JP4065416B2 - Structural materials and buildings - Google Patents

Structural materials and buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4065416B2
JP4065416B2 JP2003198694A JP2003198694A JP4065416B2 JP 4065416 B2 JP4065416 B2 JP 4065416B2 JP 2003198694 A JP2003198694 A JP 2003198694A JP 2003198694 A JP2003198694 A JP 2003198694A JP 4065416 B2 JP4065416 B2 JP 4065416B2
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Japan
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wood
layer
load
heat insulating
burnout
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JP2005036457A (en
Inventor
裕 安部
茂男 上原
拡 高橋
晃一郎 高橋
博則 丹羽
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Obayashi Corp
Takenaka Corp
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Obayashi Corp
Takenaka Corp
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、燃え止まり機能を備えた構造材および建築物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
最近では、建築基準法の性能規定化に伴い、木造建築物であっても建築基準法(法第二条第九号の二イ)に掲げられる基準に適合するものであれば、高さ、規模に対する制限を受けないこととなり、より高層な建物の建築が可能となっており、集成材やLVLなどのエンジニアーウッドを用いて大規模な木造ラーメン架構の開発が行われている。このような木造による大規模架構を実現するためには、長期荷重に対する耐久性を維持するために必要な断面積の確保に加え、木材そのものが可燃性材料であるため、燃えしろ、すなわち火炎に晒され、表面が炭化しても長期荷重を保つための表面厚みを充分に確保する必要がある。
【0003】
この場合において、木材は、鉄やコンクリートに比べて高い断熱性能を有する一方で、熱容量は非常に小さく、長時間の火炎や熱に晒されることにより、火災終了後も燃焼(炭化)しつづけ、耐力が減衰し続けるといった欠点があり、耐火建築物の構造体を木材により構築する上での課題となっていた。
【0004】
この課題を解決する手段として、以下の構造が提案されている。
▲1▼主要集成構造材の場合には集成材の中心をくりぬくか、あるいは空洞部分とし、これの内部にコンクリートを埋込んで、内部のコンクリートにより軸力を支持する構造。
▲2▼集成材の表面に珪酸カルシウムボード、石膏ボード、グラスウール、耐火塗料などの耐火被覆を施し、集成材に、直接、熱が供給されないようにして耐火性能を高める構造。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、▲1▼のコンクリート埋込手段では、製作に手間がかかり、また柱には対応できるものの、梁に適用する場合には別の工夫が必要となる。また、▲2▼の耐火被覆を施した場合においても、被覆加工に手間がかかるとともに、加工により木材が表面に現れなくなった場合には木質系に特有のテクスチャが損われ、木造とすることの意味合いが減殺されるものとなる。
【0006】
本発明は、以上の課題を解決するものであり、その目的は、木材の持つ質感を損うことなく燃え止まり機能を付与できるようにした構造材および建築物を提供するものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る構造材は、長期荷重を支持するに足り木材等からなる荷重支持層と、該荷重支持層の外側に配置され、不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材を有した燃え止まり層と、該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され、所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなることを特徴とする。
【0008】
本発明において、前記荷重支持層および前記燃え止まり層は木材を有し、前記荷重支持層、燃え止まり層および燃えしろ層の三層間において木材が連続していることが好ましい。
【0009】
また、前記木材は、多数の単材を集成してなるものとすることができ、また、前記断熱材は、無機質材料と木材で構成されることとすることができる。
【0010】
一方、本発明に係る建築物は、上述した構造材が柱、梁又は壁等の建築構造材の全部又は一部として用いられたことを特徴とする。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好ましい実施の形態につき、添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図1,2は本発明に係る構造材を木質集成柱に適用した第一の実施の形態を示すものである。図1(a)において、木質集成柱1は、長期荷重を支持するに足り木材からなって芯部を構成する荷重支持層2と、荷重支持層2の外周に配置され不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材6を有した燃え止まり層3と、燃え止まり層3の外周に配置される所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層4との三層に観念的に区分して構成されるものである。
【0012】
図1(b)に示されるように、荷重支持層2は、軸方向長期荷重に抗する断面積の設計値に応じて、正方形断面の角材に製材された木材単材5をその断面積となるよう単一材として又は接着剤を介して多数の単材を集成してなるものである(荷重支持層2は、本発明では「層」と規定しているが、本実施の形態のように柱状のものを含む)。本実施の形態において、燃え止まり層3は、木材単材5と同一形状であり断熱性を有する複数の断熱材6を荷重支持層2の全周を連続的に囲うように配置し、接着剤を介して集積したものである。燃えしろ層4は、前記と同一断面の木材単材5により構成し、燃え止まり層の全周を囲って接着剤を介して集成したものである。なお、燃え止まり層3を構成する断熱材6と、荷重支持層2または燃えしろ層4を構成する木材単材5とは、物理的に接していれば、接着剤によって接着されていなくてもよい。
【0013】
使用される木材単材5は、米松、唐松、檜、杉、あすなろなど一般の木造建築の柱材として用いられる樹種が選択される。また、製材された木材単材5の一本当りの断面積は小さいため、これらの樹種の間伐材なども使用可能であり、この場合には資源の有効活用の面からも好ましいものとなる。
【0014】
なお、荷重支持層2は木材以外のものであってもよく、また、燃え止まり層は断熱材6のみからなっていてもよいが、本実施の形態のように、荷重支持層2が木材からなり,燃え止まり層3が木材を混在してなり、さらに燃えしろ層4が木材からなるので、荷重支持層2、燃え止まり層3および燃えしろ層4の三層間において木材が連続している。このため、木材からなる三層2,3,4全体で固定荷重、積載荷重、積雪荷重、風圧力、地震力の短期に生ずる力(短期荷重)に対して構造耐力上安全であり、かつ、荷重支持層のみで固定荷重、積載荷重、積雪荷重の長期に生ずる力(長期荷重)に対して構造耐力上安全であるようにその断面設計がなされる。
【0015】
前記断熱材6としては、例えば不燃木材、珪酸カルシウム板、ロックウール、グラスウール等を採用することもできる。不燃木材としては、例えば株式会社TKマテリアルズが販売するもの(国土交通大臣認定番号NM−−168)を使用することができる。
【0016】
前記燃えしろ層4の断面厚みは絶対値であり、火災時における木材の炭化速度を考慮してその厚みが設計される。建築基準法によれば、防火構造(要求耐火時間30分)、準耐火構造(同45分)、特定準耐火構造(同1時間)のそれぞれについて、燃えしろとして、2.5cm(昭和62年建告第1902号)、3.5cm(平成12年建告第1358号)、4.5cm(平成12年建告第1380号)と規定されている。また、建築基準法では、耐火構造(要求耐火時間1〜3時間)について燃えしろは規定されていないが、火災終了後に、燃え止まることが必要であるとされている。
【0017】
ところで、耐火建築物の主要構造部に(または耐火構造として)木構造部材を使用する場合は、火災継続中だけでなく、火災終了後においても耐力を保持し続けることが必要とされる。そこで、耐火構造は、特定準耐火構造よりも要求性能が高いため、1時間の耐火構造とするためには45mmの燃えしろが必要であることに加えて燃え止まり性能が必要となる。従って、本実施の形態において、要求耐火時間を1時間とした場合、燃えしろ層4の厚みを45mmとすればよい。
【0018】
木材の炭化速度は樹種によって異なり、一般的には0.6mm/分と言われている。よって、加熱または火災から1時間経過後の燃えしろは36mmとなる。例えば2時間耐火を企図した場合、前述の炭化速度のみを考慮すれば、2時間経過後の燃えしろは72mmとなるが、2時間の耐火構造とするためには72mmの燃えしろが必要であることに加えて燃え止まり性能が必要となる。本発明によれば、燃え止まり層3の存在によってそれ以上の内部への炭化が防止されるため、72mm程度とすることができる。
【0019】
一方、燃え止まり層3の厚さは、例えば、荷重支持層と燃え止まり層との境界部分の温度が木材の着火温度である260度Cとならないようにその材質によって決定される。
【0020】
本実施形態においては、燃えしろ層4及び燃え止まり層3はそれぞれ一本分の木材単材5及び断熱材6とから構成され、したがって各層を構成する木材単材5及び断熱材6の断面積は例えば(72mm)となっている。
【0021】
また、長さは柱1としての用途の場合には、4m程度に設定することが望ましいが、通常このような木材は単材としては得難いため、木材単材の場合には、図2に示すように縦方向にも適宜の継手手段を介して長さ方向に適宜継足すことで、目的とする長さを得ることができる。
【0022】
木材は、着火温度に達すると可燃性ガスが生成される。本発明は、木材断面に断熱材6を有する燃え止まり層3を設け、燃え止まり層3を通じて荷重支持層2に流入する熱量(ΔQ)を小さくすることにより、荷重支持層2の温度上昇を抑制(=可燃性ガスの生成を抑制)する。
【0023】
ここで、ΔTは上昇温度(K)、ΔQは熱量(kJ)、cは比熱(kJ/kgK)、ρは密度(kg/m)、Vは体積(m)であるが、ΔTは、

Figure 0004065416
式により求められるため、本発明は、熱量(ΔQ)を小さくすることにより温度上昇を抑制し、炭化の進行を防止するのである。
【0024】
ところで、木材の外側を不燃木材によって被覆することも考えられるが、実験によれば、自己の燃焼はほとんど見られなかったが、炭化速度は一般的な木材と同じ程度であり、断面欠損が生じてしまった。本発明のように、燃えしろ層として通常の木材を使用しつつ、燃え止まりを期待する部分に断熱材6を配置することにより、コストを安価にすることができる。加えて、不燃木材等の断熱材6が直接加熱されるのを防止できる。
【0025】
上述した実施の形態において、燃え止まり層3に設けられる断熱材6は、木質集成柱1の隅角部に必要的に配置するか、隅角部の断熱材6のみを他の断熱材6より大きくすることが効果的である。隅角度は、二方向から加熱され吸収すべき熱量が他の部位と比較して大きいからである。
【0026】
以上の構成における木質集成柱1の集成方法としては、前記断面形状にしたがって、先ず最外郭となる木材単材5同士を横一列に接ぎ合せ、次に二層目となる断熱材6を横一列に接ぎ合せるなどの作業を順次行い、これら接ぎ合せ合板を通常の積層合板の成型方法と同様の手法により、接着剤を介して縦に積層し、熱圧を加えることで、図1(b)及び図2に示す断面形状に集成した柱1が得られる。
【0027】
図3は、前記柱1に木質集成梁7及び木質集成間仕切り壁8を組付けた場合の第二の実施の形態を示している。同図において、梁7は前記と同様に荷重支持層9、これの外周を覆う燃え止まり層10、及びその最外周に燃えしろ層11に区分され、荷重支持層9にはこれの軸直交方向に対する長期荷重に抗すべく複数の木材単材5を縦長状に集成接着し、燃え止まり層10には断熱材6を集成接着し、燃えしろ層11には木材単材5を集成接着している。
【0028】
また、間仕切り壁8は、中芯を燃え止まり層12として、断熱材6を接ぎ合せ、その両側に燃えしろ層14として木材単材5を接ぎ合せた合板を積層接着している。
【0029】
この間仕切り壁8は特に耐力を必要としないところから、専ら燃え止まりを目的として以上の構成としたが、耐力壁、あるいは床材など、荷重に対する耐力を必要とする場合には、厚さ方向中心に荷重支持層となる木材を配置すればよい。
【0030】
図4は、前記第一、第二実施形態における柱1の変形例を示すものである。先ず、図4(a)においては、上下に位置する断熱材6aを木材単材5の断面に対して横長二倍の断面とした場合を示し、(b)は角部に位置する断熱材6bを三角柱状とし、これに三角柱状とした木材単材5aを接ぎ合せて、他の部位の断面に合わせた場合を示し、(c)は木材単材5bの断面を横長または縦長の二倍または三倍とした場合における組合わせ例を示している。
【0031】
以上のように、本発明によれば、上記各実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、得ようとする燃え止まり層の仕様や、得られる木材単材の形状などに応じて種々の組合わせを選択できる。
【0032】
図5は、本発明の第三の実施の形態を示す。この集成柱20は、荷重支持層として複数のひき板等の木材単板を積層して正方形断面とした積層材(集成材、合板、LVL等:以下同じ)21により構成し、その四周を燃え止まり層22として前述した不燃木材等の断熱材23で囲い、さらにその四周に燃えしろ層24として複数の木材単板を縦横に積層した所定厚みの積層材25で覆い、接着剤を介して各層を一体化したものである。
【0033】
なお、各積層材21、25における各単板の木目方向は直交していてもよいし、平行であってもよい。また、断熱材の厚みは耐火使用に応じて適宜設定できる。
【0034】
本実施形態においては、成型工程において接ぎ合せ工程がないため、成型が簡単となる。また燃え止まり層22として不燃木材等の断熱材23単体で囲っているため、内部の積層材21を確実に保護できる。
【0035】
以上の各実施の形態における木質集成柱1,20、木質集成梁7、木質集成間仕切り8は、構造材として、建築物の全部又は一部を構築する材料として用いられる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明により明らかなように、本発明による構造材にあっては、通常の集成材加工技術をそのまま適用して製作でき、かつ木材の持つ質感を損うことなく燃え止まり機能を付与できる。
【0037】
また、本発明による建築物にあっては、中高層の耐火建築物の全部又は主要部を木造により実現することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a),(b)は本発明の第一実施形態による木質集成柱の断面区画及び実際の断面図である。
【図2】同斜視図である。
【図3】本発明の柱に木質集成梁及び木質集成間仕切り壁を組合わせた場合の第二実施形態を示す斜視図である。
【図4】(a)〜(c)は第一、第二実施形態における柱の変形例を示す断面図である。
【図5】本発明の第三実施形態における木質集成柱を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1,20 木質集成柱
2,21 荷重支持層(21 積層合板)
3,22 燃え止まり層
4,24 燃えしろ層
5 木材単材
6,23 断熱材(23 不燃木材)
7 木質集成梁
8 木質集成間仕切り
25 積層合板[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a structural material and a building having a fire-stop function.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recently, with the performance standardization of the Building Standards Law, even if it is a wooden building, if it meets the standards listed in the Building Standards Law (Article 2, item 9-2), the height, As a result, the construction of higher-rise buildings is possible, and large-scale wooden ramen frames are being developed using engineer wood such as laminated lumber and LVL. In order to realize such a large-scale frame structure made of wood, in addition to securing the cross-sectional area necessary for maintaining durability against long-term loads, the wood itself is a flammable material, so that it can be burned, that is, to the flame. Even if the surface is exposed and carbonized, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient surface thickness to maintain a long-term load.
[0003]
In this case, wood has a high thermal insulation performance compared to iron or concrete, but its heat capacity is very small, and it is burned (carbonized) after the end of the fire by being exposed to a long flame or heat, There is a drawback that the proof stress continues to attenuate, which has been a problem in constructing a fireproof building structure with wood.
[0004]
As means for solving this problem, the following structures have been proposed.
(1) In the case of the main laminated structural material, the center of the laminated material is hollowed out or made into a hollow part, and concrete is embedded in this, and the axial force is supported by the internal concrete.
(2) A structure in which the surface of the laminated wood is coated with a fire-resistant coating such as calcium silicate board, gypsum board, glass wool, fire-resistant paint, etc., so that heat is not directly supplied to the laminated wood to enhance the fire resistance performance.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the concrete embedding means (1), it takes time to manufacture and can cope with the column, but when applied to a beam, another device is required. In addition, even when the fireproof coating of (2) is applied, it takes time for the coating process, and if the wood does not appear on the surface due to the processing, the texture peculiar to the woody system will be damaged, and it will be made wooden. The meaning is reduced.
[0006]
The present invention solves the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a structural material and a building that can provide a flame-stop function without impairing the texture of wood.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the structural material according to the present invention is provided with a load support layer made of wood or the like that is sufficient to support a long-term load, and is disposed on the outside of the load support layer so as to be a non-combustible material and have heat insulation properties. It is characterized by comprising a burn-out layer having a heat insulating material, and a burn-off layer made of wood having a predetermined burn-off thickness, which is disposed outside the burn-off layer.
[0008]
In this invention, it is preferable that the said load support layer and the said flame stop layer have a timber , and the timber is continuing in the three layers of the said load support layer, a flame stop layer, and a burn-off layer.
[0009]
Further, the wood may be formed by assembling a large number of single materials, and the heat insulating material may be composed of an inorganic material and wood.
[0010]
On the other hand, the building according to the present invention is characterized in that the above-described structural material is used as all or part of a structural material such as a pillar, a beam, or a wall.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment in which a structural material according to the present invention is applied to a wooden laminated column. In FIG. 1 (a), a wooden laminated column 1 includes a load supporting layer 2 which is made of sufficient wood to support a long-term load and constitutes a core, and is disposed on the outer periphery of the load supporting layer 2 as a non-combustible material and is insulated. The flame stop layer 3 having the heat insulating material 6 and the burnout layer 4 made of wood having a predetermined burnout thickness disposed on the outer periphery of the flame stop layer 3 are conceptually divided into three layers. Configured.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the load support layer 2 has a cross-sectional area of a single piece of wood 5 that has been sawn into a square cross-section according to the design value of the cross-sectional area that resists axial long-term load. As a single material, a large number of single materials are assembled through an adhesive (the load support layer 2 is defined as a “layer” in the present invention. Including columnar ones). In the present embodiment, the flame stop layer 3 is formed by arranging a plurality of heat insulating materials 6 having the same shape as the single wood material 5 and having heat insulation properties so as to continuously surround the entire circumference of the load supporting layer 2. It is accumulated through The burnout layer 4 is composed of a single wood material 5 having the same cross section as described above, and is assembled through an adhesive surrounding the entire circumference of the burnout stop layer. In addition, as long as the heat insulating material 6 which comprises the flame-stopping layer 3 and the wood single material 5 which comprises the load support layer 2 or the burn-off layer 4 are physically contacting, even if it is not adhere | attached with an adhesive agent Good.
[0013]
As the single wood material 5 to be used, a tree species used as a pillar material of a general wooden building such as rice pine, Karamatsu, firewood, cedar, and Asunaro is selected. Moreover, since the cross-sectional area per one piece of the lumber single material 5 is small, it is also possible to use thinned wood of these tree species. In this case, it is preferable from the viewpoint of effective utilization of resources.
[0014]
The load support layer 2 may be other than wood, and the flame stop layer may be composed only of the heat insulating material 6, but the load support layer 2 is made of wood as in the present embodiment. Therefore, the flame stop layer 3 is mixed with wood, and the burnout layer 4 is made of wood, so that the wood is continuous between the load support layer 2, the burnout layer 3 and the burnout layer 4. For this reason, it is safe in terms of structural strength against the force (short-term load) generated in the short term of the fixed load, load load, snow load, wind pressure, seismic force in the three layers 2, 3 and 4 made of wood, and The cross-sectional design is made so that it is safe in terms of structural strength against long-term forces (long-term loads) of fixed loads, loaded loads, and snow loads with only the load support layer.
[0015]
As the heat insulating material 6, for example, non-combustible wood, calcium silicate board, rock wool, glass wool or the like can be used. As the incombustible wood, for example, one sold by TK Materials Co., Ltd. (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism certified number NM-168) can be used.
[0016]
The cross-sectional thickness of the burn-off layer 4 is an absolute value, and the thickness is designed in consideration of the carbonization rate of wood during a fire. According to the Building Standards Law, each fireproof structure (required fireproof time: 30 minutes), semi-fireproof structure (45 minutes), and specific semi-fireproof structure (1 hour): 2.5 cm (Showa 62) No. 1902), 3.5 cm (2000 No. 1358), and 4.5 cm (2000 No. 1380). In addition, the Building Standards Law does not stipulate burnout for fireproof structures (required fireproof time of 1 to 3 hours), but it is said that it is necessary to stop burning after the end of the fire.
[0017]
By the way, when using a wooden structure member for the main structural part of a fireproof building (or as a fireproof structure), it is necessary to keep the yield strength not only during the fire but also after the fire is over. Therefore, since the required performance of the fireproof structure is higher than that of the specific quasi-fireproof structure, in addition to the need for a 45 mm burnout in order to obtain a one-hour fireproof structure, a flame-stopping performance is required. Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the required fire resistance time is 1 hour, the thickness of the burnt layer 4 may be 45 mm.
[0018]
The carbonization rate of wood varies depending on the tree species, and is generally said to be 0.6 mm / min. Therefore, the burnout after 1 hour from heating or fire is 36 mm. For example, when 2 hours of fire resistance is intended, if only the above-mentioned carbonization rate is taken into consideration, the burnout after 2 hours will be 72 mm, but a burnout of 72 mm is required in order to obtain a 2 hour fireproof structure. In addition, it must be able to burn out. According to the present invention, further carbonization to the inside is prevented by the presence of the flame stop layer 3, so that the thickness can be about 72 mm.
[0019]
On the other hand, the thickness of the flame stop layer 3 is determined by the material thereof so that, for example, the temperature at the boundary between the load support layer and the flame stop layer does not become 260 ° C., which is the ignition temperature of wood.
[0020]
In the present embodiment, the burnout layer 4 and the burnout layer 3 are each composed of a single piece of wood material 5 and a heat insulating material 6, and thus the cross-sectional areas of the single wood material 5 and the heat insulating material 6 constituting each layer. Is, for example, (72 mm) 2 .
[0021]
In addition, in the case of the use as the pillar 1, it is desirable to set the length to about 4 m. However, usually such wood is difficult to obtain as a single material. In this way, the desired length can be obtained by appropriately adding the lengthwise direction through appropriate joint means.
[0022]
When wood reaches an ignition temperature, combustible gas is generated. The present invention suppresses the temperature rise of the load support layer 2 by providing the flame stop layer 3 having the heat insulating material 6 on the wood cross section and reducing the amount of heat (ΔQ) flowing into the load support layer 2 through the flame stop layer 3. (= Suppress the generation of combustible gas).
[0023]
Here, ΔT is the rising temperature (K), ΔQ is the amount of heat (kJ), c is the specific heat (kJ / kgK), ρ is the density (kg / m 3 ), V is the volume (m 3 ), and ΔT is ,
Figure 0004065416
Since it is calculated | required by a type | formula, this invention suppresses a temperature rise by making small calorie | heat amount ((DELTA) Q), and prevents progress of carbonization.
[0024]
By the way, it is conceivable to cover the outside of the wood with non-combustible wood, but according to the experiment, self-burning was hardly seen, but the carbonization rate was the same as that of general wood, and a cross-sectional defect occurred. I have. As in the present invention, the cost can be reduced by disposing the heat insulating material 6 in the portion where the burning is expected while using ordinary wood as the burn-in layer. In addition, the heat insulating material 6 such as incombustible wood can be prevented from being directly heated.
[0025]
In embodiment mentioned above, the heat insulating material 6 provided in the flame stop layer 3 is arrange | positioned required at the corner part of the wooden laminated pillar 1, or only the heat insulating material 6 of a corner part is other heat insulating materials 6. It is effective to make it larger. This is because the corner angle has a larger amount of heat to be heated and absorbed from two directions than other parts.
[0026]
As a method of assembling the wooden laminated columns 1 in the above configuration, according to the cross-sectional shape, firstly, the single wood materials 5 that are the outermost shells are joined in a horizontal row, and then the heat insulating material 6 that is the second layer is placed in a horizontal row. 1 (b) by sequentially stacking the bonded plywood through an adhesive and applying hot pressure by the same method as the method of forming a normal laminated plywood. And the pillar 1 assembled | stacked on the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 2 is obtained.
[0027]
FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment in which a wooden laminated beam 7 and a wooden laminated partition wall 8 are assembled to the pillar 1. In the figure, the beam 7 is divided into a load support layer 9, a flame stop layer 10 covering the outer periphery of the load support layer 9, and a burn-off layer 11 at the outermost periphery in the same manner as described above. In order to withstand a long-term load, a plurality of single wood members 5 are laminated and bonded in a vertically long shape, a heat insulating material 6 is laminated and bonded to the flame stop layer 10, and a single wood material 5 is bonded to the burnout layer 11. Yes.
[0028]
Further, the partition wall 8 is laminated and bonded with a plywood in which the heat insulating material 6 is joined as a burning stop layer 12 at the center and the wood single material 5 is joined as a burning layer 14 on both sides thereof.
[0029]
Since the partition wall 8 does not require any proof stress, the partition wall 8 has the above-described configuration exclusively for the purpose of stopping the flame. However, when a load proof strength such as a load-bearing wall or a flooring is required, the center in the thickness direction is used. It suffices to arrange wood as a load supporting layer.
[0030]
FIG. 4 shows a modification of the pillar 1 in the first and second embodiments. First, in Fig.4 (a), the case where the heat insulating material 6a located up and down is made into the cross section of horizontal twice with respect to the cross section of the single wood material 5 is shown, (b) is the heat insulating material 6b located in a corner | angular part. Is a triangular prism shape, and a single piece of wood material 5a in the shape of a triangular prism is joined to match the cross section of another part, and (c) shows a cross section of the single wood material 5b that is twice the horizontal or vertical length or A combination example in the case of triple is shown.
[0031]
As described above, according to the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various combinations are possible depending on the specifications of the stop layer to be obtained and the shape of a single wood material to be obtained. Can be selected.
[0032]
FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. The laminated column 20 is composed of a laminated material 21 (glued wood, plywood, LVL, etc .; the same shall apply hereinafter) 21 having a square cross section obtained by laminating a plurality of single wood plates such as a ground plate as a load support layer, and burns around its four circumferences. Surrounded by the above-mentioned heat insulating material 23 such as non-combustible wood as the stop layer 22, and further covered with a laminate 25 having a predetermined thickness in which a plurality of wood veneers are laminated vertically and horizontally as a burn-off layer 24 around each of them, and each layer via an adhesive Are integrated.
[0033]
In addition, the grain direction of each single board in each laminated material 21 and 25 may be orthogonal, and may be parallel. Moreover, the thickness of a heat insulating material can be suitably set according to fireproof use.
[0034]
In the present embodiment, since there is no joining step in the molding process, molding is simplified. Moreover, since the heat-insulating material 23 such as non-combustible wood is surrounded as the flame-stopping layer 22, the internal laminated material 21 can be reliably protected.
[0035]
The wooden laminated columns 1 and 20, the wooden laminated beams 7, and the wooden laminated partitions 8 in each of the above embodiments are used as structural materials for building all or part of the building.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, the structural material according to the present invention can be manufactured by applying a normal laminated material processing technique as it is, and can be provided with a function to stop burning without impairing the texture of wood.
[0037]
Moreover, in the building by this invention, all or the main part of a middle-to-high-rise fireproof building can be implement | achieved by wooden construction.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A and 1B are a sectional view and an actual sectional view of a wooden laminated column according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the same.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment when a wooden laminated beam and a wooden laminated partition wall are combined with the pillar of the present invention.
4A to 4C are cross-sectional views showing modified examples of the pillars in the first and second embodiments. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a wooden laminated column in a third embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,20 Wooden laminated columns 2,21 Load bearing layer (21 laminated plywood)
3,22 Burn-stop layer 4,24 Burn-off layer 5 Wood single material 6,23 Heat insulation material (23 Non-burning wood)
7 Wood Glued Beam 8 Wood Glued Partition 25 Laminated Plywood

Claims (5)

長期荷重を支持するに足り木材等からなる荷重支持層と、
該荷重支持層の外側に配置され、不燃材にしてかつ断熱性を有する断熱材を有した燃え止まり層と、
該燃え止まり層の外側に配置され、所定の燃えしろ厚さを有する木材からなる燃えしろ層とを備えてなることを特徴とする構造材。
A load support layer made of wood, etc., sufficient to support long-term loads;
A dead end layer disposed outside the load bearing layer, having a non-combustible material and a heat insulating material;
A structural material comprising a burnt layer made of wood having a predetermined burnout thickness and disposed outside the burnout layer.
前記荷重支持層および前記燃え止まり層は木材を有し
前記荷重支持層、燃え止まり層および燃えしろ層の三層間において木材が連続していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の構造材。
The load support layer and the burning blind layer has a timber,
The structural material according to claim 1, wherein wood is continuous between three layers of the load supporting layer, the flame stop layer, and the burnout layer.
前記木材は、多数の単材を集成してなるものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の構造材。  The structural material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wood is formed by assembling a large number of single materials. 前記断熱材は、無機質材料と木材で構成されることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の構造材。  The said heat insulating material is comprised with an inorganic material and wood, The structural material in any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. 請求項1〜4のいずれかの項に記載の構造材が柱、梁又は壁等の建築構造材の全部又は一部として用いられたことを特徴とする建築物。  5. A building, wherein the structural material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used as all or part of a building structural material such as a pillar, a beam, or a wall.
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