JP6582011B2 - 燃料電池システムを備えた輸送機器 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムを備えた輸送機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6582011B2 JP6582011B2 JP2017052642A JP2017052642A JP6582011B2 JP 6582011 B2 JP6582011 B2 JP 6582011B2 JP 2017052642 A JP2017052642 A JP 2017052642A JP 2017052642 A JP2017052642 A JP 2017052642A JP 6582011 B2 JP6582011 B2 JP 6582011B2
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Description
(1)本発明において、輸送機器とは、自動車、フォークリフト、船舶、自動二輪車、飛行機等の動力源を備えており自立走行が可能である機器または、エレベータ、ベルトコンベアなどの機器のことである。
(2)本発明における燃料電池システムとは、アンモニアを供給されて電力を供給するシステムである。燃料電池システムは、水素生成装置と、燃料電池と、バッテリ(蓄電池)を含んでいる。
(3)本発明の水素生成装置とは、アンモニアを原料として水素を生成する装置のことを指す。最も好適な形態の水素生成装置は、プラズマ反応器と、プラズマ発生用電源と、高電圧電極と、接地電極となる水素分離部とを備えており、高電圧電極と水素分離部との間の放電によってアンモニアをプラズマとし、水素分離部で水素のみを透過させて分離するプラズマ水素生成装置である。
(4)プラズマ水素生成装置に準じる水素生成装置として、触媒を用いてアンモニアを分解して水素を取り出す水素生成装置、およびプラズマ反応と触媒による反応を組み合わせた水素生成装置が適用可能である。
(5)プラズマ水素生成装置が製造する水素含有ガスは、水素分離膜により水素濃度が99.99%以上となっている。
(6)制御部は輸送機器の起動時に、以下の内容の制御を行う。
− アンモニア貯蔵手段から導入するアンモニアの流量を制御する。
− バッテリから水素生成装置に、水素生成装置の起動のための電力の供給量を制御する。さらに、水素生成装置のプラズマ発生用電源の周波数と電圧を設定してプラズマ反応器のプラズマ消費電力を制御し、水素の製造量を制御する。
− 燃料電池からモータに電力を供給する。
− バッテリの充電量を確認し、記憶しているしきい値以下の場合に、水素生成装置に供給する電力を増加させ、プラズマ反応器のプラズマ消費電力を増加させる。
− バッテリの充電量がしきい値に達するまで充電を継続する。
(7)制御部は、稼働中の燃料電池システムの発電量を一時的に超えるモータへの給電要求を受け取ったとき、以下の内容の制御を行う。
− バッテリからモータに供給する電力を増やす。すなわち、バッテリからモータに給電する。
− アンモニア貯蔵手段から導入するアンモニアの流量を増加させる。
− バッテリから水素生成装置に、水素生成装置の起動のための電力の供給量を増加させる。さらに、水素生成装置のプラズマ発生用電源の周波数と電圧を再設定してプラズマ反応器のプラズマ消費電力を増やし、水素の製造量を増加させる。
− 燃料電池からモータに供給する電力を増やす。
− バッテリの充電量を確認し、記憶しているしきい値以下の場合に、水素生成装置に供給する電力を増加させ、プラズマ反応器のプラズマ消費電力を増加させて、水素製造量を増やす。
− バッテリの充電量がしきい値に達するまで、充電を行う。
(8)本発明の燃料電池に最も好適に用いられる燃料電池は、固体高分子形燃料電池である。その他、各種の燃料電池が適用可能である。
(9)本発明の燃料電池システムとモータとを接続する電源供給路には、燃料電池およびバッテリの直流の出力電圧を交流に変換するインバータ、及び燃料電池およびバッテリの直流電圧を昇圧するためのDCDCコンバータ等の電力変換機器が接続されている。
11 アンモニア貯蔵手段(タンク)
12 水素生成装置
13 燃料電池
14 モータ
15 バッテリ
16 制御部
17 開閉弁
21 アンモニア導入路
22 水素供給路
23 第一の電力供給路
24 第二の電力供給路
25 第三の電力供給路
26 第四の電力供給路
31,32,33,34,35,36 制御線
42 プラズマ発生用電源
43 プラズマ反応器
45、57 接地電極
47、55 高電圧電極
52、62 水素分離膜
53、63 支持体
Claims (7)
- アンモニア貯蔵手段と、
アンモニアを分解して水素含有ガスを製造する水素生成装置と、
前記水素生成装置が製造した水素含有ガスを使用して発電する燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池が発電した電力の一部または全部を供給されるモータと、
前記燃料電池が発電した電力の一部または全部を供給されて、前記モータと前記水素生成装置に給電するバッテリと、
前記バッテリの充電量を監視して前記燃料電池の発電量を制御する制御部と、
前記燃料電池から前記モータに電力を供給する第一の電力供給路と、前記燃料電池から前記バッテリに電力を供給する第二の電力供給路と、前記バッテリから前記モータに電力を供給する第三の電力供給路と、前記バッテリから前記水素生成装置に電力を供給する第四の電力供給路と、
を備えており、
前記制御部が、前記水素生成装置の起動に必要な電力の最低量に対応する前記バッテリの充電量のしきい値と、前記水素生成装置の消費電力に対する水素生成量の関数と、前記燃料電池の水素消費量に対する出力電力の関数と、を記憶しており、
起動時の前記水素生成装置が、前記バッテリから前記第四の電力供給路を介して電力を供給して起動する輸送機器であって、
前記燃料電池の動作温度が、前記水素生成装置の動作温度以上であることを特徴とする輸送機器。 - 前記燃料電池の出力電力が、前記水素生成装置の消費電力より大であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の輸送機器。
- 前記水素生成装置が、
アンモニアを分解してプラズマとするための、アンモニア供給口および水素出口を備えたプラズマ反応器と、
前記バッテリに接続されたプラズマ発生用電源と、
当該プラズマ反応器の水素出口側を区画する水素分離膜と、
を備えており、
前記水素分離膜が、前記プラズマ反応器内でプラズマとなっているアンモニアから水素を分離して、前記水素出口側に通過させることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の輸送機器。 - 前記水素生成装置が、
前記プラズマ発生用電源に接続された高電圧電極を更に備えており、
前記水素分離膜は接地されており、
前記水素分離膜は、前記高電圧電極との間で放電してアンモニアをプラズマとすることを特徴とする請求項3記載の輸送機器。 - 前記制御部が、前記水素生成装置の前記プラズマ発生用電源の周波数と電圧を規定して前記プラズマ反応器のプラズマ消費電力を制御し、水素を製造することを特徴とする請求項3記載の輸送機器。
- アンモニアを冷媒とする空調装置を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1から5に記載の輸送機器。
- アンモニア貯蔵手段と、
前記アンモニア貯蔵手段から導入されるアンモニアをプラズマ放電によって分解して水素含有ガスを製造する水素生成装置と、
前記水素生成装置から供給される水素含有ガスを使用して発電する燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池が発電した電力の一部または全部を供給されるモータと、
前記燃料電池が発電した電力の一部または全部を供給され、前記モータと前記水素生成装置に給電するバッテリと、
前記水素生成装置の起動に必要な電力の最低量に対応する前記バッテリの充電量のしきい値と、前記水素生成装置の消費電力に対する水素生成量の関数と、前記燃料電池の水素消費量に対する出力電力の関数と、を記憶しており、前記バッテリの充電量を監視して前記燃料電池の発電量を制御する制御部と、
を備えており、前記燃料電池の動作温度が、前記水素生成装置の動作温度以上である輸送機器の制御方法であって、
前記輸送機器の起動時に、前記バッテリがモータと水素生成装置に同時に電力を供給し、前記アンモニア貯蔵手段がアンモニアを前記水素生成装置に供給して水素を製造する工程を備えており、
且つ、通常運転時に、前記制御部が、
前記バッテリの充電量を監視する工程と、
前記バッテリの充電量が前記しきい値を下回った場合に、前記バッテリから前記水素生成装置に供給する電力を増加させて水素製造量を増やす工程と、
前記モータの回転数を上げる命令を外部から受信した場合に、前記バッテリから前記モータに供給する電力を増加させる工程と、
前記バッテリの充電量がしきい値に達するまで、充電を行う工程と、
を備えていることを特徴とする輸送機器の運転方法。
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