JP6613499B2 - 細胞殺傷剤 - Google Patents
細胞殺傷剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6613499B2 JP6613499B2 JP2017161556A JP2017161556A JP6613499B2 JP 6613499 B2 JP6613499 B2 JP 6613499B2 JP 2017161556 A JP2017161556 A JP 2017161556A JP 2017161556 A JP2017161556 A JP 2017161556A JP 6613499 B2 JP6613499 B2 JP 6613499B2
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- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
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Description
[1] 配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドと、標的分子と選択的に結合する部位とが、直接的又はリンカーを介して間接的に連結されている(ただし、前記配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドのC末端にアラニンが連結されている場合を除く)、細胞殺傷剤。
[2] 前記標的分子が、細胞又は組織表面に存在する分子である、前記[1]の細胞殺傷剤。
[3] 前記配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドが、
全てL−アミノ酸からなるペプチド、
配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列のうち、1〜14番目のアミノ酸までがD−アミノ酸からなり、15〜19番目のアミノ酸までがL−アミノ酸からなるペプチド、
配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列のうち、1〜14番目のアミノ酸までがL−アミノ酸からなり、15〜19番目のアミノ酸までがD−アミノ酸からなるペプチド、又は
全てD−アミノ酸からなるペプチドである、前記[1]又は[2]の細胞殺傷剤。
[4] 前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位がペプチド又はタンパク質であり、前記配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドと前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位とが直接的又は間接的に連結されている、前記[1]〜[3]のいずれかの細胞殺傷剤。
[5] 前記標的分子が、CNGB3(cyclic nucleotide-gated channel beta 3)又はアネキシンIである、前記[1]〜[4]のいずれかの細胞殺傷剤。
[6] 前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位が、配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドであり、
前記配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの下流に、前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位が直接的又は間接的に連結されている、前記[1]の細胞殺傷剤。
[7] 前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位が、配列番号7で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドであり、
前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位の下流に、前記配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドが直接的又は間接的に連結されている、前記[1]の細胞殺傷剤。
[8] 細胞の異常増殖に起因する疾患の治療剤である、前記[1]〜[7]のいずれかの細胞殺傷剤。
[9] 前記疾患が、子宮内膜症又は癌である、前記[8]の細胞殺傷剤。
また、本発明に係る子宮内膜症モデル動物は、子宮内膜症の治療剤候補物質に対する薬効試験等に有用である。
本発明に係る細胞殺傷剤は、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列(KLAKLAKKLAKLAKHLAHL)からなるペプチド(以下、「エフェクターペプチド」ということがある。)と、標的分子と選択的に結合する部位とを有する。エフェクターペプチドは、アポトーシス誘導活性を有するペプチドとエンドソームエスケープ活性を有するペプチドがタンデムに連結されたペプチドである。本発明に係る細胞殺傷剤は、標的分子と選択的に結合する部位を介して標的分子と結合し、標的細胞内へエンドサイトーシスにより取り込まれる。次いで、標的細胞内に取り込まれたエンドソームに内包された細胞殺傷剤は、エンドソームエスケープ活性を有するペプチド部位の作用によってエンドソーム膜が破壊される結果、標的細胞の細胞質へ放出される。細胞質へ放出された細胞殺傷剤は、アポトーシス誘導活性を有するペプチド部位の作用によって、ミトコンドリア膜を障害し当該標的細胞のアポトーシスを誘導する。
子宮内膜症細胞は、CNGB3を発現している。また、多くの子宮内膜症においては、子宮内膜症細胞は腹腔内において増殖する。このため、CNGB3を過剰発現させた細胞が腹腔内に移植されている動物を、子宮内膜症モデル動物とすることができる。
本発明及び本願明細書において、「タンパク質においてアミノ酸が置換する」とは、タンパク質を構成しているアミノ酸が別のアミノ酸に変わることを意味する。
本発明及び本願明細書において、「タンパク質においてアミノ酸が付加される」とは、タンパク質中に新たなアミノ酸が挿入されることを意味する。
A431細胞(ヒト上皮様細胞癌由来細胞株)に、C末端にmycタグを融合させたヒトCNGB3をコードする遺伝子を導入して強制発現させた形質転換細胞(A431-CNGB3-myc細胞)を、子宮内膜症モデル細胞として調製した。
免疫不全マウス(NOD/ShiJic-scid Jcl系統、日本クレア社より供給)の腹腔にA431-CNGB3-myc細胞を移植して子宮内膜症モデルマウスを作製した。
具体的には、凍結保存してあるA431-CNGB3-myc細胞を解凍した後、10cmディッシュ(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製、Lot No. F3BAXQ103)を用いて2回継代した細胞を1×107 cells/0.5 mL/body となるように培養培地を加えて調製した細胞液を投与液とした。この投与液を、調製後可及的速やかに、7週齢の雌の免疫不全マウスに腹腔内投与することにより、A431-CNGB3-myc細胞を移植した。
KLAKペプチドとHLAHペプチドとCNGB3結合性ペプチドとが連結されたペプチドについて、CNGB3結合性ペプチドのアミノ酸配列の種類と子宮内膜症細胞に対する細胞障害性の強さに対する影響を調べた。
各ペプチドの細胞殺傷活性の評価は、CellTiter-Glo(登録商標)アッセイキット(プロメガ社製)を用いて、各ペプチドで処理したA431-CNGB3-myc細胞のATP量を測定して行った。
KLAKペプチドとHLAHペプチドとZ13ペプチドとが連結されたペプチドについて、KLAK配列とHLAH配列の長さを、子宮内膜症細胞に対する細胞障害性の強さが最大となるように最適化した。
実施例1において最も強い細胞殺傷活性作用を示したペプチド8をさらに短くし、子宮内膜症細胞に対する細胞障害性の強さが最大となるように最適化した。
KLAKペプチドとHLAHペプチドとZ13ペプチドを連結したペプチドにおいて、構成するアミノ酸をD−アミノ酸とした場合とL−アミノ酸とした場合の細胞殺傷活性の強さを調べた。
実施例2及び3で最も細胞殺傷活性が高かったペプチドA2の細胞殺傷活性について調べた。
細胞培養用マルチディッシュに置いたカバーグラスに播いたA431-CNGB3-myc細胞に、ペプチドA2を終濃度が0(コントロール)、37.5、75、又は150μMとなるように添加して培養した。ペプチド添加から24、48又は72時間後に、カバーグラスに接着しスプレッドしている細胞(生存細胞)数をカウントした。一視野当たりの生存細胞数(Cells/view)の測定結果を図6に示す。この結果、A431-CNGB3-myc細胞の生存細胞数は、添加したペプチドA2の濃度依存的かつ経時的に減少することが判明した。
細胞培養用マルチディッシュに置いたカバーグラスに播いたA431-CNGB3-myc細胞に、ペプチドA2を終濃度が0(コントロール)、37.5、75、又は150μMとなるように添加して培養した。ペプチド添加から24、48又は72時間後に、ApopTag(登録商標) Fluorescein In Situ Apoptosis Detection Kitを用いてアポトーシスを検出した。図7に、ペプチド添加から48時間経過後の細胞に対してApop-Tag assayを行った結果を示す。図中、「Hoechst」は、Hoechst 33342 solutionによる核染色の結果を示す。この結果、添加したペプチドA2の濃度依存的に、Apop-Tag染色された細胞数が多くなっており、ペプチドA2によりアポトーシスが誘導されたことが確認された。
子宮内膜症モデルマウスに、実施例2及び3で最も細胞殺傷活性が高かったペプチドA2を投与し、子宮内膜症に対する治療効果を調べた。
A431-CNGB3-myc細胞を腹腔内に移植してから7日後の子宮内膜症モデルマウスに対して、イソフルラン麻酔下で、腹腔内に、37℃に温めた生理的食塩液0.5mLを入れてマッサージした直後に、ペプチドA2を生理食塩水に溶解させた溶液を腹腔内投与した。ペプチドA2は、マウスの体重当たりの投与量が0mg/10mL/kg(対照)、5mg/10mL/kg、又は10mg/10mL/kgとなるように投与した(n=3)。
A431-CNGB3-myc細胞を腹腔内に移植してから7日後の子宮内膜症モデルマウスに対して、イソフルラン麻酔下で、腹腔内に、37℃に温めた生理的食塩液0.5mLを入れてマッサージした直後に、ペプチドA2を生理食塩水に溶解させた溶液を腹腔内投与した(1回目投与)。その後、A431-CNGB3-myc細胞を腹腔内に移植してから8日後と9日後に、同様にしてペプチドA2溶液を投与した。つまり、ペプチドA2溶液を1日1回、合計3回投与した。ペプチドA2は、マウスの体重当たりの投与量が0mg/10mL/kg(対照)、2.5mg/10mL/kg、5.0mg/10mL/kg、又は7.5mg/10mL/kgとなるように投与した(n=3)。
ペプチドA2を投与した子宮内膜症モデルマウスは、最終投与から24時間後又は48時間後に、イソフルラン麻酔下で放血死させ、腹膜を採取した。ATP測定用腹膜は、液体窒素で凍結後、測定までディープフリーザで保管した。病理標本作製用腹膜は、10%中性緩衝ホルマリンに浸漬して固定した後、冷蔵で保管した。
ATP量測定は、CellTiter-Glo(登録商標)アッセイキット(プロメガ社製)を用いて行った。凍結した腹膜の重量を測定し、凍結組織の10倍量のCellTiter-Glo bufferを加えてホモジナイズした後、遠心により上清を回収し、これをライセートとした。このライセートに2倍量のPBS及びライセートと同量の2×CellTiter Glo Reagentを加えて撹拌したものを反応溶液とし、この反応溶液を10分間室温で静置した。室温静置後の反応溶液の発光強度(RLU)を、Synergy H1 ハイブリッドマルチモードマイクロプレートリーダー(BioTek社製)を用いて測定した。反応溶液の発光強度はATP量の指標であり、発光強度が小さいほど、ATP量が少なく、投与されたペプチドの細胞殺傷活性が強いことを示す。全ての試行はtriplicate(n=3)で測定し、その平均を各ペプチドの細胞殺傷活性として評価した。
10%中性緩衝ホルマリンで固定した病理標本作製用腹膜に対して、HE染色及びTUNEL染色を行った。この結果、ペプチドA2投与群では、TUNEL法(TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling)陽性であり(図示せず。)、ペプチドA2はアポトーシスを誘導し、細胞殺傷効果を示すことが確認された。
A431-CNGB3-myc細胞及び各種の子宮癌細胞に由来する細胞株に対する、ペプチドA2(ペプチド(14D+5D))の細胞殺傷活性作用を調べた。
癌細胞由来細胞株としては、ヒト子宮内膜腺癌由来のishikawa細胞、ヒト子宮内膜癌由来のSNG-II細胞、ヒト子宮体癌由来のHec-1A細胞、ヒト子宮内膜癌由来のRL95-2細胞を用いた。これらの細胞はA431-CNGB3-myc細胞と同様にして培養した。
A431細胞はヒト上皮様細胞癌由来の細胞株であることから、A431-CNGB3-myc細胞が腹腔に移植された子宮内膜症モデルマウスは、担癌マウスでもある。そこで、子宮内膜症モデルマウスの腹腔に、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるエフェクターペプチドとIF7ペプチドを連結したペプチド(IFLLWQR-RR-KLAKLAK-KLAKLAK-HLAHL、配列番号40)(以下、「IF7(RR)−(K+H)ペプチド」ということがある。)を投与し、癌細胞に対する細胞殺傷活性作用を調べた。IF7(RR)−(K+H)ペプチドは、KLAK配列とHLAH配列部分をD−アミノ酸から、その他のペプチド部分をL−アミノ酸で合成した。
A431-CNGB3-myc細胞を腹腔内に移植してから14日後の子宮内膜症モデルマウスに対して、1日1回、6日間連続して、IF7(RR)−(K+H)ペプチドを生理食塩水に溶解させた溶液50μLを尾静脈から投与した。IF7(RR)−(K+H)ペプチドは、マウスの体重当たりの投与量が0μg/body(対照)、10μg/body、又は50μg/bodyとなるように投与した。
背中に腫瘤を形成させた担癌マウスに対して、実施例7で用いたIF7(RR)−(K+H)ペプチドを経静脈投与し、癌細胞に対する細胞殺傷活性作用を調べた。
マウスに移植する腫瘍組織は、ルシフェラーゼ遺伝子を導入した卵巣がん細胞株(OVCAR3-Luc細胞、他施設より移譲)を培養したものを用いた。OVCAR3-Luc 細胞の培養は、RPMI medium 1640(11875-093、gibe by life technologies)を培養培地として、37℃、5容量%二酸化炭素環境下で行った。
実施例7と同様にして、OVCAR3-Lucマウスに、1日1回、6日間連続して、IF7(RR)−(K+H)ペプチドを生理食塩水に溶解させた溶液50μLを尾静脈から投与した。IF7(RR)−(K+H)ペプチドは、マウスの体重当たりの投与量が0μg/body(対照)又は10μg/bodyとなるように投与した。
各マウスに対して発光イメージング検査を行い、背中の腫瘤のphoton数と腫瘍組織の大きさを経時的に測定した。
ルシフェリン−ルシフェラーゼ発光機構を利用し、in vivo発光イメージング装置(Xenogen IVIS-200、Caliper Corporation製)を用いて測定した。まず、OVCAR3-Lucマウスの腹腔内に、30mg/mLのD−ルシフェリンカリウム(126-05116、和光純薬工業社製)溶液100μLを投与した。投与から15分後に、当該マウスをin vivo発光イメージング装置で測定し、Photon数を計測した。
各OVCAR3-Lucマウスの背部の推定腫瘍体積(mm3)は、腫瘍の長径と短径から、下記式により求めた。なお、腫瘍の長径(mm)と短径(mm)は、ノギスを用いて測定した。
各種臓器の癌組織のパラフィン包埋切片を、抗CNGB3抗体で免疫染色し、CNGB3の発現の有無を調べた。
組織切片は、市販されているヒトの卵巣癌組織アレイ(Ovary cancer tissue array)(US Biomax社製)4種のうちの2種類(OV20811及びOV2088)と、各種臓器の癌組織アレイ(Multiple organ tumor tissue array)のうちの2種類(FDA800a及びMC964a)を用いた。また、抗CNGB3抗体は、市販されている抗体のうち、Biorbyt(Catalog No.orb156415BRT 100UG)(以下、「抗体orb」ということがある。)及びOsenses(Code; OSC00253W)(以下、「抗体253W」ということがある。)の2種類を用いた。
Claims (9)
- 配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドと、標的分子と選択的に結合する部位とが、直接的又はリンカーを介して間接的に連結されている(ただし、前記配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドのC末端にアラニンが連結されている場合を除く)、細胞殺傷剤。
- 前記標的分子が、細胞又は組織表面に存在する分子である、請求項1に記載の細胞殺傷剤。
- 前記配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドが、
全てL−アミノ酸からなるペプチド、
配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列のうち、1〜14番目のアミノ酸までがD−アミノ酸からなり、15〜19番目のアミノ酸までがL−アミノ酸からなるペプチド、
配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列のうち、1〜14番目のアミノ酸までがL−アミノ酸からなり、15〜19番目のアミノ酸までがD−アミノ酸からなるペプチド、又は
全てD−アミノ酸からなるペプチドである、請求項1又は2に記載の細胞殺傷剤。 - 前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位がペプチド又はタンパク質であり、前記配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドと前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位とが直接的又は間接的に連結されている、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の細胞殺傷剤。
- 前記標的分子が、CNGB3(cyclic nucleotide-gated channel beta 3)又はアネキシンIである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の細胞殺傷剤。
- 前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位が、配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドであり、
前記配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの下流に、前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位が直接的又は間接的に連結されている、請求項1に記載の細胞殺傷剤。 - 前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位が、配列番号7で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドであり、
前記標的分子と選択的に結合する部位の下流に、前記配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドが直接的又は間接的に連結されている、請求項1に記載の細胞殺傷剤。 - 細胞の異常増殖に起因する疾患の治療剤である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の細胞殺傷剤。
- 前記疾患が、子宮内膜症又は癌である、請求項8に記載の細胞殺傷剤。
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