JP6623756B2 - 電極材料、電極及び蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
電極材料、電極及び蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6623756B2 JP6623756B2 JP2015534131A JP2015534131A JP6623756B2 JP 6623756 B2 JP6623756 B2 JP 6623756B2 JP 2015534131 A JP2015534131 A JP 2015534131A JP 2015534131 A JP2015534131 A JP 2015534131A JP 6623756 B2 JP6623756 B2 JP 6623756B2
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OCCCCCC[C@]1(C(=O)[O-])CO1 RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
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Description
したがって、本発明の課題は、高容量且つサイクル特性が良好な蓄電デバイスを得ることができる、電極材料を提供することにある。
電極材料
本電極材料は、リチウム吸蔵能のある金属等からなる固相Aと、前記固相Aを形成する材料よりリチウム吸蔵能の低い金属等からなる固相Bを含有し、X線回折スペクトルにおける各固相を形成する材料の第一ピークより求めた前記固相Bの結晶子サイズLBと前記固相Aの結晶子サイズLAとの比LB/LAが1.00以上であることを特徴とする。
本電極材料が、このような粒子状の固相A及び固相Bを含む場合、特に、固相A及び固相Bからなる粒子を含む場合、これらの粒子は、前記炭素材料中に微分散していることがサイクル特性に優れる蓄電デバイスを得ることができる等の点から好ましく、その粒子径は好ましくは10〜500nmである。
本発明の電極は、本電極材料を含有し、通常、集電体上に本電極材料及びバインダー等を含有する活物質層が形成されてなる。前記活物質層は、通常、本電極材料及びバインダー等を含有するスラリーを調製し、これを集電体上に塗布し、乾燥させることにより製造することができる。
本電極材料は、単独で又は2種以上を用いることができる。
集電体の厚みは、正負極どちらであっても、通常10〜50μmである。
バインダーの使用量は、特に限定されないが、本電極材料に対して、好ましくは1〜20質量%である。
また、前記活物質層の密度は、リチウムイオン二次電池に用いる電極である場合、好ましくは1.50〜2.00g/ccであり、特に好ましくは1.60〜1.90g/ccである。活物質層の密度がかかる範囲にあると、電解液の保液性と本電極材料の接触抵抗とのバランスが良いため、高容量で且つ低抵抗な蓄電デバイスを提供することができる。
本発明の蓄電デバイスは、本発明の電極を負極として備えてなる。蓄電デバイスとしては、例えば、二次電池、リチウムイオンキャパシタが挙げられる。本発明においては、本発明の電極を負極として備えてなるリチウムイオン二次電池であることが好ましい。
本発明の蓄電デバイスがリチウムイオンキャパシタである場合、用いられる正極活物質としては、例えば、活性炭、ポリアセン系物質を挙げることができる。一方、本発明の蓄電デバイスがリチウムイオン二次電池である場合、用いられる正極活物質としては、例えば、リチウムコバルト酸化物、リチウムニッケル酸化物、リチウムマンガン酸化物等のリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物、二酸化マンガン等の遷移金属酸化物、フッ化黒鉛等の炭素質材料を挙げることができる。これらの正極活物質は、単独で又は2種以上を使用することができる。
パナティカル(株)製MagixPROを用いて、得られた電極材料の蛍光X線分析を行い、得られた電極材料に含まれる各元素の含有率(質量%)を求めた。検量線標準試料として各金属の酸化物を用いた。この分析で用いる試料としては、得られた電極材料や金属の酸化物をNaClで希釈し、さらに油圧プレスで成形した錠剤を用いた。
(株)リガク製SmartLabを用いて、表1に示す条件で、得られた電極材料のX線回折分析を行った。得られたX線回折スペクトルにおいて、Snの第一ピークである、2θ=30.5°付近に認められる(200)面のピークと、CoSn2の第一ピークである、2θ=35.5°付近のピークの半値幅から、それぞれの結晶子サイズを算出した。
得られた電極材料0.30g、アセチレンブラック0.017g、カルボキシメチルセルロース3%水溶液0.342g、蒸留水0.30g、及びポリアクリル酸バインダー0.046gを混合し、スラリーを調製した。得られたスラリーを厚さ10μmのCu箔に塗布し、100℃で1時間予備乾燥した後、減圧下200℃で3時間乾燥し、厚さ30μmの活物質層が形成された負極板を得た。得られた負極板を12mm径にカットした。グローブボックス内にて、円形にカットした負極板、25mm径のセパレータ、及び12.5mm径にカットしたLi箔をこの順で重ね合わせ、東洋システム(株)製2極セルに配置した。得られたセル中に、電解液として、1.2MのLiPF6のエチレンカーボネート/ジエチルカーボネート=30/70(体積比)溶液を適量添加した後、減圧脱泡し、評価用セルを完成させた。
セパラブルフラスコにSnCl2 9.4g、CoCl2・6H2O 2.8g、メタノール10g、石炭の溶剤抽出物3.0g及びN−メチル−2−ピロリドン80gを加え、攪拌し、均一化した。なお、本実施例及び以下の試験例で用いた石炭の溶剤抽出物は、特開2007−142204号公報の実施例を参考にして製造した。
実施例1において、各原料の仕込み量を表3に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして本電極材料を製造した。
ナスフラスコにジ(2−エチルヘキサン酸)スズ4.7g、Co(III)アセチルアセトナート1.2g、石炭の溶剤抽出物1.6g及びN−メチル−2−ピロリドン13.6gを加え、3時間磁気攪拌を行った。90℃、10mmHgの条件下でN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを除去することにより、茶色粉末を得た。得られた茶色粉末を、実施例1と同様にして加熱、粉砕することにより本電極材料を製造した。
実施例4において、各原料の仕込み量を表3に示すように変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして本電極材料を製造した。
ナスフラスコにジ(2−エチルヘキサン酸)スズ3.7g、石炭の溶剤抽出物3.5g及びN−メチル−2−ピロリドン37.4gを加え、3時間磁気攪拌を行った。90℃、10mmHgの条件下でN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを除去することにより、茶色粉末を得た。得られた茶色粉末を、実施例1と同様にして加熱、粉砕することにより電極材料を製造した。
実施例1において、各原料の仕込み量を表3に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして電極材料を製造した。
セパラブルフラスコにSnCl2 1.2g、CoCl2・6H2O 9.7g、Si粉末3.4g、メタノール34g、石炭の溶剤抽出物4.3g及びN−メチル−2−ピロリドン80gを加え、攪拌し、均一化した。
Claims (3)
- リチウム吸蔵能のある金属、半金属又はそれらの酸化物からなる固相Aと、前記固相Aを形成する材料よりリチウム吸蔵能の低い金属、半金属又はそれらの酸化物からなる固相Bと、炭素材料からなる固相とを含有する電極材料粒子であって、
前記固相Aが、Si、Sn、Si若しくはSnを含む合金、又はSi若しくはSnの酸化物からなり、
前記固相Bが、Ti、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、これらの元素を含む合金、又はSi若しくはSnの酸化物からなり、
X線回折スペクトルにおける各固相を形成する材料の第一ピークより求めた前記固相Bの結晶子サイズLBと前記固相Aの結晶子サイズLAとの比LB/LAが1.00以上、2.20以下であり、
固相Aからなる粒子と固相Bからなる粒子とが、又は、固相A及び固相Bからなる粒子が、炭素材料中に微分散している、電極材料粒子。 - 請求項1に記載の電極材料粒子を含有する電極。
- 請求項2に記載の電極を負極として備えてなる蓄電デバイス。
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