JP6648602B2 - Continuous unloader - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a continuous unloader that scrapes and conveys loose objects loaded in a hold using a bucket driven by a chain.

  An unloader called an unloader is known as a device that efficiently unloads and transports bulk materials such as coal and ore loaded in a hold. The type of the unloader varies depending on the use, the type and amount of the transferred object, and the like. For example, an unloader that grasps and transports a large amount of loose objects by using a large grab bucket suspended by a crane or the like is widely known. In addition, for example, a screw transport type continuous unloader that continuously transports loose materials using a vertical screw conveyor, or a plurality of small buckets driven by a chain scrapes and transports loose materials. A bucket type continuous unloader is widely known.

  When unloading bulk items from the hold using the unloader, care must be taken not to damage the bottom of the hold with the unloader. In particular, the ship swings and moves up and down according to the movement of the tide and the waves on the sea, so when unloading, extreme care must be taken to prevent the unloader from touching the bottom of the hold to prevent damage. is there.

  Even in a continuous unloader that scrapes and transports loose objects loaded in a hold with a bucket driven by a chain, if the bottom of the hold that moves up and down collides with the bucket, the bucket deforms or the bottom of the hold Various techniques have been proposed as means for avoiding the possibility of damage.

  In the above-described continuous unloader of a bucket type driven by a chain, Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique for preventing the bottom of a hold that moves up and down under the influence of the sea surface from colliding with the bucket to prevent damage. It has been disclosed. According to the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, the thrust force acting on the bucket is detected using a strain gauge, and when the thrust force exceeds a set value, the unloader scrapes. The collector frame to be a part is quickly moved upward. The technique disclosed in Patent Literature 1 reduces the risk of damage due to collision between a vertically moving ship bottom and a bucket due to the above-described configuration.

  As a method of avoiding collision with the bottom of the hold (hereinafter, also referred to as the ship bottom), when the ship bottom rises rapidly, the boom is moved to raise the entire elevator section to which the scraper is attached. Methods are known. However, it is practically difficult to quickly raise a large component such as the entire elevator section, so that it may not be possible to cope with a sudden rise in the bottom of the ship.

  For this reason, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a mechanism for partially and quickly moving only the collector frame, which is a scraping unit, separately from the mechanism for moving the elevator unit up and down.

JP-A-6-72561

  However, the technique disclosed in Patent Literature 1 discloses a state in which a guide rail portion or a collector elevating cylinder (scrape frame elevating cylinder) for pulling up a collector frame as a scraping portion is completely exposed outside a cover. It has become. If a large amount of dust is generated when scraping loose objects loaded in the hold, dust may adhere to the guide rails and the like over a long period of use, causing a risk of malfunction. There has been a demand for a technique for reducing the amount of odor.

  In addition, when the collector frame, which is the scraper, is pulled upward, the orbit of the chain to which the bucket is attached changes, and the chain may be loosened. In the prior art, generally, the pressure of a tension cylinder provided in a scraping section is controlled to be constant, and the length of the scraping section is extended in accordance with the looseness of the chain, whereby the chain attached to the bucket is mounted. In many cases, the tension is maintained stably.

  However, in the above-described bucket transport type continuous unloader, the optimal value of the tension applied to the chain to which the bucket is attached may change when the length of the scraping portion changes. For example, assuming that a chain is laid with sprockets arranged at both ends of the scraping part, the optimal value of the tension to be added to the chain is not necessarily constant when the distance between the sprockets arranged at both ends is long and short. is not.

  That is, the above-described conventional method of controlling the tension of the chain while keeping the pressure of the tension cylinder constant is excellent in that it has a simple configuration and can stably maintain the tension of the chain during operation. Is the way.

  However, on the other hand, when the distance between the sprockets arranged at both ends of the scraping portion greatly changes, and the length of the chain with the bucket between the sprockets greatly changes, for example, the chain with the bucket supported between the sprockets There is a possibility that the degree of looseness of the chain, that is, the state of the catenary formed by the chain changes due to a change in the weight of the chain. Therefore, depending on the situation, a case was assumed in which the scraping state could not be maintained in an optimal state.

  Also, assuming that the scraping section is pushed up by the bottom moving up and down, not only the case where the scraping section is pushed up vertically from below vertically but also diagonally upward from below, in other words, There are many cases in which the part is tilted and pushed up. In such a case, there is a risk that the device may be damaged due to the inclination of the scraping unit, and a technique capable of reducing this risk has been demanded.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and moves up and down in a bucket-conveying type continuous unloader that scrapes and conveys loose objects loaded in a hold with a bucket driven by a chain. It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique suitable for preventing the bottom of a hold and a bucket from colliding and being damaged.

In order to achieve the above object, a continuous unloader according to the present invention comprises:
(1) A scraping frame and a tension rod that moves back and forth with respect to the scraping frame are provided, and a tension cylinder disposed on the scraping frame moves the tension rod back and forth to form a scraping unit whose length is expanded and contracted. With a continuous unloader that forms and arranges a chain with a bucket attached to the sprockets arranged at both ends of the scraping section, and scrapes and conveys loose objects loaded in the hold with a bucket that moves by driving the chain A support arm for supporting the scraping frame from above is formed by an upper arm and a lower arm, and an extendable hydraulic adjustment cylinder is disposed between the upper arm and the lower arm, thereby increasing the length of the support arm. The relief valve is arranged on the discharge side hydraulic line when the adjustment cylinder is shortened, The relief pressure is set so that the stroke amount of the adjusting cylinder is shortened, and the pressure of the hydraulic line for extending the stroke amount of the tension cylinder is controlled to be a pressure set in advance with respect to the stroke amount of the tension cylinder. .

(2) The continuous unloader according to (1), wherein a lower end of a lower arm is attached to an upper portion of the scraping frame, a lower end of the upper arm is slidably fitted to an upper end of the lower arm, and The upper arm and the side surface of the upper arm are connected by an adjusting cylinder so that the length of the support arm can be extended and contracted.

(3) The continuous unloader according to (1) or (2), wherein a plurality of the adjusting cylinders are arranged at positions equally divided in a circumferential direction with respect to side surfaces of the lower arm and the upper arm. The continuous unloader according to claim 1 or 2.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the continuous unloader by this invention, when scraping and carrying the bulk goods piled in a hold, the hold | maintenance which moves up and down, keeping the state of the chain with a bucket under a scraping part in an optimal state. There is an operational effect that the bottom and the bucket can prevent collision.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a lower configuration of a continuous unloader according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the whole continuous unloader composition concerning an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining operation behavior of a continuous unloader concerning an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the hydraulic circuit of the adjustment cylinder allocated to the continuous unloader concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the hydraulic circuit of the tension cylinder allocated to the continuous unloader concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure explaining the control circuit of the continuous unloader concerning the embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, examples of preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the like.
FIGS. 1 to 6 relate to drawings for explaining an embodiment of the present invention and show preferred examples thereof. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a lower configuration of a continuous unloader, and FIG. It is a figure explaining the whole continuous unloader composition. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the operation behavior of the continuous unloader, FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a hydraulic circuit of the adjusting cylinder, and FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a hydraulic circuit of the tension cylinder. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a control circuit of the continuous unloader.

  FIG. 2 shows the entire configuration of a continuous unloader 1 (hereinafter, sometimes abbreviated as unloader 1) used in the embodiment of the present invention. The unloader 1 is disposed at a traveling vehicle 62 having traveling wheels 63 at a plurality of locations, a support 64 installed on the traveling vehicle 62, a boom 61 pivotally supported by the support 64, and a tip of the boom 61 on the hold side. And a counter weight 65 attached to the opposite side of the boom 61 from the hold.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a boom cylinder 51 is provided between the boom 61 and the support column 64, and the elevator unit 60 is provided by using the counter weight 65 as a counter weight by expanding and contracting the boom cylinder 51. The tip of the boom 61 on the hold side can be moved in the vertical direction.

  Further, in the unloader 1, a swing cylinder 52 is disposed between the boom 61 and the elevator unit 60, and the lower end of the elevator unit 60 swings back and forth with respect to the boom 61 by expanding and contracting the swing cylinder 52. Moving.

  With the above configuration, the unloader 1 can control the elevator unit 60 to be vertical by expanding and contracting the swing cylinder 52 when the boom 61 is tilted by expanding and contracting the boom cylinder 51, for example.

Next, the elevator section 60 and the scraping section 20 will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the elevator section 60, a drive chain 82 formed in an annular shape and driven to rotate is disposed in an elevator section cover 90 extending in the vertical direction.

  The drive chain 82 is driven by a driving device (not shown) provided in the upper cover 92 and rotates from a sprocket to first ends provided on both ends of a scraping unit 20 provided at a lower end of an elevator unit 60 described later. It is configured so as to be bridged between the sprocket 25 and the second sprocket 26 and circulate. A plurality of buckets 80 are regularly arranged on the drive chain 82 at regular intervals, and the plurality of buckets 80 move between the aforementioned sprockets in accordance with the orbital movement of the drive chain 82.

  As will be described in detail later, the bucket 80 circulated by the drive chain 82 moves under the scraping section 20 at the lower end of the elevator section 60 and scrapes and loads loose objects from the hold when passing through. , Move upward in the elevator unit 60 in accordance with the rotation of the drive chain 82. The loose objects conveyed upward by the bucket 80 are conveyed in the direction of the traveling vehicle 62 by a horizontal conveyance device such as a belt conveyor (not shown) disposed in the boom 61, and are transferred to a second conveyance device (not shown) there. Unloaded.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the scraping section 20 includes a scraping frame 22 and a tension rod 24. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the tension cylinder 21 is attached and arranged inside the scraping frame 22, and the rod 21 </ b> A of the tension cylinder 21 is attached to the tension rod 24. Are configured to move back and forth and protrude or retract from the scraping frame 22 so that the length of the scraping unit 20 can be expanded and contracted.

  That is, in the present embodiment, the length of the scraping section 20 expands and contracts by extending and retracting the tension cylinder 21 so that the tension rod 24 moves back and forth with respect to the scraping frame 22. The distance between the first sprocket 25 and the second sprocket 26 arranged at both ends of the first sprocket expands and contracts. Then, the above-described drive chain 82 is stretched and bridged between the first sprocket 25 and the second sprocket 26.

Next, the configuration of the scraping unit 20 and the support arm 3 that supports the scraping unit 20 will be described.
In the present embodiment, the upper arm 5 and the lower arm 6 form the support arm 3, and the upper arm 5 is inserted into the track of the drive chain 82 that orbits by a support member fixed to the elevator unit cover 90 of the elevator unit 60. Are arranged and fixed, and the lower end of the lower arm 6 is attached to the upper portion of the scraping frame 22 to support the scraping section 20.

  In this embodiment, the lower end of the upper arm 5 and the upper end of the lower arm 6 are slidably fitted. That is, in the present embodiment, the support arm 3 is formed by the upper arm 5 and the lower arm 6, and the support arm 3 is configured to be slidably fitted, thereby supporting the scraping unit 20. Configuration.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the first adjustment cylinder 11 and the second adjustment cylinder 12 are arranged on the side surfaces of the upper arm 5 and the upper arm 6. The attachment positions are two positions before and after with respect to the longitudinal direction of the scraping section 20, and are arranged at positions where the side surfaces of the lower arm 6 and the upper arm 5 are equally divided in the circumferential direction (split at 180 degrees). did.

FIG. 4 conceptually shows how to attach the first adjustment cylinder 11 and the second adjustment cylinder 12.
The first adjustment cylinder 11 is mounted on a mounting base 5A provided on the side surface of the upper arm 5, and the rod 11A is mounted on a mounting base 6A provided on the side surface of the lower arm 6.

  Similarly, the second adjustment cylinder 12 is mounted on a mounting base 5A provided on the side surface of the upper arm 5 (the side surface opposite to the side on which the first adjustment cylinder is mounted), and the rod 12A is mounted on the side surface of the lower arm 6. It is mounted on the provided mounting base 6A.

  The support arm 3 can expand and contract the length of the support arm 3 formed by the upper arm 5 and the lower arm 6 by simultaneously expanding and contracting the first adjustment cylinder 11 and the second adjustment cylinder 12 with the above-described configuration. Is possible.

In the present embodiment, two first adjustment cylinders 11 and second adjustment cylinders 12 are arranged at positions equally divided in the circumferential direction with respect to the side surfaces of the lower arm 6 and the upper arm 5.
However, the mounting method of the adjusting cylinder in the present embodiment is not limited to this, and may be one, or three or four. It is preferable to arrange | position to. For example, in the case of three, it is preferable to divide in the circumferential direction at 120 degrees, and in the case of four, it is preferable to divide in the circumferential direction at 90 degrees.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the tilt cylinder 8 is disposed between the upper portion of the scraping frame 22 and the vicinity of the upper end of the lower arm 6. The tilting of the scraping frame 22 from the horizontal direction can be performed.

Next, the outline of the hydraulic circuit used in the present embodiment will be briefly described.
FIG. 4 shows an outline of a hydraulic circuit diagram used for the first adjustment cylinder 11 and the second adjustment cylinder 12. The head-side line (cap-side line) L1 of the first adjusting cylinder 11 is connected to the relief valve 117 and the hydraulic pump 115, and the rod 11A of the first adjusting cylinder 11 can be maintained or pressed at a desired pressure. it can.

Similarly, the head-side line (cap-side line) L2 of the second adjustment cylinder 12 is connected to the relief valve 127 and the hydraulic pump 125, and the rod 12A of the second adjustment cylinder 12 is maintained or pressed at a desired pressure. can do.
In the present embodiment, a stroke sensor (not shown) is arranged on the first adjustment cylinder 11 and the second adjustment cylinder 12, and the stroke amount (projection amount of the rod) of the first adjustment cylinder 11 and the second adjustment cylinder 12 is determined. Each can be detected.

Next, an outline of a hydraulic circuit diagram used for the tension cylinder 21 is shown in FIG.
The head-side line (cap-side line) L5 of the tension cylinder 21 is connected to the relief valve 217 and the hydraulic pump 215, so that the rod 21A of the tension cylinder 21 can be maintained or pressed at a desired pressure. In the present embodiment, the stroke sensor S1 is arranged on the tension cylinder 21 to detect the stroke amount (rod projection amount) of the tension cylinder 21.

  The relief valves 117, 127, and 217 used in the present embodiment are electromagnetic relief valves capable of arbitrarily changing a relief pressure by an external signal.

Next, FIG. 6 shows an outline of the control circuit used in the present embodiment.
Although a specific control method will be described later, the control device 300 receives a signal from the stroke sensor S1 provided in the tension cylinder 21 and sends a signal to the hydraulic unit 303 to control the operation of the tension cylinder 21. The operation of the first adjustment cylinder 11 and the second adjustment cylinder 12 is controlled.

Hereinafter, a control method of the unloader 1 according to the present embodiment will be described.
The traveling trolley 62 of the unloader 1 travels and is disposed on the side of the boat 101 moored at the wharf. After disposing the unloader 1 on the side surface of the boat 101, the boom cylinder 51, the swing cylinder 52, and the like are expanded and contracted, and the boom 61 and the elevator section 60 are operated, so that the scraper 20 is placed in the hold of the boat 101. Move and place.

  After arranging the scraping unit 20 in the hold of the boat 101, the drive chain 82 is driven to rotate around by a driving device (not shown), and the boom cylinder 51 and the swing cylinder 52 are expanded and contracted to lower the position of the scraping unit 20. , Gradually approach the roses stacked in the hold from above.

The position of the scraping unit 20 is gradually lowered, and the bucket 80 below the scraping unit 20 is brought into contact with the loose objects from above the loose objects. In this embodiment, a predetermined pressure is set to the relief valves 117 and 127 connected to the first adjustment cylinder 11 and the second adjustment cylinder 12 to scrape loose objects loaded in the hold, and 80 and transported.
The pressure of the above-described relief valves 117 and 127 is a pressure at which the scraping unit 20 can rise and escape so as not to be damaged when the scraping unit 20 is pushed up by the bottom of the vertically moving hold. .

Note that the pressure at this time varies depending on the size of the unloader 1, the transport amount, the type of loose objects, and the like. If the set value of the pressure is too small, it is not possible to efficiently scrape loose objects loaded in the hold by the bucket 80. On the other hand, if the set value of the pressure is too large, there is a possibility that when the bucket 80 is strongly pushed from below, the bucket 80 cannot rise and escape and may be damaged.
Accordingly, the bucket 80 is capable of efficiently scraping loose objects loaded in the hold, and a pressure that is not damaged by the bucket 80 of the scraper 20 being strongly pushed from below is set in advance and set as the predetermined pressure. Is done.

  The loose items loaded in the bucket 80 are transported upward in the elevator unit 60 in accordance with the rotation of the drive chain 82. The loose objects conveyed upward by the bucket 80 are conveyed in the direction of the traveling vehicle 62 by a horizontal conveying device such as a belt conveyor (not shown) disposed in the boom 61 and transferred to a second conveying device (not shown) there. And is unloaded at the wharf.

  As described above, the ship 101 may move up and down in the sea in accordance with the movement of the tide and the movement of the waves. That is, even if the scraping unit 20 is arranged at an appropriate position and scraps are efficiently scraped and conveyed and unloaded, if the position of the bottom of the ship changes, the scraping unit 20 may be damaged. There is.

FIG. 3 shows the operation behavior of the scraping unit 20 and the support arm 3. FIG. 3A shows the behavior before receiving a force from below, and FIG. 3B shows the behavior when receiving a force from below.
In the present embodiment, when the ship bottom rises and the scraping unit 20 is pushed up from below, the pressure values of the hydraulic lines L1 and L2 of the first adjustment cylinder 11 and the second adjustment cylinder 12 increase, and the relief valve 117 , 127, the scraping section 20 rises due to the escape of the hydraulic pressure, and as a result, the risk of damaging the scraping section 20 can be reduced.

  Here, when the scraping unit 20 rises, the orbit of the drive chain 82 to which the bucket 80 is attached changes, and the tension applied to the drive chain 82 decreases. As a result, the tension cylinder 21 of the scraping section 20 extends, and the length of the scraping section 20 increases.

As described above, when the length of the scraping section 20 changes, the weight of the drive chain 82 below the scraping section 20 changes, and the optimum tension value changes.
In the present embodiment, the optimum value of the tension cylinder 21 for the length of the scraping unit 20 is input to the control device 300 in advance. Then, by detecting the length of the stroke of the tension cylinder 21 with the stroke sensor S1 and detecting the length of the scraping section 20, the hydraulic pressure of the tension cylinder 21 is adjusted so that the tension value becomes optimal for the length. The pressure of the relief valve 217 disposed on the line L5 is controlled.

  At this time, when the scraping section 20 is inclined by the tilt cylinder 8, the optimum value of the pressure of the tension cylinder 21 with respect to the length of the scraping section 20 under the condition that the scraping section 20 is inclined is controlled. This can be dealt with by inputting the information to the apparatus 300 in advance.

When the position of the boat 101 is lowered and the bottom of the boat is lowered, the scraping unit 20 is lowered, and as a result, the scraping unit 20 operates in a direction in which the length is shortened.
Even in that case, the stroke amount of the tension cylinder 21 is detected by the stroke sensor S1 to detect the length of the scraping section 20, and the tension of the tension cylinder 21 is adjusted so that the tension value becomes optimal for the length. The pressure of the relief valve 217 disposed on the hydraulic line L5 is controlled.

  According to the present embodiment, in the unloader 1 that scrapes and conveys loose objects loaded in the hold by the bucket 80 driven by the drive chain 82, when the collision between the bottom of the vertically moving hold and the bucket 80 is prevented, There is an excellent operational effect that the state of the chain with the bucket under the scraping section 20 can be maintained in an optimum state.

  In the present embodiment, the first adjustment cylinder 11 and the second adjustment cylinder 12 for adjusting the length of the support arm 3 are both in a state in which the side surface is surrounded by the cover above the scraping unit 20. I have. Therefore, the risk of dust adhering when scraping loose objects loaded in the hold can be reduced as compared with the prior art.

In the present embodiment, the first and second adjustment cylinders 11 and 12 are arranged at two positions with respect to the side surfaces of the lower arm 6 and the upper arm 5, and the position thereof is determined by the length of the scraper 20. It was arranged at two positions before and after the direction to divide equally in the circumferential direction.
For example, even if a force having a different magnitude is applied from below on the first sprocket 25 side and the second sprocket 26 side of the scraping section 20, as a result, a force in a direction of tilting the scraping section 20 back and forth is generated, this arrangement is not applied. If so, the stroke amounts of the first and second adjusting cylinders 11 and 12 are detected and taken into the control device, and the relief valve 117 is adjusted so that the stroke amounts of the first and second adjusting cylinders 11 and 12 become the same. And 127, it is possible to cope so that the scraping unit 20 does not tilt.

  Similarly, for example, if four adjustment cylinders are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction with the phases shifted by 90 degrees with respect to the side surfaces of the lower arm 6 and the upper arm 5, the scraping can be performed. Even if a force in the direction of tilting the part 20 forward, backward, left, and right is generated, it is possible to cope with preventing the scraping part 20 from tilting.

  This is a technology that can be used effectively in a continuous unloader that scrapes and transports loose objects loaded in a hold by a bucket.

Reference Signs List 1 continuous unloader 3 support arm 5 upper arm 6 lower arm 11 first adjusting cylinder 12 second adjusting cylinder 20 scraping unit 21 tension cylinder 22 scraping frame 24 tension rod 25 first sprocket 26 second sprocket 51 boom cylinder 52 swing Cylinder 60 Elevator part 61 Boom 62 Traveling trolley 63 Traveling wheel 64 Post 65 Counter weight 80 Bucket 82 Drive chain 90 Elevator cover 92 Upper cover 300 Control device 303 Hydraulic unit 21A Tension cylinder rod S1 Stroke sensor

Claims (3)

With a scraping frame and a tension rod that moves back and forth with respect to the scraping frame, a tension cylinder arranged on the scraping frame moves the tension rod back and forth to form a scraping portion whose length expands and contracts. ,
A continuous unloader for arranging a chain with a bucket attached to sprockets arranged at both ends of a scraping unit and scraping and transporting loose objects loaded in a hold by a bucket moving by driving the chain,
The support arm that supports the scraping frame from above is formed by an upper arm and a lower arm, and an extendable hydraulic adjustment cylinder is arranged between the upper arm and the lower arm to extend or reduce the length of the support arm. Freely formed,
A relief valve is arranged on the discharge side hydraulic line when the adjustment cylinder is shortened, and the relief pressure is set so that the stroke amount of the adjustment cylinder is reduced at a predetermined pressure or more,
In addition, a continuous unloader that controls the pressure of a hydraulic line for extending the stroke amount of the tension cylinder to be a pressure set in advance with respect to the stroke amount of the tension cylinder. Attach the lower end of the lower arm to the upper part of the scraping frame, slidably fit the lower end of the upper arm to the upper end of the lower arm,
The continuous unloader according to claim 1, wherein the lower arm and the upper arm are connected to each other with an adjusting cylinder so that the length of the support arm can be extended and contracted.   3. The continuous unloader according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the adjusting cylinders are arranged at positions equally divided in a circumferential direction with respect to side surfaces of the lower arm and the upper arm. 4.

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