JP6622090B2 - 発光サファイアをダウンコンバータとして使用するled - Google Patents
発光サファイアをダウンコンバータとして使用するled Download PDFInfo
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- JP6622090B2 JP6622090B2 JP2015552166A JP2015552166A JP6622090B2 JP 6622090 B2 JP6622090 B2 JP 6622090B2 JP 2015552166 A JP2015552166 A JP 2015552166A JP 2015552166 A JP2015552166 A JP 2015552166A JP 6622090 B2 JP6622090 B2 JP 6622090B2
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- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 146
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 title claims description 146
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
- H01L33/502—Wavelength conversion materials
- H01L33/504—Elements with two or more wavelength conversion materials
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- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
- H01L33/0075—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds comprising nitride compounds
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- H01L33/0095—Post-treatment of devices, e.g. annealing, recrystallisation or short-circuit elimination
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/025—Physical imperfections, e.g. particular concentration or distribution of impurities
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
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- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
- H01L33/0066—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
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Description
サファイアは、ここでは、単結晶の形態にある酸化アルミニウムコランダム(鋼玉)を呼ぶものである。主たる化学組成はAl2O3である。サファイアは、ドーパント及び不純物として他の元素を含有することができるが、依然としてサファイアであると見なされる。サファイアの単結晶は典型的にチョクラルスキープロセスのバリエーションを用いて成長される。
・F中心は、2つの電子を捕捉(トラップ)した酸素空孔である。
・F+中心は、1つの電子を捕捉した酸素空孔である。
・F(Mg)中心は、それを囲む1つ又は幾つかのMgカチオンが存在するF中心である。
・F+(Mg)中心は、それを囲む1つ又は幾つかのMgカチオンが存在するF+中心である。
・Fライク中心を囲むMgカチオンの存在は、吸収及び発光のシフトをもたらす。
・F2中心は、2つのF中心のクラスターである。
・F2 +中心は、1つのF+中心と1つのF中心とのクラスターである。
・F2 +(2Mg)中心は、それを囲む2つのMgカチオンが存在する1つのF2 +中心のクラスターである。
・F2 2+中心は、2つのF+中心のクラスターである。
・F2 2+(2Mg)中心は、それを囲む2つのMgカチオンが存在する1つのF2 +中心のクラスターである。
F2 +(2Mg)+hν330 → F2 2+(2Mg)+その他のセンター (式2)。
第1の実施形態において、蛍光体粉末を用いることに代えて、あるいは加えて、発光サファイアが粉末形態で使用される。この第1の実施形態の一例が、図5及び6によって表されている。
青色吸収/緑色発光するF2 2+(2Mg)中心に富んだ(リッチな)発光サファイアが、20−40μmの範囲内の特定のサイズへと研削されてふるいにかけられる。その粉末が、得られるdcLEDの色点を暖白色である3000Kの色温度にさせるような比率で、シリコーン及び赤色蛍光体と混合される。使用されるシリコーンは、透明であるとともに、好ましくは、1.50より高い屈折率を有する。使用される赤色蛍光体は、例えば、蛍光体ファミリー(Ca,Sr)AlSiN3:Eu又は蛍光体ファミリー(Ba,Sr)Si5N8:Euのメンバーである。シリコーンスラリーと、発光サファイア粉末と、赤色蛍光体とが均一に混ぜ合わされて、ダウンコンバータミクスチャ(図6中の層30)が形成される。所望の暖白色dcLEDを作り出すため、このミクスチャが一次青色源(例えば、440−460nmの間のピーク波長を放出する青色発光GaNベースLEDダイ)とインテグレーションされる。これらのダイは、薄膜フリップチップ技術に基づくことができ、InGaN/GaNのpnジャンクションを有し得る。他のタイプのLEDが使用されてもよい。
図8及び9に示す第2の実施形態においては、発光サファイアが、一次光源の頂面に取り付けられるプリフォームされた単結晶タイルとしてインテグレーションされる。
第3の実施形態においては、発光サファイアが、図10及び11に例示されるように、その上にLED半導体層がエピタキシャル成長される成長基板として使用される。
1.Akselrod,M.S.等, New aluminum oxide single crystals for volumetric optical data storage, Optical Data Storage 2003, Optical data storage, SPIE, 2003, 5069, 244-251
2.Akselrod,M.S.等, Fluorescent aluminum oxide crystals for volumetric optical data storage and imaging applications, J. Fluoresc, 2003, 13, 503-511
3.Akselrod,M.S.及びAkselrod,A.E, New Al2O3:C,Mg crystals for radiophotoluminescent dosimetry and optical imaging, Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, 2006, 779, 218-221
4.Ramirez,R.等, Electroluminescence in magnesium-doped Al2O3 crystals, Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2001, 154, 295-299
5.Ramirez,R.等, Photochromism of vacancy-related defects in thermochemically reduced alpha-Al2O3:Mg single crystals, Applied Physics Letters, AIP, 2005, 86, 081914
6.Ramirez,R.等, Optical properties of vacancies in thermochemically reduced Mg-doped sapphire single crystals, Journal of Applied Physics, AIP, 2007, 707, 123520
7.Sykora,G.等, Novel Al2O3:C,Mg fluorescent nuclear track detectors for passive neutron dosimetry, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2007, 126, 1-4
8.Sykora,G.等, Spectroscopic properties of novel fluorescent nuclear track detectors for high and low LET charged particles, Radiation Measurements, 2008, 43, 422-426
9.Sykora,G.等, Properties of novel fluorescent nuclear track detectors for use in passive neutron dosimetry, Radiation Measurements, 2008, 43, 1017-1023
10.Sykora,G.J.及びAkselrod,M.S., Photoluminescence study of photochromically and radiochromically transformed Al2O3:C,Mg crystals used for fluorescent nuclear track detectors, Radiation Measurements, 2010, 45, 631-634
11.Tardio,M.等, High temperature semiconducting characteristics of magnesium-doped alpha-Al2O3 single crystals, Applied Physics Letters, AIP, 2001, 79, 206-208
12.Tardio,M.等, Electrical conductivity in magnesium-doped Al2O3 crystals at moderate temperatures, Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2001, 155, 409-413
13.Tardio,M.等, Photochromic effect in magnesium-doped alpha-Al2O3 single crystals, Applied Physics Letters, AIP, 2003, 83, 881-883
14.Tardio,M.等, Enhancement of electrical conductivity in alpha-Al2O3 crystals doped with magnesium, Journal of Applied Physics, AIP, 2001, 90, 3942-3951
15.Tardio,M.等, Electrical conductivity in undoped alpha-Al2O3 crystals implanted with Mg ions, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2008, 266, 2932-2935。
Claims (20)
- N型層、一次光を放出する活性層、及びP型層を有する発光ダイオード(LED)半導体層と、
前記LED半導体層の発光面の上に取り付けられた、前記半導体層用の成長基板ではない発光サファイアと
を有し、
前記LED半導体層及び前記発光サファイアはLEDダイの一部を形成し、前記発光サファイアは、所定の光吸収帯及びルミネッセンス発光帯を持つFライク中心を生じさせる酸素空孔を含有し、
前記発光サファイアは、前記Fライク中心を介して、前記一次光の一部を吸収し且つ前記一次光をダウンコンバートして二次光を放出することで、前記LEDダイからの発光が少なくとも前記一次光と前記二次光との組み合わせを含むようにする、
発光デバイス。 - 前記発光サファイアは、バインダと組み合わされて混合物を形成する発光サファイア粒子を有し、前記混合物は、前記LED半導体層の前記発光面の上に配置されている、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記混合物は、前記半導体層の上にラミネートされている、請求項2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記混合物は、前記半導体層の上で成形されている、請求項2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記混合物は、前記LED半導体層のうちの1つの上に直に置かれている、請求項2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記発光サファイアは、前記LED半導体層の前記発光面の上に取り付けられたプリフォームされたタイルを有する、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記タイルは、発光サファイアの単結晶を有する、請求項6に記載のデバイス。
- 前記タイルは、バインダ内の発光サファイア粒子を有する、請求項6に記載のデバイス。
- 前記タイルは、接着層を用いて前記LED半導体層のうちの1つに直に取り付けられている、請求項6に記載のデバイス。
- 前記N型層、前記活性層及び前記P型層は、前記発光サファイアではないサファイア成長基板の上にエピタキシャル成長されている、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 当該デバイスは更に、前記LEDダイの一部として前記LED半導体層の上に位置する蛍光体層を有し、前記LEDダイの発光は、前記一次光、前記発光サファイアからの前記二次光、及び前記蛍光体層からの光を含む、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記発光サファイアは、混合物を形成するようバインダと結合された発光サファイア粒子を有し、前記混合物は、前記LED半導体層の前記発光面の上に配置されており、前記蛍光体は前記混合物の一部である、請求項11に記載のデバイス。
- 前記一次光は青色光であり、前記二次光及び前記蛍光体からの光は緑色及び赤色光を含む、請求項12に記載のデバイス。
- 前記一次光、前記発光サファイアからの前記二次光、及び前記蛍光体層からの前記光が、白色光を作り出す、請求項11に記載のデバイス。
- 一次光を生成する発光ダイオード(LED)半導体層を有するLEDダイを設けるステップと、
前記LED半導体層の発光面の上に、前記半導体層用の成長基板ではない発光サファイア層を取り付けるステップであり、前記発光サファイアは、前記一次光の一部を二次光へとダウンコンバートし、前記LEDダイによって放出される光が少なくとも前記一次光と前記二次光との組み合わせを含むようにされ、前記発光サファイアは、所定の光吸収帯及びルミネッセンス発光帯を持つFライク中心を生じさせる酸素空孔を有する、ステップと、
前記二次光の特徴を調節するため、レーザを用いて、前記LEDダイ内の前記発光サファイア層を調整するステップと、
を有する方法。 - 前記LEDダイが形成された後に、前記発光サファイアの発光性を高めるために、前記発光サファイアをアニールすることによって前記LEDダイ内の前記発光サファイアを活性化するステップ、を更に有する請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記発光サファイアは、混合物を形成するバインダ内の発光サファイア粒子を有し、前記混合物は、前記LED半導体層の前記発光面の上に配置される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 蛍光体粒子も前記混合物に含められる、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記発光サファイアは、前記LED半導体層の前記発光面の上に取り付けられるプリフォームされたタイルを有する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 当該方法は更に、前記LED半導体層の上に蛍光体層を配置するステップを有し、前記一次光、前記発光サファイアからの前記二次光、及び前記蛍光体層からの光が、白色光を作り出す、請求項15に記載の方法。
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US61/831,244 | 2013-06-05 | ||
PCT/IB2014/058016 WO2014111822A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 | 2014-01-02 | Led using luminescent sapphire as down-converter |
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