JP6583936B2 - Underground shelter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an underground shelter made of reinforced concrete fixed to a solid foundation laid on the ground surface.

  In the Great East Japan Earthquake, buildings were destroyed and fired one after another by the earthquake, and many precious lives were lost due to the largest ever tsunami and tsunami fire. The occurrence of major Nankai Trough earthquakes is expected in the future. Furthermore, in view of the recent urgent international situation, there is a need for a shelter that has the capability of handling not only disasters such as earthquakes but also radiation damage.

  The penetration rate of nuclear shelters is 100% in Switzerland and Israel, but only 0.02% in Japan. In Japan, there is an urgent need to spread nuclear shelters that can respond to emergencies. Under such circumstances, interest in not only disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis but also shelters having the capability to cope with radiation exposure damage has been increasing in recent years.

  In Patent Document 1, in addition to earthquake resistance and waterproofness, elements that have special properties and effects, such as destructive weapons used during emergencies, powerful destructive energy of natural disasters, and radiation and electromagnetic waves, are surely A safer underground shelter that can protect the interior is disclosed. Specifically, a box-shaped shelter inner shell made of metal plate is installed on the shelter outer shell floor slab made of high-strength reinforced concrete in the ground, and the remaining shelter inner shell excluding the shelter outer shell floor slab side This is an underground shelter whose outer surface is covered with an outer shell made of high-strength reinforced concrete.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a shelter that is incorporated in a building, has side walls and an upper wall formed of concrete, and protects the habitability of the internal space from abnormal changes in the external environment.

  However, the shelter disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a double structure having an inner shell and an outer shell, and the bottom surface of the outer shell is a structure located at a depth of 5 to 6 m from the ground surface. For this reason, a large area of land is required for installation, and it is difficult to secure land for installation in existing residential areas. In addition, the construction is complicated.

  Since the shelter disclosed in Patent Document 2 is incorporated into a building, it is considered to be installed when the building is constructed, and it is difficult to install it in an existing building.

  In other words, the shelters disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have restrictions such as installation time and installation location, and cannot be easily installed.

JP 2007-297898 A JP 2009-221673 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a shelter that can be easily installed on a small-scale land that can be secured in a residential premises, etc., and can cope with earthquakes, tsunamis, fire disasters, and radiation exposure damage. .

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is an underground shelter made of reinforced concrete, which is laid on the ground surface and forms a surface layer of a parking lot pavement , a bottom floor, a ceiling, and a side wall. a body having a well as open and close the first opening formed in a ceiling, comprising a door sliding door can be sealed, the ceiling is fixed to a solid foundation, door, located on the site of parking And having a pair of tracks, a door body movable along the track, and a jack connecting the ceiling and the track, and the jack has a door body when the first opening is closed by the door body. The gap formed between the door body and the ceiling is sealed by displacing the door in the ceiling direction .

  According to this configuration, since the ceiling is fixed to the solid foundation laid on the ground surface, the weight of the main body and the seismic force loaded on the main body can be distributed and borne across the solid foundation. Thereby, the consolidation settlement of the ground and the uneven settlement of the main body due to the seismic force can be suppressed.

  Moreover, according to this structure, since the solid foundation, the main body, and the door are made of reinforced concrete, it has a capability of shielding almost all radiation such as alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, X rays, and neutron rays. Furthermore, since the first opening is sealed by the door, the first opening can be completely sealed without a gap. Thereby, an underground shelter can be used as a nuclear shelter.

Moreover, according to this structure, it can evacuate to a shelter quickly from the motor vehicle parked in a parking lot. Furthermore, since the underground shelter is buried under the parking lot, the underground space of the parking lot can be used effectively. Thereby, a shelter can be easily installed even in a densely populated area where it is difficult to secure a place for installing the shelter.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that in the underground shelter according to claim 1, a first heat insulating lid that can be attached to and detached from the first opening is provided.

  According to this configuration, since the first heat insulating lid that can be attached to and detached from the first opening is provided, by attaching the first heat insulating lid to the first opening, when the ambient temperature rises due to a fire or the like, Temperature rise inside the shelter can be suppressed.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the underground shelter according to claim 2, further comprising a first fixed rod for supporting the first heat insulating lid.

According to this configuration, since the first fixing rod for supporting the first heat insulating lid is provided, the first heat insulating lid is supported by the first fixing rod in a state where the first heat insulating lid is attached to the first opening. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the first heat insulating lid from falling off from the first opening.

  The invention according to claim 4 is the underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the main body further includes an intermediate floor in which a second opening is formed, and the intermediate floor is a bottom floor. It is provided between the ceiling and the second opening is provided with a hatch.

  According to this configuration, the main body further includes an intermediate floor in which a second opening is formed, the intermediate floor is provided between the bottom floor and the ceiling, and the second opening is provided with a hatch. The internal space of the main body is divided into two in the vertical direction by the intermediate floor. Moreover, it becomes movable up and down by the hatch. Thereby, the accommodation number of shelters can be increased.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the underground shelter according to claim 4, further comprising a second heat insulating lid that can be attached to and detached from the second opening.

  According to this configuration, since the second opening is provided with a detachable second heat insulating lid, by attaching the second heat insulating cover to the second opening, when the ambient temperature rises due to a fire or the like, The temperature rise below the internal space of the shelter divided into two in the vertical direction by the intermediate floor can be further suppressed as compared to the upper side.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the underground shelter according to claim 5, further comprising a second fixing rod for supporting the second heat insulating lid.

According to this configuration, since the second fixing rod for supporting the second heat insulating lid is provided, the second heat insulating lid is supported by the second fixing rod in a state where the second heat insulating lid is attached to the second opening. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the second heat insulating lid from falling off from the second opening.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the door is disposed in a recess formed in a solid foundation, and the main body is water for supplying the recess. It has the storage tank which stores water.

  According to this structure, the door is arrange | positioned by the recessed part which can be stored in water formed in the solid foundation. Moreover, since it has the water storage tank which stores the water for supplying to a recessed part, water can be stably supplied to a recessed part. By evacuating to the shelter and storing the water in the recess, even if the surrounding temperature rises due to a fire or the like, the temperature rise inside the shelter can be suppressed by the latent heat effect of the stored water .

  The invention according to claim 8 is the underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the side wall includes a plurality of protrusions extending outward.

  According to this structure, since the side wall includes a plurality of protrusions extending outward, the surface area of the side wall increases. Thereby, the heat dissipation effect is increased, and the temperature rise inside the shelter can be suppressed. Moreover, there is a concern that the main body and the ground around the main body may be shifted due to the seismic force. However, since the shear resistance between the main body and the ground is increased by the protrusions, the deviation can be suppressed. Thereby, the main body can be buried in the ground in a stable state.

  The invention according to claim 9 is the underground shelter according to claim 8, wherein the protrusions are arranged at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction and the circumferential direction.

  According to this configuration, since the protrusions are arranged at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction and the circumferential direction, the effect can be enhanced by appropriately arranging them according to the ground conditions and the like.

  The invention according to claim 11 is characterized in that a lift device is provided in the upper part of the door.

  According to this structure, weak persons, such as a disabled person, an elderly person, and a child, can evacuate to a shelter quickly.

It is the top view which abbreviate | omitted a part of door of the underground shelter of this Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. It is a top view explaining the door of the underground shelter of this Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a partial expanded side surface sectional view same as the above. It is a partial front sectional view of the underground shelter and the transport device of Embodiment 2. It is a top view explaining opening and closing of the door of the underground shelter of this Embodiment 2. It is a front view which shows the door vicinity of the underground shelter of this Embodiment 2.

  Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 2, an underground shelter 1 made of reinforced concrete according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a shelter 1) is a solid foundation 30 and a main body 2 fixed to the solid foundation 30 and embedded in the ground. It has. The solid foundation 30 constitutes the surface layer of the parking lot pavement 3. The main body 2 is a cylindrical body having a bottom and a ceiling having a ceiling 21, a side wall 22, and a bottom floor 24, and has an internal space partitioned by an intermediate floor 23. Further, the door 5 is provided on the ceiling 21, and the door body 50 constituting a part of the door 5 seals the first opening 25 a formed in the ceiling 21. As an example in the first embodiment, the outer diameter of the main body 2 is 2.8 m, the thickness of the solid foundation 30 constituting the door 5 is 45 cm, and the thickness of the ceiling 21, the side wall 22, and the bottom floor 24 is 40 cm. . By securing this thickness, the shelter 1 has a predetermined radiation shielding performance.

  The parking lot pavement 3 has a structure in which a solid foundation 30 is laid on the upper surface (the ground surface 400) of the base layer 36. The base layer 36 is used to distribute and transmit the load received by the solid foundation 30 from the vehicle to the ground 300 and to firmly support the solid foundation 30. Thereby, the solid foundation 30 is supported by the ground 300 via the base layer 36 in a stable state without causing subsidence due to the vehicle load being loaded for a long period of time and non-uniform subsidence due to an earthquake. A slope 34 is provided for connecting the vehicle entry portion to the ground without causing a step. In addition, car stops 32 and 32 are provided to park the vehicle safely and reliably. Furthermore, a gravel layer 31 is provided in the center. Rainfall on the upper surface of the solid foundation 30 is collected in the gravel layer 31 and stored in the water tank 40.

  The material and thickness of the base layer 36 are determined as appropriate depending on the strength of the ground 300 and the like. For example, when the ground 300 has a predetermined strength, the base layer 36 can be omitted and the solid foundation 30 can be directly placed on the ground 300.

  The main body is provided at the rear portion of the solid foundation 30 (behind the car stopper 32 in plan view), and the reinforcing bars arranged on the solid foundation 30 and the reinforcing bars arranged on the main body 2 are connected to each other. Thus, the solid base 30 is fixed. Thereby, the weight of the main body 2 and the seismic force loaded on the main body 2 can be distributed and borne by the entire foundation 30. As a result, consolidation settlement of the ground 300 and uneven settlement of the main body 2 due to seismic force can be suppressed.

  The main body 2 has a cylindrical side wall 22, a bottom floor 24, and a ceiling 21, and a cylindrical internal space is formed. Further, the internal space is divided into two layers by the intermediate floor 23, and a first internal space 5a located above and a second internal space 5b located below are formed.

  A first heat insulating layer 29 a is provided on the ceiling 21, the side wall 22, and the wall surface of the intermediate floor 23 of the first internal space 5 a. Thereby, the raise of the internal temperature of the 1st internal space 5a by flame heat can be suppressed. The material and thickness of the first heat insulating layer 29a are appropriately determined by setting the target heat insulating performance of the first internal space.

  Protrusions 45 extending horizontally outward at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction and the circumferential direction are fixed to the side wall 22. As the surface area of the side wall 22 increases, the heat dissipation effect increases, and the temperature rise in the first internal space 5a and the second internal space 5b can be suppressed. Moreover, there is a concern that the main body 2 and the ground 300 around the main body may be shifted due to the seismic force. However, since the shear resistance between the main body 2 and the ground 300 is increased by the protrusion 45, the deviation can be suppressed. Thereby, the main body 2 can be buried in the ground in a stable state.

  The ceiling 21 is formed with a first opening 25a for entering and exiting between the external space and the first internal space 5a. The first opening 25a has a rectangular shape in plan view, and the shape is a quadrangular frustum that extends downward. The first opening 25a is sealed with a first heat insulating lid 26a. The 1st heat insulation lid | cover 26a is a shape corresponding to the 1st opening part 25a, and is normally mounted in the place where the 1st internal space 5a was defined. In use, the first heat insulating lid 26a is inserted upward into the first opening 25a. As a result, the first opening 25a is sealed. Moreover, after insertion, the 1st heat insulation lid | cover 26a is supported by the 1st fixing rod 110a extended in an up-down direction. As a result, the sealing can be made stronger and the first heat insulating lid 26a can be prevented from falling off.

  The first fixing rod 110a has an extendable structure. In a normal state, a predetermined place in the first internal space 5a with one end in contact with the first heat insulating layer 29a disposed on the ceiling 21 and the other end in contact with the first heat insulating layer 29a disposed on the intermediate floor 23. Fixed to.

  A second heat insulating layer 29 b is provided on the side wall 22 of the second internal space 5 b and the wall surface of the intermediate floor 23. Since the second internal space 5b is located in a lower layer that is less susceptible to the influence of flame heat than the first internal space 5a, an increase in internal temperature is further suppressed as compared to the first internal space 5a. The material and thickness of the second heat insulating layer 29b are appropriately determined by setting the target heat insulating performance of the second internal space 5b.

  A second opening 25b for entering and exiting the first internal space 5a and the second internal space 5b is formed at the center of the intermediate floor 23. The second opening 25b has a circular shape in plan view, and the shape is a truncated cone that expands downward. A hatch 27 that opens and closes the second opening 25b is rotatably fixed to a first heat insulating layer 29a provided on the first inner space 5a side of the intermediate floor 23. The second opening 25b is sealed with a second heat insulating lid 26b. The 2nd heat insulation lid | cover 26b is a shape corresponding to the 2nd opening part 25b, and is normally mounted in the place where the 2nd internal space 5b was defined. In use, the second heat insulating lid 26b is inserted upward into the second opening 25b. Thereby, the second opening 25b is sealed. Further, after the insertion, the second heat insulating lid 26b is supported by the second fixing rod 110b extending in the vertical direction. Thereby, the sealing can be made stronger and the second heat insulating lid 26b can be prevented from falling off.

  The second fixing rod 110b has a structure that can be expanded and contracted. Under normal conditions, one end is in contact with a second heat insulating layer 29b provided on the intermediate floor 23 and the other end is in contact with a water storage tank 42 provided above the bottom floor 24. Fixed.

  In order to ensure an appropriate oxygen concentration, oxygen cylinders are prepared in the first internal space 5a and the second internal space 5b. By blowing out oxygen, the atmospheric pressure rises. Therefore, a pressure reducing valve 46 for releasing the internal pressure is also provided. Furthermore, in order to prevent an excessive increase in carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide is adsorbed with a slaked lime aqueous solution or zeolite to reduce carbon dioxide.

  The water W1 stored in the water storage tank 40 is stored in the water storage tank 42 via the pipe 41. The water W2 stored in the water storage tank 42 is pumped by the pump 43, discharged from the water supply / drain port 35 via the pipe 44, and stored in the recess 33. By storing the water W2 in the recess 33 at the time of a fire, the temperature rise of the door body 50 and the ceiling 21 can be suppressed by the latent heat effect of water. The pipe 44 is provided with a check valve (not shown) for preventing the backflow of water. Thereby, the water W2 can be stably supplied to the recess 33. The pump 43 may be either manual or electric.

  When the fire is over, the check valve is opened, and the water W2 stored in the recess 33 is returned from the water supply / drain port 35 to the water storage tank 42 via the pipe 44. Thereby, the water W2 is drained from the recess 33. As a result, even if the door body 50 is opened, the water W2 does not enter the first internal space 5a from the first opening 25a.

  The door 5 is disposed in the concave portion 33 and includes a door body 50 made of reinforced concrete, a wheel 51 fixed to the door body 50, a track 52 that guides the traveling direction of the wheel 51, and a jack 53 that displaces the track 52 in the vertical direction. Have

  The wheels 51 are for moving the door body 50 along the track 52, and two wheels 51 are fixed to the door body 50 in total, two on one side. The wheel 51 is disposed in a groove 52a of a track 52 described later, and the installation surface of the wheel 51 has a predetermined gap between the bottom plate 12 and the ceiling 21 when the jack 53 is raised, and the door body when lowered. 50 and the ceiling 21 are set so as to be in contact with each other. That is, it is determined appropriately in consideration of the structural height of the jack 53, the stroke of the jack 53, and the like. The jack 53 is preferably a manual or electric hydraulic jack that is raised and lowered by hydraulic pressure.

  The pair of tracks 52 and 52 are for smoothly rotating the wheel 51 described above and for reliably guiding it in a predetermined direction. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the tracks 52 and 52 are provided above the ceiling 21, and are laid in the outer peripheral region of the first opening 25 a in parallel to the concave side surfaces 33 a and 33 b. The track 52 has a U-shaped cross-sectional shape that forms a groove 52a that is open upward, and is fixed to the ceiling 21 via a total of three jacks 53 at both ends and at the center. Specifically, the bottom surface of the track 52 is fixed to the cradle 53 a of the jack 53, and the bottom surface of the jack 53 is fixed to the ceiling 21.

  The length of the track 52 is longer than the length that can open and close the first opening 25a, that is, the length in the running direction of the door body 50 added to the length in the laying direction of the first opening 25a. Set to

  The interval perpendicular to the moving direction of the wheels 51 is set to be the same as the interval at which the wheels 51 can be disposed on the track 52, that is, the pair of tracks 52, 52. Thereby, the door main body 50 becomes movable along the track | orbit 52, and can open and close the 1st opening part 25a.

  At both ends of the track 52, stop plates 54a and b for closing the groove 52a are provided in a state of protruding above the groove 52a. The stop plates 54a and 54b are for restricting the movement of the wheel 51, thereby preventing deviation of the door body 50 from the track 52 in the moving direction. When the movement of the wheel 51 is restricted by the stop plate 54b, the door body 50 closes the first opening 25a. When the movement of the wheel 51 is restricted by the stop plate 54a, the door body 50 opens the first opening 25a. The part 25a is opened.

  In a state where the door main body 50 is closed, a packing 80 is annularly provided on the bottom surface of the door main body 50 facing the outer peripheral surface of the first opening 25a. Thereby, when the clearance gap which exists in the door main body 50 and the ceiling 21 is sealed, the airtightness of the 1st internal space 5a can be improved further.

  A method for sealing the first opening 25a will be described. In a state where a predetermined gap exists between the door main body 50 and the ceiling 21, that is, in a state where all the six jacks 53 are raised, the door main body 50 is moved in the direction of the first opening 25a. When the movement of the door body 50 is restricted by the stop plate 54 b, the first opening 25 a is closed by the door body 50. Thereafter, a total of six jacks 53 for fixing the tracks 52, 52 are simultaneously lowered downward to seal a predetermined gap existing between the door body 50 and the ceiling 21.

  A method for changing the first opening 25a from the sealed state to the opened state will be described. The six jacks 53 are raised at the same time so that a predetermined gap exists between the door body 50 and the ceiling 21. Thereafter, the door body 50 is moved in the direction of the stop plate 54a. When the movement of the door body 50 is restricted by the stop plate 54a, the first opening 25a is in an open state. Thereafter, the six jacks 53 are lowered at the same time so that the door body 50 and the ceiling 21 come into contact with each other, and the ceiling 21 bears the entire weight of the door body 50. Due to the frictional force acting on the door body 50 and the ceiling 21, the door body 50 can be stably placed at a predetermined position.

  A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Although the second embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, differences such as the addition of a lift device 270 will be mainly described. Corresponding member numbers are in the 200s, and explanations are used for common members. The members of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 are omitted as appropriate in the corresponding drawings of the second embodiment for convenience of explanation.

  The lift device 270 includes a top plate portion 271, a leg portion 272 that supports the top plate portion 271 and is fixed to the ground surface 400, a guide rail 273 fixed to the top plate portion 271, and a lateral direction along the guide rail 273. , A rope 275 suspended from the hook 274, and a wheelchair 276 suspended from the rope 275. The wheelchair 276 is moved laterally over the door 205 in a suspended state. Open the door 205 and lower it to the first basement B1 or the second basement B2. The wheelchair 276 may be suspended from the hook portion 274 via the automobile 290. The top plate portion 271 is preferably connected to the carport. The hook part 274 is moved by an electric winch (not shown). By providing the second hook portion 274a on the first basement floor B1, a person can be moved from the first basement floor B1 to the second basement floor B2 using an electric winch (not shown).

  The lift device 270 of the second embodiment can quickly accommodate disabled persons, elderly people, children, and the like. Moreover, since it is close to the parking lot, it can be quickly evacuated from the automobile 290.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the upper lid 205a and the nuclear protection lid 205b are connected so as to be interlocked and move manually or electrically. Thereby, safety can be improved and operability can be improved. A wood deck 299 is provided in the evacuation route.

  Underground shelters that can cope with radiation, earthquakes, fires, and tsunamis can be easily installed on narrow land. Especially in densely populated areas, the industrial utility value is great.

1: Underground shelter 2: Body 3: Parking lot pavement 5: Door 5a: 1st internal space 5b: 2nd internal space 21: Ceiling 22: Side wall 23: Intermediate floor 24: Bottom floor 25a: 1st opening part 25b: 1st 2 opening 26a: 1st heat insulation lid | cover 26b: 2nd heat insulation lid | cover 27: Hatch 29a: 1st heat insulation layer 29b: 2nd heat insulation layer 30: Solid foundation 31: Gravel layer 32: Car stop 33: Recess 35: Water supply / drain port 36: Base layer 40: Reservoir 42: Reservoir tank 43: Pump 45: Projection body 50: Door body 51: Wheel 52: Track 52a: Groove 53: Jack 53a: Receptor 54a, b: Stop plate 80: Packing 110a: First fixed Rod 110b: Second fixed rod 205: Door 205a: Upper lid 205b: Nuclear protection lid 270: Lift device 271: Top plate portion 272: Leg portion 273: Guide rail 274: Hook portion 75: Rope 276: Roll 290: Automotive 274a: second hook portion 299: wood deck 300: Soil 400: surface W1, w2: Water

Claims (10)

An underground shelter made of reinforced concrete,
A solid foundation that is laid on the ground and forms the surface of the parking lot pavement ,
A body having a bottom floor, a ceiling and a side wall;
Opening and closing the first opening formed in the ceiling, and a sliding door type door that can be sealed,
The ceiling is fixed to the solid foundation;
The door is disposed in a parking lot site, and has a pair of tracks, a door main body movable along the track, and a jack connecting the ceiling and the track, When the first opening is closed by the door body, the gap generated between the door body and the ceiling is sealed by displacing the door body in the ceiling direction. shelter.   The underground shelter according to claim 1, further comprising a first heat insulating lid that can be attached to and detached from the first opening.   The underground shelter according to claim 2, further comprising a first fixing rod for supporting the first heat insulating lid. The main body further includes an intermediate floor formed with a second opening,
The intermediate floor is provided between the bottom floor and the ceiling,
The underground shelter according to claim 1, wherein the second opening is provided with a hatch.   The underground shelter according to claim 4, further comprising a second heat insulating lid that can be attached to and detached from the second opening.   The underground shelter according to claim 5, further comprising a second fixing rod for supporting the second heat insulating lid. The door is disposed in a recess formed in the solid foundation,
The underground shelter according to claim 1, wherein the main body has a water storage tank that stores water to be supplied to the recess.   The underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the side wall includes a plurality of protrusions extending outward.   The underground shelter according to claim 8, wherein the protrusions are disposed at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction and the circumferential direction. The underground shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein a lift device is provided on an upper portion of the door.

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