体２４，２５が、荷重支持部１１に接着剤を介して接合されている。また、ラミナ積層体２４とラミナ積層体２５との間も接着剤を介して接合されている。それによって、荷重支持部１１をその全周に亘って囲む燃えどまり層１２が形成されている。
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the load supporting portion 11 of the fireproof wooden structural materials 1B and 1C according to the third and fourth embodiments includes a plurality of plate-like lamina 21 each of which is made of arbitrary wood. It is obtained by laminating and adhering two lamina laminates 22 with an adhesive placed between them, and joining the lamina laminates 22 with each other with an adhesive.
In the fire resistant wood structural material 1B of the third embodiment, a plurality of plate-like lamina 2 made of wood having a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a night wood size of 0.6 mm or more are laminated with an adhesive. The lamina laminates 24 and 25 obtained by adhesion are joined to the load supporting portion 11 with an adhesive. Further, the lamina laminate 24 and the lamina laminate 25 are also joined together with an adhesive. Thereby, the side burnout layers 12c that cover both sides of the load support portion 11 in the width direction X and the lower burnout layer 12b that covers the lower side of the load support portions 11 are formed.
In the fire-resistant wood structural material 1C of the fourth embodiment, a plurality of plate-like lamina 2 made of wood having a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a night wood size of 0.6 mm or more are laminated with an adhesive. The lamina laminates 24 and 25 obtained by adhesion are joined to the load supporting portion 11 with an adhesive. Further, the lamina laminate 24 and the lamina laminate 25 are also joined together with an adhesive. As a result, the burnout layer 12 that surrounds the load support portion 11 over the entire circumference thereof is formed.
第３及び第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃにおいても、燃えどまり層１２の構成木材に、晩材率が２０％以上であり且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上である樹種の木材を用いていることによって、燃えどまり層１２の燃焼時に形状保持性に優れた炭化層が形成される。また、晩材率が２０％以上であり且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上である樹種の木材は、一定の熱容量を有していることから、断熱を期待できる形状保持性に優れた炭化層下の熱容量を効率的にいかすことで、より高い耐火性能が得られる。
また、第３及び第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃにおいては、荷重支持部１１の木材に、燃えどまり層１２の構成木材とは異なる木材を用いることができるため、例えば、荷重支持部１１の構成木材に安価な木材や入手の容易な木材を用いて、耐火木製構造材の製造コストを抑制や製造効率の向上を図ることができる。
Also in the fire resistant wood structural materials 1B and 1C of the third and fourth embodiments, the wood of the burnt layer 12 has a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a night wood size of 0.6 mm or more. By using, the carbonized layer having excellent shape retention is formed when the burnt layer 12 is burned. In addition, since the wood of the tree species having the late wood ratio of 20% or more and the late wood size of 0.6 mm or more has a certain heat capacity, a carbonized layer excellent in shape retention that can be expected to be heat-insulated. Higher fire resistance can be obtained by efficiently utilizing the lower heat capacity.
In addition, in the fire resistant wood structural materials 1B and 1C of the third and fourth embodiments, since the wood of the load supporting portion 11 can be different from the wood constituting the burnt-up layer 12, for example, load supporting By using inexpensive wood or easily available wood as the constituent wood of the part 11, it is possible to suppress the manufacturing cost of the refractory wood structural material and improve the manufacturing efficiency.
第３実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂにおいても、燃えどまり層１２は、側部燃えどまり層１２ｃの厚みＬｃ及び下部燃えどまり層１２ｂの厚みＬｂのいずれについても、５０ｍｍ以上であり、少なくとも１時間の耐火性を有している。荷重支持部１１を被覆する燃えどまり層の厚みＬｃ，Ｌｂは、５０ｍｍ以上が好ましく、７０ｍｍ以上が更に好ましい。また、下部燃えどまり層１２ｂの厚みＬｂが、側部燃えどまり層１２ｃの厚みＬｃよりも厚いことが好ましい。
第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｃは、第２実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ａと同様に、使用時に水平方向に沿う横断面の中央部に荷重支持部１１を有し、その横断面における荷重支持部１１の周囲にその全周に亘る燃えどまり層１２が形成されている。第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｃの燃えどまり層１２は、４側面ｅ１〜ｅ４のいずれにおいても、少なくとも１時間以上の耐火性を有している。荷重支持部１１の周囲に設定する燃えどまり層１２の厚みＬｅ１〜Ｌｅ４も、５０ｍｍ以上が好ましく、７０ｍｍ以上が更に好ましい。
Also in the fire resistant wooden structure material 1B of the third embodiment, the burnt-out layer 12 is 50 mm or more for both the thickness Lc of the side burnt-out layer 12c and the thickness Lb of the lower burnt-out layer 12b, and is at least 1 hour. It has fire resistance. The thickness Lc, Lb of the burnout layer covering the load support portion 11 is preferably 50 mm or more, more preferably 70 mm or more. Further, the thickness Lb of the lower burnt-up layer 12b is preferably thicker than the thickness Lc of the side burnt-out layer 12c.
The fire resistant wooden structure material 1C of the fourth embodiment has a load support portion 11 at the center of the horizontal cross section along the horizontal direction during use, as in the fire resistant wooden structure material 1A of the second embodiment. A burnout layer 12 is formed around the load supporting portion 11 along the entire circumference thereof. The burnt-out layer 12 of the fire resistant wooden structure material 1C of the fourth embodiment has a fire resistance of at least 1 hour or more on any of the four side surfaces e1 to e4. The thickness Le1 to Le4 of the burnout layer 12 set around the load supporting portion 11 is also preferably 50 mm or more, and more preferably 70 mm or more.
また、第３及び第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃは、第１又は第２実施形態とは異なり、燃えどまり層１２と荷重支持部１１との境界に、燃えどまり層１２の構成部材と荷重支持部１１の構成部材との接合部が存在している。燃えどまり層１２と荷重支持部１１との境界部に、接合部等の構成部材どうしの物理的な境界が存在することで、火災時の木材乾燥に伴い燃えどまり層１２に発生する収縮割れが、荷重支持部１１まで連続して生じることを抑制することができ、より高い耐火性能が得られる。 Moreover, unlike the first or second embodiment, the fire-resistant wood structural materials 1B and 1C of the third and fourth embodiments have a structure of the burn-off layer 12 at the boundary between the burn-up layer 12 and the load support portion 11. There is a joint between the member and the component of the load support 11. At the boundary between the burnout layer 12 and the load support portion 11, there is a physical boundary between constituent members such as a joint, so that shrinkage cracks that occur in the burnout layer 12 due to drying of wood during a fire may occur. Further, it is possible to suppress continuous occurrence up to the load supporting portion 11, and to obtain higher fire resistance performance.
また燃えどまり層１２の構成部材が単一樹種から形成されていると、既存の設備で製造した荷重支持部１１に、燃えどまり層１２を設けるだけで、耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃが得られるため、耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃの製造コストを大幅に低減可能である。なお、側部燃えどまり層１２ｃ及び下部燃えどまり層１２ｂのぞれぞれとして、一つの製材品を用いても良く、また長手方向のみならず幅方向にも小角材等を接合した集成材を用いることもできる。 Moreover, if the constituent members of the burning layer 12 are formed of a single tree species, the fire supporting wooden structural materials 1B and 1C can be obtained by merely providing the burning layer 12 on the load supporting portion 11 manufactured by the existing facility. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the fireproof wooden structural materials 1B and 1C can be significantly reduced. It should be noted that a single lumber product may be used as each of the side burning layer 12c and the lower burning layer 12b, and a laminated lumber joined with small timbers not only in the longitudinal direction but also in the width direction may be used. It can also be used.
また本発明における耐火木製構造材は、燃えどまり層１２が、荷重支持部１１よりも熱容量が大きいことが好ましい。例えば、第３及び第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃや後述する第５実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｄにおいては、燃えどまり層１２の構成木材に、荷重支持部１１の構成木材よりも熱容量が高いものを用いることが好ましい。
燃えどまり層１２を、荷重支持部１１よりも熱容量の大きい木材から構成することで、荷重支持部１１への熱の流入を一層効果的に抑制できる。
Further, in the fireproof wooden structural material according to the present invention, it is preferable that the burnt-out layer 12 has a larger heat capacity than the load supporting portion 11. For example, in the fireproof wooden structure materials 1B and 1C of the third and fourth embodiments and the fireproof wooden structure material 1D of the fifth embodiment described later, the wood of the burnt-out layer 12 is more It is preferable to use a material having a high heat capacity.
By configuring the burn-out layer 12 of wood having a larger heat capacity than the load supporting portion 11, the inflow of heat into the load supporting portion 11 can be suppressed more effectively.
荷重支持部１１及び燃えどまり層１２の熱容量は、以下のようにして測定することができる。熱容量は、物体の質量に比熱を乗じて算出することができる。すなわち、荷重支持部１１及び燃えどまり層１２に用いるラミナの質量を測定し、荷重支持部１１及び燃えどまり層１２を構成するラミナの合計質量に一般的な木材比熱を乗じて算出するか、荷重支持部１１及び燃えどまり層１２を構成する集成材の質量を測定し、一般的な木材比熱を乗じて算出することで得ることができる。 The heat capacities of the load supporting portion 11 and the burnt-out layer 12 can be measured as follows. The heat capacity can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the object by the specific heat. That is, the mass of the lamina used for the load supporting portion 11 and the burnt-up layer 12 is measured and calculated by multiplying the total mass of the lamina forming the load supporting portion 11 and the burnt-up layer 12 by a general wood specific heat, or It can be obtained by measuring the mass of the laminated wood constituting the support portion 11 and the burnt-up layer 12, and multiplying by the general wood specific heat to calculate.
燃えどまり層の構成木材と荷重支持部の構成木材とが物理的に連続する木材である場合、例えば第１及び第２実施形態の耐火木製構造材１，１Ａのように、一本のラミナの横断面の一部が燃えどまり層、他の一部が荷重支持部を構成しているような場合、燃えどまり層と荷重支持部とで、構成木材の晩材率及び晩材率は同じである。
他方、例えば第３及び第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃのように、荷重支持部１１の全体又は主要部を構成する木材が、燃えどまり層１２の構成木材とは連続しない木材である場合、燃えどまり層１２と荷重支持部１１とで、構成木材の晩材率及び晩材率の一方又は双方を異ならせることができる。その場合、燃えどまり層１２の構成木材は、晩材率が荷重支持部１１の構成木材より高いか、又は晩材寸法（Ｌ１の平均値）が荷重支持部１１の構成木材より長いことが好ましく、晩材率が荷重支持部１１の構成木材より高く且つ晩材寸法が荷重支持部１１の構成木材より長いことが更に好ましい。
荷重支持部１１の晩材率及び晩材寸法は、構造材の荷重支持部１１の横断面の１０箇所以上で年輪の間隔Ｌ３及び晩材６１の長さＬ１を測定し、その長さＬ１及び算出した晩材率の平均を晩材寸法及び晩材率とする。横断面は、構造材の長手方向の中央部の断面とすることが好ましい。荷重支持部１１がラミナ積層体からなる場合は１０本以上のラミナについて、晩材率及び晩材寸法を測定し、その平均値を荷重支持部１１の晩材率及び晩材寸法とする。ラミナの本数が１０本に満たない場合は、１０本にできるだけ近い本数のラミナについて晩材率及び晩材寸法を測定し、その平均値とする。
When the wood constituting the burnt-up layer and the wood constituting the load supporting portion are physically continuous wood, for example, as in the fire resistant wood structural materials 1 and 1A of the first and second embodiments, one lamina When a part of the cross section constitutes a burned-up layer and the other part constitutes a load-bearing part, the burned-up layer and the load-bearing part have the same late wood material rate and late wood material rate. is there.
On the other hand, like the fire-resistant wood structural materials 1B and 1C of the third and fourth embodiments, the wood that constitutes the whole or the main part of the load supporting portion 11 is a wood that is not continuous with the wood constituting the burnt-up layer 12. In some cases, the burnt-up layer 12 and the load supporting portion 11 can be made different from each other in the late wood rate and/or the late wood rate of the constituent wood. In that case, the constituent wood of the burnt-up layer 12 preferably has a higher rate of late wood than the constituent wood of the load-bearing portion 11, or the latter's dimension (average value of L1) is longer than the constituent wood of the load-bearing portion 11. It is more preferable that the late wood ratio is higher than that of the load supporting portion 11 and the length of the late wood is longer than that of the load supporting portion 11.
The late material ratio and the late material dimension of the load supporting portion 11 are measured by measuring the annual ring interval L3 and the length L1 of the evening material 61 at 10 or more locations on the cross section of the load supporting portion 11 of the structural material, and measuring the length L1 and The average of the calculated late wood ratio is used as the late wood size and the late wood ratio. The cross section is preferably the cross section of the central portion of the structural material in the longitudinal direction. When the load supporting portion 11 is made of a lamina laminate, the late material ratio and the late material dimension are measured for 10 or more lamina, and the average value thereof is used as the late material rate and the late material dimension of the load supporting portion 11. When the number of lamina is less than 10, the late wood ratio and the night wood size are measured for the number of lamina as close as possible to 10, and the average value is obtained.
第３及び第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃにおいても、燃えどまり層１２の構成木材に、晩材率が２０％以上であり且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上である樹種の木材を用いていることによって、燃えどまり層１２の燃焼時に形状保持性に優れた炭化層が形成される。また、晩材率が２０％以上であり且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上である樹種の木材は、一定の熱容量を有していることから、断熱を期待できる形状保持性に優れた炭化層下の熱容量を効率的にいかすことで、より高い耐火性能が得られる。
また、第３及び第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃにおいては、荷重支持部１１の木材に、燃えどまり層１２の構成木材とは異なる木材を用いることができるため、例えば、荷重支持部１１の構成木材に安価な木材や入手の容易な木材を用いて、耐火木製構造材の製造コストを抑制や製造効率の向上を図ることができる。
Also in the fire resistant wood structural materials 1B and 1C of the third and fourth embodiments, the wood of the burnt layer 12 has a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a night wood size of 0.6 mm or more. By using, the carbonized layer excellent in shape retention is formed when the burned-up layer 12 is burned. In addition, since the wood of the tree species having the late wood ratio of 20% or more and the late wood size of 0.6 mm or more has a certain heat capacity, a carbonized layer excellent in shape retention that can be expected to be heat-insulated. Higher fire resistance can be obtained by efficiently utilizing the lower heat capacity.
In addition, in the fire resistant wood structural materials 1B and 1C of the third and fourth embodiments, since the wood of the load supporting portion 11 can be different from the wood constituting the burnt-up layer 12, for example, load supporting By using inexpensive wood or easily available wood as the constituent wood of the part 11, it is possible to suppress the manufacturing cost of the refractory wood structural material and improve the manufacturing efficiency.
前述した第１〜第４の耐火木製構造材１，１Ａ〜１Ｃは、いずれも、難燃薬剤を含まない。難燃薬剤非処理木材を用いることで、施工中、竣工後の薬剤析出による耐火性能低下のリスクを無くすことができる。
また、前述した第１〜第４の耐火木製構造材１，１Ａ〜１Ｃは、いずれも、金属製の補強材や、非木材からなる不燃材を含んでいない。薬剤処理木材や不燃材料等の異種材料を組み合わせた断面構成を有すると、製造工程が複雑化し、リードタイムも長くなり、製造コストが大幅に増大するが、前述した第１〜第４の耐火木製構造材１，１Ａ〜１Ｃのように、金属製の補強材や非木材からなる不燃材を含まないことで、製造工程の大幅な複雑化を防止しつつ効率よく製造可能であり、製造コストの抑制も可能である。
None of the above-described first to fourth refractory wood structural materials 1, 1A to 1C contains a flame retardant agent. By using non-flame retardant chemical treated wood, it is possible to eliminate the risk of fire resistance deterioration due to chemical deposition during construction and after completion.
In addition, none of the above-described first to fourth refractory wood structural materials 1 and 1A to 1C contains a metal reinforcing material or a non-combustible material made of non-wood. If the cross-sectional structure is made by combining different materials such as chemically treated wood and non-combustible material, the manufacturing process becomes complicated, the lead time becomes long, and the manufacturing cost greatly increases. By not including the metal reinforcing material and the non-combustible material made of non-wood such as the structural materials 1 and 1A to 1C, it is possible to efficiently manufacture the manufacturing process while preventing the manufacturing process from being significantly complicated. Suppression is also possible.
図７に本発明の第５実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｄを示す。
第５実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｄも、第１実施形態の耐火木製構造材１と同様に、木造建築物等の梁として使用される構造用の角材であるが、第１実施形態の耐火木製構造材１よりも大断面の角材である。第５実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｄについては、第１実施形態と異なる点について説明し同様の点については同様の符号を付して説明を省略する。
第５実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｄは、晩材率が２０％以上且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上の木材を構成木材とする複数の板状のラミナ２を各ラミナ間に配した接着剤を介して積層接着して４本のラミナ積層体２０を得、その４本のラミナ積層体２０を接着剤を介して接合して得られたものである。第５実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｄにおける荷重支持部１１とその周囲の燃えどまり層１２は、同一樹種の木材からなり、燃えどまり層１２と同様に荷重支持部１１も、晩材率が２０％以上且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上の木材からなる。また、第５実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｄを構成するラミナ２は、同一樹種の木材から構成されたものである。
第５実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｄによれば、第１実施形態の耐火木製構造材１と同様の効果が奏される。
FIG. 7 shows a fire resistant wooden structure material 1D according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
The fire-resistant wooden structure material 1D of the fifth embodiment is also a structural square member used as a beam of a wooden building or the like, like the fire-resistant wooden structure material 1 of the first embodiment. It is a square bar having a larger cross section than the wooden structural member 1. Regarding the fire resistant wooden structure material 1D of the fifth embodiment, the points different from the first embodiment will be described, and the same points will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
The fire-resistant wood structural material 1D of the fifth embodiment is an adhesive in which a plurality of plate-like lamina 2 made of wood having a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a night wood size of 0.6 mm or more are arranged between the lamina. It is obtained by laminating and adhering four lamina laminates 20 with an agent, and joining the four lamina laminates 20 with an adhesive. In the fire resistant wooden structural material 1D of the fifth embodiment, the load supporting portion 11 and the surrounding burned-out layer 12 are made of wood of the same tree species, and like the burned-out layer 12, the load supporting portion 11 also has a late wood ratio of 20. % Or more and the lumber size is 0.6 mm or more. In addition, the lamina 2 that constitutes the fire resistant wooden structure material 1D of the fifth embodiment is made of wood of the same tree species.
According to the fireproof wooden structure material 1D of the fifth embodiment, the same effect as that of the fireproof wooden structure material 1 of the first embodiment is obtained.
以上、本発明のいくつかの実施形態について説明したが、本発明は、斯かる実施形態に制限されず適宜変更可能である。
例えば、第３及び第４実施形態の耐火木製構造材１Ｂ，１Ｃの荷重支持部１１は、２本のラミナ積層体２２からなるものに代えて幅広の１本のラミナ積層体から形成しても良く、また１本の無垢材から形成しても良い。また、本発明の耐火木製構造材における、荷重支持部や燃えどまり層の構成材として、棒状の木材が、耐火木製構造材の幅方向Ｘ、高さ方向Ｙ及び長手方向に集積した集成材を用いても良い。
また、本発明の耐火木製構造材は、その横断面において、燃えどまり層が、荷重支持部の周囲を全周に亘って被覆しているものであっても良く、そのようなものは、木造建築物の梁の他、柱として好適に用いられる。また、本発明の耐火木製構造材は、その横断面形状が、長方形に代えて正方形状のものであっても良い。
Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments and can be modified as appropriate.
For example, the load supporting portions 11 of the fireproof wood structural members 1B and 1C according to the third and fourth embodiments may be formed of one wide lamina laminate instead of the two lamina laminate 22. Good, or may be formed from one solid material. In the fire-resistant wooden structural material of the present invention, a bar-shaped wood is used as a constituent material of the load-bearing portion and the burnt-out layer, which is a laminated material in which the fire-resistant wooden structural material is accumulated in the width direction X, the height direction Y and the longitudinal direction. You may use.
Further, the fire-resistant wooden structural material of the present invention may have a cross-section in which the burnt-out layer covers the periphery of the load supporting portion over the entire circumference. It is preferably used as a pillar as well as a beam for buildings. Further, the fire-resistant wooden structure material of the present invention may have a square cross-sectional shape instead of a rectangular shape.
（実施例１）
カラマツ〔晩材率２４．４％（平均値）、晩材寸法０．７９ｍｍ（平均値）〕から得られたラミナ２を積層接着して２本のラミナ積層体２０を形成し、そのラミナ積層体２０を２本接合して図１に示す概略構成を有する耐火木製構造材を得た。ラミナ間の接着及びラミナ積層体どうしの接着には、レゾルシノール樹脂接着剤を用いた。
製造した耐火木製構造材の断面構成は、高さＴ（図１参照）が２１０ｍｍ、幅Ｗ（図１参照）が１２０ｍｍの荷重支持部１１を設定し、その幅方向の両側に、厚さＬｃが５５ｍｍの側部燃えどまり層１２ｃ，１２ｃ、下側に厚さＬｂが８５ｍｍの下部燃えどまり層１２ｂを設けた構成とした。
(Example 1)
Lamina 2 obtained from larch [night wood ratio 24.4% (average value), night wood size 0.79 mm (average value)] is laminated and adhered to form two lamina laminates 20. The lamina laminate Two bodies 20 were joined to obtain a fireproof wooden structural material having a schematic configuration shown in FIG. A resorcinol resin adhesive was used for the adhesion between the lamina and the adhesion between the lamina laminates.
The cross-sectional structure of the manufactured fire-resistant wooden structural material is such that the height T (see FIG. 1) is 210 mm and the width W (see FIG. 1) is 120 mm, and the load supporting portions 11 are set, and the thickness Lc is provided on both sides in the width direction. Is 55 mm, and the lower burnt layer 12b having a thickness Lb of 85 mm is provided on the lower side.
（実施例２）
ベイマツ〔晩材率２４．７％（平均値）、晩材寸法０．８１ｍｍ（平均値）〕から得られたラミナ２を用いる以外は、実施例１と同様にして、耐火木製構造材を得た。
（比較例１）
レッドウッド〔晩材率２９．８％（平均値）、晩材寸法０．４３ｍｍ（平均値）〕から得られたラミナ２を用いる以外は、実施例１と同様にして、耐火木製構造材を得た。
(Example 2)
A fire-resistant wood structural material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Lamina 2 obtained from bay pine [late wood ratio 24.7% (average value), night wood size 0.81 mm (average value)] was used. It was
(Comparative Example 1)
A fire-resistant wood structural material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the lamina 2 obtained from red wood (late wood ratio 29.8% (average value), night wood size 0.43 mm (average value)) was used. Obtained.
（実施例３）
カラマツ〔晩材率２４．４％（平均値）、晩材寸法０．７９ｍｍ（平均値）〕から得られたラミナ２を積層接着して図８に示す形態及び寸法のラミナ積層体からなる実施例３の耐火木製構造材を製造した。ラミナ間の接着には、レゾルシノール樹脂接着剤を用いた。実施例３の耐火木製構造材は、荷重支持部の全体又は一部に相当する支持部相当部１１Ｈの片面に、厚み５５ｍｍの側部燃えどまり層１２ｃを設けた構成の性能評価用の試験体である。
（比較例２）
スギ〔晩材率１４．０％（平均値）、晩材寸法０．３２ｍｍ（平均値）〕から得られたラミナ２を用いる以外は、実施例３と同様にして、図８に示す形態及び寸法のラミナ積層体からなる比較例２の耐火木製構造材を製造した。比較例２の耐火木製構造材は、荷重支持部の全体又は一部に相当する支持部相当部１１Ｈの片面に、厚み５５ｍｍの側部燃えどまり層１２ｃを設けた構成の性能評価用の試験体である。
(Example 3)
Lamina 2 obtained from larch [late wood ratio 24.4% (average value), night wood size 0.79 mm (average value)] is laminated and adhered to form a lamina laminate having the form and size shown in FIG. The refractory wood structure of Example 3 was produced. A resorcinol resin adhesive was used for adhesion between the lamina. The fire-resistant wooden structural material of Example 3 is a test body for performance evaluation having a configuration in which a side burning layer 12c having a thickness of 55 mm is provided on one surface of a supporting portion corresponding portion 11H corresponding to the whole or a part of the load supporting portion. Is.
(Comparative example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 3 except that the lamina 2 obtained from Japanese cedar (late wood ratio 14.0% (average value), night wood size 0.32 mm (average value)) was used, the form shown in FIG. A fire resistant wood structural material of Comparative Example 2 consisting of a sized lamina laminate was produced. The fire-resistant wooden structural material of Comparative Example 2 is a test body for performance evaluation having a configuration in which a side burning layer 12c having a thickness of 55 mm is provided on one surface of a supporting portion corresponding portion 11H corresponding to the whole or a part of the load supporting portion. Is.
（評価）
（燃焼試験１）
実施例１，２及び比較例１で得られた耐火木製構造材を、その上面を不燃材の床板で断熱した状態に支持して燃焼炉に収容した。そして、下面側から通常の火災を想定したＩＳＯ８３４標準加熱により１時間加熱を行い、加熱終了後３時間以上の炉内放冷を行った。
(Evaluation)
(Combustion test 1)
The refractory wood structural materials obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 were housed in a combustion furnace with the upper surface thereof supported while being insulated by a floor plate made of an incombustible material. Then, from the lower surface side, heating was carried out for 1 hour by ISO 834 standard heating assuming a normal fire, and after the heating was finished, cooling in the furnace was carried out for 3 hours or more.
図５に燃焼試験１の結果を示す。
実施例１，２の耐火木製構造材においては、図９（ａ）及び図９（ｂ）に示すように、燃焼後の表面に、炭化した燃えどまり層が略均一な状態に存在しているのに対して、レッドウッドを用いた比較例１においては、図９（ｃ）に示すように、燃焼後の表面に、炭化した燃えどまり層が脱落した部分が多数認められた。
FIG. 5 shows the result of the combustion test 1.
In the fire resistant wooden structural materials of Examples 1 and 2, as shown in FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b), the carbonized burned-out layer exists in a substantially uniform state on the surface after combustion. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 using red wood, as shown in FIG. 9(c), a large number of portions where the carbonized burned-out layer had fallen off were observed on the surface after burning.
（燃焼試験２）
実施例３及び比較例２で得られた耐火木製構造材を、側部燃えどまり層１２ｃ側からの１面加熱となるように燃焼炉に収容した。そして、側部燃えどまり層１２ｃに通常の火災を想定したＩＳＯ８３４標準加熱により１時間加熱を行い、加熱終了後３時間以上の炉内放冷を行った。その際、加熱面表面からの深さが、４５ｍｍ、６０ｍｍ、７５ｍｍとなる各位置における温度変化を計測し、各深さにおける温度の経時的変化を記録した。結果を図１０に示す。
実施例３の耐火木製構造材においては、図１０に示すように、深さ４５ｍｍの位置において、加熱中から放冷中にかけて木材が炭化する目安温度である２６０℃を下回っているのに対して、スギを用いた比較例２においては、深さ６０ｍｍの位置で２６０℃を超えており、深さ７５ｍｍにおいても、２６０℃付近まで上昇することが確認された。
(Combustion test 2)
The refractory wood structural materials obtained in Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 were housed in a combustion furnace so that the one side heating from the side burning layer 12c side was performed. Then, the side burnt-up layer 12c was heated for 1 hour by ISO 834 standard heating assuming a normal fire, and allowed to cool in the furnace for 3 hours or more after the end of heating. At that time, the temperature change at each position where the depth from the surface of the heating surface was 45 mm, 60 mm, and 75 mm was measured, and the change with time of the temperature at each depth was recorded. The results are shown in Fig. 10.
In the fire-resistant wood structural material of Example 3, as shown in FIG. 10, the temperature was lower than 260° C., which is the standard temperature at which wood is carbonized during heating and cooling at a position of a depth of 45 mm. In Comparative Example 2 using Japanese cedar, it was confirmed that the temperature exceeded 260°C at the position of 60 mm in depth and that the temperature rose to around 260°C even at the depth of 75 mm.
図９及び図１０に示す評価試験１及び２の結果から、晩材率が２０％以上且つ晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上の樹種（カラマツ又はベイマツ）を燃えどまり層に用いた本発明品（実施例１，２）によれば、燃焼後の表面に、炭化した燃えどまり層が略均一な状態に存在しており、その燃えどまり層が、内部の燃焼を阻止する優れた燃えどまり機能を発現することが判る。 From the results of the evaluation tests 1 and 2 shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the present invention product in which a tree species (larch or bay pine) having a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a night wood size of 0.6 mm or more was used for the burnout layer ( According to Examples 1 and 2, the carbonized burn-out layer is present in a substantially uniform state on the surface after combustion, and the burn-out layer has an excellent burn-out function of preventing internal combustion. It is understood that it is expressed.
１，１Ａ〜１Ｄ 耐火木製構造材
１１ 荷重支持部
１２ 燃えどまり層
Ｌ１ 晩材寸法
２ ラミナ
６ 木部
６１ 晩材
６２ 早材
６４ 年輪
1,1A-1D Fire-resistant wooden structural material 11 Load-bearing part 12 Burning layer L1 Late wood dimension 2 Lamina 6 Wood part 61 Late wood 62 Early wood 64 Year rings
Claims (5)
前記燃えどまり層の構成木材（ただし、樹種がベイマツである。）として、晩材率が２０％以上、晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上の木材を選択する工程を具備し、
前記耐火木製構造材は、柱用の構造材であり、
前記燃えどまり層と前記荷重支持部との境界に、前記燃えどまり層の構成部材と前記荷重支持部の構成部材との接合部が存在しており、
前記燃えどまり層は、ラミナ積層体からなり、
前記燃えどまり層を構成する前記ラミナ積層体は、前記耐火木製構造材の長手方向に延びる４側面のそれぞれについて該各側面の表面からの厚みが５０ｍｍ以上である、耐火木製構造材の製造方法。 What is claimed is: 1. A method of manufacturing a fire-resistant wooden structural material comprising a wooden load supporting portion that supports a long-term load and a wood burning layer that covers the load supporting portion,
The burning Domari layer configuration timber (provided that species is Ru Oh in Douglas fir.) As, 20% or more late wood ratio, comprising the steps of late wood dimensions selects 0.6mm or wood,
The refractory wood structural material is a structural material for columns,
At the boundary between the burning layer and the load supporting portion, there is a joint between the burning layer constituting member and the load supporting portion,
The burning layer is made of a lamina laminate,
The method for manufacturing a fireproof wooden structural material , wherein the lamina laminate forming the burnt-up layer has a thickness of 50 mm or more from the surface of each of the four side surfaces extending in the longitudinal direction of the fireproof wooden structural material.
前記燃えどまり層の構成木材（ただし、樹種がベイマツである。）として、晩材率が２０％以上、晩材寸法が０．６ｍｍ以上である木材を選択する工程を具備し、
前記耐火木製構造材は、梁用の構造材であり、
前記燃えどまり層と前記荷重支持部との境界に、前記燃えどまり層の構成部材と前記荷重支持部の構成部材との接合部が存在しており、
前記燃えどまり層として、ラミナ積層体からなる側部燃えどまり層及びラミナ積層体からなる下部燃えどまり層を有し、
前記側部燃えどまり層を構成する前記ラミナ積層体は、前記耐火木製構造材の長手方向に延びる４側面のうちの使用時に鉛直方向に沿う２側面のそれぞれについて該各側面の表面からの厚みが５０ｍｍ以上であり、
前記下部燃えどまり層を構成する前記ラミナ積層体は、前記４側面のうちの使用時に鉛直方向の下側に配される側面について該側面の表面からの厚みが５０ｍｍ以上である、耐火木製構造材の製造方法。 What is claimed is: 1. A method of manufacturing a fire-resistant wooden structural material comprising a wooden load supporting portion supporting a long-term load and a wooden burnt layer covering the load supporting portion,
As the constituent wood of the burned-up layer (however, the tree species is bay pine), a step of selecting wood having a late wood ratio of 20% or more and a late wood size of 0.6 mm or more,
The refractory wood structural material is a structural material for beams,
At the boundary between the burning layer and the load supporting portion, there is a joint between the burning layer constituting member and the load supporting portion,
As the burnt-up layer, a side burnt-up layer made of a lamina laminate and a lower burnt-up layer made of a lamina laminate,
The lamina laminate that constitutes the side burnout layer has a thickness from the surface of each side surface of each of the two side surfaces along the vertical direction when used among the four side surfaces extending in the longitudinal direction of the refractory wood structural material. 50 mm or more,
The lamina laminate forming the lower burnt-up layer has a thickness of 50 mm or more from the surface of the side surface of the four side surfaces, which is disposed on the lower side in the vertical direction during use, and is 50 mm or more. Manufacturing method.
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