JP6627142B1 - Automobile waste recycling method and its recycling facility - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To separate chlorine from ASR by separating accessories such as seats (seats) and doors from a vehicle body before crushing end-of-life vehicles and separately processing the vehicle body and accessories such as seats and doors. By reducing ASR into plastics and metals with a high degree of accuracy by reducing mixing and inclusion in waste materials, the utility value as a resource is enhanced. A dismantling step (S1) for collecting useful parts that can be reused as used parts from end-of-life vehicles and collecting non-reusable harmful substances, dangerous goods and unnecessary goods, a half-pressing step for pressing a sheet in a detachable state, An accessory separation step S41 for removing accessories, a car body crushing / sorting step S4 for collecting metal, an accessory selection step S42 for sorting mats having a low metal content, an accessory coarse crushing step S43, This is a method for recovering mainly metals from the vehicle body which is composed of a product metal separation step S44 and an accessory crushing step S46, and is finally separated in the vehicle body crushing / sorting step S4. [Selection diagram] FIG.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technology for recycling automobile waste, and in particular, controls the content of chlorine in ASR (Automobile Shredder Residue), which is automobile shredder residue (shredder dust), and sorts the ASR with high accuracy. The present invention relates to a method and a facility for recycling automobile waste for recovering plastics and metals.

  There is great interest in resource recycling. Since the enactment of the Basic Environmental Law, the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law, the Home Appliance Recycling Law, the Basic Law for Promoting the Creation of a Recycling Society, the Food Recycling Law, and the Automobile Recycling Law have been enacted to promote the recycling of resources. This is because it has become difficult to secure a final disposal site for a huge amount of waste, and illegal dumping of waste has increased.

In automobile waste, metals such as iron, aluminum, and copper are used, and useful parts such as batteries, catalysts, and engines are often used as used parts. When dismantling an automobile and recycling waste, first remove harmful and dangerous substances, crush the vehicle body, etc., and collect iron scrap. Next, valuable resources are collected from the scrap automobile dust containing the remaining plastics, conductive wires, and non-ferrous metals. For example, as shown in a work flow diagram of FIG. 13, a tire, a battery, an engine, a bumper, and other parts are collected as a dismantling process. Take out what can be used as used parts and what can be separated. Collect Freon gas as harmful substance and airbag as dangerous substance. Collect unusable engines and tires, such as oil, as unusable items.
Conventionally, since a seat (seat) cannot be used as a used part, it has been crushed integrally with a vehicle body. When the bumper could not be used as a used part, it was still attached to the vehicle body.

Next, in a crushing step, metals such as a chassis and a frame are crushed together with glass and a sheet (seat). After this crushing step, there is a sorting step (sorting operation). This sorting process consists of magnetic force sorting, where magnets are used to adsorb and sort iron, eddy current sorting, which sorts aluminum and stainless steel, wind sorting, which sorts plastics that are lighter than metals, by wind. There is a manual sorting that sorts by.
Automobile shredder residue (shredder dust), which is the residue obtained by sorting metals after crushing, is ASR (Automobile Shredder Residue).

  The rate at which cars can be sold for value is about 80% by weight. The remaining about 20% is ASR. Since ASR contains various materials such as plastic and glass, it is difficult to separate the materials. Most ASRs were often landfilled. Due to the difficulty in recycling this ASR, the vehicle recycling rate remained at about 80% until the Automobile Recycling Law was enforced. Under the Automobile Recycling Law, which does not specify the uses and priorities of recycling, although many greenhouse gases are generated, waste is simply incinerated and the thermal energy generated during this incineration is recovered and used. "Recycling (energy recovery)" is recognized, and since it has spread due to the high processing efficiency of ASR, it has now increased to about 98% (FY2016).

  On the other hand, recent automobiles have been digitized, and wire harnesses, electronic boards, motors, and the like have been attached to various places. The wiring harness is installed in every corner of the vehicle and serves to supply power and signals. Wiring harnesses are important as components that contribute to the electronics and space saving of automotive components and achieve higher functionality. On the other hand, since the wire harness is stretched around every corner of the car, if it is crushed with a frictional resin such as urethane resin such as a sheet, it will be mixed and mixed with the crushed wire harness. , It became difficult to recover the wire harness.

  For example, the electric sliding mechanism of the seat includes a driving motor and a wire harness. As shown in the flow chart of FIG. 14, copper wires are used for these motors and wire harnesses, and vinyl chloride is often used for the skin of the wire. In the crushing step, the vinyl chloride becomes entangled with a resin having frictional properties (eg, urethane resin), and chlorine is easily mixed. The recovered metal contains a large amount of chlorine and copper. The recovered ASR also contains a large amount of chlorine and copper. Further, the recovered ASR also contains a urethane resin. In addition, most of the ASR containing chlorine and copper is incinerated, and chlorine is corrosive in and around the furnace, which is not environmentally preferable.

  Thus, various techniques for removing chlorine-containing substances such as vinyl chloride from waste have been proposed. For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-178846, “Method and Apparatus for Sorting Crushed Industrial Waste” of Patent Document 1, crushed industrial waste after removing metals and glasses is sorted by specific gravity to be valuable. In the method of sorting the crushed industrial waste to collect, by wind separation without crushing the crushed industrial waste in the previous stage of the specific gravity separation step, a wind separation step to separate light and heavy objects, By separating the heavy material and the light-weight material separated in the wind-screening process separately from each other by immersing them in a separation liquid and performing a specific-gravity separation, a specific-gravity separation process of selectively removing chlorine-containing materials from the light-weight or the heavy material, A method for sorting crushed industrial waste has been proposed.

  Further, there has been proposed a technique of separating into valuable materials such as light-weight plastics, heavy-weight plastics, conductive wires, and other types of metals. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-58032 of JP-A-2004-58032 discloses a method of recovering valuable resources from waste vehicle shredder dust. Separation, collection and recycling by wet-type specific gravity sorter, light-weight plastic and heavy-weight plastic from shredder dust of end-of-life vehicles by wet-type specific separator to produce recycle A device provided with a pulsating bubbling tank for intermittently discharging air and air bubbles and a sedimentation tank has been proposed as a suspended matter separation tank for separating substances lighter and heavier than water in shredder dust of an automobile.

  Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-19713 of JP-A-2003-19713 discloses a method of treating metal-composite plastic waste, which comprises heating a metal-composite plastic waste to a temperature in the range of 200 ° C to 280 ° C. There has been proposed a method for treating metal composite plastic waste, comprising a separation step of separating a plastic component and an inorganic material component by an organic heat medium having a boiling point and a softening point in the range of 90 ° C to 140 ° C.

JP 2008-178846 A JP-A-2004-58032 JP 2003-19713 A

  However, when crushing an end-of-life vehicle together with a conventional seat (seat), vinyl chloride or wire separated from a wire covering such as a wire harness is converted into a soft plastic such as urethane resin constituting the crushed seat (seat). Easy to stab and entangle. The soft plastic (eg, urethane resin) has been incinerated with vinyl chloride of the covered wire entangled. The vinyl chloride crushed together with the crushed urethane resin has a problem that it has an adverse effect on the incinerator. Most of the collection of wire harnesses at the current stage of dismantling automobiles is limited to collection around engine computers. Another factor is that the wire harness connected to the seat is not collected.

  Further, in the conventional methods for treating end-of-life vehicles, the sorting of metals and plastics is often incomplete. Such incompletely selected metals or plastics have low value as resources. In particular, those containing metal pieces (powder) such as wire harnesses in plastics also have low value as resources. Also, mixtures of different plastics have low value as resources.

As shown in Table 2, the crushed and crushed materials obtained by the conventional sorting and separation methods were sorted and processed. The iron recovered from the body (body) of a scrapped vehicle does not include chlorine. The magnetically separated iron is processed in an electric furnace. The non-ferrous metal component that has been subjected to eddy current screening contains chlorine. This non-ferrous metal is subjected to a non-ferrous refining process. Chlorine is contained in the resin fraction that has been subjected to wind separation. This resin component is incinerated. Similarly, wind-screened wire harnesses contain chlorine. The wire harness is non-ferrous smelting.
On the other hand, the iron recovered from the magnetically separated sheet does not include chlorine. This iron is electric furnace treated.

  The screened ASR glass contains chlorine. This glass is incinerated. Chlorine is contained in the PVC-based resin of ASR that has been subjected to wind-screening. This PVC resin is incinerated.

  The sheet skin in the wind-selected ASR contains chlorine. This sheet skin is incinerated. The urethane resin in the wind-screened ASR contains chlorine. This urethane resin is incinerated.

  In the conventional method of removing the wire harness of the seat, the wire harness of the seat belt catch portion is cut, and then the wire harness is cut off at a portion as close to the parts as possible, at the surface of the seat, and removed from the seat. . Therefore, there is a problem that a part of the wire harness tends to remain in the seat.

  Patent Literature 1 “Method and apparatus for sorting crushed industrial waste” is a method of sorting by wind power, so that the crushed or crushed plastics may have different wind resistance in a thin state than in a lump state, There was a problem that plastics based on the difference in specific gravity could not be accurately sorted and separated. That is, the wire harness (containing chlorine) entangled with the plastics could not be separated.

  Patent Literature 2 discloses a method for recovering valuable resources from waste vehicle shredder dust. The floating material separation tank uses a pulsating bubbling tank and a sedimentation tank that intermittently discharge air and air bubbles, thereby removing water from the shredder dust of the waste vehicle. It is a method of separating light and heavy substances. However, the recovery method of Patent Document 2 has a problem that the processing speed is slow due to natural sedimentation. Further, in the recovery method of Patent Document 2, only air and air bubbles are used, and plastics having different specific gravities cannot be finely separated and sorted. That is, the wire harness (containing chlorine) entangled with the plastics could not be separated.

  In addition, the “method of treating metal composite plastic waste” in Patent Document 3 discloses that a metal composite plastic waste is heated to a temperature in the range of 200 ° C. to 280 ° C., and has a boiling point of 300 ° C. or more and 90 ° C. to 140 ° C. This is a method of separating a plastic component and an inorganic material component by an organic heat medium having a softening point within the range described above. However, the processing method disclosed in Patent Document 3 has a problem in that plastics are melted and removed from metals by heating, so that subsequent plastics cannot be finely separated and sorted. In addition, since a heating step is required, there is a problem that the disposal cost of the waste disposal increases.

  The inventor of the present invention has a slightly higher working cost than a conventional method of pressing and crushing an end-of-life vehicle without removing the sheet, but separates the sheet from the vehicle body before crushing the end-of-life vehicle, and removes only the body. The method of crushing separately, such as crushing and crushing of sheets only, focused on the fact that metals and plastics can be sorted with high accuracy and can be recovered as high-value resources. Furthermore, it was noted that the method of performing such a crushing treatment can reduce the contamination and content of chlorine.

  The inventor of the present invention has paid attention to removing a sheet from a scrap car which has not been conventionally implemented in order to easily remove a wire harness entangled in a sheet made of a soft plastic (made of a urethane resin or the like) efficiently. . In addition, we focused on the fact that some of the wire harnesses that could not be removed can be sorted with high precision after crushing.

  Furthermore, the inventor of the present invention sorts and separates waste with high precision in this manner, rather than simply performing incineration of waste and recovering and utilizing thermal energy generated during the incineration. We focused on the fact that "material recycling" and "chemical recycling", which are recycled as various raw materials, can improve the quality of recycling.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem. That is, an object of the present invention is to separate accessories such as seats (seats) and doors from a vehicle body before crushing a waste vehicle, and separately process the vehicle body and accessories such as seats and doors, thereby achieving an ASR. Recycling of automobile waste that can increase the use value as a resource by reducing the incorporation and inclusion of chlorine from waste into processed materials and sorting ASR into plastics and metals with high precision It is an object of the present invention to provide a recycling method and a recycling facility thereof.

The recycling method of the present invention separates metals such as iron, aluminum and copper and plastics such as sheets and bumpers from end-of-life vehicles and recycles them to recycle automobile waste. hand,
A dismantling process (S1) that collects useful parts such as batteries, engines, catalysts, and tires that can be reused as used parts from end-of-life vehicles, and collects harmful substances such as CFCs, airbags, and oil that cannot be reused, as well as dangerous and unnecessary items. )When,
A half-pressing step of pressing the scrap car treated in the dismantling step (S1) in a state where a sheet can be removed from the scrap car in order to reduce the volume thereof;
An accessory separating step (S41) of removing accessories such as doors, dashboards, sheets, mats, and ceiling fabrics from the scrapped automobile after the half-pressing process;
A car body crushing and sorting step (S4) for collecting metal from the car body from which the accessories have been removed in the accessory separating step (S41);
An accessory selection step (S42) of sorting the accessories removed from the vehicle body in the accessory separation step (S41) into doors and the like having a high metal content ratio and mats and the like having a low metal content ratio.
An accessory coarse crushing step (S43) for roughly crushing accessories such as doors having a high metal content ratio selected in the accessory sorting step (S42);
An accessory metal separation step (S44) of separating the door and the like roughly crushed in the accessory coarse crushing step (S43) into metal and hard resin;
An accessory crushing step (S46) for crushing to sort ASR from dashboards, sheets, mats, and ceiling fabrics having a low metal content and a high plastic content in the accessory sorting step (S42). ) And
Finally, metal is mainly recovered from the car body separated and processed in the car body crushing and sorting step (S4),
Plastics and ASR are mainly collected from the accessories separated in the accessory crushing step (S46).

The recycling facility of the present invention collects useful parts that can be reused as used parts from end-of-life vehicles, removes harmful substances, dangerous substances and unnecessary items that cannot be reused, and removes the wire harness of end-of-life vehicles that have been dismantled. A vehicle body and a vehicle waste recycling facility for recycling a sheet removed from the waste vehicle,
For the dismantled waste vehicle, a device for a semi-pressing process that presses in a state where a sheet can be removed from the waste vehicle in order to reduce the volume thereof,
A coarse crusher (1) for coarsely crushing the body of a waste car from which a sheet has been removed,
A fine crusher (2) for finely crushing the coarsely crushed material of the vehicle body crushed by the coarse crusher (1);
A magnetic separator (3) for magnetically separating iron crushed materials and non-ferrous metal crushed materials such as aluminum and copper with respect to the fine crushed materials of the vehicle body crushed by the fine crusher (2);
A sheet crusher (11) for crushing the sheet from which the wire harness has been removed,
And a cyclone dust collector (4) for recovering mainly plastic ASR (automobile crushed residue) sorted by the magnetic separator (3).

For the ASR sorted and recovered by the cyclone dust collector (4), which does not contain urethane resin, a metal having a specific gravity difference between a light plastic crushed material having a low specific gravity, a heavy plastic crushed material having a specific gravity settling on the water bottom, and metals. A plurality of paddles (22) mounted on the upper surface of the box-shaped sorting tank (21) for separation at
It is preferable to further include a flow-through specific gravity sorter (24) having a discharger (23) attached to the bottom of the box-type sorter tank (21) for discharging settled heavy plastic crushed matter.

Regarding the ASR sorted and recovered by the cyclone dust collector (4), which does not contain urethane resin, the light plastic crushed material having a low specific gravity, the heavy plastic crushed material having a heavy specific gravity which settles to the bottom of the water, and metals are separated into water. A propeller (32) for stirring water in the cylindrical water tank (31) to separate the vortex from a specific gravity difference;
A funnel-shaped outlet (33) formed at the bottom of the cylindrical water tank (31) for discharging the settled metal crushed material;
It is preferable to further include a vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (35) having a discharge device (34) attached to the peripheral edge of the opening of the cylindrical water tank (31) to take out the separated light / heavy plastic crushed material.

In the recycling method of the present invention, the sheet is removed from the vehicle body before the end-of-life vehicle is crushed, and the vehicle body and the sheet are separately crushed, whereby the mixing or mixing of chlorine in the ASR can be reduced. .
Compared with the conventional ASR, the ASR treated by the recycling method of the present invention is finely sorted into plastics and metals, and thus has a high utility value as a resource.
This recycling method makes it easy to sort by treating the sponge system precisely when disposing of end-of-life vehicles, eliminates the involvement of wire harnesses, etc., and provides high-quality recycling as the final destination of resource recycling. It can be sorted as a resource material. For example, in a seat, a dashboard, and a door, a sponge system and a wire harness containing copper and chlorine can be separated and efficiently crushed.

  Since the semi-press step of pressing the sheet in a state where the sheet can be removed from the waste vehicle to reduce the volume of the waste vehicle is included after the disassembly step (S1), the waste vehicle can be easily transported.

  The ASR selected in the box-type water tank specific gravity sorting step (S21) using the box-type sorting water tank (21) and the vortex-type specific gravity sorting step (S31) using the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (35) are classified into plastics and metals. Since it is finely sorted, its value as a resource is further increased. In particular, since urethane resin is not contained, sorting using water becomes possible.

  In the recycling method starting from the accessory separation step (S41) for removing accessories such as doors, dashboards, sheets, mats, and ceiling fabrics from end-of-life vehicles, chlorine is removed by removing chlorine-containing mats and the like. Since the separability from the wire harness is enhanced, the chlorine concentration can be reduced. In addition, the door can be removed from the end-of-life vehicle to facilitate entry into and exit from the end of the vehicle, thereby improving the collection efficiency of used parts.

  In the recycling facility of the present invention, each crusher (1, 2), magnetic separator (3), cyclone dust collector (4), metal recovery equipment (9) and ASR recovery equipment (10) are located in the same place. Work efficiency does not decrease regardless of the arrangement state or the arrangement state in another place.

It is a work flow figure showing basic mode 1 of the automobile waste recycling method of the present invention. It is a work flow figure showing basic mode 2 of the recycling method of automobile waste of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a work flow diagram showing a method of recycling automobile waste according to the first embodiment, having a sheet separating step after a disassembling step. It is a detailed work flow figure showing a crushing and sorting process. FIG. 9 is a work flow diagram illustrating a method of recycling automobile waste according to a second embodiment, including a sheet separation step before a disassembly step. It is a work flow figure showing the basic form 3 of the recycling method of the automobile waste of Example 3 of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a work flow chart showing a detailed processing work of a method for recycling automobile waste according to a third embodiment. FIG. 13 is a schematic explanatory view showing a recycling facility for implementing the method for recycling automobile waste according to a fourth embodiment. It is a work flow figure which shows the sorting process using the flowing water type separation water tank of the hard plastics of the modification 1. It is the schematic explanatory drawing which notched partially and showed the flowing water type separation water tank used in the modification 1. It is a work flow figure which shows the sorting process using the vortex type separation water tank of the hard plastics of the modification 2. It is the schematic explanatory drawing which notched partially showing the vortex-type separation water tank used in the modification 2. It is a work flow figure showing the conventional automobile waste recycling method. It is a work flow figure which shows the state of the chlorine content and the copper content in the processed material by the crushing and sorting of the conventional end-of-life vehicles.

  The method for recycling automobile waste according to the present invention is a treatment method for separating metals such as iron, aluminum and copper and plastics such as sheets and bumpers from waste automobiles and recycling them.

<Basic form 1 of recycling method of automobile waste>
FIG. 1 is a work flow chart showing a basic mode 1 of a method for recycling automobile waste according to the present invention.
In the method for recycling automobile waste according to the first aspect of the present invention, a useful part that can be reused as a used part is collected from automobile waste, and a harmful substance, a dangerous substance, and an unnecessary article that cannot be reused are collected. This is a processing method in which a used vehicle is recovered by crushing a body of a waste car and crushing a sheet, and metals such as iron, aluminum, and copper and plastics such as a sheet and a bumper are each recycled.
In the method for recycling automobile waste according to the first aspect of the present invention, a wire harness removing / sorting step of removing a wire harness around a sheet after a disassembly step of collecting useful parts, harmful substances, dangerous substances and unnecessary articles is provided. And a sheet separating step of removing the sheet itself from the waste vehicle. Thereafter, a crushing / sorting step of crushing the vehicle body and crushing the sheet is provided. Finally, the ASR is collected.

<Basic mode 2 of recycling method for automobile waste>
FIG. 2 is a work flow chart showing a basic mode 2 of the method for recycling automobile waste according to the present invention.
The method for recycling automobile waste according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a sheet separation step of removing a sheet itself from a waste vehicle, a disassembly step of collecting useful parts, harmful substances, dangerous substances and unnecessary articles, and a sheet. It has a wire harness removal / selection step of removing the surrounding wire harness, followed by a crushing / selection step of crushing the vehicle body and crushing the sheet. Finally, the ASR is collected.
Note that these steps are not limited to being performed in the same factory. Each process can be performed in a different factory (company). These steps are not limited to being performed on the same day.

<Dismantling process of automobile waste recycling method>
FIG. 3 is a work flow diagram showing a method of recycling automobile waste according to the first embodiment, having a sheet separating step after the disassembling step. FIG. 4 is a detailed work flowchart showing the crushing / sorting process.
The method for recycling automobile waste according to the first embodiment is a method in which a sheet is taken out of the vehicle body of the automobile waste and processed. In the method for recycling automobile waste according to the first embodiment, tires, batteries, engines, catalysts, bumpers, and other components are collected in the disassembly step S1. Take out what can be used as used parts and what can be separated. When recovering tires, the condition of the tires varies widely depending on environmental conditions and usage methods, so measure the degree of wear and rubber performance and classify them into prototype use, processing use, heat use, etc. I do.

  When the battery is collected, the battery contains a lead plate made of lead, an electrolytic solution (sulfuric acid), and the like, and if the treatment method is incorrect, the environment may be adversely affected. May be treated as dangerous goods. As for other parts, the removed parts are individually checked, their functionality and safety are confirmed, and valuable resources are carefully selected and collected. Only parts that have passed quality inspection are reused as used parts.

Collect Freon gas and airbags as harmful and dangerous substances. Freon gas, which is a major cause of depletion of the ozone layer, is collected using a collector in vehicles equipped with car air conditioners in order to dismantle the gas in consideration of the global environment. All airbags perform "removal and recovery" or "on-board operation processing". Collect the removed inflator (gas generator).
The oil is collected as waste. Even engines and tires that cannot be reused are collected as disused items.
Note that the order of each operation in the disassembly step S1 is not limited to the illustrated sequence of the collection of useful goods, the collection of dangerous goods, and the collection of non-useful goods. Needless to say, the order can be appropriately changed according to the type of the scrapped vehicle, the processing plant, and the work situation.

  Subsequent to the disassembly step S1, a semi-press step of pressing the waste vehicle treated in the disassembly step S1 in a state where a sheet can be detached from the waste vehicle in order to reduce the volume can be included. This is a process for facilitating the transportation of the waste vehicle.

<Wire harness removal process>
It has a wire harness removal / selection step S2 for removing the wire harness. Many seats (seats) have a mechanical portion of an automatic slide mechanism. The automatic slide mechanism includes a driving motor and a wire harness. By removing the motor of this sheet, it is possible to separate the wire harness from the covered wire.
For example, the wire harness collected in this way is refined as a material resource and recycled.

<Sheet separation process>
Subsequent to the disassembly step S1, a sheet separation step S3 for removing the seat and the wire harness from the end-of-life vehicle is provided. In the sheet separation step S3, in the conventional automobile waste processing step, processing such as press working is performed together with the vehicle body and the sheet, but in the present invention, the sheet separation step S3 has an important significance.
Note that there is no particular problem whether the order of the wire harness removing / sorting step S2 and the sheet separating step S3 is earlier.

  Also in this sheet separation step S3, the object to be removed from the scrap car is not limited to the sheet and the wire harness, and it is necessary to consider the cost aspect, but there is a possibility that the fiber such as the ceiling cloth or mat of the scrap car may be involved. Is also preferably removed. By removing the chlorine-containing mat or the like, the separability from the wire harness, which causes chlorine, is increased, so that the chlorine concentration can be reduced. In addition, by separating the seats to secure a space in the vehicle, the collection efficiency of used parts can be improved. Material-capable resins for bumpers and interior materials can be reused as materials.

<Specific work of sheet separation process>
The sheet separation step S3 is specifically performed according to the following procedure. This procedure is checked in advance, the driver's seat (front), the passenger seat (front), the bolt-fixed rear seat (rear) such as a folding mechanism and a slide mechanism, and the bench-type cushioning material such as sedan (rear) It will be described in order. Here, examples of the electrical components include a power seat, a seat heater, and a seating sensor (belt, airbag).
[Prior confirmation]
Used parts for reuse (particularly doors and panels) are collected in advance so as not to be damaged when the sheet is removed in order to protect the quality of the used parts. In order to remove electrical components (such as cutting the harness), insulate the battery so that it is not energized to prevent electric shock. However, in the case of the power seat specification, power is supplied when sliding to remove the mounting brackets of the seat legs and rails, and insulation is performed again after work. Basically, the seat is taken out of the car from the front seat. Since it is difficult to take out from the backseat in the two- and three-door specifications, the basics are to be performed uniformly from the front.

A About the driver's seat (front)
1. Fix the steering at the highest position. This is to secure a work space for removal and to make it easy to take the seat out of the vehicle.
2. Manually remove the headrest from the seat. This is because the seat can be easily taken out of the vehicle.
3. Remove the resin cover of the mounting bracket for the seat leg and rail with a tool. This is recovered as a material resin.
4. Loosen the bolts on the mounting brackets of the seat legs and rails with a tool, remove them, and tilt the seat manually. This is to check the mounting status of the electrical components on the seat.
5. Visually check the status of the electrical components mounted on the seat, such as under the seat. This is because the situation is surely grasped as well as the vehicle information in the data.
6. The harness of the electrical components mounted on the seat is cut with a tool or the coupler is removed, and the seat is separated from the vehicle body.
7. Pull the seat out of the car while manually rotating the seat.

B About the passenger seat (front)
1. Manually remove the headrest from the seat.
2. Remove the resin cover of the mounting bracket for the seat leg and rail with a tool. This is recovered as a material resin.
3. Loosen the bolts on the mounting brackets of the seat legs and rails with a tool, remove them, and tilt the seat manually. This is to check the mounting status of the electrical components on the seat.
4. Visually check the status of the electrical components mounted on the seat, such as under the seat. This is because the situation is surely grasped as well as the vehicle information in the data.
5. The harness of the electrical components mounted on the seat is cut with a tool or the coupler is removed, and the seat is separated from the vehicle body.
6. Pull the seat out of the car while manually rotating the seat.

C Bolt-fixed rear seats (rear) such as folding and sliding mechanisms
1. Manually remove the headrest from the seat.
2. Remove the resin cover of the mounting bracket for the seat leg and rail with a tool. This is recovered as a material resin.
3. Loosen and remove the bolts of the mounting brackets on the seat legs and rails with a tool to separate the seat from the vehicle body.
4. Pull the seat out of the car while manually rotating the seat.

For the C-sedan and other bench-type cushion-type inset rear seats (rear)
1. Manually remove the headrest from the seat.
2. Loosen the bolts of the mounting brackets on the seat and backrests with a tool and remove.
3. Use a tool or hand to remove the fasteners that secure the seat to the seat.
4. Raise the seat surface by hand. Separate from the body. The direction in which the force is applied depends on the mounting situation for each model.
5. Remove the seat from the vehicle by hand.
6. Pull the back surface of the seat upward by hand and pull it toward you. Separate from the body. The direction in which the force is applied depends on the mounting situation for each model.
7. Remove the seat back manually by hand.

About the sheet taken out of the car,
1. Return the headrest to the seat manually.
2. Electric components mounted on the seat are manually removed and collected. The copper content from the collection of harnesses will be recycled as material. Chlorine is removed.
Note that the work procedure in the sheet separation step S3 is an example, and unlike the related art, it is important to remove the sheet and the wire harness from the waste vehicle before the crushing process. Therefore, these work procedures are not limited to those shown.

<Crushing and sorting process of the car body>
Next, as a vehicle body crushing / sorting step S4, first, the metal body such as iron, aluminum, and copper such as the chassis and the frame is crushed together with the glass. In the sorting process of the car body crushing / sorting process S4, magnetic force sorting is performed by adsorbing and sorting metals using a magnet, wind sorting is performed by applying a wind to plastics which are lighter than metals, and finally remaining crushed materials are sorted out. There is manual sorting which sorts by hand. In the vehicle body crushing / sorting step S4, eddy current sorting, metal sorter sorting, wet sorting, and the like can be used in addition to magnetic force sorting and wind sorting.

  In the vehicle body crushing / sorting step S4, metals, especially iron, which have been sorted out, that is, remaining plastics, copper wires, and non-ferrous metals are collected as valuable resources from scrap automobile shredder dust. The so-called scrap car waste remaining at the end of a car containing such plastics is finely crushed to remove metals. What remains there is ASR (automobile crush residue). Subsequent to the vehicle body crushing / sorting step S4, a plastics collecting step S6 for collecting the plastics selected in the vehicle body crushing / sorting step S4 can be added. In the plastics collecting step S6, plastic panels, inside handles, waterproof sheets, door armrests, and the like are sorted and collected. By adding the plastics collecting step S6, the plastics are collected before the plastics, copper wire, and non-ferrous metals are fined by the crushing in the car body crushing / sorting step S4, and the sorting efficiency of the plastics is increased. be able to.

  The crushed and sorted materials thus crushed are processed as shown in Table 1. The iron recovered from the body (body) of the end-of-life vehicle and sorted by magnetic force does not contain chlorine. This iron is electric furnace treated. Non-ferrous metals include chlorine. This non-ferrous metal is subjected to a non-ferrous refining process.

  Chlorine is not included in the resin content in the wind-screened ASR. This resin is incinerated and subjected to material recycling. Detailed sorting will be described later. Similarly, wind-screened wire harnesses contain chlorine. The wire harness is non-ferrous smelting. Fuel, non-ferrous metals and plastics are also recovered from the sorted ASR.

  Conventionally, a wire harness coexists with ASR and the glass contained therein and contains chlorine, and is incinerated. The glass in ASR is melted as slag by incineration. Therefore, in the recycling method of the present invention, the glass is melted as it is, but the wire harness is almost concentrated on the non-ferrous refining processing side, and almost no chlorine is mixed in the incineration side, so that it can be used as a high quality thermal fuel. It has become possible.

<Sheet crushing process>
On the other hand, a sheet crushing step S5 for crushing a sheet from which vinyl chloride or a wire separated from a film of a wire of a wire harness incorporated in the sheet is removed from the sheet may be incorporated. When reusing a sheet of soft plastic such as urethane resin, the sheet is pulverized.

  The iron recovered from the sheet does not include chlorine. This iron is electric furnace treated. The wind-screened sheet skin contains some chlorine. This seat skin is used as combustible fuel (thermal recycling). Chlorine is not contained in the urethane resin screened by wind. This urethane resin is used as a combustible fuel (thermal recycling).

<Structure of work having sheet separation step before disassembly step>
FIG. 5 is a work flowchart showing a method of recycling automobile waste according to the second embodiment, having a sheet separation step before a disassembly step.
The sheet separation step S3 does not necessarily need to be performed after the disassembly step S1. As shown in FIG. 5, the method for recycling automobile waste according to the second embodiment is a method in which a sheet is first taken out from the body of a waste automobile and processed. Thereafter, a method of performing the disassembly step S1 described above may be used. Other dismantling steps S1, wire harness removal and sorting step S2, vehicle body crushing and sorting step S4, and sheet crushing step S5 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
In the method of the second embodiment, since the sheet in the scrapped vehicle is removed, a large space is created inside the scrapped vehicle, and the operation of the next dismantling step S1 can be easily performed.

<Basic mode 3 of recycling method including the step of removing accessories such as doors from the vehicle body>
FIG. 6 is a work flow chart showing a basic mode 3 of the automobile waste recycling method according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
The method for recycling automobile waste according to the third embodiment of the present invention is a processing method starting from an accessory separation step S41 for removing accessories such as doors, dashboards, sheets, mats, and ceiling fabrics from a scrapped vehicle. . In addition to metal door frames and mounting panels (metal fittings), automobile doors are sorted out from plastic panels, inside handles, waterproof sheets, door armrests, and other wire harnesses and power window motors that contain metals and plastics. Various types to be included are included. Further, other dashboards, seats (seats), mats, ceiling fabrics and the like also include plastics. Therefore, in the recycling method according to the third embodiment, accessories such as doors are removed from the vehicle body in advance to perform the processing.

  In the method for recycling automobile waste according to the third embodiment, first, the above-described dismantling step S1 is performed as primary processing. Next, as a secondary treatment, the accessories removed from the end-of-life vehicle are crushed and sorted, and the accessories are separated mainly by plastics and ASR in the accessory sorting step S42, the accessory coarse crushing step S43, and the accessory crushing step S46. And so on. The body with the door removed is crushed and crushed to recover mainly metal. Further, plastics such as sponges and urethane resin are efficiently collected. Also collect ASR. The processing method starting from the accessory separation step S41 for removing the accessories in the third embodiment can of course use the combination of the seat (seat) separation steps in the first and second embodiments.

<Detailed Configuration of Recycling Method of Third Embodiment>
FIG. 7 is a work flowchart showing a detailed processing work of the method for recycling automobile waste according to the third embodiment.
In the method for recycling automobile waste according to the third embodiment, first, the disassembly step S1 as described above is performed similarly to the first and second embodiments. In the dismantling process S1, useful parts such as batteries, engines, catalysts, tires and the like which can be reused as used parts are collected from end-of-life vehicles, and harmful substances such as CFCs, airbags and oil which cannot be reused and dangerous goods and unnecessary goods are collected. to recover. Collect tires, batteries, engines, catalysts, bumpers and other parts. Take out what can be used as used parts and what can be separated. When recovering tires, the condition of the tires varies widely depending on environmental conditions and usage methods, so measure the degree of wear and rubber performance and classify them into prototype use, processing use, heat use, etc. I do. In the disassembly step S1, useful goods, dangerous goods, and non-use goods are collected.

  The end-of-life vehicle that has passed through the disassembly step S1 removes accessories such as doors, dashboards, seats, mats, and ceiling fabric from the vehicle body in an accessory separation step S41. Accessories to be removed from end-of-life vehicles will also remove parts that could entrap fibers, such as seats and wire harnesses, end-of-life ceiling fabric and mats. In the accessory separation step S41, the detachability of the chlorine-containing mat or the like enhances the separability from the wire harness that causes chlorine, so that the chlorine concentration can be reduced. In addition, the door can be removed from the end-of-life vehicle to facilitate entry into and exit from the end of the vehicle, thereby improving the collection efficiency of used parts.

  With respect to the vehicle body from which such accessories have been removed, the metal is recovered in the vehicle body crushing / sorting step S4. This metal is recovered, and the remaining metal is recovered as ASR (automobile crushed residue). As described above, in the body crushing and sorting step S4, in the sorting step of the body crushing and sorting step S4, magnetic force sorting is performed by using magnets to adsorb and sort metals, and wind is applied to plastics that are lighter than metals. There is a wind sorter that sorts by guessing and a manual sorter that sorts the last remaining crushed material by hand.

  On the other hand, accessories such as doors, dashboards, seats, mats, and ceiling fabrics removed from the end-of-life vehicle in the accessory separation step S41 are sorted into doors and mats in the accessory selection step S42. The accessory selection step S42 is a step of selecting a component having a high metal content and a component having a low metal content and determining a subsequent processing method. Doors and the like having a high metal content ratio are crushed in the accessory coarse crushing step S43. The soft resin generated at this time is processed together with a mat or the like described later in the accessory crushing step S46.

  The metal separated from the hard resin in the accessory coarse crushing step S43 is processed in the vehicle body crushing / sorting step S4 and collected as metal. Further, among the plastics roughly crushed in the accessory coarse crushing step S43, the hard resin is crushed in the accessory crushing step S45, and the plastics such as PP (polypropylene) and PE (polyethylene) resin and ASR (automobile). (Crushed residue).

  On the other hand, accessories such as dashboards, sheets, mats, and ceiling fabrics having a high content of plastics are crushed in the accessory crushing step S46 to mainly recover ASR (car crush residue) and fuel.

<Configuration of equipment that implements the recycling method>
FIG. 8 is a schematic explanatory view showing a recycling facility for performing the method for recycling automobile waste according to the fourth embodiment.
As a recycling facility for carrying out the method for recycling automobile waste of Example 4, a coarse crusher 1 for roughly crushing a body of a waste vehicle from which a sheet is taken out, and crushing with the coarse crusher 1 Magnetic force sorting of fine crusher 2 for finely crushing coarse crushed material of car body and fine crushed material of car body crushed by fine crusher 2 into crushed iron and non-ferrous metal such as aluminum and copper And a cyclone dust collector 4 for recovering mainly plastic ASR (automobile crushed residue) selected by the magnetic separator 3. In each subsequent process, the crushed material is transported using a transport device 5 such as a belt conveyor. A useful part that can be reused as a used part is collected from the end-of-life vehicle, dangerous and unnecessary items that cannot be reused are collected and dismantled, and the end-of-life vehicle from which the wire harness is removed is roughly crushed by the coarse crusher 1.

The irons sorted by the magnetic force sorter 3 are sorted using the iron dust removing wind sorter 6 to increase the purity of the iron. After that, recycling by hand is completed as iron crushed material.
The non-ferrous metal sorted by the magnetic force sorter 3 is also sorted using the non-ferrous metal wind sorter 7 in order to increase its purity. Thereafter, the sizes are adjusted by the rotary sieve 8. Recycling of the crushed material with a large particle size is completed by hand sorting as a highly accurate non-ferrous metal crushed material of aluminum, copper, and stainless steel.
On the other hand, the crushed material having a small particle size separated by the rotary sieving machine 8 is also collected as a mixed metal crushed material by manual selection. This is a facility for collecting metals and harnesses crushed by the coarse crusher 1 and the fine crusher 2 in the metal recovery facility 9.

The cyclone dust collector 4 sorts the plastics from which the metals have been removed by the fine crusher 2, the iron dust removing wind sorter 6, and the non-ferrous metal wind sorter 7. Those containing the plastics are collected in the ASR collection facility 10 as ASR (automobile crush residue).
The sheet removed from the scrap car is crushed by the crusher 11. The crushed material is collected in the plastics collection facility 12.

<Variation 1 Hard plastic sorting process (flow-through box-type separation water tank)>
FIG. 9 is a work flow chart showing a sorting process using a flowing water type separation tank for hard plastics according to the first modification. FIG. 10 is a partially cutaway schematic explanatory view showing a flowing water type separation water tank used in the first modification.
If the ASR hard plastics sorted and collected by the ASR collection facility 10 are sorted into heavy and light ones, the utilization value of the collected resources can be increased. For example, the hard plastics can be sorted by a sorting step (water separation tank). ASR (automobile crush residue) that does not contain urethane resin or the like can use water. That is, sorting using the buoyancy of water becomes possible.

  In the sorting step using the flow-through type separation water tank of Modification Example 1 (box-type water tank specific gravity sorting step S21), the ASR sorted and recovered by the ASR recovery facility 10 is a light plastic crushed material having a low specific gravity and a specific gravity settling on the water floor. A plurality of paddles 22 attached to the upper surface of a box-type sorting water tank 21 for separating heavy heavy crushed plastics and metals with a specific gravity difference, and a sedimentation attached to the bottom of the box-type sorting water tank 21 A processing apparatus provided with a helical discharger 23 for discharging the crushed heavy plastic material and a flowing water type specific gravity separator 24 having the same. The flowing water type specific gravity separator 24 in the illustrated example is an example, and it is a matter of course that the present invention is not limited to this.

  The box-type water tank specific gravity sorting step S21 of the first modified example is such that the hard plastic crushed material in the ASR is formed in a flowing water specific gravity separator 24 by shaking the surface water with a paddle 22 to form flowing water. And a heavy plastic crushed material having a high specific gravity that settles on the water floor. Thereafter, the separated plastic crushed product is subjected to a dehydration treatment in a dehydration step S22 if necessary. Natural sedimentation requires a long time, but by using running water, light plastic crushed material can be separated from heavy plastic crushed material in a short time.

<Modification 2 Hard Plastics Sorting Process (Swirl Type Cylindrical Separation Water Tank)>
FIG. 11 is a work flow diagram showing a sorting process using a vortex-type separation water tank for hard plastics according to the second modification. FIG. 12 is a schematic explanatory view of a vortex-type separation water tank used in the second modification, partially cut away.
In the sorting step using the vortex-type separation water tank of Modification Example 2, the ASR sorted and collected in the ASR collection facility 10 includes a light plastic crushed material having a low specific gravity, a heavy plastic crushed material having a specific gravity settling on the water bottom, and a metal. A propeller 32 that stirs water in the cylindrical water tank 31 to separate the water with a specific gravity difference from the vortex of water, a funnel-shaped outlet 33 formed at the bottom of the cylindrical water tank 31 that discharges the settled metal crushed matter, A processing apparatus equipped with a vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 35, which is attached to the periphery of the opening of the cylindrical water tank 31 and has a discharge device 34 for extracting separated light and heavy plastic crushed materials, is used. In the second modification, the ASR (automobile crushed residue) does not contain a urethane resin or the like, and is selected by using water. The vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 35 in the illustrated example is an example, and it is a matter of course that the present invention is not limited to this.

  In the vortex-type specific gravity sorting step S31 of the second modification, the hard plastic crushed material in the ASR is settled on the water bottom at the center of the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 35 against the water flow in the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 35. . The light plastic crushed material is suspended and taken out at the center and the surface of the vortex type cylindrical separation water tank 35 together with the rotating water flow. The heavy plastic pulverized product is taken out from the peripheral edge of the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 35 by rotating in the water together with the water flow. Thereafter, the separated plastic crushed product is subjected to a dehydration treatment in a dehydration step S32 if necessary. Thus, the crushed material can be quickly separated into several types by utilizing the difference in specific gravity of each crushed material.

  In addition, the present invention separates accessories such as seats (seats) and doors from the vehicle body before crushing the end-of-life vehicle, and separately processes the vehicle body and accessories such as seats and doors. By reducing the contamination and inclusion of chlorine in the processed material, sorting ASR into plastics and metals with high precision, and further processing the sponge system of end-of-life vehicles with ease, the sorting becomes easier, Eliminates the involvement of wire harnesses, etc., and sorts them as high-quality recycled materials at the final destination of resource recycling.Seats, dashboards and doors are separated from sponge systems and wire harnesses containing copper and chlorine from end-of-life vehicles It is not limited to the above-described embodiment of the present invention as long as the value of use as a resource can be enhanced by effectively crushing the material, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Rukoto is a matter of course.

  The method and apparatus for recycling automobile waste of the present invention are not limited to end-of-life vehicles.Electronic components and other components that are effective in sorting resource materials by separating sponge systems from household electric appliances and waste It can be used for industrial equipment.

S1 Dismantling process S2 Wire harness removal and sorting process S3 Sheet separation process S4 Car body crushing and sorting process S5 Sheet crushing process S6 Plastics collection process S21 Box type water tank specific gravity sorting process S31 Eddy current specific gravity sorting process S41 Accessories separating process S42 Accessories Sorting process S43 Accessory coarse crushing process S44 Accessory metal separation process S46 Accessory crushing process 1 Coarse crusher 2 Fine crusher 3 Magnetic force sorter 4 Cyclone dust collector 21 Box type sorting tank 22 Paddle 23 Discharger 24 Flowing type gravity separator DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 31 Cylindrical water tank 32 Propeller 33 Funnel-shaped discharge port 34 Discharge device 35 Swirl type cylindrical separation water tank

Claims (4)

A method of recycling automobile waste by separating metals such as iron, aluminum, and copper from plastics such as sheets and bumpers from end-of-life vehicles, and recycling each of them.
A dismantling process (S1) that collects useful parts such as batteries, engines, catalysts, and tires that can be reused as used parts from end-of-life vehicles, and collects harmful substances such as CFCs, airbags, and oil that cannot be reused, as well as dangerous and unnecessary items. )When,
A half-pressing step of pressing the scrap car treated in the dismantling step (S1) in a state where a sheet can be removed from the scrap car in order to reduce the volume thereof;
An accessory separating step (S41) of removing accessories such as doors, dashboards, sheets, mats, and ceiling fabrics from the scrapped automobile after the half-pressing process;
A car body crushing and sorting step (S4) for collecting metal from the car body from which the accessories have been removed in the accessory separating step (S41);
An accessory selection step (S42) of sorting the accessories removed from the vehicle body in the accessory separation step (S41) into doors and the like having a high metal content ratio and mats and the like having a low metal content ratio.
An accessory coarse crushing step (S43) for roughly crushing accessories such as doors having a high metal content ratio selected in the accessory sorting step (S42);
An accessory metal separation step (S44) of separating the door and the like roughly crushed in the accessory coarse crushing step (S43) into metal and hard resin;
The accessory crushing step (S46) of crushing the ASR from the dashboard, sheet, mat, and ceiling cloth having a low metal content and a high plastic content in the accessory selection step (S42). ) And
Finally, metal is mainly recovered from the car body separated and processed in the car body crushing and sorting step (S4),
A method of recycling automobile waste, comprising mainly recovering plastics and ASR from accessories separated and processed in the accessory crushing step (S46). Collecting useful parts that can be reused as used parts from end-of-life vehicles, collecting non-reuseable harmful substances, dangerous goods, and unnecessary items, and disassembling and processing the end-of-life end-of-life vehicle body with the wire harness removed, and removed from the end-of-life vehicle An automobile waste recycling facility that recycles sheets,
For the dismantled waste vehicle, a device for a semi-pressing process that presses in a state where a sheet can be removed from the waste vehicle in order to reduce the volume thereof,
A coarse crusher (1) for coarsely crushing the body of a waste car from which a sheet has been removed,
A fine crusher (2) for finely crushing the coarsely crushed material of the vehicle body crushed by the coarse crusher (1);
A magnetic separator (3) for magnetically sorting the finely crushed material of the vehicle body crushed by the fine crusher (2) into crushed iron and non-ferrous metal such as aluminum and copper;
A sheet crusher (11) for crushing the sheet from which the wire harness has been removed,
And a cyclone dust collector (4) for recovering mainly plastic ASR (automobile crushed residue) sorted by the magnetic separator (3). For the ASR sorted and recovered by the cyclone dust collector (4), which does not contain urethane resin, a metal having a specific gravity difference between a light plastic crushed material having a low specific gravity, a heavy plastic crushed material having a specific gravity settling on the water bottom, and metals. A plurality of paddles (22) mounted on the upper surface of the box-shaped sorting tank (21) for separation at
A flow-through specific gravity separator (24) having a discharger (23) for discharging settled heavy plastic crushed matter, which is attached to the bottom of the box-type separation water tank (21), is further provided. The facility for recycling automobile waste according to claim 2. Regarding the ASR sorted and recovered by the cyclone dust collector (4), which does not contain urethane resin, the light plastic crushed material having a low specific gravity, the heavy plastic crushed material having a heavy specific gravity which settles to the bottom of the water, and metals are separated into water. A propeller (32) for stirring water in the cylindrical water tank (31) to separate the vortex from a specific gravity difference;
A funnel-shaped outlet (33) formed at the bottom of the cylindrical water tank (31) for discharging the settled metal crushed material;
A vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (35) having a discharge device (34) attached to the periphery of the opening of the cylindrical water tank (31) for extracting separated light / heavy plastic crushed material; The facility for recycling automobile waste according to claim 2.

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