JP6563839B2 - 触媒劣化診断方法および触媒劣化診断システム - Google Patents
触媒劣化診断方法および触媒劣化診断システム Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
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- F01N2550/03—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems of sorbing activity of adsorbents or absorbents
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Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る酸化触媒診断システムDS1を含んで構成されるディーゼルエンジンシステム(以下、単にエンジンシステムとも称する)1000の概略構成を模式的に示す図である。
図2は、本実施の形態において使用するHCセンサ100の構成の一例を概略的に示す断面模式図である。図2(a)は、HCセンサ100の主たる構成要素であるセンサ素子101の長手方向に沿った垂直断面図である。また、図2(b)は、図1(a)のA−A’位置におけるセンサ素子101の長手方向に垂直な断面を含む図である。
続いて、本実施の形態に係る酸化触媒診断システムDS1による劣化診断の対象たる酸化触媒600の特性について説明する。
すなわち、変換率は、酸化触媒600の上流側から流入した未燃炭化水素ガスのうち、酸化触媒600から下流側へと流出しなかったものの比率を表す。変換率が高い酸化触媒600ほど、優れた触媒能を有しているということになる。
上述のように、酸化触媒600の使用を継続した結果として所定のレベルを超えて変換率が低下してしまうと、酸化触媒600が本来意図された機能を発揮し得ないものとなる。例えば、エンジンシステム1000が自動車に搭載されるものであれば、当該自動車が環境基準を満たさなくなるなどの不具合が生じる。本実施の形態に係る酸化触媒診断システムDS1は、所定の基準に基づいて、Aged品たる酸化触媒600に問題となる程度(交換する必要がある、など)に劣化が生じているか否かを診断することで、エンジンシステム1000におけるAged品からFresh品への酸化触媒600の交換をタイムリーに行えるようにするものである。
×エンジン回転数(rpm)×気筒数/(60×2×1000)・・・・(式2)
例えば、直列4気筒のエンジンにおいてエンジン回転数が1600(rpm)の場合において、単位噴射量が3(mg/injection)で噴射時間が1.4(sec)であれば、総噴射量は0.224(g)となる。
図9は、本実施の形態において行う劣化診断の手順の一例を示す図である。本実施の形態における劣化診断は、まず、温度センサ110によって酸化触媒600の上流側近傍における排ガスGの温度(排気温度)を確認することから始まる(ステップS1)。より詳細には、電子制御装置200が温度センサ110から発せられる排気温度検知信号sg12を取得することにより、排気温度が特定される。係る排気温度は、その時点における酸化触媒600の温度とみなされる。
20 基準電極
60 電位差計
100 HC(炭化水素ガス)センサ
101 センサ素子
110 温度センサ
200 電子制御装置
300 エンジン本体部
301 燃料噴射弁
400 燃料噴射指示部
500 排気管
510 排気口
600 酸化触媒
700 浄化装置
1000 (ディーゼル)エンジンシステム
DS1 酸化触媒診断システム
G 排ガス
Pa (Aged品の)変換率プロファイル
Pf (Fresh品の)変換率プロファイル
T 閾値プロファイル
sg11 検知信号
sg12 排気温度検知信号
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関の排気経路に設けられて前記内燃機関からの排ガスに含まれる炭化水素ガスおよび一酸化炭素ガスの少なくとも一方を含む対象ガスを酸化もしくは吸着する触媒の、劣化の程度を診断する方法であって、
前記対象ガスの濃度に応じた起電力を前記対象ガスの検知信号として出力可能な対象ガス検知手段を前記排気経路の前記触媒よりも下流側に設けておき、
前記内燃機関に意図的に生成させた、前記内燃機関が定常運転状態にあるときの前記対象ガスの濃度よりも高い濃度の対象ガスを含む診断用ガス雰囲気を、前記触媒に所定時間導入した際の、前記起電力の最大変化量を診断指標値とし、前記診断指標値と前記診断用ガス雰囲気が導入されるタイミングでの前記触媒の温度に対応する閾値と比較することにより、前記触媒に許容される程度を越えた劣化が生じているか否かを診断する、
ことを特徴とする触媒劣化診断方法。 - 請求項1に記載の触媒劣化診断方法であって、
前記内燃機関が前記定常運転状態にある任意のタイミングで出された前記触媒の劣化診断の実行を指示する実行指示に応答して、前記排気経路において前記触媒よりも上流側において前記対象ガスを含む前記排ガスの温度を測定する温度測定工程と、
前記温度測定工程における前記排ガスの温度の測定に続いて、前記内燃機関から燃料を噴射することにより診断用ガスを生成する噴射工程と、
前記診断用ガスの前記触媒からの排出が開始されてから終了するまで間の前記起電力の時間変化プロファイルに基づいて前記診断指標値を特定する診断指標値特定工程と、
前記温度測定工程において測定された前記排ガスの温度を前記触媒の温度としたときの前記閾値の値と、前記診断指標値とに基づいて、前記触媒における劣化の程度を診断する診断工程と、
を行い、
前記診断工程においては、
前記診断指標値特定工程において特定された前記診断指標値が前記閾値以下である場合に、前記触媒においては許容される程度を越えた劣化は生じていないと診断し、
前記診断指標値特定工程において特定された前記診断指標値が前記閾値よりも大きい場合に、前記触媒において許容される程度を越えた劣化が生じていると診断する、
ことを特徴とする触媒劣化診断方法。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の触媒劣化診断方法であって、
前記対象ガス検知手段に、検知電極がPt−Au合金からなることで前記検知電極における触媒活性が不能化されてなる混成電位型の炭化水素ガスセンサを用いる、
ことを特徴とする触媒劣化診断方法。 - 内燃機関の排気経路に設けられて前記内燃機関からの排ガスに含まれる炭化水素ガスおよび一酸化炭素ガスの少なくとも一方を含む対象ガスを酸化もしくは吸着する触媒の、劣化の程度を診断する、触媒劣化診断システムであって、
前記排気経路において前記触媒よりも下流側に設けられてなり、前記下流側において前記対象ガスを検知し、前記対象ガスの濃度に応じた起電力を前記対象ガスの検知信号として出力可能な対象ガス検知手段と、
前記触媒劣化診断システムを制御する制御手段と、
を備え、
前記内燃機関が、前記内燃機関が定常運転状態にあるときの前記対象ガスの濃度よりも高い濃度の対象ガスを含む診断用ガス雰囲気を意図的に生成可能とされてなり、
前記触媒の劣化診断に用いる閾値を前記触媒の温度に応じて記述してなる閾値データが、あらかじめ定められたうえで所定の記憶部に保持されてなり、
前記診断用ガス雰囲気が前記触媒に所定時間導入された際の前記起電力の最大変化量を診断指標値とするときに、
前記制御手段は、前記診断指標値と前記診断用ガス雰囲気が導入されるタイミングでの前記触媒の温度に対応する前記閾値と比較することにより、前記触媒に許容される程度を越えた劣化が生じているか否かを診断する、
ことを特徴とする触媒劣化診断システム。 - 請求項4に記載の触媒劣化診断システムであって、
前記内燃機関が前記定常運転状態にある任意のタイミングで前記制御手段から出された前記触媒の劣化診断の実行を指示する実行指示に応答して、前記排気経路において前記触媒よりも上流側において前記対象ガスを含む前記排ガスの温度を測定する温度測定手段と、
前記内燃機関において燃料を噴射することにより診断用ガスを生成する噴射手段と、
前記診断用ガスの前記触媒からの排出が開始されてから終了するまで間の前記起電力の時間変化プロファイルに基づいて前記診断指標値を特定する診断指標値特定手段と、
を備え、
前記噴射手段は、前記温度測定手段における前記排ガスの温度の測定に続いて、前記内燃機関において前記燃料を噴射して前記診断用ガスを生成し、
前記制御手段は、
前記温度測定手段によって測定された前記排ガスの温度を前記触媒の温度として前記閾値の値を前記閾値データから取得し、
前記診断指標値特定手段によって特定された前記診断指標値が前記閾値以下である場合に、前記触媒においては許容される程度を越えた劣化は生じていないと診断し、
前記診断指標値特定手段によって特定された前記診断指標値が前記閾値よりも大きい場合に、前記触媒において許容される程度を越えた劣化が生じていると診断する、
ことを特徴とする触媒劣化診断システム。 - 請求項4または請求項5に記載の触媒劣化診断システムであって、
前記対象ガス検知手段が、検知電極がPt−Au合金からなることで前記検知電極における触媒活性が不能化されてなる混成電位型の炭化水素ガスセンサである、
ことを特徴とする触媒劣化診断システム。
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