JP6605457B2 - オキシ水酸化コバルトを含む電気化学デバイス電極 - Google Patents
オキシ水酸化コバルトを含む電気化学デバイス電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6605457B2 JP6605457B2 JP2016521567A JP2016521567A JP6605457B2 JP 6605457 B2 JP6605457 B2 JP 6605457B2 JP 2016521567 A JP2016521567 A JP 2016521567A JP 2016521567 A JP2016521567 A JP 2016521567A JP 6605457 B2 JP6605457 B2 JP 6605457B2
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- cobalt
- electrode
- layer
- active material
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- -1 cobalt oxyhydroxide Chemical compound 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021314 NaFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZBNAQSDJSAIZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.[Cr+3].[V+5].[Na+] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.[Cr+3].[V+5].[Na+] ZBNAQSDJSAIZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- HIDOPYNXWKECHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.[Fe+2].[Na+] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.[Fe+2].[Na+] HIDOPYNXWKECHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- CHQMXRZLCYKOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-H P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.[V+5].[Na+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.P(=O)([O-])([O-])F Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.[V+5].[Na+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.P(=O)([O-])([O-])F CHQMXRZLCYKOFO-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FGSXRUYPQWMIRU-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium fluoro-dioxido-oxo-lambda5-phosphane iron(2+) Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.[Fe+2].[Li+] FGSXRUYPQWMIRU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AWRQDLAZGAQUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium;iron(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O AWRQDLAZGAQUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 133
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 55
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 43
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 43
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 40
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229920002518 Polyallylamine hydrochloride Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102100023231 Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101710135169 Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase Proteins 0.000 description 4
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- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018916 CoOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014422 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical group N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005580 NiCd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005813 NiMH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCFXRFUOVCZBGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N O(O)O.[Co].[Co] Chemical compound O(O)O.[Co].[Co] LCFXRFUOVCZBGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209502 Pistia Species 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGIDDDIFEQSDJB-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+] Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+] DGIDDDIFEQSDJB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001317 nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004054 semiconductor nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Description
本願は、2013年6月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/837,504号の優先権を主張し、その記載は、すべての目的について、参照として本明細書に組み込まれるものである。
該当なし
発明の背景
本願出願人らは、PEO及びPAHは相対的に低い導電率を有するので、本発明の例示的なアニオン性及びカチオン性ポリマーとしてPEO及びPAHを選択する。導電率は、図13に示されるような実験設定を用いることで測定されている。
本願出願人らは、ポリ(アリルアミン)塩酸塩(PAH)、水酸化コバルト及びポリ(エチレン)オキサイド(PEO)フィルムの多(例えば20)層を、StratoSequence VI NanoStrata Inc.からのLBL機を用いて製造するDecherの方法を使用した。各層の後の乾燥プロセスは10秒間の強制窒素を用いて行われた。溶液は、DI水中にそれぞれの粉末を溶解させることによって調製した。組成は、PEO:70mg/100cc;PAH:100mg/100cc;水酸化コバルト:200mg/100ccとして示された。PEOは、Polysciences,Inc.(カタログ番号04030)によって、PAHはAlfa Aesar(ストック番号43092)から及び水酸化コバルトはAlfa Aesar(ストック番号12524)から供給された。
リチウムコバルトオキサイドの調製を行う。フィルム厚さのために、大型の固体LiCoO2をフィルム多層に導入することは非常に困難である。代替方法は、フィルムの内側のCo(OH)2をリチウムコバルトオキサイドLiCoO2に転化することである。転化を行うために、図3に示されるような装置を使用した。電気化学プロセスは、気密条件、例えばアルゴンパージされたグローブボックス下で行われた。テストセルは、銅電極としてのカソードを用いて設定し、この電極に、その内側に調製された電極ディスクが封入された銅スクリーンサックが跨るように存在していた。金属リチウムがアノードとして使用された。使用された電解質は、従来のリチウムイオン電池と同様であった。例えば、EC/DMC(エチレンカーボネート/ジメチルカーボネート)の50%混合物を溶媒として使用した。溶媒に0.1MのLiPF6を溶解させた。定電流放電を3ボルトで2時間行った。この電圧は、LiCoO2の標準電極ポテンシャル(3.6V)に近い。プロセスは、室温にて行われ、加熱手順は含まれていなかった。X線回折パターンは、LiCoO2の存在を確認するために行われた(図4)。
電極に対するグローブボックス中での処理の間に製造されたLiCoO2の質量は、誘導結合プラズマ(ICP)質量分析法を用いて決定された。まず、電極表面にあるコバルトの総量を決定した。Jadeソフトウェアを用いる分析を伴うX線回折パターンがその中にコバルトを有する化合物の割合を与える。LiCoO2の重量は、4.74マイクログラムであることが決定された。次いで比容量は、表2に示されるように計算された。以下に記述されるように、平均比容量は、グラムあたり164mA−時であることがわかった。大きな標準偏差は、平均値と関連してグラムあたりσ=46.5mA−時であった。
電気化学インピーダンス分光法(EIS)は、数十年間にわたり電池の研究に使用されている。より最近では、リチウムイオンセルの調査は急増しており、動力学及び輸送特性を測定する及び容量欠損を導く構造劣化を特性評価する要望が動機付けとなっている(Pistoia,Li,et al.,1992);Laman,Matsen,et al.,1986;Bohnke,Bohnke,et al.,1993;Laman,Matsen,et al.,1986;Cahan,Daroux,et al.,1989;Gabrielli,1995;Macdonalds,1987;Bhakta,Macdonald,et al.,1991)。EIS調査の一の限定は、インピーダンスデータを説明する難しさにあった。電池インピーダンスデータは、多孔質電極効果を含むプロセス、セパレータ及び2つの電極インピーダンス応答の重ね合わせ、過渡及び非線形応答並びに電池集電体、端末及び他の周辺機器の追加のアーチファクトの複雑化したセットによって影響を受ける(Farcy,Messina,et al.,1990;Pistoia,Li,et al.,1992;Laman,Matsen,et al.,1986;Bohnke,Bohnke,et al.,1993;Laman,Matsen,et al.,1986;Cahan,Daroux,et al.,1989;Gabrielli,1995;Macdonalds,1987)。これらの現象の全ては、フル電池インピーダンスデータを解釈することを困難なタスクとする。過去に採用された手法はほぼ、受動及び周波数依存性回路要素を含む等価回路にデータを適合させることである。単純集中定数回路及びさらに複雑な有限伝送線回路の両方が使用される(Macdonalds,1987;Bhakta,Macdonald,et al.,1991;Macdonald,Urquidi−Macdonald,et al.,1991;Grahame 1952;Orazem,Agarwal,et al.,1994;Bard and Faulkner)。この手法で不利益になることとして、基本的特性の観点において等価回路パラメータを解釈するのが困難なことがある。
すべて新しく製造された電池に、5回の形成サイクルを与えた。通常、電池テストは3.5×10-5アンペアでの充電及び3.5×10-7アンペアでの放電を行う間で連続的に行った。電池テストのための詳細な工程は以下の通りである:
3.5×10-5アンペアにて、0.5ボルトへ放電する;
30分間の休止を行う;
3.5×10-7アンペアにて、4乃至4.2ボルトの電圧カットオフまで充電する;
5分の休止を行う;
3.5×10-7アンペアから2.0ボルトにて放電する;
充電及び放電は、3.5×10-5、3.5×10-6及び3.5×10-7アンペアで行った;及び
所望の実行サイクル数のために1乃至5の工程を繰り返す。
表2は、LiCoO2を有する製造されたままの正極が質量及び比容量に関して分析されたことを示す。LiCoO2を有するカソードが高効率で動作する事実は、カソード内の導電性状況を立証する。オキシ水酸化コバルト(CoOOH)の導電種を製造した。炭素は、導電率を与えるために電極に使用しなかった。オキシ水酸化コバルトは十分であった。電池の充電/放電曲線は、適切な導電率が2つの絶縁ポリマーPEO及びPAH内に存在することを示した。したがって、上記プロセスが、電池活性を示すように合理的に動作する正カソードを製造することに成功したことを結論付けることができる。
LBL電極からのキャパシタンス寄与はまた、他者によっても示されている(Lee,Seung Woo,Naoaki Yabuuchi,et al.,2010)。この寄与は、粒径依存であり、粒径が10nm以下に接近するに伴って大幅に増大した(John Wang,Julien Polleux,et al.,2007)。本発明者らの場合に同様の寄与が観察された(54mA−時/グラム)。
文献には、LBL層間に固定化されたナノ粒子(NP)は、盛んな研究活動の中心であることが示唆されている(Alkire,et al.)。ファラデーと非ファラデー(二重層)充電との区別は、NP中のすべての金属中心をレドックス活性にする方法を理解するために重要である。向上した電荷補填能を有する能力は、NPがどのように固定化されているかにある。フィルムを通した電荷移動は、少数(30)の層に限定される(Alkire,et al.)。この数のオーダーを超えると、Decherによって示唆されるように、電荷移動が「FUZZY」になる(Decher,1997)。この現象は、LBLフィルムを通した電荷移動を防止する。
一般にxの値は0.5を超えることがない。ここでの過剰分は、電池のキャパシタンスのオンセットによって説明された。これらの比容量の高い値は、ナノ粒子の寄与に依るものであった。容量寄与計算を表2に示した。
本願出願人は、本発明が市販のセルに対して適用可能であることを示した。図16乃至20は、本発明の方法又はプロセスは市販のセルの性能を改善するために使用できることを実証した。
<参考文献>
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Claims (10)
- 電気化学反応のためのアルカリ金属イオンを提供するアルカリ金属化合物を含む活物質及びオキシ水酸化コバルトの粒子を含む導電剤を含んでおり、
前記活物質が、リチウムコバルトオキサイド、リチウム鉄ホスフェート、リチウムマンガンオキサイド、リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルトオキサイド、リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウムオキサイド、リチウムチタネート、リチウムバナジウムオキサイド、リチウム鉄フルオロホスフェート、ナトリウム鉄ホスフェート、ナトリウム鉄フルオロホスフェート、ナトリウムバナジウムフルオロホスフェート、ナトリウムバナジウムクロムフルオロホスフェート、ナトリウムヘキサシアノメタレート、カリウムヘキサシアノメタレート、及びR3-mのスペース基を有するα−NaFeO2構造に基づく六方対称性を有するリチウム含有層状化合物からなる群から選択され、
炭素を含む導電助剤を含まない、電極。 - 前記導電材が、前記活物質の全体に亘って分布している請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記活物質がリチウムコバルトオキサイドである、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記導電剤のオキシ水酸化コバルトの少なくとも一部のコバルトが、+4の酸化数を有する、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記導電剤のオキシ水酸化コバルトの少なくとも一部のコバルトが、+3の酸化数を有する、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記導電剤がナノ粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記活物質及び前記導電剤が基板上に担持される、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記基板が、アルミニウム、銅、銀、鉄、亜鉛、ニッケル、チタン、及び金から選択される金属を含む、請求項7に記載の電極。
- 正極としての請求項1に記載の電極、
負極、及び
非水系電解質
を含む電気化学デバイス。 - 前記負極が、リチウム金属及びリチウム合金から選択される負極活物質を含む、請求項9に記載の電気化学デバイス。
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US201361837504P | 2013-06-20 | 2013-06-20 | |
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PCT/US2014/043130 WO2014205186A2 (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2014-06-19 | Electrochemical device electrode including cobalt oxyhydroxide |
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EP2570846A1 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2013-03-20 | Hydro-Québec | Flexible transparent electrochromic device |
US10707526B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
KR20180066060A (ko) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-06-18 | 더 리젠츠 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 미시건 | 3차원 전극 기재를 포함하는 전기화학 소자 |
US11289700B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2022-03-29 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | KVOPO4 cathode for sodium ion batteries |
US10707531B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
JP6966308B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-11 | 2021-11-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質及びその製造方法、リチウムイオン電池、並びに、リチウムイオン電池システム |
CN111039271B (zh) * | 2019-12-04 | 2024-02-09 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种氟磷酸钒钠盐及其制备方法和用途 |
CN112551594B (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-02-28 | 深圳市本征方程石墨烯技术股份有限公司 | 一种片层状纳米羟基氧化钴及其制备方法、应用 |
CN113275027A (zh) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-08-20 | 西北师范大学 | 一种生长在泡沫镍上以普鲁士蓝类似物为模板衍生的双金属磷化物的制备及应用 |
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JPH04301366A (ja) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-23 | Yuasa Corp | リチウム二次電池 |
JPH10172560A (ja) * | 1996-12-05 | 1998-06-26 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | リチウム電池用正極およびリチウム電池 |
JP3223858B2 (ja) | 1996-12-24 | 2001-10-29 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池とその正極活物質およびその製造方法 |
KR19990026737A (ko) * | 1997-09-26 | 1999-04-15 | 손욱 | 니켈 계열 전지의 양극 도전 네트웍 형성 방법 |
FR2774813B1 (fr) | 1998-02-09 | 2000-03-10 | Alsthom Cge Alcatel | Electrode positive au nickel pour accumulateur alcalin |
JP3429741B2 (ja) | 2000-03-24 | 2003-07-22 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池用ペースト型正極およびニッケル水素蓄電池 |
JP3558590B2 (ja) | 2000-07-14 | 2004-08-25 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池用正極活物質の製造方法 |
US7026069B1 (en) | 2003-01-02 | 2006-04-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army. | Lithium manganese bismuth mixed metal oxide for rechargeable electrochemicals systems |
US7160647B2 (en) | 2003-12-22 | 2007-01-09 | The Gillette Company | Battery cathode |
CN1839497B (zh) | 2004-05-17 | 2010-06-30 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 电极及其制备方法 |
US20060062982A1 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Carbon-polymer electrochemical systems and methods of fabricating them using layer-by-layer technology |
US7300722B2 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2007-11-27 | The Gillette Company | Lithium battery containing bismuth metal oxide |
CN101438446B (zh) | 2006-05-04 | 2012-09-19 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 使用导电性聚合物复合材料的具有高容量和高功率的电化学贮能装置 |
CN101501920B (zh) | 2006-09-29 | 2011-04-13 | 三井金属矿业株式会社 | 非水电解液二次电池 |
WO2008091028A1 (ja) | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | 層構造を有するリチウム遷移金属酸化物 |
FR2916905B1 (fr) | 2007-06-04 | 2010-09-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Nouvelle composition pour la fabrication d'electrodes, electrodes et batteries en resultant. |
US8048566B2 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2011-11-01 | Powergenix Systems, Inc. | Nickel hydroxide electrode for rechargeable batteries |
US20110223477A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Nelson Jennifer A | Alkaline battery including lambda-manganese dioxide and method of making thereof |
US8303840B2 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2012-11-06 | The Gillette Company | Acid-treated manganese dioxide and methods of making thereof |
US8298706B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2012-10-30 | The Gillette Company | Primary alkaline battery |
KR101320391B1 (ko) | 2011-07-18 | 2013-10-23 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 및 이를 구비한 리튬 이차 전지 |
JP2013206616A (ja) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-07 | Tanaka Chemical Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質およびその製造方法 |
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US9997777B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 |
US20150017544A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
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