JP6621469B2 - 窒素含有ハイドロフルオロエーテルを含む作動流体 - Google Patents
窒素含有ハイドロフルオロエーテルを含む作動流体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6621469B2 JP6621469B2 JP2017515967A JP2017515967A JP6621469B2 JP 6621469 B2 JP6621469 B2 JP 6621469B2 JP 2017515967 A JP2017515967 A JP 2017515967A JP 2017515967 A JP2017515967 A JP 2017515967A JP 6621469 B2 JP6621469 B2 JP 6621469B2
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrofluoroether
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- working fluid
- present disclosure
- hfe
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 94
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 142
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 34
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- GTTNEKBQWFCAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1(C(N(C(C(O1)(F)F)(F)F)C(C(OC)(F)F)F)(F)F)F Chemical compound FC1(C(N(C(C(O1)(F)F)(F)F)C(C(OC)(F)F)F)(F)F)F GTTNEKBQWFCAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/02—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/04—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C217/26—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having etherified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one etherified hydroxy group and one amino group bound to the carbon skeleton, which is further substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
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- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/01—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C211/02—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C211/15—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
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- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D265/30—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
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- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/20—Diluents or solvents
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- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
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- C09K5/048—Boiling liquids as heat transfer materials
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
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- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
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Description
本開示は、窒素含有ハイドロフルオロエーテル、並びにその製造方法及び使用方法に関する。
様々なハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物が、例えば、米国特許公開第2007/0051916号、米国特許公開第2007/0054186号、並びにJean’ne M.Shreeve,et.al.,Z.Anorg.Allg.Chem.,621(1995)1865〜1874に記載されている。
いくつかの実施形態において、ハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を提供する。ハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物は、以下の一般式(1)により表わされる。
[式中、nは1〜2であり、Rf1及びRf2の各々の表わすもの(occurrence)は、
(i)独立して、1〜8個の炭素原子を有する、直鎖又は分枝鎖ペルフルオロアルキル基であって、場合により1個以上の鎖状に連結された(catenated)ヘテロ原子を含むもの、又は、
(ii)互いに結合して、4〜8個の炭素原子を有する、環状構造を形成するものであって、場合により1個以上の鎖状に連結されたヘテロ原子を含むものであり、
Rfhは、n=1であるとき、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する、置換又は非置換の一価の炭化水素基であって、場合により1つ以上の鎖状に連結する(catenary)ヘテロ原子を含み、n=2であるとき、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する、置換又は非置換の二価の炭化水素基であって、場合により1個以上の鎖状に連結するヘテロ原子を含む。]。
環境に優しい低毒性化合物の需要漸増にかんがみて、環境への影響及び毒性の更なる減少を示し、様々な異なる用途(例えば、伝熱、溶媒洗浄、堆積コーティングの溶媒、及び電解質の溶媒、並びに添加剤)の性能要件(例えば、不燃性、溶解能、及び動作温度範囲)を満たすことができ、費用効率良く製造することができる、新たな作動流体が現在必要とされていることが認められる。
1.以下の一般式(1)で表される、ハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物。
[式中、nは1〜2であり、Rf1及びRf2の各々の表わすものは、
(i)独立して、1〜8個の炭素原子を有する、直鎖又は分枝鎖ペルフルオロアルキル基であって、場合により1個以上の鎖状に連結されたヘテロ原子を含むもの、又は、
(ii)互いに結合して、4〜8個の炭素原子を有する環状構造を形成するものであって、場合により1個以上の連結されたヘテロ原子を含むものであり、
Rfhは、n=1であるとき、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する、置換又は非置換の一価の炭化水素基であって、場合により1つ以上の鎖状に連結するヘテロ原子を含み、n=2であるとき、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する、置換又は非置換の二価の炭化水素基であって、場合により1個以上のカテナリーヘテロ原子を含む。]。
2.Rf1及びRf2の各々の表わすものが、
(i)独立して、1〜4個の炭素原子を有する直鎖又は分枝鎖ペルフルオロアルキル基であって、場合により1個以上の連結されたヘテロ原子を含むもの、又は、
(ii)互いに結合して、4〜6個の炭素原子を有する環状構造を形成するものであって、場合により1個以上の連結されたヘテロ原子を含むものである、実施形態1に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物。
3.Rfhがハロゲン原子により置換されている、実施形態1又は2に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物。
4.Rfhがフッ素原子で置換されている、実施形態1〜3のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物。
5.かかるハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物が、少なくとも60%のフッ素化度を有する、実施形態1〜4のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物。
7.(a)実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物と、
(b)1種以上のハイドロフルオロカーボン、ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン、ペルフルオロカーボン、ペルフルオロポリエーテル、ハイドロフルオロエーテル、ハイドロフルオロポリエーテル、クロロフルオロカーボン、ブロモフルオロカーボン、ブロモクロロフルオロカーボン、ヨードフルオロカーボン、ハイドロブロモフルオロカーボン、フッ素化ケトン、ハイドロブロモカーボン、フッ素化オレフィン、ハイドロフルオロオレフィン、フッ素化スルホン、フッ素化ビニルエーテル、及びそれらの混合物を含む、少なくとも1つの共消火剤と、を含み、
(a)及び(b)が、火を抑制する又は消火するのに十分な量で存在する、消火組成物。
8.(a)及び(b)が、約9:1〜約1:9までの重量比である、実施形態7に記載の消火組成物。
9.実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を含む消火組成物を火に適用することと、
火を抑制することと、を含む、消火方法。
10.かかる消火組成物が、1種以上のハイドロフルオロカーボン、ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン、ペルフルオロカーボン、ペルフルオロポリエーテル、ハイドロフルオロエーテル、ハイドロフルオロポリエーテル、クロロフルオロカーボン、ブロモフルオロカーボン、ブロモクロロフルオロカーボン、ヨードフルオロカーボン、ハイドロブロモフルオロカーボン、フッ素化ケトン、ハイドロブロモカーボン、フッ素化オレフィン、ハイドロフルオロオレフィン、フッ素化スルホン、フッ素化ビニルエーテル、及びそれらの混合物を含む少なくとも1つの共消火剤、を更に含む、実施形態9に記載の消火方法。
作動流体と、
かかる作動流体を気化して、気化作動流体を形成する熱源と、
かかる気化作動流体が通され、それによって熱エネルギーを工学的エネルギーに変換するタービンと、
かかる気化作動流体を、タービンに通した後、冷却するためのコンデンサと、
かかる作動流体を再循環させるためのポンプと、を含み、
作動流体が、実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を含む、装置。
12.ランキンサイクルにおいて熱エネルギーを工学的エネルギーに変換するプロセスであって、
作動流体を熱源で気化させることで、気化作動流体を形成することと、
かかる気化作動流体をタービンに通して膨張させることと、
冷却源を使用してかかる気化作動流体を冷却して、凝縮された作動流体を形成することと、
かかる凝縮された作動流体をポンプ輸送することと、を含み、
作動流体が、実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を含む、プロセス。
13.廃熱を回収するプロセスであって、
廃熱を生成するプロセスと連通している熱交換器に液体作動流体を通すことで、気化作動流体を生成することと、
かかる気化作動流体をかかる熱交換器から取り出すことと、
かかる気化作動流体を、廃熱が工学的エネルギーに変換される膨張器に通すことと、
かかる気化作動流体を、タービンに通した後、冷却することと、を含み、
作動流体が、実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を含む、プロセス。
14.発泡剤と、発泡性ポリマー又はその前駆体組成物と、成核剤と、を含む、発泡性組成物であって、
かかる成核剤が、実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を含む、発泡性組成物。
15.かかる成核剤及びかかる発泡剤が、1:2未満のモル比である、実施形態14に記載の発泡性組成物。
16.かかる発泡剤が、約5〜約7個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族炭化水素、約5〜約7個の炭素原子を有する環式脂肪族炭化水素、炭化水素エステル、水、又はそれらの組み合わせを含む、実施形態14〜15のいずれか一形態に記載の発泡性組成物。
17.ポリマー発泡体を調製するプロセスであって、
少なくとも1つの発泡性ポリマー若しくはその前駆体組成物、及び成核剤の存在下で、少なくとも1つの液体若しくは気体発泡剤を気化させる又は少なくとも1つの気体発泡剤を発生させること、を含み、
かかる成核剤が、実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を含む、プロセス。
18.実施形態14〜16のいずれか一形態に記載の発泡性組成物から製造された発泡体。
19.実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を含む、誘電体流体を含む、デバイスであって、
かかるデバイスが、電気デバイスである、デバイス。
20.かかる電気デバイスが、ガス絶縁回路遮断器、電流遮断機器、ガス絶縁送電線、ガス絶縁変圧器、又はガス絶縁変電所を含む、実施形態15に記載のデバイス。
22.かかる第2の誘電性ガスが不活性ガスを含む、実施形態21に記載のデバイス。
23.かかる第2の誘電性ガスが、窒素、ヘリウム、アルゴン、又は二酸化炭素を含む、実施形態22に記載のデバイス。
24.実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を含む溶媒組成物と、
かかる溶媒組成物に可溶性又は分散性であるコーティング材料と、を含む、コーティング組成物。
25.かかるコーティング材料が、顔料、潤滑剤、安定剤、接着剤、酸化防止剤、染料、ポリマー、医薬、離型剤、無機酸化物を含む、実施形態24に記載のコーティング組成物。
26.かかるコーティング材料が、ペルフルオロポリエーテル、炭化水素、シリコーン潤滑剤、テトラフルオロエチレンのコポリマー、又はポリテトラフルオロエチレンを含む、実施形態24に記載の組成物。
27.実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物と、
共溶媒と、を含む、洗浄組成物。
28.かかるハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物が、フッ素化化合物と共溶媒との総重量に基づき、かかる組成物の50重量パーセントより多い、実施形態27に記載の組成物。
29.かかる共溶媒が、アルコール類、エーテル類、アルカン、アルケン、ハロアルケン、ペルフルオロカーボン、ペルフッ素化三級アミン、ペルフルオロエーテル、シクロアルカン、エステル、ケトン、芳香族、ハロ芳香族、シロキサン、ハイドロクロロカーボン、ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン、ハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィン、ハイドロフルオロオレフィン、ハイドロフルオロカーボン、又はそれらの混合物を含む、実施形態27又は28に記載の組成物。
30.実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物と、界面活性剤と、を含む、洗浄組成物。
32.かかる界面活性剤が、エトキシ化アルコール、エトキシ化アルキルフェノール、エトキシ化脂肪酸、アルキルアリールスルホネート、グリセロールエステル、エトキシ化フルオロアルコール、フッ素化スルホンアミド、又はそれらの混合物を含む、ノニオン性界面活性剤を含む、実施形態30又は31に記載の組成物。
33.基材から汚染物質を除去するプロセスであって、
基材を、実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載のハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物及び共溶媒を含む組成物と、接触させる工程を含む、プロセス。
34.実施形態1〜5のいずれか一形態に記載の少なくとも1つのハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を含む溶媒組成物と、電解質塩と、を含む、電解質組成物。
以下の一般的な方法により、以下の実施例を調製した。
粉末K2CO3と、無水CH3CNと、ペルフルオロ−ビニルアミンと、アルコール試薬とを、記載の順に7mLのガラス製バイアルに入れた(空気中)。小型の撹拌子を入れた後、バイアルにはきつく蓋をし、表中に示す温度にて高速撹拌を開始した。最低で4時間撹拌を続けて反応を進行させながら、反応混合物を少量分取し、ニートで注入してのGC−FIDにより、反応の進行を周期的に監視した。反応がほとんど完了していると判断された後、反応溶液をシリンジにより濾過して懸濁固形分を除去し、濾液をGC−MS分析にかけて、暫定的にGC−FIDピーク評価を確認し、生成した主生成物を同定した。次に、この情報を使用して、所望のアルコール付加生成物のGC収量(HFE−水素化物+HFE−オレフィンの合計)と、水素化物/オレフィン比とを計算した。結果を以下の表中に要約し、ペルフッ素化ビニルアミンを様々なアルコール類と反応させると、概して主として所望のHFE−水素化物が高収量で生成し、主な副生成物は対応するHFE−オレフィンであることを示す。HFE−オレフィン副生成物は、上記の実施例に示すとおり、無水フッ化水素での処理により容易に所望のHFE−水素化物に変換される。したがって、これらの反応は、高収量と、HFE−水素化物への選択的経路とを提供する。
−*GC−FIDによる、PF−ビニルアミンの、所望のHFE−水素化物(主生成物)への変換と、HFE−オレフィン(微量生成物)の付加生成物への変換に基づく。
−**GC−FIDピークの相対的面積をもとに求めた、HFE−水素化物のHFE−オレフィンに対する比。
−NAは、GCピークが重複していたために水素化物/オレフィン比を定量できなかったことを意味する。
−収量は最適化されていない。
−二官能性アルコール類の、HOCH2CF2CF2CH2OH、HOCH2CH2OH、HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH、HOCH2CH=CHCH2OH、及びHO(CH2)4OH、について報告する収量は、ビス付加生成物のみについてのものである。
一般的な潤滑剤及び添加剤を含む様々な溶質の最大溶解度を2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6−オクタフルオロ−4−(1,2,2−トリフルオロ−2−メトキシ−エチル)モルホリン溶媒で測定し、3M Company(St.Paul MN.)からいずれも市販の分離型HFE(Novec 7100)及び非分離型HFE(PF−7600)を含む、2種類の市販の不燃性HFE溶媒への同じ溶質の溶解度と比較した。室温で取得したデータを以下の表に要約する。このデータは、2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6−オクタフルオロ−4−(1,2,2−トリフルオロ−2−メトキシ−エチル)モルホリン、すなわち、本発明の窒素含有HFE−水素化物の一つが、試験した溶質の多くについて、同等の、又は優れた溶解度特性を提供し、相対的に極性の溶質に特に良好な溶媒であることを示す。
*50:50の重量比(50重量%)でも十分に可溶性。
リチウムイオン電池電解質に使用される、一般的に使用されるカーボネート系溶媒処方(EC:EMC 3:7(重量比))、及び1.0MのLiPF6(一般的に使用される電解質塩)を含む同様の電解質処方において、本発明の2種類の窒素含有HFE−水素化物の最大溶解度を求めた。2種類の電池電解質処方における、これらの窒素含有HFE−水素化物の溶解度を、これまでに電池電解質共溶媒として研究されている市販の分離型HFEであるNovec−7300の溶解度と比較した。室温にて取得した相対的溶解度のデータを以下の表に要約する。このデータは、本発明の窒素含有HFE−水素化物が、Novec−7300と比較して、これらの相対的に極性の電池電解質処方への顕著に良好な溶解度を有することを示す。したがって、本発明の窒素含有HFE−水素化物は、一般的に使用される電解質処方への溶解度が増大されていることから、向上した処方柔軟性を提供し得る有望な電池電解質共溶媒であると説明される。
ラットにおける、2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6−オクタフルオロ−4−(1,2,2−トリフルオロ−2−メトキシ−エチル)モルホリンの吸入による急性毒性を、動物に5000ppmを4時間投与した後、14日間投与後監視を行い、評価した。動物試験の結果及び被験化合物の蒸気圧(VP)、LC50、No Observable Effect Level(NOEL)(無影響量)、及び急性蒸気ハザード比を評価した。これらの評価を以下の表に要約し、同様の毒性及び蒸気圧(VP)データを入手可能な他の一般的な非分離型HFEと比較する。毒性についてのこれらの標準測定の観点から、2,2,3,3,5,5,6,6−オクタフルオロ−4−(1,2,2−トリフルオロ−2−メトキシ−エチル)モルホリンを他の非分離型HFEと比較すると非常に好ましいものであり、かかる化合物は、試験した材料の中でも最も毒性が低い。
*蒸気ハザード比の参考文献:Popendorf,W.,Am.Ind.Hyg.Assoc.J.45(10),719−726,(1984)
Claims (1)
- 以下の一般式(1)で表される、ハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物を含む、作動流体であって、前記ハイドロフルオロエーテル化合物が、前記作動流体の総重量に基づき、少なくとも50重量%の量で前記作動流体中に存在する、作動流体。
[式中、nは1〜2であり、
Rf1及びRf2の各々の表わすものは、
(i)独立して、1〜8個の炭素原子を有する、直鎖又は分枝鎖ペルフルオロアルキル基であって、場合により1個以上の鎖状に連結されたヘテロ原子を含むものであるか、又は、
(ii)互いに結合して、4〜8個の炭素原子を有する環状構造を形成するものであって、場合により1個以上の鎖状に連結されたヘテロ原子を含むものであり、
Rfhは、n=1であるとき、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する、置換又は非置換の一価の炭化水素基であって、場合により1個以上の鎖状に連結するヘテロ原子を含み、n=2であるとき、1〜12個の炭素原子を有する、置換又は非置換の二価の炭化水素基であって、場合により1個以上の鎖状に連結するヘテロ原子を含む。]。
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