JP6674474B2 - 静電チャック - Google Patents
静電チャック Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6674474B2 JP6674474B2 JP2017543256A JP2017543256A JP6674474B2 JP 6674474 B2 JP6674474 B2 JP 6674474B2 JP 2017543256 A JP2017543256 A JP 2017543256A JP 2017543256 A JP2017543256 A JP 2017543256A JP 6674474 B2 JP6674474 B2 JP 6674474B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrostatic chuck
- sintered body
- dielectric layer
- alumina sintered
- chuck according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 155
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 34
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 34
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 13
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N Sorbitan trioleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004147 Sorbitan trioleate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000005 dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960000391 sorbitan trioleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019337 sorbitan trioleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/683—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
- H01L21/6831—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using electrostatic chucks
- H01L21/6833—Details of electrostatic chucks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/101—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/1115—Minute sintered entities, e.g. sintered abrasive grains or shaped particles such as platelets
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6261—Milling
- C04B35/6262—Milling of calcined, sintered clinker or ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62625—Wet mixtures
- C04B35/6264—Mixing media, e.g. organic solvents
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
- C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B35/6342—Polyvinylacetals, e.g. polyvinylbutyral [PVB]
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/638—Removal thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/005—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of glass or ceramic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/683—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping
- H01L21/6831—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for supporting or gripping using electrostatic chucks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
X線を照射したときの2θ=20°〜70°の範囲におけるX線回折プロファイルを用いてロットゲーリング法により求めたc面配向度が5%以上の面を有する配向アルミナ焼結体からなる誘電体層と、
前記誘電体層のウエハー載置面とは反対側の面に一体化されているセラミックス層と、
前記誘電体層と前記セラミックス層との間に存在する静電電極と、
を備えたものである。
R:気孔の直径(μm)
N:気孔の数
(1)誘電体層用成形体の作製
微細アルミナ粉末(大明化学工業株式会社製、グレードTM−DAR)100質量部に対し、酸化マグネシウム(500A、宇部マテリアルズ製)0.0125質量部(125質量ppm)と、バインダーとしてポリビニルブチラール(品番BM−2、積水化学工業製)7.8質量部と、可塑剤としてジ(2−エチルヘキシル)フタレート(黒金化成製)3.9質量部と、分散剤としてトリオレイン酸ソルビタン(レオドールSP−O30、花王製)2質量部と、分散媒として2−エチルヘキサノールとを加えて混合した。分散媒の量は、スラリー粘度が20000cPとなるように調整した。このようにして調製されたスラリーを、ドクターブレード法によってPETフィルムの上に乾燥後の厚みが40μmとなるようにシート状に成形し、微細アルミナ粉末層とした。
(2a)セラミックス層用成形体の作製
片面加工体の積層数を350層とした以外は、上記(1)と同様にして積層体を得た。この積層体をセラミックス層用成形体とした。
得られたセラミックス層用成形体を脱脂炉中に配置し、600℃で10時間の条件で脱脂を行った。得られた脱脂体を黒鉛製の型を用い、ホットプレスにて窒素中、焼成温度(最高到達温度)1975℃で4時間、面圧200kgf/cm2の条件で焼成し、アルミナ焼結体を得た。
このようにして得られたアルミナ焼結体をセラミックス製の定盤に固定し、砥石を用いて#2000まで研削して板面を平坦にした。次いで、ダイヤモンド砥粒を用いたラップ加工により、板面を平滑化し、直径300mm、厚さ6mmの平滑なアルミナ焼結体を得た。この平滑なアルミナ焼結体をセラミックス層とした。ラップ加工により平滑化した板面の表面粗さ(Ra)は0.8μm以下であった。
タングステン粉末60質量%、アルミナ粉末40質量%、及び、バインダであるテルピネオールを混合し、印刷ペーストを作製した。アルミナ粉末には大明化学工業株式会社製、グレードTM−DARを用いた。作製した印刷ペーストを用い、スクリーン印刷法により、セラミックス層の平滑面上に直径290mm、厚み10μmの印刷電極を形成し、乾燥させた。
上記(1)で得られた誘電体層用成形体を脱脂炉中に配置し、600℃で10時間の条件で脱脂を行い、誘電体層用脱脂体を得た。次いで、黒鉛製の型の中に、静電電極が印刷されたセラミックス層を設置し、その電極印刷面側に誘電体層用脱脂体を設置し、ホットプレスにて窒素中、焼成温度(最高到達温度)1975℃で4時間、面圧200kgf/cm2の条件で焼成した。これにより、セラミックス層−静電電極−誘電体層が一体化された、一体化焼結体を得た。
以下のようにして誘電体層及び静電チャックの各種特性を測定した。測定結果を表1に示す。
誘電体層の配向度を確認するため、別途同様の方法で作製した静電チャックの一部を切り出し、誘電体層の上面に対してX線を照射しc面配向度を測定した。XRD装置(リガク製、RINT−TTR III)を用い、2θ=20〜70°の範囲でXRDプロファイルを測定した。具体的には、CuKα線を用いて電圧50kV、電流300mAという条件で測定した。c面配向度はロットゲーリング法によって算出した。具体的には、以下の式により算出した。式中、Pは誘電体層のXRDから得られた値であり、P0は標準α−アルミナ(JCPDSカードNo.46−1212)から算出された値である。実験例1の誘電体層のc面配向度は100%であった。
チルト角は、結晶軸の傾き分布であり、アルミナの結晶方位がc軸からどの程度の頻度で傾いているかを評価するパラメータである(図6参照)。ここでは、チルト角をX線ロッキングカーブ半値幅(XRC・FWHM)で表す。XRC・FWHMは、誘電体層の板面(c面配向度測定と同じ面)に対し、X線源と検出器を連動させてスキャンし、得られたカーブの半値幅を測定した(図7参照)。このように2θ(検出器と入射X線とのなす角度)の値をその回折ピーク位置に固定し、ω(試料基板面と入射X線とのなす角度)のみ走査する測定方法をロッキングカーブ測定とよぶ。装置はリガク製、RINT−TTR IIIを用い、CuKα線を用いて電圧50kV、電流300mAという条件でωの走査範囲を3.8°〜38.8°とした。実験例1の誘電体層のXRC・FWHMは0.9°であった。
誘電体層の焼結体粒子について、板面の平均焼結粒径を以下の方法により測定した。静電チャックから切り出した誘電体層を、1550℃で45分間サーマルエッチングを行った後、走査電子顕微鏡にて画像を撮影した。視野範囲は、得られる画像の対角線に直線を引いた場合に、いずれの直線も10個から30個の粒子と交わるような直線が引けるような視野範囲とした。得られた画像の対角線に引いた2本の直線において、直線が交わる全ての粒子に対し、個々の粒子の内側の線分の長さを平均したものに1.5を乗じた値を板面の平均焼結粒径とした。この結果、板面の平均焼結粒径は66μmであった。
上記(1)と同様の方法で誘電体層成形体を作製し、600℃で10時間の条件で脱脂を行って誘電体層用脱脂体とし、上記(4)と同じ条件でホットプレス焼成を行って誘電体層のみを作製し、これを測定用試料とした。この測定用試料を純度99.9質量%のアルミナ乳鉢で粉砕した後、下記方法により定量分析した。Al,O以外の元素について、下記方法により定量分析した。実験例1の測定用試料(誘電体層)のAl,O以外の元素は、Mgが62ppm検出され、それ以外の元素は検出されなかった。
C,S:炭素・硫黄分析装置(LECO製CS844)を用いて燃焼(高周波加熱)−赤外線吸収法にて分析した。検出下限は10ppmである。
N:酸素・窒素分析装置(堀場製作所製EMGA−650W)を用いて不活性ガス融解−熱伝導度法にて分析した。検出下限は10ppmである。
H:水素分析装置(堀場製作所製EMGA−921)を用いて不活性ガス融解−非分散型赤外線吸収法にて分析した。検出下限は10ppmである。
F:鏡面研磨後のアルミナ焼結体をダイナミック二次イオン質量分析(D−SIMS)した。測定装置は、PHI社製ADEPT1010を用いた。測定条件は下記のとおりとした。
・一次イオン種:Cs+
・一次イオン加速エネルギー:3keV
・二次イオン極性:Negative
・電荷補償:E−gun
・スパッタサイクル:100〜500サイクル
200−300スパッタサイクル間の平均値をF量として用いた。定量分析の際は分析試料と同組成(AlO)の濃度既知の標準試料を分析試料と同条件で測定し、相対感度係数を求めて定量を行った。
上記以外の元素(主にSi,Fe,Ti,Na,Ca,Mg,K,P,V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Y,Zr,Pb,Bi,Li,Be,B,Cl,Sc,Ga,Ge,As,Se,Br,Rb,Sr,Nb,Mo,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Cd,In,Sn,Sb,Te,Cs,Ba,Hf,Ta,W,Ir,Pt,Au,Hg,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,):JISR1649に準拠した加圧硫酸分解法にてアルミナ粉末を溶解し、ICP(誘導結合プラズマ)発光分析装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス製PS3520UV−DD)にて分析した。検出下限は10ppmである。
なお、Ba、Sr、Pbについては別途以下の方法を用いて分析したが、検出されなかった。
Ba,Sr,Pb:炭酸ナトリウム融液にてアルミナ粉末を融解し、ICP(誘導結合プラズマ)質量分析装置(サーモフィッシャーサイエンス製iCAPQC)にて分析した。
上記(5d)で作製した測定用試料の体積固有抵抗率をJIS C2141に準じた方法により測定した。測定は、真空雰囲気下、室温(25℃)、100℃、200℃、300℃、400℃の各温度で行った。試験片形状は直径50×厚み1mmとし、主電極径を20mm、ガード電極内径を30mm、ガード電極外径を40mm、印加電極径を45mmとなるよう各電極を銀ペーストで形成した。印加電圧は1000V/mmとし、電流を読みとり、体積固有抵抗値を算出した。実験例1の測定用試料(誘電体層)の体積固有抵抗率は室温〜300℃では>1×1017Ωcm、400℃では9.4×1015Ωcmであった。
上記(5d)で作製した測定用試料の嵩密度を、JIS R1634に準拠したアルキメデス法にて測定した。実験例1の測定用試料(誘電体層)の嵩密度は3.98g/cm3であった。
上記(5d)で作製した測定用試料に鏡面研磨を施し、表面粗さ(Ra)8nmとした。鏡面研磨後の測定用試料から4×0.5×20mmの棒を切り出し、四点曲げ強さを測定した。外部支点間距離は15mm、内部支点間距離は5mmとし、試験片が破断したときの荷重を用いてJIS1601:2008に記載の四点曲げ強さの計算式にて算出した。実験例1の測定用試料(誘電体層)の四点曲げ強さは483MPaであった。
上記(5d)で作製した測定用試料の任意の断面をダイヤモンド砥粒を用いて予備研磨した後、クロスセクションポリッシャ(CP)(日本電子製、IB−09010CP)で研磨した。CPはイオンミリングの範疇に属する。CPを用いたのは、研磨面に脱粒が生じないからである。得られた断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(日本電子製、JSM−6390)にて撮影した。観察する倍率は、具体的には、縦92.5μm×横124.0μmの視野を倍率1000倍で撮影した写真を、縦4枚分、横3枚分の連続的な二次電子像及び反射電子像の写真(縦370.0μm×横372.0μm)となるように並べ、目視により直径0.2μm以上の気孔の数及び直径0.2μm以上の異物の数をカウントした。このとき、観察された気孔の最長辺を直径とした。二次電子像及び反射電子像の写真では、アルミナはグレー、気孔は黒、異物はアルミナや気孔とコントラストが異なる色調で現れるため、アルミナ、気孔及び異物を目視で容易に判別することができる。判別が難しい箇所については、EDS(日本電子製、JSM−6390)を用いて判別した。なお、観察された気孔、異物の最長辺の平均値を直径とした。次に、以下の式を用いてアルミナ焼結体の体積に対する直径0.2μm以上の気孔の体積割合を算出した。
気孔体積割合={π×(R/2)2/137640}×N
R:気孔の直径(μm)
N:気孔の数
実験例1のアルミナ焼結体で確認された直径0.2μm以上の気孔のアルミナ焼結体の体積に対する体積割合は6.4体積ppm、直径0.2μm以上の異物数は26個であった。
上記(5d)で作製した測定用試料に鏡面研磨を施し、表面粗さ(Ra)8nmとした。鏡面研磨後の測定用試料に対し、ICPプラズマ耐食試験装置を用いて下記条件の耐食試験を行い、耐食試験後の表面粗さ(Ra)を測定した。Raは試料表面を光学計測機器(Zygo社製NewView7300)を用いて、1.4mm×1.05mmの範囲にて測定した。実験例1の測定用試料(誘電体層)の耐食試験後の表面粗さRaは20nmであった。
ICP:800W、バイアス:450W、導入ガス:NF3/O2/Ar=75/35/100sccm 0.05Torr、暴露時間:10h、試料温度:室温
静電チャックについて、吸着力、吸着力分布を評価した。具体的な測定方法は以下の通りである。真空中で静電チャックのウエハー載置面上に直径5cmのシリコン製プローブ(以下、「シリコンプローブ」という)を接触させ、静電チャックの静電電極とシリコンプローブ間にDC2000Vの電圧を印加し、シリコンプローブを静電チャックに吸着固定させた。電圧印加から60秒後に電圧を印加したまま、シリコンプローブを静電チャックのウエハー載置面から引き剥がす方向に引き上げ、引き剥がすために要した力(吸着力)を室温(25℃)と400℃の温度で測定した。このような測定を静電チャック表面の任意の点で計20点測定した。実験例1の静電チャックの吸着力は室温では3190±10Pa、400℃では3180±20Paの吸着力であり、非常にばらつきの少なく高い吸着力を示した。
(1)誘電体層用成形体の作製
板状アルミナ粉末を以下のようにして作製した。高純度γ−アルミナ粉末(TM−300D、大明化学製)96質量部と、高純度AlF3粉末(関東化学製、鹿特級)4質量部と、種結晶として高純度α−アルミナ粉末(TM−DAR、大明化学製、D50=1μm)0.17質量部とを、溶媒をIPA(イソプロピルアルコール)としてφ2mmのアルミナボールを用いて5時間ポットミルで混合した。ポットミル混合した後、IPAをエバポレータにて乾燥し、混合粉末を得た。得られた混合粉末300gを純度99.5質量%の高純度アルミナ製のさや(容積750cm3)に入れ、純度99.5質量%の高純度アルミナ製の蓋をして電気炉内でエアフロー中、900℃、3時間熱処理した。エアーの流量は25000cc/minとした。熱処理後の粉末を大気中、1150℃で42.5時間アニール処理した後、φ2mmのアルミナボールを用いて4時間粉砕して平均粒径2μm、厚み0.3μm、アスペクト比約7の板状アルミナ粉末を得た。粒子の平均粒径、平均厚み、アスペクト比は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で板状アルミナ粉末中の任意の粒子100個を観察して決定した。平均粒径は、粒子板面の長軸長の平均値、平均厚みは、粒子の短軸長(厚み)の平均値、アスペクト比は、平均粒径/平均厚みである。図5は、板状アルミナ粒子の模式図であり、(a)は平面図、(b)は正面図である。板状アルミナ粒子は、平面視したときの形状が略六角形状であり、その粒径は図5(a)に示したとおりであり、厚みは図5(b)に示したとおりである。
(2a)セラミックス層用成形体の作製
テープの積層枚数を700枚とした以外は、上記(1)と同様にして円板状の積層体を得た。この積層体をセラミックス層用成形体とした。
得られたセラミックス層用成形体を脱脂炉中に配置し、600℃で10時間の条件で脱脂を行った。得られた脱脂体を黒鉛製の型を用い、ホットプレスにて窒素中、焼成温度(最高到達温度)1975℃で4時間、面圧200kgf/cm2の条件で焼成し、アルミナ焼結体を得た。
得られたアルミナ焼結体をセラミックス製の定盤に固定し、砥石を用いて#2000まで研削して板面を平坦にした。次いで、ダイヤモンド砥粒を用いたラップ加工により、板面を平滑化し、直径300mm、厚さ6mmの平滑なアルミナ焼結体を得た。この平滑なアルミナ焼結体をセラミックス層とした。ラップ加工により平滑化した板面の表面粗さ(Ra)は0.8μm以下であった。
タングステン粉末60質量%、アルミナ粉末40質量%、及び、バインダであるテルピネオールを混合し、印刷ペーストを作製した。アルミナ粉末には大明化学工業株式会社製、グレードTM−DARを用いた。作製した印刷ペーストを用い、スクリーン印刷法により、セラミックス層の平滑面上に直径290mm、厚み10μmの印刷電極を形成し、乾燥させた。
上記(1)で得られた誘電体層用成形体を脱脂炉中に配置し、600℃で10時間の条件で脱脂を行い、誘電体層用脱脂体を得た。次いで黒鉛製の型の中に、静電電極が印刷されたセラミックス層を設置し、その電極印刷面側に脱脂した誘電体層用積層体を設置し、ホットプレスにて窒素中、焼成温度(最高到達温度)1975℃で4時間、面圧200kgf/cm2の条件で焼成した。これにより、セラミックス層−静電電極−誘電体層が一体化された、一体化焼結体を得た。
実験例1の(5)と同様にして、誘電体層及び静電チャックの各種特性を測定した。その結果を表1に示した。
誘電体層用成形体及びセラミックス層用成形体を作製するにあたり、実験例2の板状アルミナの作製においてアニール処理を実施しなかったこと、実験例2のテープ成形において板状アルミナ粉末10.0質量部と微細アルミナ粉末90.0質量部とを混合し酸化マグネシウムの添加量を0.25質量部にしたこと、及び、実験例2の焼成温度を1800℃としたこと以外は、実験例2と同様にして静電チャックを作製した。また、実験例1の(5)と同様にして、誘電体層及び静電チャックの各種特性を測定した。その結果を表1に示した。なお、誘電体層のXRC・FWHMはロッキングカーブのピークが出なかったため測定できなかった。
誘電体層用成形体及びセラミックス層用成形体を作製するにあたり、実験例2のテープ成形において板状アルミナ粉末を加えなかったこと、同じくテープ成形において酸化マグネシウムの添加量を0.1質量部にしたこと、及び、実験例2の焼成温度を1800℃としたこと以外は、実験例2と同様にして静電チャックを作製した。また、実験例1の(5)と同様にして、誘電体層及び静電チャックの各種特性を測定した。その結果を表1に示した。
誘電体層用成形体及びセラミックス層用成形体を作製するにあたり、実験例2のテープ成形において板状アルミナ粉末0.1質量部と微細アルミナ粉末99.9質量部とを混合し酸化マグネシウムの添加量を0.05質量部にしたこと、及び、実験例2の焼成温度を1850℃としたこと以外は、実験例2と同様にして静電チャックを作製した。また、実験例1の(5)と同様にして、誘電体層及び静電チャックの各種特性を測定した。その結果を表1に示した。
誘電体層用成形体及びセラミックス層用成形体を作製するにあたり、実験例2の板状アルミナ作製時に1150℃で42.5時間アニール処理した後、φ2mmのアルミナボールを用いて50時間粉砕して平均粒径1μm、厚み0.3μm、アスペクト比約3の板状アルミナ粉末としたこと、及び、実験例2の焼成温度を1800℃としたこと以外は、実験例2と同様にして静電チャックを作製した。また、実験例1の(5)と同様にして、誘電体層及び静電チャックの各種特性を測定した。その結果を表1に示した。
誘電体層用成形体及びセラミックス層用成形体を作製するにあたり、実験例2のテープ成形において、原料として板状アルミナ粉末を加えず、微細アルミナ粉末(TM−DAR、平均粒径0.1μm、大明化学製)100質量部としたこと、及び、実験例2の焼成温度を1800℃としたこと以外は、実験例2と同様にして静電チャックを作製した。また、実験例1の(5)と同様にして、誘電体層及び静電チャックの各種特性を測定した。その結果を表1に示した。なお、配向アルミナ誘電体層のXRC・FWHMはロッキングカーブのピークが出なかったため測定できなかった。
実験例7の静電チャックは、誘電体層を構成するアルミナ焼結体のc面配向度が0%であったため、室温吸着力及び400℃吸着力ともウエハー載置面内でのバラツキが大きかった。また、実験例7の静電チャックは、耐食試験後の表面粗さ(Ra)は耐食試験前に比べて格段に荒れていたため、腐食速度のウエハー載置面内でのバラツキも大きかった。これに対して、実験例1〜6の静電チャックは、誘電体層を構成するアルミナ焼結体のc面配向度が5%以上であったため、実験例7に比べて、室温吸着力及び400℃吸着力は大きくなりウエハー載置面内でのバラツキは小さくなった。また耐食試験後の表面粗さ(Ra)は実験例7に比べて格段に小さくなり、腐食速度のウエハー載置面内でのバラツキは小さくなった。こうしたことから、実験例1〜6の静電チャックでは、実験例7に比べて、ウエハー吸着力が高く、ウエハー載置面内でのウエハー吸着力やプラズマ耐食性を実験例7に比べて均質にできることがわかった。
Claims (10)
- X線を照射したときの2θ=20°〜70°の範囲におけるX線回折プロファイルを用いてロットゲーリング法により求めたc面配向度が5%以上の面を有する配向アルミナ焼結体からなる誘電体層と、
前記誘電体層のウエハー載置面とは反対側の面に一体化されているセラミックス層と、
前記誘電体層と前記セラミックス層との間に存在する静電電極と、
を備えた静電チャック。 - 前記セラミックス層の主成分がアルミナである、
請求項1に記載の静電チャック。 - 前記配向アルミナ焼結体のc面配向度が70%以上である、
請求項1又は2に記載の静電チャック。 - 前記配向アルミナ焼結体の焼結粒径が15〜200μmである、
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の静電チャック。 - 前記配向アルミナ焼結体の室温の体積固有抵抗値が1×1017Ωcm以上、200℃における体積固有抵抗値が1×1015Ωcm以上である、
請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の静電チャック。 - 前記配向アルミナ焼結体のロッキングカーブ測定におけるXRC半値幅が15°以下である、
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の静電チャック。 - 前記配向アルミナ焼結体中のMg,C,F以外の不純物元素の含有量が50ppm以下である、
請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の静電チャック。 - 前記配向アルミナ焼結体中のFの含有量が200質量ppm以下である、
請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の静電チャック。 - 前記配向アルミナ焼結体の体積に対する直径0.2μm以上の気孔の体積割合が130体積ppm以下である、
請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の静電チャック。 - 縦370.0μm×横372.0μmの視野を走査電子顕微鏡にて倍率1000倍で撮影した写真を目視したときの直径0.2μm以上の異物が50個以下である、
請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の静電チャック。
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US5754391A (en) | 1996-05-17 | 1998-05-19 | Saphikon Inc. | Electrostatic chuck |
US5737178A (en) | 1997-03-06 | 1998-04-07 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Monocrystalline ceramic coating having integral bonding interconnects for electrostatic chucks |
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