JP6192084B1 - Sorting equipment for waste plastics containing metals - Google Patents
Sorting equipment for waste plastics containing metals Download PDFInfo
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- JP6192084B1 JP6192084B1 JP2017086616A JP2017086616A JP6192084B1 JP 6192084 B1 JP6192084 B1 JP 6192084B1 JP 2017086616 A JP2017086616 A JP 2017086616A JP 2017086616 A JP2017086616 A JP 2017086616A JP 6192084 B1 JP6192084 B1 JP 6192084B1
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 11
- -1 and in particular Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKIJONGZTGVCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenoxypyridine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 AKIJONGZTGVCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001893 acrylonitrile styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000113 methacrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】廃プラスチック類の比重差を利用して選別するが、分離に使用する水を異なる形態で流動させ、かつこれを組み合わせることにより、廃プラスチック類を迅速に分離、選別する。複数種類に細かく選別する。【解決手段】廃プラスチック類を粉砕する洗浄粉砕機１と、洗浄粉砕物を金属粉砕物Ｍと浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰと、軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰとに水の渦流と比重差で分離する渦流式円筒分離水槽３と、分離選別された軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰを軽プラスチック粉砕物と重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰとに比重差で分離する流水式比重選別機５とを備え、これらの処理機を同一の場所に配置した。【選択図】図１Kind Code: A1 The present invention sorts waste plastics by using the difference in specific gravity of waste plastics, and rapidly separates and sorts waste plastics by flowing water used for separation in different forms and combining them. Finely sort into multiple types. A washing pulverizer for pulverizing waste plastics, a metal pulverized product M, a floating plastic pulverized product FP, and light / heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP with a difference in specific gravity and vortex of water. A vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3 for separation, and a flowing-water specific gravity sorter 5 for separating the separated light and heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP into a light plastic pulverized product and a heavy plastic pulverized product HP by a specific gravity difference. These processors were placed in the same place. [Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、廃棄されたプラスチック類を再資源化する技術に係り、特に金属を含む廃プラスチック類を粉砕してその粉砕物を、金属類とプラスチック類に選別し、このプラスチック類については更に比重の軽いものから重たいプラスチック類に細かく選別して回収する金属を含む廃プラスチック類の選別設備に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a technology for recycling discarded plastics, and in particular, waste plastics containing metals are pulverized, and the pulverized materials are sorted into metals and plastics. The present invention relates to a sorting facility for waste plastics containing metals that are finely sorted from light to heavy plastics and collected.
廃プラスチック類には、ＰＥＴボトル、廃タイヤ、合成ゴムくず、合成繊維くず、ビニールシート屑等、固形状、フィルム等種々のものがある。例えば、自動車が廃車になった後、自動車は鉄やアルミニウム等の金属が使用され、バッテリー等の有用部品が多く使用される。危険物を除去し、破砕して鉄スクラップを回収した後、残渣となっているプラスチック類、導線、非鉄金属類を廃自動車シュレッダーダストから有価物として回収する。具体的に有価物として比重の軽いプラスチック類、比重の重いプラスチック類、導線、その他の種類の金属に分離・精製される。 Waste plastics include various types such as PET bottles, waste tires, synthetic rubber scraps, synthetic fiber scraps, vinyl sheet scraps, solids and films. For example, after an automobile is scrapped, the automobile uses metals such as iron and aluminum, and many useful parts such as batteries are used. After removing dangerous materials and crushing them to recover iron scrap, residual plastics, conductors, and non-ferrous metals are recovered from waste car shredder dust as valuable resources. Specifically, it is separated and refined as valuable materials such as plastics with low specific gravity, plastics with high specific gravity, conductors, and other types of metals.
そこで、有価物として比重の軽いプラスチック類、比重の重いプラスチック類、導線、その他の種類の金属に分離する技術が提案されている。例えば、特許文献１の特開２００４−５８０３２公報「廃自動車シュレッダーダストから有価物を回収する方法」には、廃自動車を解体した後、ゴミとなり廃棄処分されるシュレッダーダストからプラスチック類、金属類を湿式による比重選別機により分別、回収して再資源化物とする方法。廃自動車のシュレッダーダストから軽比重プラスチック、重比重プラスチックを湿式による比重選別機により分別して、再資源化物とする方法。さらに廃自動車のシュレッダーダスト中の水より軽い物質と重い物質を分離するための浮遊物分離槽は空気、気泡を間欠的に排出させる脈動バブリング槽と沈降槽を備え付けたことを特徴としている装置が提案されている。 In view of this, a technology has been proposed that separates valuable plastics into light plastics, heavy plastics, conductors, and other types of metals. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-58032 “Method for recovering valuable materials from shredded automobile shredder dust”, plastics and metals are removed from shredder dust that is disposed of as waste after being scrapped. A method of separating and collecting by a specific gravity sorter using a wet method into a recycled product. A method of separating light specific gravity plastics and heavy specific gravity plastics from shredder dust of scrap cars with a wet specific gravity sorter to make recycled materials. Furthermore, the suspended matter separation tank for separating lighter and heavier substances than the water in the shredder dust of a scrap car is equipped with a pulsating bubbling tank and a sedimentation tank that discharge air and bubbles intermittently. Proposed.
また、特許文献２の特開２００３−１９７１３公報「金属複合プラスチック廃棄物の処理方法」には、金属複合プラスチック廃棄物を、２００℃から２８０℃の範囲内の温度に加熱した、３００℃以上の沸点および９０℃〜１４０℃の範囲内の軟化点を有する有機熱媒体によって、プラスチック成分と無機材料成分とを分離する分離工程を備えた、金属複合プラスチック廃棄物の処理方法が提案されている。 Further, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-19713 of Patent Document 2, “metal composite plastic waste processing method”, a metal composite plastic waste is heated to a temperature within a range of 200 ° C. to 280 ° C. There has been proposed a method for treating metal composite plastic waste comprising a separation step of separating a plastic component and an inorganic material component by an organic heat medium having a boiling point and a softening point in the range of 90 ° C to 140 ° C.
特許文献１の「廃自動車シュレッダーダストから有価物を回収する方法」は、浮遊物分離槽は空気、気泡を間欠的に排出させる脈動バブリング槽と沈降槽により、廃自動車のシュレッダーダスト中の水より軽い物質と重い物質を分離する方法である。しかし、特許文献１の回収する方法は、自然沈降のため処理速度が遅いという問題を有していた。また、この特許文献１の回収方法は、空気、気泡を用いただけで、比重の異なるプラスチック類を細かく分離選別することはできなかった。 Patent Document 1 discloses a method for recovering valuable materials from waste vehicle shredder dust. The suspended matter separation tank uses a pulsating bubbling tank and a sedimentation tank that discharge air and bubbles intermittently. This is a method for separating light and heavy substances. However, the recovery method of Patent Document 1 has a problem that the processing speed is slow due to natural sedimentation. In addition, the recovery method of Patent Document 1 cannot use fine separation and selection of plastics having different specific gravities only by using air and bubbles.
また、特許文献２の「金属複合プラスチック廃棄物の処理方法」は、金属複合プラスチック廃棄物を、２００℃から２８０℃の範囲内の温度に加熱した、３００℃以上の沸点および９０℃〜１４０℃の範囲内の軟化点を有する有機熱媒体によって、プラスチック成分と無機材料成分とを分離する方法である。しかし、特許文献２の処理方法は、加熱により、金属類からプラスチック類を溶融除去するため、その後のプラスチック類については細かく分離選別できないという問題を有していた。しかも、加熱工程が必要なために、廃棄物処理の処理コストが大きくなるという問題を有していた。 Patent Document 2 “Process for Disposing Metal Composite Plastic Waste” is a method of heating a metal composite plastic waste to a temperature in the range of 200 ° C. to 280 ° C. and a boiling point of 300 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. to 140 ° C. In this method, the plastic component and the inorganic material component are separated by an organic heat medium having a softening point within the range. However, the processing method of Patent Document 2 has a problem that the plastics cannot be finely separated and sorted because the plastics are melted and removed from the metals by heating. In addition, since a heating step is necessary, there is a problem that the processing cost of waste disposal increases.
本発明は、かかる問題点を解決するために創案されたものである。すなわち、本発明の目的は、廃プラスチック類の比重差を利用して選別するが、分離に使用する水を異なる形態で流動させ、かつこれを組み合わせることにより、複数種類の廃プラスチック類を迅速に分離、選別することができ、しかも細かく選別することができる金属を含む廃プラスチック類の選別設備を提供することにある。 The present invention has been developed to solve such problems. That is, the object of the present invention is to sort using waste plastics by using the difference in specific gravity, but the water used for the separation is made to flow in different forms, and by combining them, a plurality of types of waste plastics can be quickly collected. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sorting facility for waste plastics containing metals that can be separated and sorted and that can be finely sorted.
本発明の選別設備は、処理機を用いて金属を含む廃プラスチック類を、各プラスチック粉砕物（ＦＰ，ＬＰ，ＨＰ）と金属粉砕物（Ｍ）に分離し、更にプラスチック粉砕物（ＦＰ，ＬＰ，ＨＰ）を比重差で数種類に分離選別する金属を含む廃プラスチック類の選別設備であって、
金属を含む廃プラスチック類について洗浄しながら所定の形状及び大きさに粉砕するために、装置本体（９）に回転刃と粉砕物を洗浄する水を噴射する噴射機を有する洗浄粉砕機（１）と、
前記洗浄粉砕機（１）で洗浄粉砕された洗浄粉砕物を、金属粉砕物（Ｍ）と浮きプラスチック粉砕物（ＦＰ）と、金属粉砕物（Ｍ）と浮きプラスチック粉砕物（ＦＰ）の中間の比重を有する軽・重プラスチック粉砕物（ＬＰ，ＨＰ）とに水の渦流と比重差で分離するために、円筒水槽（１２）内の水をかき回すプロペラ（１３）と、沈降した金属粉砕物（Ｍ）を排出させる該円筒水槽（１２）の底部に形成された漏斗状排出口（１４）と、該円筒水槽（１２）の開口周縁に取り付けられた、分離された軽・重プラスチック粉砕物（ＬＰ，ＨＰ）を取り出す排出装置（４）それぞれを有する渦流式円筒分離水槽（３）と、
前記渦流式円筒分離水槽（３）で分離選別された軽・重プラスチック粉砕物（ＬＰ，ＨＰ）を、比重の軽い軽プラスチック粉砕物と、水底に沈降する比重の重い重プラスチック粉砕物（ＨＰ）とに比重差で分離するために、箱型選別水槽（２０）の上面に取り付けられた複数のパドル（２２）と、該箱型選別水槽（２０）の底部に取り付けられた、沈降した重プラスチック粉砕物（ＨＰ）を排出する排出機（６）と、を有する流水式比重選別機（５）と、
前記流水式比重選別機（５）で選別された重プラスチック粉砕物（ＨＰ）を、振動させて粒状のプラスチック粉砕物は下方に、粉末状のプラスチック粉砕物は上方に分離するために、プラスチック粉砕物を入れる筐体（２５）と、該筐体（２５）を振動させる加振機と、を有する振動分離機（７）を、備え、
前記洗浄粉砕機（１）に隣接して前記渦流式円筒分離水槽（３）を配置し、該渦流式円筒分離水槽（３）に隣接して前記流水式比重選別機（５）を配置し、該流水式比重選別機（５）に隣接して前記振動分離機（７）を同一の場所に配置した、ことを特徴とする。
The sorting equipment of the present invention uses a processing machine to separate waste plastics containing metals into plastic pulverized products (FP, LP, HP) and metal pulverized products (M), and further plastic pulverized products (FP, LP). , HP) is a sorting facility for waste plastics containing metal that separates and sorts several types by specific gravity difference,
Washing and crushing machine (1) having an apparatus for injecting water for washing the rotating blade and the pulverized material to the apparatus body (9) in order to crush waste plastics containing metal into a predetermined shape and size while washing. When,
The washed pulverized product washed and pulverized by the washing and pulverizing machine (1) is divided between the metal pulverized product (M) and the floating plastic pulverized product (FP), and between the metal pulverized product (M) and the floating plastic pulverized product (FP). A propeller (13) that stirs water in a cylindrical water tank (12) and a ground metal smash ( M), a funnel-shaped discharge port (14) formed at the bottom of the cylindrical water tank (12), and a light and heavy plastic pulverized product attached to the periphery of the opening of the cylindrical water tank (12) ( LP, HP) and a vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (3) each having a discharge device (4) for taking out,
Light and heavy plastic pulverized material (LP, HP) separated and selected in the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (3) is divided into light plastic pulverized material with a light specific gravity and heavy plastic pulverized material (HP) with a high specific gravity that sinks to the bottom of the water. A plurality of paddles (22) attached to the upper surface of the box-type sorting water tank (20), and a settled heavy plastic attached to the bottom of the box-type sorting water tank (20). A discharger ( 6 ) for discharging the pulverized product (HP), and a flowing water specific gravity sorter (5),
The heavy plastic pulverized product (HP) selected by the flowing water specific gravity sorter (5) is vibrated to separate the granular plastic pulverized product downward and the powdered plastic pulverized product upward. A vibration separator (7) having a casing (25) for storing an object and a vibrator for vibrating the casing (25);
The vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (3) is disposed adjacent to the washing and pulverizing machine (1), the flow-type specific gravity separator (5) is disposed adjacent to the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (3), The vibration separator (7) is arranged in the same place adjacent to the flowing water specific gravity separator (5).
前記渦流式円筒分離水槽（３）の開口中央位置に、分離された浮きプラスチック粉砕物（ＦＰ）を回収するための吸引口（１６）を取り付けた構成が好ましい。 A configuration in which a suction port (16) for collecting the separated floating plastic pulverized material (FP) is attached to the center of the opening of the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (3) is preferable.
前記流水式比重選別機（５）は、下向きシリンドリカル形状の底部（１９）を有する箱型選別水槽（２０）の長手方向の一端に軽・重プラスチック粉砕物（ＬＰ，ＨＰ）の投入部（２１）を有し、
軽プラスチック粉砕物（ＬＰ）を排出するために、該投入部（２１）から他端に向けて回転するパドル（２２）が、該箱型選別水槽（２０）の開口に長手方向に複数取り付けられ、
該箱型選別水槽（２０）の底部（１９）に、その長手方向にスクリューコンベア (２３)が取り付けられ、沈降分離された重プラスチック粉砕物（ＨＰ）を前記排出機（６）へ搬送するように構成したものが好ましい。
The flowing water-type specific gravity sorter (5) has an input part (21) of light and heavy plastics (LP, HP) at one end in the longitudinal direction of a box-type sorting water tank (20) having a downwardly cylindrical bottom (19). )
In order to discharge the light plastic pulverized material (LP), a plurality of paddles (22) rotating from the charging portion (21) toward the other end are attached to the opening of the box-shaped sorting water tank (20) in the longitudinal direction. ,
A screw conveyor (23) is attached to the bottom (19) of the box-shaped sorting water tank (20) in the longitudinal direction thereof, and the heavy plastic pulverized material (HP) separated and separated is conveyed to the discharger (6). What was comprised in this is preferable.
本発明の選別設備では、渦流式円筒分離水槽（３）と流水式比重選別機（５）とを組み合わせて、金属を含む廃プラスチック類について容易に分離選別ができ、プラスチック類については浮きプラスチック類、軽プラスチック類と重プラスチック類の３種類に迅速に分離選別することができる。
本発明の選別設備では、各処理機が同一の場所に配置され、処理機が隣接して配置されているので、短時間で分離選別し、回収することができる。２種類の水槽（３，５）を用い、比重差を利用して分離するので、処理コストを低減することができる。
In the sorting equipment of the present invention, waste plastics containing metal can be easily separated and sorted by combining the swirl type cylindrical separation water tank (3) and the flowing water type specific gravity sorter (5). It can be quickly separated and sorted into three types, light plastics and heavy plastics.
In the sorting equipment according to the present invention, the processing machines are arranged in the same place and the processing machines are arranged adjacent to each other, so that they can be separated and sorted in a short time and collected. Since two types of water tanks (3, 5) are used and separated using the difference in specific gravity, the processing cost can be reduced.
本発明の金属を含む廃プラスチック類の選別設備は、金属を含む廃プラスチック類を洗浄粉砕する洗浄粉砕機と、洗浄粉砕物を、金属粉砕物と浮きプラスチック粉砕物と、その中間の比重を有する軽・重プラスチック粉砕物とに水の渦流により比重差で分離するため渦流式円筒分離水槽と、分離された軽・重プラスチック粉砕物を、比重の軽い軽プラスチック粉砕物と、水底に沈降する比重の重い重プラスチック粉砕物とに比重差で分離する流水式比重選別機の全てを同一の場所に配置した設備である。 The sorting equipment for waste plastics containing metal according to the present invention has a washing and grinding machine for washing and grinding waste plastics containing metal, a washing and grinding product, a metal grinding product and a floating plastic grinding product, and a specific gravity intermediate between them. In order to separate the light and heavy plastic pulverized material with a specific gravity difference by the vortex of water, the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank, the light and heavy plastic pulverized material separated into the light plastic pulverized material with a low specific gravity and the specific gravity that settles to the bottom of the water. This is a facility in which all of the flowing water type specific gravity sorters that separate the heavy plastic pulverized material with a specific gravity difference are arranged at the same place.
＜各処理機の配置＞
図１は実施例１の金属を含む廃プラスチック類の選別設備を示す配置平面図である。図２は実施例１の金属を含む廃プラスチック類の選別設備であり、上側に洗浄粉砕機、渦流式円筒分離水槽と流水式比重選別機を示し、下側に振動分離機を示す配置正面図である。
実施例１の金属を含む廃プラスチック類の選別設備は、次のような処理機が配置された設備である。洗浄粉砕機１の排出口２に隣接して渦流式円筒分離水槽３が配置され、この渦流式円筒分離水槽３の排出装置４に隣接して流水式比重選別機５が配置されている。更に、流水式比重選別機５の排出機６に隣接して振動分離機７が配置されている。
<Arrangement of each processor>
FIG. 1 is an arrangement plan view showing a sorting facility for waste plastics containing metal according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 shows a waste plastics sorting apparatus containing metal of Example 1, an arrangement front view showing a washing pulverizer, a vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank and a flowing-water specific gravity sorter on the upper side, and a vibration separator on the lower side. It is.
The sorting equipment for waste plastics containing metal of Example 1 is equipment in which the following processing machines are arranged. A vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3 is arranged adjacent to the discharge port 2 of the washing and grinding machine 1, and a flowing-water specific gravity sorter 5 is arranged adjacent to the discharge device 4 of this vortex type cylindrical separation water tank 3. Further, a vibration separator 7 is arranged adjacent to the discharger 6 of the flowing water specific gravity sorter 5.
これらの各処理機が同一の場所に配置されている。図示するように、回収された金属粉砕物とプラスチック粉砕物は、並列して設置したそれぞれの回収袋８に選別した廃プラスチック等が回収されるようになっている。または各処理機に隣接して回収袋８がそれぞれ配置され、これらの回収袋８に選別した廃プラスチック類が回収されるようにすることができる。 These processors are arranged at the same place. As shown in the figure, the collected metal pulverized product and plastic pulverized product are collected in the respective collection bags 8 installed in parallel, and the collected plastics and the like are collected. Or the collection bag 8 is arrange | positioned adjacent to each processing machine, respectively, and the waste plastics sorted into these collection bags 8 can be collect | recovered.
洗浄粉砕機１は、装置本体９内に、回転刃と粉砕物を洗浄する水を噴射する噴射機とを有する処理機である。洗浄粉砕機１は、投入口１０から投入される廃プラスチック類を、洗浄しながら所定の形状及び大きさに粉砕する。なお、この洗浄粉砕機１で処理する前に、廃自動車のバンパーのように大きな廃プラスチック類については、この洗浄粉砕機１の投入口１０に投入できる程度の大きさに粗破砕処理機又は粗粉砕処理機で処理する。 The cleaning pulverizer 1 is a processing machine having a rotary blade and an injector for injecting water for cleaning the pulverized material in the apparatus main body 9. The washing and pulverizing machine 1 pulverizes the waste plastics introduced from the inlet 10 into a predetermined shape and size while washing. Before processing with this washing and pulverizing machine 1, large waste plastics such as a bumper of a scrap car are sized so that they can be introduced into the inlet 10 of the washing and pulverizing machine 1. Process with pulverizer.
この洗浄粉砕機１で処理された洗浄粉砕物には、金属粉砕物Ｍ、水より比重の軽い浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰと、金属粉砕物Ｍと浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰの中間の比重を有する軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰとが混在している。本発明は、それぞれの比重の差を利用して、種々の異なるプラスチック類を一か所で選別処理するものである。 The washing and pulverized material processed by the washing and pulverizing machine 1 includes a metal pulverized material M, a floating plastic pulverized material FP having a specific gravity lighter than water, and a light pulverized material FP having an intermediate specific gravity between the metal pulverized material M and the floating plastic pulverized material FP. Heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP are mixed. The present invention sorts various different plastics at one place by utilizing the difference in specific gravity.
＜プラスチック類の比重（密度（ｇ／ｃｍ３））＞
本発明の選別設備、選別工程で処理する浮きプラスチック類、軽プラスチック類、重プラスチック類については、次のような比重差で区分けしている。但し、低密度又は高密度の相違、グラスファイバー（ＧＦ）を充填した場合、タルク（滑石）を配合したもの、その他の素材を充填した場合はこれらの数値とは異なる場合がある。
「浮きプラスチック類」としては、比重（密度（ｇ／ｃｍ３））が、
０．９１〜０．９６のポリエチレン（ＰＥ）、
０．９０〜０．９１のポリプロピレン（ＰＰ）などがある。
<Specific gravity of plastics (density (g / cm 3 ))>
The floating plastics, light plastics and heavy plastics processed in the sorting equipment and sorting process of the present invention are classified by the following specific gravity difference. However, these values may differ from those of low density or high density, when glass fiber (GF) is filled, talc (talc) is blended, or other materials are filled.
As "floating plastics", the specific gravity (density (g / cm 3 ))
0.91-0.96 polyethylene (PE),
There are 0.90 to 0.91 polypropylene (PP) and the like.
「軽プラスチック類」としては、比重（密度（ｇ／ｃｍ３））が、
１．０４〜１．０９のポリスチレン（ＰＳ）、
１．０７〜１．１０のＡＳ樹脂（アクリロニトリルスチレン）、
１．０１から１．０４のＡＢＳ樹脂（ＡＢＳ）、などがある。
As “light plastics”, the specific gravity (density (g / cm 3 ))
1.04-1.09 polystyrene (PS),
1.07-1.10 AS resin (acrylonitrile styrene),
There is an ABS resin (ABS) of 1.01 to 1.04.
「重プラスチック類」としては、比重（密度（ｇ／ｃｍ３））が、
１．３５から１．４５のポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂（ＰＶＣ）、
１．１７から１．２０のアクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂（ＰＭＭＡ）、
１．３４から１．３９のＰＥＴ樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート（ＰＥＴ）、
１．１９から１．３１のＰＶＡＬ樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡＬ）、
１．６５から１．７２のポリ塩化ビニリデン（ＰＶＤＣ）、
１．７５から１．７８のポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶＤＦ）、
１．１３から１．１５のナイロン６６（ポリアミド）（ＰＡ６６）、
１．４２のポリカーボネート（ＰＣ）、
１．３１から１．３８のＰＢＴ樹脂、ポリブチレンテレフタレート（ＰＢＴ）、
１．３４のポリフェニレンスルファイト（ＰＰＳ）、
１．４３から１．５１のポリイミド樹脂（ＰＩ）、
１．２７のポリエーテルイミド（ＰＥＩ）、
１．２４のポリスルフォン（ＰＳＦ）、
２．１４から２．２のポリテトラフルオンエチレン、フッソ樹脂（ＰＴＦＥ）などがある。
以上が熱可塑性のプラスチックに関するものである。熱可塑性のプラスチックは、加熱すると分子運動が激しくなり軟化、冷却すると固化し、これを繰りかえすことでさまざまな形状にする。用途としては容器包装（フィルム、シート、ボトル）、日用品・雑貨から家電、自動車部材まで広範囲にわたり再利用される。
As "heavy plastics", the specific gravity (density (g / cm 3 ))
1.35 to 1.45 polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC),
1.17 to 1.20 acrylic resin, methacrylic resin (PMMA),
1.34 to 1.39 PET resin, polyethylene terephthalate (PET),
1.19 to 1.31 PVAL resin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL),
1.65 to 1.72 polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC),
1.75 to 1.78 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF),
1.13 to 1.15 nylon 66 (polyamide) (PA66),
1.42 polycarbonate (PC),
1.31 to 1.38 PBT resin, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT),
1.34 polyphenylene sulfite (PPS),
1.43 to 1.51 polyimide resin (PI),
1.27 polyetherimide (PEI),
1.24 polysulfone (PSF),
2.14 to 2.2 polytetrafluon ethylene, fluorine resin (PTFE) and the like.
The above relates to thermoplastic plastics. Thermoplastic plastics soften when heated and soften, solidify when cooled, and are repeated to form various shapes. Applications can be reused in a wide range of applications from containers and packaging (films, sheets, bottles), daily necessities and miscellaneous goods to household appliances and automobile parts.
熱硬化性のプラスチックは、一度硬化したものは加熱しても再び流動性を持つことがない。この性質を活かして食器類、電気機器の基板、ゴルフのシャフトやテニスのラケット、ＦＲＰの船舶などに再利用されることがある。 Thermosetting plastics that have been cured once do not flow again even when heated. Utilizing this property, it may be reused for tableware, electric equipment substrates, golf shafts, tennis rackets, FRP ships, and the like.
熱硬化性の「重プラスチック類」としては、比重（密度（ｇ／ｃｍ３））が、
１．２１から１．３０のフェノール樹脂（ＰＦ）、
１．４７から１．５２のユリア樹脂（ＵＦ）、
１．４８のメラミン樹脂（ＭＦ）、
１．１０から１．４６の不飽和ポリエステル（ＵＰ）、
１．１から１．５のＰＵ（ポリウレタン）、
１．５５から１．６８のアクリル樹脂、ジアリルフタレート（ＰＤＡＰ）、
１．１１から１．４０のエポキシ樹脂（ＥＰ）などがある。
Thermosetting “heavy plastics” have a specific gravity (density (g / cm 3 )) of
1.21 to 1.30 phenolic resin (PF),
1.47 to 1.52 urea resin (UF),
1.48 melamine resin (MF),
1.10 to 1.46 unsaturated polyester (UP),
1.1 to 1.5 PU (polyurethane),
1.55 to 1.68 acrylic resin, diallyl phthalate (PDAP),
There are epoxy resins (EP) of 1.11 to 1.40.
因みに、「金属」の鉄（Ｆｅ）の比重（密度（ｇ／ｃｍ３））は７．８７、アルミニウム（Ａｌ）は２．６７、銅（Ｃｕ）は８．９６である。 Incidentally, the specific gravity (density (g / cm 3 )) of iron (Fe) of “metal” is 7.87, aluminum (Al) is 2.67, and copper (Cu) is 8.96.
＜渦流式円筒分離水槽の構成＞
図３は本発明の渦流式円筒分離水槽の一部断面にした概略説明図である。
洗浄粉砕機１で処理された洗浄粉砕物には、上述したように水より比重の軽い浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰ、金属粉砕物Ｍと浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰの中間の比重を有する軽プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ、重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰと金属粉砕物Ｍとが混在している。そこで、洗浄粉砕物について渦流式円筒分離水槽３で選別する。洗浄粉砕機１で処理された洗浄粉砕物は、この渦流式円筒分離水槽３にスクリューコンベアなどの搬送機１１で搬送、投入される。
<Configuration of vortex-type cylindrical water tank>
FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing a partial cross section of the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank of the present invention.
As described above, the washed pulverized product processed by the cleaning pulverizer 1 includes a floating plastic pulverized product FP having a specific gravity lighter than water, and a light plastic pulverized product LP having a specific gravity intermediate between the metal pulverized product M and the floating plastic pulverized product FP. The heavy plastic pulverized product HP and the metal pulverized product M are mixed. Therefore, the washed pulverized product is sorted in the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3. The washed and pulverized material processed by the washing and pulverizing machine 1 is conveyed and put into the vortex type cylindrical separation water tank 3 by a conveying machine 11 such as a screw conveyor.
渦流式円筒分離水槽３は、円筒水槽１２内の水をかき回すプロペラ１３と、金属粉砕物Ｍを沈降させる円筒水槽１２の底部に形成された漏斗状排出口１４と、円筒水槽１２の開口周縁に取り付けられた、渦流水で分離された軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰを取り出す排出装置４それぞれを有する分離水槽である。この排出装置４は軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰは渦流水で円筒水槽１２の内壁面において回動するので、円筒水槽１２の開口周縁に取り付けられている。 The vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3 includes a propeller 13 that stirs water in the cylindrical water tank 12, a funnel-shaped discharge port 14 that is formed at the bottom of the cylindrical water tank 12 that sinks the metal pulverized material M, and an opening periphery of the cylindrical water tank 12. It is the separation water tank which has each discharge device 4 which takes out light and heavy plastic pulverized material LP and HP separated by eddy current water attached. The discharge device 4 is attached to the opening peripheral edge of the cylindrical water tank 12 because the light and heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP rotate on the inner wall surface of the cylindrical water tank 12 by swirling water.
最初に渦流式円筒分離水槽３では、洗浄粉砕物の中の金属粉砕物Ｍは重たいので渦流水に抗してすぐに沈降する。沈降した金属粉砕物Ｍは円筒水槽１２底部の漏斗状排出口１４から回収する。 First, in the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3, the metal pulverized material M in the washed pulverized material is heavy, and thus immediately settles against the vortex water. The settled metal pulverized material M is collected from the funnel-shaped discharge port 14 at the bottom of the cylindrical water tank 12.
洗浄粉砕物の中の軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰは渦流水と共に回動し、遠心力により円筒水槽１２の内壁面に集まる。この軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰは円筒水槽１２の開口周縁に取り付けられた排出装置４から回収する。 The light and heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP in the washed pulverized product rotate together with the swirl water and collect on the inner wall surface of the cylindrical water tank 12 by centrifugal force. The light and heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP are collected from the discharge device 4 attached to the opening periphery of the cylindrical water tank 12.
洗浄粉砕物の中の浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰは、渦流水と共に水中で回動しながら水表面に浮上する。更に、円筒水槽１２の開口中央部分に浮いた状態になる。この分離された浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰは、渦流式円筒分離水槽３の開口中央位置に取り付けられた吸引口１６から吸引され、エアダンパ１７を用いて回収袋８に回収される。このとき脱水、乾燥処理をする場合がある。 The floating plastic pulverized material FP in the washed pulverized material floats on the surface of the water while rotating in the water together with the swirl water. Furthermore, it will be in the state which floated in the opening center part of the cylindrical water tank 12. FIG. The separated floating plastic pulverized product FP is sucked from the suction port 16 attached to the center of the opening of the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3 and is collected in the collection bag 8 using the air damper 17. At this time, dehydration and drying may be performed.
このように渦流式円筒分離水槽３では、渦流水にあまり影響されない金属粉砕物Ｍと浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰの中間の比重を有する軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰは、渦流による遠心力により分離する。この渦流式円筒分離水槽３では、金属粉砕物Ｍとプラスチック粉砕物との分離選別だけでなく、浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰと軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰとの分離選別も同時に行うことができる。因みに、ポリプロピレン（ＰＰ）のタルク強化（タルク配合）されたものは、浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰから軽プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰになり、本発明の渦流式円筒分離水槽３において効率よく分離選別することができた。 Thus, in the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3, the light and heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP having a specific gravity intermediate between the metal pulverized product M and the floating plastic pulverized product FP, which are not significantly affected by the vortex water, are separated by centrifugal force caused by the vortex flow. To do. In this vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3, not only separation and selection of the metal pulverized product M and the plastic pulverized product but also separation and selection of the floating plastic pulverized product FP and the light and heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP can be performed simultaneously. . Incidentally, talc reinforced (blended talc) of polypropylene (PP) is changed from the floating plastic pulverized product FP to the light plastic pulverized product LP, and can be efficiently separated and sorted in the vortex type cylindrical separation water tank 3 of the present invention. It was.
＜流水式比重選別機の構成＞
図４は本発明の流水式比重選別機の一部断面にした概略説明図である。
渦流式円筒分離水槽３で選別処理された軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰは、スクリューコンベアなどの搬送機１１で流水式比重選別機５に搬送、投入される。流水式比重選別機５は、下向きシリンドリカル形状の底部１９を有する箱型選別水槽２０の長手方向の一端に軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰの投入部２１を有する。流水式比重選別機５は、軽プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰを排出するために、箱型選別水槽２０の投入部２１から他端に向けて回転するパドル２２が複数取り付けられている。これらのパドル２２により箱型選別水槽２０内の水が流れるようになる。
<Configuration of running water specific gravity sorter>
FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view in partial section of the flowing water type specific gravity sorter of the present invention.
The light and heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP sorted in the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3 are transported and put into the flowing-water specific gravity sorter 5 by a transporter 11 such as a screw conveyor. The flowing water-type specific gravity sorter 5 has an input portion 21 for light and heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP at one end in the longitudinal direction of a box-shaped sorting water tank 20 having a bottom portion 19 having a downward cylindrical shape. The flowing water type specific gravity sorter 5 is provided with a plurality of paddles 22 that rotate from the input part 21 of the box-type sorting water tank 20 toward the other end in order to discharge the light plastic pulverized product LP. These paddles 22 allow water in the box-type sorting water tank 20 to flow.
箱型選別水槽２０の底部１９に、その長手方向にスクリューコンベア２３が取り付けられ、分離された重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰを排出部２４へ搬送するようになっている。なお、スクリューコンベア２３は一例であって他の搬送手段を用いることも可能である。 A screw conveyor 23 is attached to the bottom portion 19 of the box-shaped sorting water tank 20 in the longitudinal direction thereof, and the separated heavy plastic pulverized product HP is conveyed to the discharge portion 24. The screw conveyor 23 is an example, and other conveying means can be used.
このように流水式比重選別機５では、この流水中において自然沈降に比較して短時間で重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰを軽プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰから分離選別することができる。分離選別された軽プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰは、エアダンパ１７を用いて回収袋８に回収される。このとき脱水、乾燥処理をする場合がある。 In this way, the flowing water type specific gravity sorter 5 can separate and sort the heavy plastic pulverized product HP from the light plastic pulverized product LP in a shorter time than the natural sedimentation in the flowing water. The light plastic pulverized material LP that has been separated and sorted is collected in the collection bag 8 by using the air damper 17. At this time, dehydration and drying may be performed.
＜振動分離機の構成＞
流水式比重選別機５で選別された重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰは、脱水機２４で脱水し、次に振動分離機７で振動させて粒状のプラスチック粉砕物は下方に、粉末状のプラスチック粉砕物は上方に分離する。この振動分離機７は、プラスチック粉砕物を入れる筐体２５と、この筐体２５を振動させる加振機とを有する処理機である。
<Configuration of vibration separator>
The heavy plastic pulverized product HP selected by the flowing water specific gravity separator 5 is dehydrated by the dehydrator 24 and then vibrated by the vibration separator 7 so that the granular plastic pulverized product is downward and the powdered plastic pulverized product is Separate upward. The vibration separator 7 is a processing machine having a casing 25 for storing a plastic crushed material and a vibrator for vibrating the casing 25.
重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰは、所定の粒度が良粒度品となり、粉末状の重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰは再利用の際に取り扱いは煩雑になり不良粒度品となる。そこで、この振動分離機７で不良粒度品から良粒度品を選別する。その後、この良粒度品はエアダンパ１７を用いて回収袋８に回収する。 The heavy plastic pulverized product HP has a good particle size, and the powdered heavy plastic pulverized product HP becomes complicated in handling and becomes a defective particle size product. Therefore, the vibration separator 7 sorts out good-quality products from defective-grade products. Thereafter, the good-quality product is collected in the collection bag 8 using the air damper 17.
本発明の選別設備は、このように同一の場所に各処理機を配置した。円筒分離水槽１２の排出装置４に隣接して流水式比重選別機５を配置した。そこで、金属を含む廃プラスチック類について、金属類（金属粉砕物Ｍ）とプラスチック類（プラスチック粉砕物ＦＰ，ＬＰ，ＨＰ）とに分離するだけでなく、プラスチック類についても浮きプラスチック類、重プラスチック類と重プラスチック類の３種類に分離処理することができる。しかも、同じ場所で処理できるので、短時間で分離し、回収することができる。２種類の水槽３，５を用い、比重差を利用して分離するので、処理コストを低減することができる。最終的には４種類に選別処理することができる。 In the sorting equipment of the present invention, the processors are arranged in the same place as described above. A flowing water specific gravity sorter 5 was disposed adjacent to the discharge device 4 of the cylindrical separation water tank 12. Therefore, waste plastics containing metals are not only separated into metals (metal pulverized product M) and plastics (plastic pulverized product FP, LP, HP), but also plastics are floating plastics and heavy plastics. And heavy plastics can be separated. And since it can process in the same place, it can isolate | separate and collect | recover in a short time. Since two types of water tanks 3 and 5 are used and separated using the difference in specific gravity, the processing cost can be reduced. Eventually, four types of sorting can be performed.
図５は本発明の選別処理方法における具体的な処理工程を示すフロー図である。図６は本発明の選別処理方法における各工程フロー図と、分離選別された粉砕物を示す概略説明図である。
実施例２の選別処理方法は、主に洗浄粉砕工程Ｓ１と、渦流式比重分離工程Ｓ２と、流水式比重分離工程Ｓ３と、振動分離工程Ｓ４と、から成る処理方法である。金属を含む廃プラスチック類について、プラスチック粉砕物ＦＰ，ＬＰ，ＨＰと金属粉砕物Ｍとに比重差で分離し、更にプラスチック類を比重差で数種類に分離する各工程全てを同一の場所に配置した処理機で処理する選別方法である。
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing specific processing steps in the selection processing method of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a flowchart of each step in the sorting method of the present invention and a schematic explanatory diagram showing the pulverized material that has been separated and sorted.
The selection processing method of the second embodiment is a processing method mainly including a washing and grinding step S1, a vortex specific gravity separation step S2, a flowing water specific gravity separation step S3, and a vibration separation step S4. Waste plastics containing metals are separated into plastic pulverized products FP, LP, HP and metal pulverized products M by specific gravity difference, and further, all processes for separating plastics into several types by specific gravity difference are arranged in the same place. This is a sorting method for processing with a processor.
洗浄粉砕工程Ｓ１は、洗浄粉砕機１内において、所定の大きさに破砕した金属を含む廃プラスチック類を回転させ、水を噴射して洗浄しながら所定の形状及び大きさに粉砕する処理工程である。 The washing and pulverizing step S1 is a processing step in which waste plastics containing metal crushed to a predetermined size are rotated in the washing and pulverizing machine 1 and pulverized into a predetermined shape and size while being jetted and washed. is there.
第一選別工程は、主に洗浄粉砕物を浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰ、軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰ及び金属粉砕物Ｍの３種類に分離する渦流式比重分離工程Ｓ２である。
渦流式比重分離工程Ｓ２は、洗浄粉砕物を渦流式円筒分離水槽３において、水流に抗して渦流式円筒分離水槽３の中心の水底に金属粉砕物Ｍを沈降させる。回転する水流と共に渦流式円筒分離水槽３の水面かつ中央に浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰを浮遊させて取り出す。金属粉砕物Ｍと浮きプラスチック粉砕物ＦＰの中間の比重を有する軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰは水流と共に水中で回転させて渦流式円筒分離水槽３の周縁から取り出す。渦流式比重分離工程Ｓ２は、渦流により各粉砕物の比重差を利用して３種類に分離する。
The first sorting step is a vortex specific gravity separation step S2 that mainly separates the washed pulverized product into three types of floating plastic pulverized product FP, light / heavy plastic pulverized product LP, HP, and metal pulverized product M.
In the vortex specific gravity separation step S <b> 2, the washed pulverized product is sunk in the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3 to settle the metal pulverized product M on the bottom of the center of the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3 against the water flow. Along with the rotating water flow, the plastic pulverized material FP floating on the water surface and in the center of the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3 is suspended and taken out. The light and heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP having a specific gravity intermediate between the metal pulverized product M and the floating plastic pulverized product FP are taken out from the periphery of the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank 3 by rotating in water together with the water flow. The vortex specific gravity separation step S2 is separated into three types by utilizing the specific gravity difference of each pulverized product by the vortex.
第二選別工程は、第一選別工程の渦流式比重分離工程Ｓ２で分離した軽プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰと重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰの混合物を軽プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰと重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰの２種類に分離する流水式比重分離工程Ｓ３である。 In the second sorting step, the mixture of the light plastic pulverized product LP and the heavy plastic pulverized product HP separated in the vortex specific gravity separation step S2 of the first sorting step is separated into two types: a light plastic pulverized product LP and a heavy plastic pulverized product HP. This is the flowing water specific gravity separation step S3.
流水式比重分離工程Ｓ３は、軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰを、流水式比重選別機５において表層の水をパドル２２でかきながら流水を形成し、比重の軽い軽プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰと、水底に沈降する比重の重い重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰとに比重差で２種類に分離する処理工程である。自然沈降では長時間を要するが、流水を用いることで重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰから軽プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰを短時間で分離選別することができる。 In the flowing water specific gravity separation step S3, the light / heavy plastic pulverized product LP, HP is formed by flowing the surface water with the paddle 22 in the flowing water type specific gravity sorter 5, and the light plastic pulverized product LP having a low specific gravity, This is a processing step in which the heavy plastic pulverized product HP having a high specific gravity that settles on the bottom of the water is separated into two types with a specific gravity difference. Although natural sedimentation requires a long time, the light plastic pulverized product LP can be separated and selected from the heavy plastic pulverized product HP in a short time by using flowing water.
＜塩水を利用した分離法＞
流水式比重分離工程Ｓ３においては、一般的には水を利用して分離選別する。しかし、塩水を利用して分離選別することも可能である。例えば、ＰＥＴボトルをキャップ、ラベルが付いた状態のまま破砕、洗浄する。ボトル本体はＰＥＴであるが、ボトルに巻きつけてあるラベルはＰＳ、キャップはＰＰである。このままでは複数の種類のプラスチックが混在した状態で再利用できない。各プラスチックの比重は、上述したように本体（ＰＥＴ）が一番重く１．３４〜１．３９、ラベル（ＰＳ）が次いで１．０４〜１．０９、キャップ（ＰＰ）が最も軽く０．９０〜０．９１である。キャップ（ＰＥ）は水に浮き、本体ＰＥＴ、ラベル（ＰＳ）は沈降する。
<Separation method using salt water>
In the flowing water specific gravity separation step S3, separation and selection are generally performed using water. However, separation and selection using salt water is also possible. For example, the PET bottle is crushed and washed with the cap and label attached. The bottle body is PET, but the label wrapped around the bottle is PS and the cap is PP. If it remains as it is, it cannot be reused in a state where a plurality of types of plastic are mixed. As described above, the specific gravity of each plastic is 1.34 to 1.39, the body (PET) is the heaviest, the label (PS) is 1.04 to 1.09, and the cap (PP) is the lightest 0.90. ~ 0.91. The cap (PE) floats in water, and the main body PET and the label (PS) settle.
まず、破砕物を水の水槽を通すことにより、キャップ（ＰＰ）が分離する。本体（ＰＥＴ）、ラベル（ＰＳ）は共に水に沈降するが、ラベル（ＰＳ）の比重は水より僅かに重いだけである。そこで水に塩を加え、その塩水の比重をＰＳの１．０４〜１．０７以上、本体のＰＥＴの比重よりは軽い１．３８以下にすれば、本体のＰＥＴは沈降し、ラベルのＰＳは浮き、本体のＰＥＴ部分のみを分離抽出できる。この塩水を利用する分離選別は、流水式比重分離工程Ｓ３に限らず渦流式比重分離工程Ｓ２にも利用することができる、 First, the cap (PP) is separated by passing the crushed material through a water tank. Both the main body (PET) and the label (PS) settle in water, but the specific gravity of the label (PS) is only slightly heavier than water. Therefore, if salt is added to water and the specific gravity of the salt water is 1.04 to 1.07 or more of PS and 1.38 or less which is lighter than the specific gravity of PET of the main body, the PET of the main body settles and the PS of the label is It can float and separate and extract only the PET part of the body. This separation and separation using salt water can be used not only in the flowing water specific gravity separation step S3 but also in the vortex specific gravity separation step S2.
流水式比重分離工程Ｓ３の次に、軽プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰを回収する前に軽プラスチック粉砕物の水分を除去する軽プラスチック粉砕物脱水工程Ｓ５を設ける。 Next to the flowing water specific gravity separation step S3, a light plastic pulverized product dewatering step S5 is provided to remove moisture from the light plastic pulverized product LP before collecting the light plastic pulverized product LP.
同じく、流水式比重分離工程Ｓ３の次に、重プラスチック粉砕物を振動分離工程Ｓ４に入る前に重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰの水分を除去する重プラスチック粉砕物脱水工程Ｓ６を設ける。 Similarly, after the flowing water specific gravity separation step S3, a heavy plastic pulverized product dewatering step S6 is provided to remove the moisture of the heavy plastic pulverized product HP before the heavy plastic pulverized product enters the vibration separation step S4.
振動分離工程Ｓ４は、重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰを、振動分離することで、粒状のプラスチック粉砕物と粉末状のプラスチック粉砕物とに２種類に分離する処理工程である。 The vibration separating step S4 is a processing step in which the heavy plastic pulverized product HP is separated into two types by separating the vibration into a granular plastic pulverized product and a powdered plastic pulverized product.
本発明の選別処理方法では、洗浄粉砕工程Ｓ１と、粉砕物を３種類に分離する渦流式比重分離工程Ｓ２と、軽・重プラスチック粉砕物ＬＰ，ＨＰを２種類に分離する流水式比重分離工程Ｓ３と、重プラスチック粉砕物ＨＰを２種類に分離する振動分離工程Ｓ４とから成るので、２種類の水槽２，３を用い、比重差を利用して分離し、処理コストを低減することができる。しかも、燃焼処理工程は含まないので、環境に悪影響を及ぼすことがなく、処理コストが高騰することがない。 In the sorting method of the present invention, the washing and grinding step S1, the vortex specific gravity separation step S2 for separating the pulverized product into three types, and the flowing water specific gravity separation step for separating the light and heavy plastic pulverized products LP and HP into two types. Since it consists of S3 and vibration separation process S4 which isolate | separates heavy plastic ground material HP into two types, it can isolate | separate using a specific gravity difference using two types of water tanks 2 and 3, and can reduce processing cost. . And since a combustion treatment process is not included, it does not have a bad influence on an environment and processing cost does not rise.
なお、本発明は、廃プラスチック類の比重差を利用して選別するが、分離に使用する水を異なる形態で流動させ、かつこれを組み合わせることにより、複数種類の廃プラスチック類を迅速に分離、選別することができ、しかも細かく選別することができることができれば、上述した発明の実施の形態に限定されず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更できることは勿論である。 In addition, although the present invention sorts using the specific gravity difference of the waste plastics, by separating the water used for separation in different forms and combining this, a plurality of types of waste plastics can be quickly separated, Of course, the invention can be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention as long as it can be selected and can be selected finely.
本発明は、廃車になったバンパー、インパネ（インストルメントパネル）など主に金属を含む廃プラスチック類を再資源化する際に利用できる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used when recycling waste plastics mainly containing metal such as bumpers and instrument panels (instrument panels) that have become scrap cars.
１ 洗浄粉砕機
３ 渦流式円筒分離水槽
４ 排出装置
５ 流水式比重選別機
６ 排出機
７ 振動分離機
９ 装置本体
１２ 円筒水槽
１３ プロペラ
１４ 漏斗状排出口
１６ 吸引口
１９ 底部
２０ 箱型選別水槽
２１ 投入部
２２ パドル
２５ 筐体
Ｓ１ 洗浄粉砕工程
Ｓ２ 渦流式比重分離工程
Ｓ３ 流水式比重分離工程
Ｓ４ 振動分離工程
Ｓ５ 軽プラスチック粉砕物脱水工程
Ｓ６ 重プラスチック粉砕物脱水工程
Ｍ 金属粉砕物
ＦＰ 浮きプラスチック粉砕物
ＬＰ 軽プラスチック粉砕物
ＨＰ 重プラスチック粉砕物
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Washing and grinding machine 3 Eddy current type cylindrical separation water tank 4 Discharge device 5 Flowing water type specific gravity sorter 6 Discharger 7 Vibratory separator 9 Device body 12 Cylindrical water tank 13 Propeller 14 Funnel-shaped discharge port 16 Suction port 19 Bottom part 20 Input part 22 Paddle 25 Case S1 Washing and grinding step S2 Eddy current specific gravity separation step S3 Flowing water specific gravity separation step S4 Vibration separation step S5 Light plastic ground product dewatering step S6 Heavy plastic ground material dewatering step M Metal ground material FP Floating plastic ground material LP Light plastic ground HP Heavy plastic ground
Claims (3)
金属を含む廃プラスチック類について洗浄しながら所定の形状及び大きさに粉砕するために、装置本体（９）に回転刃と粉砕物を洗浄する水を噴射する噴射機を有する洗浄粉砕機（１）と、
前記洗浄粉砕機（１）で洗浄粉砕された洗浄粉砕物を、金属粉砕物（Ｍ）と浮きプラスチック粉砕物（ＦＰ）と、金属粉砕物（Ｍ）と浮きプラスチック粉砕物（ＦＰ）の中間の比重を有する軽・重プラスチック粉砕物（ＬＰ，ＨＰ）とに水の渦流と比重差で分離するために、円筒水槽（１２）内の水をかき回すプロペラ（１３）と、沈降した金属粉砕物（Ｍ）を排出させる該円筒水槽（１２）の底部に形成された漏斗状排出口（１４）と、該円筒水槽（１２）の開口周縁に取り付けられた、分離された軽・重プラスチック粉砕物（ＬＰ，ＨＰ）を取り出す排出装置（４）それぞれを有する渦流式円筒分離水槽（３）と、
前記渦流式円筒分離水槽（３）で分離選別された軽・重プラスチック粉砕物（ＬＰ，ＨＰ）を、比重の軽い軽プラスチック粉砕物と、水底に沈降する比重の重い重プラスチック粉砕物（ＨＰ）とに比重差で分離するために、箱型選別水槽（２０）の上面に取り付けられた複数のパドル（２２）と、該箱型選別水槽（２０）の底部に取り付けられた、沈降した重プラスチック粉砕物（ＨＰ）を排出する排出機（６）と、を有する流水式比重選別機（５）と、
前記流水式比重選別機（５）で選別された重プラスチック粉砕物（ＨＰ）を、振動させて粒状のプラスチック粉砕物は下方に、粉末状のプラスチック粉砕物は上方に分離するために、プラスチック粉砕物を入れる筐体（２５）と、該筐体（２５）を振動させる加振機と、を有する振動分離機（７）と、を備え、
前記洗浄粉砕機（１）に隣接して前記渦流式円筒分離水槽（３）を配置し、該渦流式円筒分離水槽（３）に隣接して前記流水式比重選別機（５）を配置し、該流水式比重選別機（５）に隣接して前記振動分離機（７）を同一の場所に配置した、ことを特徴とする金属を含む廃プラスチック類の選別設備。 Waste plastics containing metal are separated into plastic pulverized products (FP, LP, HP) and metal pulverized products (M) using a processing machine, and plastic pulverized products (FP, LP, HP) are further separated by specific gravity. A waste plastic sorting facility containing metals that are separated and sorted into several types,
Washing and crushing machine (1) having an apparatus for injecting water for washing the rotating blade and the pulverized material to the apparatus body (9) in order to crush waste plastics containing metal into a predetermined shape and size while washing. When,
The washed pulverized product washed and pulverized by the washing and pulverizing machine (1) is divided between the metal pulverized product (M) and the floating plastic pulverized product (FP), and between the metal pulverized product (M) and the floating plastic pulverized product (FP). A propeller (13) that stirs water in a cylindrical water tank (12) and a ground metal smash ( M), a funnel-shaped discharge port (14) formed at the bottom of the cylindrical water tank (12), and a light and heavy plastic pulverized product attached to the periphery of the opening of the cylindrical water tank (12) ( LP, HP) and a vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (3) each having a discharge device (4) for taking out,
Light and heavy plastic pulverized material (LP, HP) separated and selected in the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (3) is divided into light plastic pulverized material with a light specific gravity and heavy plastic pulverized material (HP) with a high specific gravity that sinks to the bottom of the water. A plurality of paddles (22) attached to the upper surface of the box-type sorting water tank (20), and a settled heavy plastic attached to the bottom of the box-type sorting water tank (20). A discharger ( 6 ) for discharging the pulverized product (HP), and a flowing water specific gravity sorter (5),
The heavy plastic pulverized product (HP) selected by the flowing water specific gravity sorter (5) is vibrated to separate the granular plastic pulverized product downward and the powdered plastic pulverized product upward. A vibration separator (7) having a casing (25) for storing an object and a vibrator for vibrating the casing (25),
The vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (3) is disposed adjacent to the washing and pulverizing machine (1), the flow-type specific gravity separator (5) is disposed adjacent to the vortex-type cylindrical separation water tank (3), A sorting facility for waste plastics containing metal, wherein the vibration separator (7) is arranged in the same place adjacent to the flowing water specific gravity sorter (5).
軽プラスチック粉砕物（ＬＰ）を排出するために、該投入部（２１）から他端に向けて回転するパドル（２２）が、該箱型選別水槽（２０）の開口に長手方向に複数取り付けられ、
該箱型選別水槽（２０）の底部（１９）に、その長手方向にスクリューコンベア (２３)が取り付けられ、沈降分離された重プラスチック粉砕物（ＨＰ）を前記排出機（６）へ搬送するように構成した、ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２の金属を含む廃プラスチック類の選別設備。 The flowing water-type specific gravity sorter (5) has an input part (21) of light and heavy plastics (LP, HP) at one end in the longitudinal direction of a box-type sorting water tank (20) having a downwardly cylindrical bottom (19). )
In order to discharge the light plastic pulverized material (LP), a plurality of paddles (22) rotating from the charging portion (21) toward the other end are attached to the opening of the box-shaped sorting water tank (20) in the longitudinal direction. ,
A screw conveyor (23) is attached to the bottom (19) of the box-shaped sorting water tank (20) in the longitudinal direction thereof, and the heavy plastic pulverized material (HP) separated and separated is conveyed to the discharger (6). The sorting equipment for waste plastics containing metal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
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| CN115066466A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2022-09-16 | 伊士曼化工公司 | Processed waste plastic material |
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