JP6583943B1 - Underground shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

An underground shelter is provided that is easy to evacuate when an earthquake fire or tsunami fire occurs and that can suppress the internal temperature. A shelter has a main body, a water storage tank, a water storage tank, and the like. The water storage tank 4 is for supplying water to the recess 33, and has a first water storage tank 41 and a second water storage tank 42. In the event of a fire, when evacuating to the evacuation space 90, an electromagnetic valve (not shown) provided on the pipe 41b is opened. Thereby, the water W1 stored in the first storage tank 41 is supplied to the recess 33 through the pipe 41b. On the other hand, the water W2 stored in the second water storage tank 42 is pumped up by operating the pump 43 and supplied to the recess 33 via the pipe 42b. When the water level of the recess 33 becomes a certain level or more, the door is submerged. As a result, the temperature rise of the door main body 50 and the ceiling 21 can be suppressed by the latent heat effect of water. [Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an underground shelter that can suppress an increase in the internal temperature of the shelter.

  Earthquake fires that occur in densely populated wooden houses have a high rate of fire spread, and there is a danger that a huge flame will approach at the same time, so it is important to evacuate early so as not to be late. However, even if you try to evacuate to a safe place, it is assumed that the road is evacuated and you cannot move forward. Even if proceeding forward, it is expected that the road will be blocked by a collapsed house, and that an evacuation route will not be secured due to the collapse of a bridge.

  In the Great Kanto Earthquake and the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, fires caused by earthquakes, so-called earthquake fires, occurred at the same time and caused tremendous damage. Earthquake fires are reported to have started immediately after the mainshock, and the number of cases will increase in proportion to the number of buildings collapsed. In addition, the spread of fire spread is expanded because fire extinguishing activities are hindered by a combination of factors such as the spread of fire fighting power, the occurrence of traffic obstacles due to collapse of buildings and roads, water shortages due to fire hydrants and water pipe damage, and traffic congestion. However, the time until the fire is extinguished will be prolonged. In the Great East Japan Earthquake, many precious lives were lost due to the largest tsunami and tsunami fire ever.

  The earthquake directly under a large city that is expected to occur in the future is considered to cause no serious damage like the Great Kanto Earthquake or the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake because the city has already been modernized and sufficient measures have been taken. However, in large cities, there are many densely populated wooden houses at the present time, and it is overcrowded compared to the time of the Great Kanto Earthquake.

  In view of this situation, it is effective to evacuate to a shelter when an earthquake fire occurs. In addition, the shelter requires a means for suppressing an internal temperature rise even when a fire continues for a long time.

  In Patent Document 1, in order to temporarily evacuate in a disaster or the like, a structure having a heat insulating layer that is installed for the purpose of disaster prevention of a building, its internal temperature at low cost so that it can withstand a long-term fire. Disclosed is a fireproof structure for suppressing an increase in the temperature. Specifically, it is a disaster prevention shelter that is installed in a building and consists of a ceiling wall, side walls, and a floor wall. When the temperature rises, the water in the water tank is used to flow through the shelter to prevent the internal temperature from rising.

  However, since the shelter disclosed in Patent Document 1 is installed in a building, when the building collapses due to a fire, the collapsed building becomes a flame source and is exposed to flame heat for a long time. In addition, when the ambient temperature rises, such as when a fire breaks out, water is supplied to the structure from an open water tank provided on the top of the ceiling wall. For some reason, for example, in an open water tank If the water is splashed outside due to an earthquake, the structure is not supplied with water and cannot function as a fire protection shelter. Furthermore, immediately after flowing water through the shelter, the temperature inside the shelter can be suppressed, but thereafter, it cannot be continuously suppressed for a long time.

JP 2011-84883 A

  The subject of this invention is providing the underground shelter which can suppress the internal temperature of a shelter when an earthquake fire and a tsunami fire generate | occur | produce.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is an underground shelter, comprising a ceiling having an opening, a main body defining an evacuation space, and a door capable of sealing the opening. , the door is disposed in the water storage can recess defined ceiling above, further comprising a water storage tank for supplying water to the recess, the water storage tank comprises a first reservoir tank disposed on the ground, distribution evacuation space It has the 2nd water storage tank provided .

According to this structure, since the 1st water storage tank which stores the water for supplying to a recessed part is arrange | positioned on the ground, water can be rapidly supplied to a recessed part using a height difference. By evacuating to the underground shelter and storing the water in the recess, even if the surrounding temperature rises due to a fire or the like, the temperature rise inside the shelter can be suppressed by the latent heat effect of the stored water.
Furthermore, according to this structure, since the water storage tank further includes the second water storage tank disposed in the underground shelter, the second water storage tank can maintain the water supply function even when the first water storage tank is damaged by a tsunami or the like. . As a result, water can be stably supplied to the recess.

The invention according to claim 2 is an underground shelter having a ceiling provided with an opening, comprising a main body defining an evacuation space, and a door capable of sealing the opening, and the door is located above the ceiling. The water storage tank further includes a water storage tank that is disposed in the defined recess capable of storing water and that supplies water to the recess, and the water storage tank further includes a water storage tank that has a first water storage tank disposed on the ground and that supplies water to the water storage tank. The water storage tank is provided in the ground and can collect rainwater .

According to this configuration, the water storage tank is provided in the ground and can collect rainwater, so that rainwater can be stably supplied to the recess through the water storage tank. .

The invention according to claim 3 is an underground shelter having a ceiling provided with an opening, comprising a main body that defines an evacuation space, and a door capable of sealing the opening, the door being above the ceiling The lift device is provided in a defined recess capable of storing water, and a lift device is provided above the door. The lift device further includes a drive unit and a frame unit that supports the drive unit, and further includes a water storage tank that supplies water to the recess. The water storage tank has a first water storage tank placed on the upper surface of the frame portion .

According to this configuration, the lift device is provided above the opening, the lift device includes the drive unit and the frame unit that supports the drive unit, and the first water storage tank is placed on the upper surface of the frame unit. Therefore, the height difference between the recess and the first water storage tank can be increased. As a result, water can be supplied to the recess in a short time. In addition, vulnerable people such as disabled people, elderly people and children can evacuate to the shelter quickly.

The invention according to claim 4 is the underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The whole door is submerged when a predetermined amount of water is supplied to the recess .

According to this configuration, the door is entirely submerged when a predetermined amount of water is supplied to the concave portion, and therefore the temperature rise of not only the ceiling but also the entire door can be suppressed by the latent heat effect of water .

  The invention according to claim 5 is the underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a heat insulating member provided at an upper end portion of the evacuation space, and the heat insulating member has a thickness of 1.0 m to Since it is 2.0 m, the temperature rise inside an underground shelter can be further suppressed by the heat insulation effect of a thick heat insulation layer.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the main body is made of reinforced concrete having a thickness of 20 cm to 50 cm.

  According to this configuration, since the main body of the underground shelter is made of reinforced concrete having a thickness of 20 cm to 50 cm and high radiation shielding performance, almost all radiations such as alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, X rays, and neutron rays are emitted. It has a predetermined performance for shielding. As a result, it can be used as a nuclear shelter.

The invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that in the underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, a solid foundation that is fixed to the main body is provided .

According to this configuration, since the solid foundation fixed to the main body is provided, the seismic force can be distributed and borne across the solid foundation. This avoids damage to the body of the underground shelter.

It is the top view which abbreviate | omitted the storage tank lift apparatus of the underground shelter of this embodiment. It is front sectional drawing of the underground shelter of this embodiment. It is a top view explaining the door of this embodiment. FIG. It is a partial expanded side surface sectional view same as the above. It is a modification of a door.

  Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 2, an underground shelter 1 (hereinafter referred to as a shelter 1) according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a main body 2, a solid foundation 30, a water tank 4, a water tank 40, and a lift device 200. . Here, the shelter 1 refers to a shelter in which part or all of the evacuation space 90 is located in the ground 300.

  The main body 2 is embedded in the ground 300 in a state of being fixed to the solid foundation 30. The solid foundation 30 constitutes the surface layer of the parking lot pavement 3. The main body 2 is a cylindrical body having a bottom and a ceiling with a ceiling 21, a side wall 22, and a floor 24, and these cooperate to define an evacuation space 90. As an example in the present embodiment, the outer diameter of the main body 2 is 2.8 m, the thickness of the solid foundation 30 is 45 cm, and the thickness of the ceiling 21, the side wall 22, and the floor 24 is 40 cm. By securing this thickness, the shelter 1 has a predetermined radiation shielding performance.

  The recess 33 provided above the ceiling 21 is defined by the ceiling 21 and the solid foundation 30. The recess 5 is provided with the door 5, and the door body 50 seals the opening 25 defined by the ceiling 21.

  The parking lot pavement 3 has a structure in which a solid foundation 30 is laid on the upper surface of the base layer 36. The base layer 36 is used to distribute and transmit the load received by the solid foundation 30 from the vehicle to the ground 300 and to firmly support the solid foundation 30. As a result, the solid foundation 30 is supported by the ground 300 through the base layer 36 in a stable state without causing subsidence due to the vehicle load being loaded for a long period of time and non-uniform subsidence due to an earthquake. . A slope 34 is provided for connecting the vehicle entry portion to the ground without causing a step. In addition, car stops 32 and 32 are provided to park the vehicle safely and reliably. Furthermore, a gravel layer 31 is provided in the center. Rainfall on the upper surface of the solid foundation 30 is collected in the gravel layer 31 and stored in the water tank 40.

  The material and thickness of the base layer 36 are determined as appropriate depending on the strength of the underground 300 and the like. For example, when the underground 300 has a predetermined strength, the base layer 36 can be omitted and the solid foundation 30 can be directly placed on the underground 300.

  The main body 2 is provided in the rear part of the solid foundation 30 (behind the car stopper 32 in plan view), has a cylindrical side wall 22, a floor 24, and a ceiling 21, and defines a columnar evacuation space 90. ing. The solid foundation 30 is fixed to the main body 2 by mutually connecting the reinforcing bars arranged on the solid foundation 30 and the reinforcing bars arranged on the main body 2. As a result, the weight of the main body 2 and the seismic force loaded on the main body 2 can be distributed and borne across the entire foundation 30. As a result, consolidation settlement of the underground 300 and uneven settlement of the main body 2 due to seismic force can be suppressed.

  A heat insulating layer 29 is provided on the wall surface of the side wall 22. Thereby, the raise of the internal temperature of the evacuation space 90 by flame heat can be suppressed. The material and thickness of the heat insulation layer 29 are appropriately determined by setting the heat insulation performance targeted for the evacuation space 90.

  Protrusions 45 extending horizontally outward at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction and the circumferential direction are fixed to the side wall 22. By increasing the surface area of the side wall 22, the heat dissipation effect is increased, and the temperature rise of the evacuation space 90 can be suppressed. Moreover, there is a concern that the main body 2 and the underground 300 around the main body may be shifted due to the seismic force. However, since the protrusion 45 increases the shear resistance between the main body 2 and the underground 300, the deviation can be suppressed. Thereby, the main body 2 can be embedded in the ground 300 in a stable state.

  The ceiling 21 is provided with an opening 25 for entering and exiting between the ground 410 and the evacuation space 90. The opening 25 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and the shape is a quadrangular pyramid that extends downward. The opening 25 is sealed with a first heat insulating lid 26a. The first heat insulating lid 26 a has a shape corresponding to the opening 25, and is normally placed at a predetermined place in the evacuation space 90.

  The heat insulating member 27 is disposed at the upper end of the evacuation space 90 so as to be in contact with the ceiling 21, and the heat insulating opening 28 is defined immediately below the opening 25. The heat insulating opening 28 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and its shape is a quadrangular pyramid that extends downward, and is sealed by the second heat insulating lid 26b. The second heat insulating lid 26 b has a shape corresponding to the heat insulating opening 28, and is normally placed at a predetermined place in the evacuation space 90. It is preferable that the thickness of the heat insulating member 27 is 1.0 m to 2.0 m. By using a thicker member than the thickness of a normal heat insulating material, it is possible to suppress an increase in temperature caused by radiant heat from above, particularly from the door 5.

  The material of the heat insulating member 27 is a fiber heat insulating material such as glass wool, cellulose fiber, wool heat insulating material, or rock wool, or a foamed plastic heat insulating material such as hard urethane foam, beaded polystyrene foam, or phenol foam. It is preferable. More preferably, it is a foamed plastic heat insulating material that is lightweight and excellent in resistance to moisture permeation. As a result, the weight can be reduced and the weight does not increase and the shape does not change due to moisture absorption even in a state where the unit is left in a high-humidity underground space for a long time.

  When evacuating to the evacuation space 90, the first heat insulating lid 26 a is inserted into the opening 25. Thereafter, the second heat insulating lid 26 b is inserted into the heat insulating opening 28. Thereby, the opening part 25 and the heat insulation opening part 28 are sealed. Further, the second heat insulating lid 26b is supported in a state where it is pushed up by the fixing rod 110 extending in the vertical direction. As a result, the sealing can be made stronger and the first heat insulating lid 26a and the second heat insulating lid 26b can be prevented from falling off.

  The fixing rod 110 has a structure that can be expanded and contracted. Under normal conditions, the upper end is fixed to the heat insulating member 27, and the other end is fixed to the floor 24 via the second water storage tank 42.

  An air cylinder is provided in the evacuation space 90 in order to ensure an appropriate oxygen concentration. Blowing air increases the atmospheric pressure inside. Therefore, a pressure reducing valve 46 for releasing the internal pressure is also provided. Further, in order to prevent an excessive increase of carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide is adsorbed with a slaked lime aqueous solution or zeolite.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the door 5 is disposed in the recess 33 and is made of a reinforced concrete door body 50, a wheel 51 fixed to the door body 50, a track 52 for guiding the traveling direction of the wheel 51, and a track 52. Is provided with a jack 53 that displaces in the vertical direction.

  The wheels 51 are for moving the door body 50 along the track 52, and two wheels 51 are fixed to the door body 50 in total, two on one side. The wheel 51 is disposed in a groove portion 52a of a track 52 described later, and the installation surface of the wheel 51 is lowered when a jack 53 is raised, there is a predetermined gap between the bottom plate 12 of the door body 50 and the ceiling 21. The bottom plate 12 and the ceiling 21 are set in contact with each other. That is, it is determined appropriately in consideration of the structural height of the jack 53, the stroke of the jack 53, and the like. The jack 53 is preferably a manual or electric hydraulic jack that is raised and lowered by hydraulic pressure.

  The pair of tracks 52 and 52 are for smoothly rotating the wheel 51 described above and for reliably guiding it in a predetermined direction. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the tracks 52 and 52 are provided above the ceiling 21, and are laid in the outer peripheral region of the opening 25 in parallel to the concave side surfaces 33 a and 33 b. The track 52 has a U-shaped cross-sectional view that forms a groove 52a that is open upward, and is fixed to the ceiling 21 via a total of three jacks 53 at both ends and at the center. Specifically, the bottom surface of the track 52 is fixed to the cradle 53 a of the jack 53, and the bottom surface of the jack 53 is fixed to the ceiling 21.

  The length of the track 52 is set to a length that can open and close the opening 25, that is, a length that is a length obtained by adding the length in the traveling direction of the door body 50 to the length in the laying direction of the opening 25. .

  The interval perpendicular to the moving direction of the wheel 51 is set to be the same as the interval at which the wheel 51 can be disposed on the track 52, that is, the interval between the pair of tracks 52 and 52. Thereby, the door body 50 can move along the track 52 and can open and close the opening 25.

  At both ends of the track 52, stop plates 54a and b for closing the groove 52a are provided in a state of protruding above the groove 52a. The stop plates 54a and 54b are for restricting the movement of the wheel 51, thereby preventing deviation of the door body 50 from the track 52 in the moving direction. When the movement of the wheel 51 is restricted by the stop plate 54a, the door body 50 opens the opening 25. When the movement of the wheel 51 is restricted by the stop plate 54b, the door body 50 closes the opening 25. It becomes a state to do.

  In a state where the door main body 50 is closed, a packing 80 is annularly provided on the bottom surface of the door main body 50 facing the outer peripheral surface of the opening 25. Thereby, when the clearance gap which exists in the door main body 50 and the ceiling 21 is sealed, the airtightness of the evacuation space 90 can be improved further.

  A method for sealing the opening 25 will be described. The door body 50 is moved in the direction of the opening 25 in a state where a predetermined gap exists between the door body 50 and the ceiling 21, that is, in a state where all the six jacks 53 are raised. When the movement of the door body 50 is restricted by the stop plate 54 b, the opening 25 is closed by the door body 50. Thereafter, a total of six jacks 53 for fixing the tracks 52, 52 are simultaneously lowered downward to seal a predetermined gap existing between the door body 50 and the ceiling 21.

  A method of changing the opening 25 from the sealed state to the opened state will be described. The six jacks 53 are raised at the same time so that a predetermined gap exists between the door body 50 and the ceiling 21. Thereafter, the door body 50 is moved in the direction of the stop plate 54a. When the movement of the door body 50 is restricted by the stop plate 54a, the opening 25 is in an opened state. Thereafter, the six jacks 53 are lowered at the same time so that the door body 50 and the ceiling 21 come into contact with each other, and the ceiling 21 bears the entire weight of the door body 50. Due to the frictional force acting on the door body 50 and the ceiling 21, the door body 50 can be stably placed at a predetermined position.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the water storage tank 40 is embedded in the underground 300 directly below the gravel layer 31. The water storage tank 40 is for storing water W3 for supplying water to the first water storage tank 41 and the second water storage tank 42. Rainfall on the upper surface of the solid foundation 30 is collected in the gravel layer 31 and stored in the water tank 40. Further, the water W3 may store rainwater collected by the gutter.

  The water storage tank 4 is for supplying water to the recess 33, and has a first water storage tank 41 and a second water storage tank 42 as shown in FIG. The first water storage tank 41 is placed on the top plate portion 221 of the lift device 200, while the second water storage tank 42 is placed on the floor 24 of the main body 2.

  The water W3 stored in the water storage tank 40 is pumped by the pump 41c and supplied to the first water storage tank 41 through the pipe 41a. On the other hand, water is supplied to the second water storage tank 42 via the pipe 42a. Thereby, the water W1 is stored in the first water storage tank 41, and the water W2 is stored in the second water storage tank.

  When a fire breaks out, when evacuating to the evacuation space 90, an electromagnetic valve (not shown) provided in the pipe 41b is opened by remote operation from the evacuation space 90. Thereby, the water W1 stored in the first water storage tank 41 is supplied to the recess 33 via the pipe 41b. Since the 1st water storage tank 41 which exists on the ground 410 is located in a high place compared with the recessed part 33 which exists in the surface 400 vicinity, the water W1 flows down naturally. Therefore, a pump for supplying water is not necessary. By increasing the height difference, the water W1 can be supplied to the recess 33 in a short time. On the other hand, the water W2 stored in the second water storage tank 42 is pumped by the pump 43 and supplied to the recess 33 via the pipe 42b. Since the 2nd water storage tank 42 is mounted in the evacuation space 90, it can supply the water W2 to the recessed part 33, without receiving the change of external environments, such as an earthquake. The pump 43 may be either manual or electric.

  As described above, water supply to the recess 33 is performed by two systems of water supply by natural flow and water supply by the pump 43. Therefore, rapid water supply to the concave portion 33 is possible, and even when either one breaks down, water can be stably supplied to the concave portion 33.

  When the water level of the recessed part 33 becomes more than a certain level, the door 5 is submerged as shown in FIG. Therefore, the temperature rise can be suppressed not only for the ceiling 21 but also for the door body 50 due to the latent heat effect of water. In order to adjust the water level of the recess 33 to a certain height, the water level of the recess 33 may be detected by a sensor, and the valve may be opened and closed by a controller based on the measured value. Thereby, since the supplied water can be prevented from overflowing from the recess 33, water can be supplied for a long time.

  When the fire is over, the drain (not shown) is opened and the water stored in the recess 33 is discharged to the outside. Since water is drained from the recess 33, even if the door body 50 is opened, the water W2 does not enter the evacuation space 90.

  The lift device 200 includes a drive unit 210 and a frame unit 220 that supports the drive unit 210. The drive unit 210 is for carrying materials necessary for evacuation into and out of the evacuation space 90. It can also be used when people with disabilities evacuate to the evacuation space 90.

  The frame part 220 includes a top board part 221 and leg parts 222. The top plate portion 221 fixes a guide rail 214 that is a part of the drive unit 210. The leg portion 222 supports the top plate portion 221 with one end fixed to the ground surface 400. The top plate 221 is preferably connected to the carport.

  The drive unit 210 includes a guide rail 214 fixed to the frame unit 220, a traversing carriage 211 that moves along the guide rail 214, an elevating winch 212 that is attached to the traversing carriage 211 and moves the hanging hook 213 up and down, and The suspension hook 213 is suspended from the winch 212. When disabled persons evacuate to the evacuation space 90, the wheelchair 230 is suspended from the suspension hook 213, the traversing carriage 211 is moved along the guide rail 214 to the position just above the door 5, and the evacuation space is moved by the lifting winch 212. Descent to 90. Further, by extending the guide rail 214 as appropriate, people with disabilities can evacuate from the parking lot or from the wood deck 299.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications, substitutions, and the like can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the arrangement of the door 205 may be changed so that the moving direction of the door body 250 is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the automobile 290. Moreover, when installing in a narrow land, it does not need to be integrated with a parking lot.

  In the event of a fire, an underground shelter that suppresses the temperature rise in the evacuation space can be easily installed on narrow land. Especially in densely populated areas, the industrial utility value is great.

1: Shelter 2: Body 4: Water storage tank 5, 205: Door 21: Ceiling 22: Side wall 24: Floor 25: Opening 33: Recess 40: Water storage tank 41: First water storage tank 42: Second storage tank 50, 250 : Door main body 90: Evacuation space 200: Lift device 300: Underground 400: Ground surface 410: Ground W1, W2, W3: Water

Claims (7)

A body having a ceiling with an opening and defining an evacuation space;
A door capable of sealing the opening,
The door is disposed in a recess capable of storing water defined above the ceiling,
A water storage tank for supplying water to the recess;
The water storage tank includes a first water storage tank disposed on the ground and a second water storage tank disposed in the evacuation space . A body having a ceiling with an opening and defining an evacuation space;
A door capable of sealing the opening,
The door is disposed in a recess capable of storing water defined above the ceiling,
A water storage tank for supplying water to the recess;
The water storage tank, have a first water storage tank disposed on the ground,
A water tank for supplying water to the water tank;
The water storage tank is provided in the ground and can collect rainwater . A body having a ceiling with an opening and defining an evacuation space;
A door capable of sealing the opening,
The door is disposed in a recess capable of storing water defined above the ceiling,
A lift device is provided above the door,
The lift device has a drive part and a frame part that supports the drive part,
A water storage tank for supplying water to the recess;
2. The underground shelter according to claim 1, wherein the water storage tank has a first water storage tank placed on an upper surface of the frame portion . The underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the door is entirely submerged when a predetermined amount of water is supplied to the recess. A heat insulating member provided at the upper end of the evacuation space;
The underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat insulating member has a thickness of 1.0 m to 2.0 m.   The underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the main body is made of reinforced concrete having a thickness of 20 to 50 cm. Underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a solid foundation for securing to the body.

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