JP6626094B2 - 腎線維症を抑制するためのジンセノサイドm1の使用 - Google Patents
腎線維症を抑制するためのジンセノサイドm1の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6626094B2 JP6626094B2 JP2017512092A JP2017512092A JP6626094B2 JP 6626094 B2 JP6626094 B2 JP 6626094B2 JP 2017512092 A JP2017512092 A JP 2017512092A JP 2017512092 A JP2017512092 A JP 2017512092A JP 6626094 B2 JP6626094 B2 JP 6626094B2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
- A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
- A61K31/704—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/44—Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides
Description
1.1 動物モデルおよび実験プロトコル
UUO(片側尿管閉塞)動物モデル
オスの8週齢のC57BL/6マウスを、国立実験動物飼育研究センター(National Laboratory Animal Breeding and Research Center)(台北、台湾)から購入し、国防医療センター(National Defense Medical Center)(台北、台湾)の動物センターで維持した。全ての動物実験は、国防医療センター(National Defense Medical Center)(台湾)の動物実験委員会(Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee)の承認を得て行われ、実験動物のケアおよび使用のための国立衛生研究所(National Institutes of Health)のガイドラインと一致していた。
台湾特許出願第094116005(I280982)号明細書および米国特許第7,932,057号に記載されているような当該技術分野で公知の方法により、ジンセノサイドM1である、20−O−β−D−グルコピラノシル−20(S)−プロトパナキサジオール(以下、LCHK168と称する)を調製した。LCHK168を3%のクレモフォア(cremophore)(Sigma−Aldrich)に溶解した。UUO操作の1日前から開始して、屠殺するまで腹腔内注射によってマウスにLCHK168(30mg/kg)の1日用量を与えた。
パラフィン包埋した腎臓組織を切片にし、標準的なプロトコルを使用してマッソントリクロームならびにヘマトキシリンおよびエオシン(H&E)で染色した。組織病理に関して、組織を10%の緩衝ホルマリンで固定し、パラフィンに包埋し、次いで切片(3μm)を調製し、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシン(H&E)で染色した。
IHCに関して、ホルマリン固定およびパラフィン包埋組織切片を、DAKO抗体希釈緩衝液(DAKO、Glostrup、デンマーク)中で希釈した、PCNA(Santa Cruz Biotechnology、Santa Cruz、CA、USA)、CD3(DAKO、Glostrup、Denmark)、α−SMA(Thermo Fisher Scietific、Waltham、Massachusetts、USA)、コラーゲンIII、コラーゲンIV(両方、SouthernBiotech製、Birmingham、AL、USA)、F4/80(単球/マクロファージ;Serotec、Raleigh、NC、USA)、ホスホ−NF−κB p65(pNF−κB p65;Cell Signaling Technology、Beverly、MA、USA)に対する抗体と共に4℃にて一晩、次いで、同じ緩衝液中の西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)結合二次抗体(DAKO)または抗ウサギポリマー−HRP(BioGenex、Fremont、CA、USA)と共に室温にて1時間インキュベートし、次いでDAB(BioGenex)を加えた。ヘマトキシリンを使用して核を対比染色した。アポトーシスの検出のために、末端デオキシヌクレオチジルトランスフェラーゼ媒介dUTPニックエンド標識(TUNEL)を使用した。ホルマリン固定組織切片を、製造業者の指示書に従ってApopTag Plus Peroxidase In Situ Apoptosis検出キット(Chemicon、Temecula、CA、USA)を使用して染色した。α−SMA、コラーゲンIII、コラーゲンIVの存在度またはリン酸化NF−κB p65+、PCNA+、F4/80+、CD3+およびアポトーシス細胞の数を、Pax−It定量的画像解析ソフトウェア(Paxcam)によって皮質領域の尿細管間質区画の400倍の倍率のランダムに選択した領域で計測した。
マウス由来の脾細胞をトリス緩衝化塩化アンモニウムで処理して赤血球を除去し、洗浄し、10%ウシ胎仔血清、Hepes緩衝液、L−グルタミン、およびペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(全てInvitrogen/Life Technologies製、Grand Island、NY、USA)を補足したRPMI1640培地中で再懸濁した。次いで、T細胞についてFITC結合抗マウスCD3抗体(17A2)、B細胞について抗マウスCD19抗体(1D3)、およびフィコエリトリン結合抗マウスCD69抗体(H1.2F3;全てBD Biosciences製の抗体)を使用して、TまたはB細胞の表面マーカーについて細胞を染色した。骨髄細胞分析のために、マウス由来の骨髄を記載(Takeshita Sら、2014)の通りに単離し、マウスSca−1(BD Biosciences)またはCD34(eBioscience、San Diego、CA、USA)に対する抗体で染色した。フローサイトメトリー分析を、FACSCalibur(BD Biosciences)を使用して行った。
3μmの腎切片を75℃で15分間インキュベートする。上のスライドをキシレン(xyline)および勾配アルコールに移す。媒染剤を、ヘマトキシリンで1分間染色した後、スライド上に載せる。0.75%のオレンジG溶液、マッソン染色溶液B、2.5%のホスホタングステン酸溶液、およびアニリンブルー染色溶液で染色した後、スライドを1%の酢酸で2回洗浄し、アラビアゴムでマウントする。数分間空気乾燥させ、染色切片を光学顕微鏡上で検査する。
尿試料を29Gインスリン注射器によって腎杯および骨盤から採取する。正常対照として、尿を代謝ケージによって採取する。次いで、MCP−1、TNF−αおよびIL−1βを、取扱説明書(eBioscienceおよびR&D)に従ってELISAによって検出する。簡潔には、捕捉抗体を96ウェルプレート中で一晩被覆する。PBSTで洗浄した後、ブロッキング緩衝液、試料、検出抗体、アビジン−HRPを順に充填する。TMB基質ステップ後に発色し、次いで2NのH2SO4を加えて反応を停止させる。最後に、O.D.450nmを測定する。
値は平均±SDである。2つの群間の比較はスチューデントのt検定を使用して行った。P値<0.05は統計的に有意であるとみなした。
2.1 実験UUOモデルの確立
実験は8〜10週齢のC57BL/6マウスで行った。マウスを疑似対照、疾患対照およびLCHK168治療群にランダムに分け、7または14日間のUUO後に屠殺した。UUO腎臓の骨盤内の尿の保持が観察され、UUOモデルが首尾よく確立されたことが示された。図1Aおよび図1Bを参照のこと。
腎臓組織を採取し、固定し、H&E染色を行った。図2に示すように、7日目のUUOにおいて、疾患対照マウスは間質領域において顕著な単核白血球浸潤および尿細管拡張を示し、この組織病理はLCHK168投与によって抑制された。14日目のUUOにおいて、線維化および尿細管萎縮が観察され、それらはLCHK168投与後に顕著に抑制される。
UUO腎臓において、尿の保持によって引き起こされる機械的ストレス、ならびにストレスに対する応答としての腎細胞によるサイトカインおよびROS放出は、細胞の損傷を引き起こし、これにより、細胞の自己複製またはアポトーシス反応をもたらす。アポトーシス細胞について腎切片のTUNNEL染色により、UUO腎間質領域が示され、LCHK168投与後に減少した。図3Aを参照のこと。
UUO腎臓において、線維症は腎組織損傷に対する不適応反応であり、閉塞が持続する場合、不可逆的な腎機能不全に発展する。マッソントリクローム染色による腎切片の組織化学的染色は、偽対照と比較してUUO間質領域において線維化組織の顕著な増加を示し、LCHK168投与後に減少した。図4Aを参照のこと。さらなる検査をα−SMA、コラーゲンIII及びIVについて腎切片の免疫組織化学的染色によって実施し、それらはUUO間質領域で強く発現し、LCHK168投与後に減少した。図4B〜Eを参照のこと。得られたこれらのデータにより、LCHK168が腎間質における筋線維芽細胞の活性化および腎線維症を改善し得ることが示された。
2.5.1 腎組織におけるNF−κBの発現
NF−κBは、サイトカインおよび細胞接着分子のその刺激のための炎症関連因子の調節についての必須の核転写因子である。以前の研究により、NF−κBの発現レベルが、腎疾患を含む様々な炎症性障害において上昇することが示された。NF−κBについての腎切片の免疫組織化学的染色により、NF−κB発現の増加が示され、LCHK168投与後に抑制された。図5を参照のこと。このデータにより、LCHK168がUUO腎臓においてNF−κBを抑制し得ることが示された。
以前の研究により、炎症細胞がUUOの病因において重要な役割を果たすことが示された。単核白血球、特にマクロファージおよびTリンパ球の浸潤は、UUOの初期段階で観察することができる。閉塞が持続すると、活性化された炎症細胞は尿細管上皮細胞または他の炎症細胞を刺激して様々なサイトカインおよびケモカインを放出し、腎間質領域に動員する炎症細胞をより多く引き起こし、腎炎症および線維症を誘発する。単核白血球浸潤の評価を、マクロファージおよびT細胞についてのマーカーである、F4/80およびCD3+について腎切片の免疫組織化学的染色によって実施した。F4/80およびCD3+の発現は、UUO後に増加し、LCHK168投与後に減少した。図6A、6Bを参照のこと。得られたデータにより、LCHK168が腎間質におけるマクロファージおよびT細胞の浸潤を予防し得ることが示された。
初期段階で、サイトカインおよびケモカインは腎臓において局所的に放出され、免疫細胞を動員することができる。次いで、動員された免疫細胞はますます炎症因子を放出する。腎盂においてMCP−1、TNF−α、およびIL−1βが検出される。UUOおよびUUO+LCHK群の両方は、7日目に正常対照群と比較して、より高度にMCP−1、TNF−αおよびIL−1βを発現する。しかし、これらのサイトカインおよびケモカインのレベルは、UUO群と比較してUUO+LCHK群で14日目に有意に減少した。図は、LCHK168が尿中のMCP−1、TNF−αおよびIL−1βレベルを有意に減少させ得ることを示している。
2.6.1 BおよびTリンパ球の活性化
LCHK168が、全身細胞性免疫の抑制を介して局所炎症および線維化を予防するかどうかを検査するために、フローサイトメトリーによって脾細胞におけるB細胞およびT細胞活性化を検査した。図8Aおよび図8Bに示すように、3つの群内でCD3+CD69+(活性化パンB)の割合に有意な変化はなく、CD19+CD69+(活性化パンT)も変化はなかった。得られたデータにより、UUOによって引き起こされる腎症は、全身細胞性免疫にほとんど影響を及ぼさない可能性があり、LCHK168は、全身細胞性免疫の抑制を介して局所炎症および線維化を予防しない可能性があることが示された。
LCHK 168が、造血幹細胞の活性化の抑制を介して局所炎症および線維化を予防するかどうかを検査するために、フローサイトメトリーによって骨髄細胞における幹細胞および造血幹細胞の活性化を検査した。図9Aおよび9Bに示すように、3つの群内で幹細胞抗原−1−陽性細胞(造血幹細胞)およびCD34+(幹細胞)細胞の割合に有意な変化はなかった。得られたデータにより、UUOによって引き起こされた腎症が造血幹細胞活性にほとんど影響を与えず、LCHK168が造血幹細胞活性の抑制を介して局所炎症および線維化を予防しない可能性があることが示された。
Claims (15)
- 有効量のジンセノサイドM1を含む腎線維症抑制剤であって、前記抑制剤を必要とする対象に投与される抑制剤。
- 非経口又は腸経路によって投与するための、請求項1に記載の抑制剤。
- 1日10mg/kg〜1,000mg/kgの投与量で投与するための、請求項1に記載の抑制剤。
- 少なくとも5日間連日投与するための、請求項1に記載の抑制剤。
- 前記対象が閉塞性腎疾患を有する患者である、請求項1に記載の抑制剤。
- 前記ジンセノサイドM1が、前記対象における、単核白血球浸潤、尿細管拡張、尿細管萎縮、尿細管上皮細胞の増殖、線維芽細胞または筋線維芽細胞の活性化、およびコラーゲン沈着からなる群から選択される1つまたは複数の症状または状態を減少または軽減させるのに有効な量で投与される、請求項1に記載の抑制剤。
- 前記ジンセノサイドM1が、前記対象の腎間質における単核白血球浸潤または線維症を減少または軽減させるのに有効な量で投与される、請求項1に記載の抑制剤。
- 閉塞性腎疾患を有する対象を診断または同定した後に投与される、請求項1に記載の抑制剤。
- 必要とする対象における腎線維症を抑制するための医薬を製造するためのジンセノサイドM1の使用。
- 前記医薬が非経口又は腸経路によって投与される、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が1日10mg/kg〜1,000mg/kgの投与量で投与される、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が少なくとも5日間連日投与される、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 前記対象が閉塞性腎疾患を有する患者である、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が、前記対象における、単核白血球浸潤、尿細管拡張、尿細管萎縮、尿細管上皮細胞の増殖、線維芽細胞または筋線維芽細胞の活性化、およびコラーゲン沈着からなる群から選択される1つまたは複数の症状または状態を減少または軽減させるのに有効である、請求項9に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が、前記対象の腎間質における単核白血球浸潤または線維症を減少または軽減させるのに有効である、請求項9に記載の使用。
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