JP6671706B2 - 認識機能向上剤 - Google Patents
認識機能向上剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6671706B2 JP6671706B2 JP2019568484A JP2019568484A JP6671706B2 JP 6671706 B2 JP6671706 B2 JP 6671706B2 JP 2019568484 A JP2019568484 A JP 2019568484A JP 2019568484 A JP2019568484 A JP 2019568484A JP 6671706 B2 JP6671706 B2 JP 6671706B2
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Classifications
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
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- A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
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- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
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Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Pediatric Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Description
発明者は、学習能力を高めるために、認識機能及び情報処理能力を高める新たな認識機能向上剤を鋭意探求した。
本開示の別の一態様は、わさび抽出物を有する認識機能向上剤である。
原理的にはKjaer等の方法に従う(Kjaer等, Acta chem.. Scand., 11, 1298, 1957)。6−クロロヘキサノールを用い、CH3−SNaと還流して6−メチルチオヘキサノールを得る。これに塩化チオニル(SOCl2)を作用させて、6−クロロヘキシルメチルサルファイドを得る。次にガブリエル法を用いて、フタルイミドカリウム塩により、アミノ基を導入し、N−(6−メチルチオヘキシル)−フタルイミドを生成する。これにヒドラジン水和物を加えて還流し、6−メチルチオヘキシルアミンを得た後、チオカルボニルクロライドを作用させて、6−メチルチオヘキシルイソチオシアネートを得る。
本開示の認識機能向上剤の投与量は、患者の年齢、性別、体重、用法、用量などを考慮することにより決定される。用法としては、経口投与などが挙げられる。経口投与の場合、認識機能向上剤における6−MSITCの1日あたりの投与量は0.01mg/日〜10mg/日がよく、更に0.05mg/日〜5.0mg/日が好ましく、0.1mg/日〜1mg/日が望ましい。
本開示の食品は、認識機能向上剤を含んでいてもよい。本開示の化粧品は、認識機能向上剤を含んでいてもよい。本開示の医薬部外品は、認識機能向上剤を含んでいてもよい。
(1)被験物質の調製
被験物質は、試料1及び参考試料1である。試料1は、6−MSITCを有するわさび抽出物、シクロデキストリン、ゼラチン、及びカラメル色素からなる。試料1における6−MSITCの含有量は0.5mgである。参考試料1は、わさび抽出物を含んでいない点を除いて、試料1と同様である。試料1及び参考試料1の形態は、パウダーである。
一般に運動などの身体活動により認知機能の改善及び低下の抑制が認められることは知られている(安永明智,木村憲,高齢者の認知機能と運動・身体活動の関係,第25回健康医科学研究助成論文集,2010:129−13611)Yanagisawa H.et.al.,Acute moderate exercise elicits increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation and improves cognitive performance with Stroop test.,Neuroimage.,2010,50(4):1702−1710)。本実施例でも、運動習慣の有無が各種神経心理学的検査に影響を与えることが予想された。
6−MSTICをヒトに0.2〜1.0mg摂取させたときのヒト試験において、抗酸化作用、血流改善作用、抗炎症作用、肌状態改善効果が報告されている(金印株式会社)。そこで、試料1における6−MSITCの含有量は0.5mgとした。
(2−1)Stroop試験
Stroop試験は、脳へ同時に入ってくる2つの異なる情報(言語情報と色覚情報)の識別・処理能力を評価するテストである。新Stroop検査(箱田裕司、渡辺めぐみ;新ストループ検査II、株式会社トーヨーフィジカル)の検査実施手順に従って行った。このテストは、4つのステップ(「ステップ1」、「2」、「3」、「4」)のサブテストからなり、ステップが進むに従って難易度が増す。テストは複数の問題を含む。被験者は、所定時間内に問題を解く。それぞれのステップについて、達成数、正答数、誤答数(誤数)、逆ストループ干渉率、ストループ干渉率を評価した。
ストループ干渉率(%)=100×(ステップ3の正答数―ステップ4の正答数)÷ステップ3の正答数
達成数、正答数は測定値の増加が改善を示す。誤答数(誤数)、逆ストループ干渉率、ストループ干渉率は測定値の低下が改善を示す。
ステップ1:言葉が表すインクの色にチェックをつける
ステップ2:言葉の表す色とインクの色とが対応していない。言葉が表すインクの色にチェックをつける。
ステップ3:インクの色に当たる言葉を選んでチェックをつける。
ステップ4:言葉の表す色とインクの色とが対応していない。言葉が書かれているインクの色に当たる言葉を選んでチェックをつける。
ステップ1は、8週目の変化量で、A群(6−MSITC摂取者群)はP群(6−MSITC非摂取者群)と比べて有意に増加した。ステップ4においても、8週目の変化量で、A群はP群と比べて有意に増加した。ステップ2,3はすべて検査時点で変化量に有意な群間差はなかった。
ステップ1では、8週目の変化量で、A群がP群と比べて有意に増加した。ステップ4では、8週目の変化量で、A群がP群と比べて有意に増加した。ステップ2,3はすべての検査時点で変化量に有意な群間差はなかった。
ステップ1において、4週目の変化量はP群0.2±0.4、A群−0.2±0.4、8週目の変化量はP群0.1±0.2、A群−0.2±0.4であった。ステップ2,3,4はすべての検査時点で変化量に有意な群間差はなかった。
逆ストループ干渉率では、4週目の変化量で、P群がA群に比べて有意に数値が低かった。摂取前値において、P群と比べてA群が有意に低かったため、摂取前値を共変量として共分散分析を行った。その結果、P群とA群との間に有意な群間差は見られなかった。ストループ干渉率は4週目の変化量に有意な群間差はなかった。
バーデュー・ペグボード検査は、組立や梱包などの手作業に対する巧緻性を評価する検査(Purdue research Foundation (no date). Puerdue Peg-board Tes. Lafayette, lafayette Instrument Co.)である。本検査では、バーデュー・ペグボード(A929-1, 酒井医療社製)を用いて手順書に従って実施し、逆ストループ干渉率及びストループ干渉率を計算した。右手、左手、両手の順に、それぞれ1回ずつ実施した。利き手、非利き手、両手について、測定値の推移と、摂取前からの変化量とを表5に示した。測定値の増加が改善を示す。
RAVLT(Lezak M. D., レザック 神経心理学的検査集成 2005, 創造出版)は、即時的な記憶と短時間の記憶の容量並びにその保持・再生能力を評価するテストである。意味的に無関連な15語(リストA)について聴覚的に提示し、直後にその単語を再生させる。同様の試行を5回行う(第1試行から第5試行)。その後に、リストAとは異なる15語(リストB)を同様の方法で回答させ、さらにその後にリストAのうちまだ覚えている単語を口頭で回答させた(第6試行:干渉課題後の記憶)。更に干渉課題として以下の(2)〜(5)の各検査を実施し、20分後にリストAのうちまだ覚えている単語を口頭で回答させた(第7試行:遅延再生)。
第2試行については、4週目の変化量(P群1.0土1.8個、A群2.2士1.6個)で、A群がP群と比べて有意に増加した。摂取前値において、P群と比べてA群が有意に低かったため、摂取前値を共変量として共分散分析を行った。その結果、P群とA群との間に有意な群間差は見られなかった。
Stroop試験では、ステップ1,4の「達成数」、「正答数」について、8週目の変化量で、A群(6−MSITC摂取者群)がP群(6−MSITC非摂取者群)に比べて有意な改善がみられた。
Stroop試験は、注意機能・情報処理速度の両面を測定できると考えられており、Stroop試験のステップ1、4の「達成数」、「正答数」の改善は、日常的な運動習慣がなく物忘れを自覚する中高齢男女に6−MSITC含有食品を摂取させると、認知機能の一部である識別・処理能力(注意機能)が向上する可能性を示唆する。明確な定義はいまだ定まってはいないものの、認知機能は、記憶機能をはじめ、言語、行為、視覚・視空間認知、注意、遂行機能、意思決定、表情・情動反応など、様々な機能を含むものとして知られている(山内俊雄ら,精神・心理機能評価ハンドブック,中山書店,2015)。特に注意は単一の機能ではなく、学習、記憶、遂行機能及び作業記憶の活動を密接に支えていることからも、認知機能評価の中で重要な位置づけにある(篠崎和弘,辻富基美,精神疾患と認知機能,新興医学出版社,2009:55−61)。これまでの研究から、加齢による認知機能の衰えは、注意を要する課題及び情報処理速度を要する課題で起こりやすいことが報告されている(Chodzko−Zajko W J.and Moore K.A.,Physical Fitness and Cognitive Functioning in Aging.,Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews,1994,22(1):195−200、Hawkins H.L.,Kramer A.F. and Capaldi D.,Aging,exercise,and attention. Psychology and Aging,1992,7(4):643−653))。これら過去の研究から考えると、本実験において6−MSITC含有食品について注意機能向上効果が示唆されたのは、重要な知見と言える。
Claims (6)
- 6−メチルスルフィニルヘキシルイソチオシアネートを有効成分として含有し、被験者に対して前記6−メチルスルフィニルヘキシルイソチオシアネートが投与量0.05mg/日〜5mg/日で経口投与されるように用いられることを特徴とする、注意機能及び情報処理機能向上剤。
- 上記6−メチルスルフィニルヘキシルイソチオシアネートがわさびから抽出された抽出物中の成分または合成物である請求項1の注意機能及び情報処理機能向上剤。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の注意機能及び情報処理機能向上剤を含む、注意機能及び情報処理機能向上のために用いる食品または飲料。
- 機能性表示食品又は特定保健用食品である、請求項3に記載の食品。
- ドリンク剤である、請求項3に記載の飲料。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の注意機能及び情報処理機能向上剤を含む、注意機能及び情報処理機能向上のために用いる医薬部外品。
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