JP6685225B2 - 形質細胞様樹状細胞の枯渇 - Google Patents
形質細胞様樹状細胞の枯渇 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2013年12月16日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/916,322号の利益を主張する。この出願の内容全体が参照により本明細書の一部をなすものとする。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所によって授与された助成金第AI077454号の下で、政府の支援により行われたものである。政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本発明は、形質細胞様樹状細胞(pDC)を枯渇させる、BDCA2を標的とする抗体、およびpDCに関連する障害を治療するために該抗体を使用する方法に関する。
本発明の説明および添付した特許請求の範囲で用いられる場合、単数形「a」、「an」および「the」は、文脈が明らかに他を示さない限り、複数形も同様に含むことが意図される。
本発明者らは、BDCA2に特異的に結合してpDCを枯渇させる抗体を同定および特徴づけた。そのような抗体は、例えば、研究または治療目的のために、対象のpDCを枯渇させるために有利に使用され得る。そのような抗体は、pDCに関連する障害を治療するために使用され得る。したがって、本発明の一態様は、対象に投与されたとき、BDCA2に特異的に結合してpDCを枯渇させる抗体またはその断片に関する。
一態様として、本発明は、対象においてpDCを枯渇させる方法であって、BDCA2に特異的に結合してpDCを枯渇させる有効量の抗体またはその断片を該対象に送達し、pDCを枯渇させる工程を含む方法を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、pDCは、該抗体またはその断片を投与されていない対象と比較して、少なくとも約50%、例えば、少なくとも60%、70%、80%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%、または99%以上枯渇している。他の実施形態では、本発明は、エクスビボまたはインビトロで試料中、例えば細胞の混合集団のpDCの数を減らすおよび/またはpDCを枯渇させる方法であって、BDCA2に特異的に結合してpDCの数を減らすおよび/またはpDCを枯渇させる抗体またはその断片の有効量を該試料に送達し、それによりpDCの数を減らすおよび/またはpDCを枯渇させる工程を含む方法を提供する。
ヒト化マウスの構築:動物実験の承認はノースカロライナ大学機関動物愛護および使用委員会(IACUC)から得られた。Balb/Crag2−gammaC(DKO)変異DKO−huHSCまたはNod−rag1−gammaC(NRG)NRG−huHSCマウスを、既に報告されている方法と同様に構築した50。簡単に説明すると、ヒトCD34+細胞を16〜20週齢の胎児肝臓組織から単離した。組織を肝臓消化液(Invitrogen、Frederick、MD)で消化した。該懸濁液を70μmの細胞濾過器(BD Falcon、Lincoln Park、NJ)で濾過し、150gで5分間遠心分離してフィコール(Ficoll)によって単核細胞を単離した。磁気活性化細胞選別(MACS)キットでCD34+を選別後、CD34+HSC(0.5×106)を、あらかじめ300radに曝露した各2〜6日齢のDKOまたはNRGマウスの肝臓に注射した。95%以上のヒト化マウスで、血液中にヒト白血球を安定して再構築した(12〜14週で10%〜90%)。各コホート(同じヒトドナー胎児肝臓組織から再構築されたヒト化マウス)は同様の生着レベルだった。全てのマウスはノースカロライナ大学チャペルヒル校に収容した。
本発明者らや他のグループは、機能的なヒトpDCはヒト化マウスモデルのリンパ系組織で発現していることを報告している(Traggiaiら、Science 304:104(2004);Zhangら、Blood 117:6184(2011);Tanakaら、J.Immunol.(2012))。ヒトpDCはHIV−1感染によって急速に活性化され、pDC活性化量はCD4+T細胞数と逆相関性であり(Zhangら、Blood 117:6184(2011))、この結果はHIV−1感染患者での観察結果(Buimovici−Kleinら、Lancet 2:344(1983);Buimovici−Kleinら、AIDS Res.2:99−108(1986);Meierら、Nature Medicine 15:955(2009))およびSIV感染サルでの観察結果(Harrisら、J.Virol.84:7886(2010);Campillo−Gimenezら、J.Virol.84:1838(2010))と一致している。本研究では、持続性HIV感染がデュアルトロピックR3A株(図1a)またはCCR5トロピックJR−CSF株(図2)に感染したヒト化マウスで効率よく確立されたことを示した。急性および慢性HIV−1感染の両方において、HLA−DR+CD38+CD8T細胞の増加が観察され(図1b、図3a〜図3c)、CD3+T細胞中のCD4T細胞割合の減少も観察された(図1c、図4a〜図4c)。HIV−1患者について、白血球減少、またはCD8T細胞を含む全ヒトCD45+白血球の枯渇が血液および脾臓で起こった(図1d、図5a)。HIV患者と同様に、R3AまたはJR−CSF感染マウスのいずれか一方で血漿中のI型インターフェロン産生が有意に誘導し(図1e、図5b)、脾臓の白血球においてI型インターフェロン特異的ISG遺伝子発現も増加した(図1f、図5c)。このように、ヒト化マウスは、HIV−1の役割を研究するための適切なインビボモデルおよびHIV−1免疫病原性における宿主の免疫エフェクターを提供する(Zhangら、Blood 117:6184(2011);Zhangら、Cell.Mol.Immunol.9:237(2012))。
インビボでのHIV−1感染および発症機序でのヒトpDCの役割を詳しく調べるため、抗BDCA2(CD303)モノクローナル抗体(15B)を作製した。この抗体はヒト化マウスのリンパ器官においてヒトpDCを特異的に枯渇させることができる。15Bの注射後、CD45+白血球中のヒトpDCは、末梢血(図6a)およびリンパ器官(図6b)の両方で大きく減少した。コントロールである、ヒトT、B、モノサイト/マクロファージおよび骨髄樹状細胞は、15B注射によって不安定にならなかった(図7〜図9)。
HIV−1の一次感染初期におけるpDCの役割を検証するため、15Bおよびアイソタイプコントロール抗体を、感染5日前、3日前および1日前のヒト化マウスに注射し、該マウスに高病原性であるR3A、CCR5およびCXCR4デュアルトロピックHIV−1株を感染させた(Meissnerら、Virology 328:74(2004);Sivaramanら、J.Virol.83:11715(2009))。該感染マウスに感染後3日目および6日目に15Bまたはコントロール抗体を注射した。感染後8日目で屠殺したとき、該感染マウスの血液およびリンパ器官でpDCは枯渇したままであることがわかった(図10a)。興味深いことに、HIV−1感染マウスの血漿IFN−Iレベルは、pDC枯渇によって有意に消失した(図10b)。異なるサブタイプのヒトIFN−Iの誘導についても、リアルタイムPCRによるRNAレベルは消失していた(図10c)。さらに、Mx1、TRIM22などのISGのアップレギュレーションも阻害された(図10d)。これらのデータは、pDCが、これのみではないにしても、ヒト化マウスにおいて、HIV−1感染初期のインビボでの主要なIFN−I産生細胞であることを証明している。
ヒト化マウスでのpDC枯渇は、確立されている持続性HIV−1感染によって行った。ヒト化マウスにJR−CSFを11週間感染させ、その後15Bを投与してpDCを枯渇させた。感染前pDC枯渇のデータと一致して、屠殺までの10週間持続して、増加したウイルス血が観察された(図16a)。HIV感染細胞(HIV−1 p24陽性)の割合も増加した(図16b、図17a)。血漿IFN−α2の誘導は、pDC枯渇マウスで大きく減少した(図17b)。リアルタイムPCRアッセイおよびcDNAアッセイ(図17e、f)によって、脾臓のヒト白血球での、異なるIFN−1サブタイプ(図17c)およびISG(図17d)の誘導がRNA量で減少したことも証明された。これらのデータは、pDCがHIV−1慢性感染においてインビボでなお主要なINF−I産生細胞であることを示唆している。
さらなる抗BDCA2(CD303)モノクローナル抗体のスクリーニングで、ヒト化マウスのリンパ器官でのヒトpDCを特異的に枯渇させる別の抗体(12B)を同定した。12B注射後、CD45+白血球のヒトpDCは脾臓で大きく減少した(図20)。対照として、ヒトT細胞および骨髄樹状細胞は12B注射によって不安定にはならなかった(図20)。
Claims (35)
- 対象において形質細胞様樹状細胞(pDC)を枯渇させるために使用するための、血液樹状細胞抗原−2(BDCA2)に特異的に結合してpDCを枯渇させる抗体またはその断片であって、前記抗体またはその断片が、
配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、または、
配列番号6のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、
抗体またはその断片。 - 治療を必要とする対象においてpDCに関連する障害を治療するために使用するための、BDCA2に特異的に結合してpDCを枯渇させる抗体またはその断片であって、前記抗体またはその断片が、
配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、または、
配列番号6のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、
抗体またはその断片。 - 前記障害が持続性ウイルス感染である、請求項2に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記障害がヒト免疫不全ウイルス感染である、請求項2に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記障害が感染症である、請求項2に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記障害が自己免疫疾患である、請求項2に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記障害ががんである、請求項2に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記障害がpDC性白血病である、請求項2に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記障害がpDCの組織内蓄積に関連する障害である、請求項2に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記BDCA2がヒトBDCA2である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記抗体またはその断片が、モノクローナル抗体またはその断片である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体またはその断片が、エピトープIQNLKRNSSYFLGLSDPGGR(配列番号9)または少なくとも5つの連続するアミノ酸である前記エピトープの断片に特異的に結合する、請求項11に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体またはその断片が、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域を含む、請求項11に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体またはその断片が、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項11に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体またはその断片が、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、請求項11に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体またはその断片が、配列番号6のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域を含む、請求項11に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体またはその断片が、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項11に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体またはその断片が、配列番号6のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、請求項11に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体またはその断片がキメラ抗体またはその断片である、請求項11〜18のいずれか1項に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体またはその断片がヒト化抗体またはその断片である、請求項11〜18のいずれか1項に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- BDCA2に特異的に結合してpDCを枯渇させる抗体またはその断片の有効量をインビトロの細胞の混合集団に送達するステップを含み、それにより前記インビトロの細胞の混合集団におけるpDCを枯渇させる、細胞の混合集団においてpDCを枯渇させる方法であって、
前記抗体またはその断片が、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、または、
前記抗体またはその断片が、配列番号6のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、
方法。 - BDCA2に特異的に結合し、対象に投与されるとpDCを枯渇させる抗体またはその断片であって、前記抗体またはその断片が、
配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、または、
配列番号6のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、
抗体またはその断片。 - モノクローナル抗体またはその断片である、請求項22に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- エピトープIQNLKRNSSYFLGLSDPGGR(配列番号9)または少なくとも5つの連続するアミノ酸である前記エピトープの断片に特異的に結合する、請求項23に記載の抗体またはその断片。
- BDCA2に特異的に結合するモノクローナル抗体またはその断片であって、前記抗体またはその断片が、
配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、または、
配列番号6のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、
抗体またはその断片。 - 前記抗体またはその断片が、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域を含む、請求項25に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはその断片。
- 前記抗体またはその断片が、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項25に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはその断片。
- 前記抗体またはその断片が、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、請求項25に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはその断片。
- 前記抗体またはその断片が、配列番号6のアミノ酸配列またはその配列を含む重鎖可変領域を含む、請求項25に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはその断片。
- 前記抗体またはその断片が、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列またはその配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項25に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはその断片。
- 前記抗体またはその断片が、配列番号6のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む重鎖可変領域と、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列からの3つのCDR配列を含む軽鎖可変領域とを含む、請求項25に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはその断片。
- キメラ抗体またはその断片である、請求項25〜31のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはその断片。
- ヒト化抗体またはその断片である、請求項25〜31のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはその断片。
- 請求項25〜33のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはその断片および薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項25〜33のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはその断片および使用説明書を含むキット。
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