JP6561596B2 - Cutting apparatus and cutting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting apparatus and a cutting method for cutting a workpiece.

  In a cutting device, when cutting a workpiece made of a difficult-to-cut material such as titanium alloy or Inconel with a cutting tool such as an end mill or a bite, the cutting edge of the cutting tool is in contact with the workpiece for a long time with a large cutting resistance. Therefore, high-temperature cutting heat is likely to be generated at the contact portion of the cutting edge, and wear of the cutting edge progresses, and the accuracy of the cut surface may be reduced.

  Therefore, for example, Patent Documents 1-3 describe a device that polishes the cutting edge of an end mill on a machine and corrects the shape of the cutting edge, and Patent Document 4 describes a plurality of tools on the circumference on the machine. An apparatus is described in which the cutting edge of a cutting tool arranged is polished to correct the shape of the cutting edge. In the cutting device provided with this tool correction device, the shape of the cutting edge can be corrected during the cutting of a workpiece made of a difficult-to-cut material, so that a reduction in the accuracy of the cutting surface can be suppressed.

JP-A-4-201040 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-239631 Japanese Patent Publication No.54-15359 International Publication No. 09/31348

  In the above-mentioned cutting tool, since the wear of the cutting edge is severe, it is necessary to frequently correct the shape of the cutting edge, and the cutting efficiency tends to decrease.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and it aims at providing the cutting device and cutting method which can suppress the fall of the precision of a cutting surface, and the fall of the efficiency of cutting.

(Cutting device)
The cutting device of the present invention is provided on a table disposed on a tool mounting side of a tool spindle, which is mounted on a tool spindle of the tool spindle, to which an annular tool having an annular cutting blade is attached, and the annular tool is rotated about the axis of the annular tool A workpiece holding table that holds the workpiece so as to be rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the annular tool, and the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool is a rake face on the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table. And a cutting device that can be arranged in a relative positional relationship in which the end surface of the annular tool is a flank, and a measuring device that measures the tool state of the annular tool with the annular tool attached to the tool spindle, provided on the table, holding a rotatably grindstone around an axis inclined to the axis of the annular tool to allow polishing the outer periphery of the annular tool, modifying the shape of the annular tool with the grinding wheel A tool correction device that, in a state in which the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table is disposed on the relative positional relationship, the workpiece and rotating the annular tool, the machine tool according to an arc portion of the cutting edge of the annular tool A control device that controls a cutting operation of the outer periphery of the object, rotates the grindstone and the annular tool, and controls a correction operation of the outer periphery of the annular tool by the grindstone based on a measurement result of the measuring device. .

  The cutting with the annular tool shows a pulling action in which the outer peripheral surface rotates and cuts into the workpiece, and a pulling action in which the chips are pulled out by the rotating outer peripheral surface. Therefore, in this cutting process, the cutting heat generated in the cutting edge by the rotation of the annular tool is distributed over the entire outer peripheral surface, and the cutting force is reduced by the above action, thereby reducing the temperature of the cutting edge. It is possible to suppress deterioration of the state of the cutting edge and suppress a decrease in accuracy of the cut surface of the workpiece. In this cutting apparatus, since the annular tool can be corrected on the machine, the setup time for tool change can be shortened, the reduction in cutting efficiency can be suppressed, and the correction limit of the annular tool can be reduced. The tool can be used continuously and the tool cost can be reduced.

(Cutting method)
A cutting method according to the present invention is provided on a table disposed on a tool mounting side of a tool spindle of a tool spindle that attaches an annular tool having an annular cutting edge and rotates the annular tool around an axis of the annular tool. A workpiece holder that holds the workpiece rotatably about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the annular tool, and an axis of the annular tool provided on the table so that the outer periphery of the annular tool can be polished. A tool correction device that holds a grindstone rotatably around an axis inclined with respect to the tool and corrects the shape of the annular tool with the grindstone, and the tool spindle and the workpiece holding base are arranged on an outer periphery of the annular tool. face is the rake face, the a cutting method in the annular tool end surface flank become relative positional relation to the cutting processable cutting device arranged in the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table is the phase In a state of being arranged in a positional relationship, the workpiece and rotating the annular tool, a cutting step of cutting the outer periphery of the workpiece in the arc portion of the cutting edge of the annular tool, the annular tool the tool A measuring step of measuring the tool state of the annular tool in a state of being attached to the spindle, and rotating the grindstone and the annular tool, and based on a measurement result in the measuring step, the outer peripheral surface shape of the annular tool with the grindstone A correction process for correcting. According to the cutting method of the present invention, the same effects as those of the above-described cutting apparatus can be obtained.

It is a figure showing the whole cutting device composition concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is a front view which shows the annular tool used for the cutting device of FIG. 2B is a side view of the annular tool of FIG. 2A. FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the outline of the cutting control by an annular tool, and the correction control of an annular tool. It is the figure seen from the rotation-axis direction of the workpiece | work which shows the cylindrical cutting state by the plunge direction feed by an annular tool. It is the figure which looked at FIG. 4A from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of a workpiece. It is the figure which looked at the state where the initial runout of the radial direction has occurred in the annular tool from the rotation axis direction of the annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the correction method of the initial deflection in the radial direction from the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the state in which the initial runout of the axial direction has generate | occur | produced in the annular tool from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of the annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the correction method of the initial runout in the axial direction from the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the state which the abrasion near the blade edge | tip of an annular tool has generate | occur | produced from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of an annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the method of grind | polishing the flank of an annular tool and removing a wear location from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of an annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the method of grind | polishing the rake face of an annular tool and removing a wear part from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of an annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the state which ground the cutting edge of the cutting edge of an annular tool in R shape from the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of an annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the state which ground the blade edge of the cutting edge of an annular tool in C chamfering shape from the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of an annular tool.

(1. Machine configuration of the cutting device)
As an example of the cutting apparatus, a 5-axis vertical machining center will be described as an example and will be described with reference to FIG. That is, the cutting device 1 is a machine having three linear axes (X, Y, Z axes) and two rotation axes (A axis, C axis) orthogonal to each other as drive axes.
As shown in FIG. 1, a cutting apparatus 1 includes a bed 2, a feed table 3, a column 4, a slider 5, a spindle head 6, a tool spindle 7, a tilt table 8, and a turntable 9 (the present invention). And a tool correcting device 10, a measuring device 20, an automatic tool changing device 30, a control device 100, and the like.

The bed 2 is formed in a rectangular plate shape and disposed on the floor. A table 3 and an automatic tool changer 30 are disposed on the bed 2. A column 4 is erected on the rear side of the bed 2.
The feed table 3 is provided on a guide member 31 disposed on the bed 2 and extending in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction) so as to be slidable in the Y-axis direction. A feed table motor 33 having a ball screw mechanism 32 for sliding the feed table 3 in the Y-axis direction is provided in the guide member 31.
The column 4 is formed in a gate shape, and a slider 5 is disposed on the upper member 41 of the column 4.

The slider 5 is provided so as to be movable in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) along a guide surface 41 a formed on the front surface of the upper member 41 of the column 4. A slider motor 52 having a ball screw mechanism 51 for moving the slider 5 in the X-axis direction is provided on the upper member 41 of the column 4.
The spindle head 6 is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) along a guide surface 5 a formed on the front surface of the slider 5. A spindle head motor 62 having a ball screw mechanism 61 for moving the spindle head 6 in the Z-axis direction is provided in the slider 5.

  The tool spindle 7 extends in the Z-axis direction on the spindle head 6 and is supported so as to be rotatable around the Z-axis. A spindle motor 72 having a gear mechanism 71 that rotates the tool spindle 7 around the Z-axis is incorporated in the spindle head 6. A tool holder 73 is attached to the lower end of the tool spindle 7, and an annular tool 90 for cutting the workpiece W is detachably attached to the tool holder 73. That is, the annular tool 90 is attached to the spindle head 6 so as to be rotatable around the Z axis.

  The tilt table 8 is formed in a cradle shape and is supported by a pair of tilt table support portions 81 so as to be rotatable (swingable) about the A axis parallel to the Y axis with respect to the feed table 3. A turntable 9 is disposed on the upper surface of the tilt table 8. A tilt table motor 82 that rotates (swings) the tilt table 8 about the A axis is provided on one tilt table support portion 81.

  The turntable 9 is formed in a disc shape, and is supported by the tilt table 8 so as to be rotatable around the C axis parallel to the Z axis with respect to the tilt table 8. A turntable motor 99 that rotationally drives the turntable 9 about the C axis is provided in the tilt table 8. A workpiece W is placed and fixed on the turntable 9.

  The tool correction device 10 includes a grindstone base 11, a pair of grindstone support sections 12, a grindstone shaft 13, a grindstone 14, and the like. The grindstone table 11 is supported by a pair of grindstone table support parts 12 so that it can rotate (swing) around the grindstone axis axis Rd parallel to the Y axis with respect to the feed table 3. The grindstone shaft 13 is supported by the grindstone table 11 so as to be rotatable around the grindstone axis Rg parallel to the Z axis with respect to the grindstone table 11. The grindstone 14 is formed in a ring shape and is detachably attached to the upper surface of the grindstone shaft 13. A grinding wheel base motor 15 that rotates (swings) the grinding wheel base 11 around the grinding wheel base axis Rd parallel to the Y axis is provided in one of the grinding wheel base support portions 12. A grindstone motor 16 that rotates the grindstone shaft 13 together with the grindstone 14 around the grindstone axis Rg parallel to the Z-axis is provided in the grindstone base 11.

The measuring device 20 is, for example, a video microscope that can image the annular tool 90, and includes a first measuring device 21 that can image in the Z-axis direction and a second measuring device 22 that can image in the X-axis direction.
The automatic tool changer 30 is provided with a plurality of annular tools 90 (not shown). The automatic tool changer 30 is configured to automatically change the annular tool 90 with the tool spindle 7.

  For example, when cutting the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical workpiece W, the control device 100 drives and controls the tilt table motor 82 to incline the workpiece W at a predetermined angle so that the spindle motor 72 and the turntable The motor 99 is driven and controlled to rotate the annular tool 90 and the workpiece W, and the drive table motor 33, slider motor 52 and spindle head motor 62 are driven and controlled to control the annular tool 90 and the workpiece. Relative movement of W in the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction causes the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 to be cut into the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W to cut the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W. Do.

  Moreover, the control apparatus 100 is parallel to the X-axis at right angles to the rotation axis Rt, the outline of the cutting edge 91r seen from the direction of the rotation axis Rt of the annular tool 90 shown in FIG. The position of one of the two points where the straight line H intersects (hereinafter referred to as “the cutting edge position Q1 on the flank 91c side”) is obtained. Also, the position of one of the two points of the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r viewed from the direction perpendicular to the rotational axis Rt of the annular tool 90 shown in FIG. , “The cutting edge position Q2 on the rake face 91b side”). Then, based on the obtained cutting edge position Q1 on the flank face 91c side or cutting edge position Q2 on the rake face 91b side, the tool state, that is, the rotational runout amount and end face runout amount of the annular tool 90 and the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 are obtained. Find the amount of wear.

  Then, the control device 100 drives and controls the spindle motor 72 and the grindstone motor 16 based on the obtained tool state to rotate the annular tool 90 and the grindstone 14, and when necessary, for the grindstone table. The motor 15 is driven and controlled to incline the grindstone 14 at a predetermined angle, and the feed table motor 33, the slider motor 52, and the spindle head motor 62 are driven and controlled to move the annular tool 90 and the grindstone 14 in the X-axis direction, By relatively moving in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the flank face 91c of the annular tool 90 is easily ground on the machine, that is, without removing the annular tool 90 from the tool spindle 7, and the annular tool 90 is polished by the grindstone 14. 90 corrections are made.

(2. Configuration of control device)
As shown in FIG. 1, the control device 100 includes a feed table movement control unit 101, a slider movement control unit 102, a head movement control unit 103, a spindle rotation control unit 104, a tilt table rotation control unit 105, A table rotation control unit 106, a wheel head rotation control unit 107, a wheel rotation control unit 108, a correction control unit 109, and the like are provided. Here, each of the units 101 to 109 can be configured by individual hardware, or can be configured by software.

The feed table movement control unit 101 controls the rotational drive of the feed table motor 33 to reciprocate the feed table 3 along the guide member 31 in the Y-axis direction.
The slider movement control unit 102 controls the rotational drive of the slider motor 52 to reciprocate the slider 5 in the X axis direction along the guide surface 41a.
The head movement control unit 103 controls the rotational drive of the spindle head motor 62 to reciprocate the spindle head 6 in the Z-axis direction along the guide surface 5a.
The spindle rotation control unit 104 controls the rotation drive of the spindle motor 72 to drive the tool spindle 7 to rotate around the Z axis.

The tilt table rotation control unit 105 controls the rotational drive of the tilt table motor 82 to rotate (swing) the tilt table 8 about the A axis by a predetermined angle.
The turntable rotation control unit 106 controls the rotation drive of the turntable motor 99 to drive the turntable 9 to rotate about the C axis or to rotate by a predetermined angle.
The wheel head rotation control unit 107 controls the rotation driving of the wheel head motor 15 to drive the wheel head 11 to rotate (swing) by a predetermined angle around the wheel head axis Rd.
The grindstone rotation control unit 108 controls the rotational drive of the grindstone motor 16 to drive the grindstone 14 about the grindstone axis Rg.

  The correction control unit 109 includes an outer diameter of the flank 91c, which is an end face of the annular tool 90, and an inclined line when the rake face 91b, which is an outer peripheral surface, is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis Rt, and a flank 91c. Tool information such as the cutting edge angle α (see FIG. 2B), which is an angle formed with a straight line when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis Rt, the wear amount threshold of the cutting edge wear amount of the annular tool 90, and the rotational runout of the annular tool 90 Rotational runout amount threshold value, end face runout threshold value of end face runout amount of annular tool 90, etc. are stored, feed table movement control unit 101, slider movement control unit 102, head movement control unit 103, spindle rotation control unit 104, grindstone The table rotation control unit 107 and the grindstone rotation control unit 108 are instructed to correct the annular tool 90.

(3. Shape of annular tool)
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the annular tool 90 includes a truncated cone-shaped tool body 91 and a cylindrical tool shaft 92 extending from a small-diameter end surface 91 a on the base side of the tool body 91. The outer peripheral surface of the tool body 91 is formed as a conical rake face 91b, and the large-diameter end face of the tool body 91 is formed as a flat flank 91c. The ridge line formed by the rake face 91b and the flank 91c of the tool body 91 is formed as a continuous circular shape, that is, a circular cutting edge 91r that is not divided in the middle. In order to maintain the strength of the cutting edge 91r, the cutting edge angle α of the annular tool 90 is formed at 45 degrees or more, preferably 70 degrees to 80 degrees.

(4. Cutting method using an annular tool)
Next, the cutting method using the annular tool 90 is performed when the outer peripheral surface Ws of the cylindrical workpiece W is cut in the circumferential direction with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B, that is, when cutting is performed by plunge direction feed. Will be described. The workpiece W is placed and fixed so that the end surface of the workpiece W is in close contact with the upper surface of the turntable 9, and the tilt table 8 is positioned so that the C axis and the Z axis are parallel. .

  First, the control device 100 rotates the tilt table 8 so that the straight line Lc parallel to the Z axis passing through the rotation axis Rw of the workpiece W and the rotation axis Rt of the annular tool 90 are parallel. Specifically, the tilt table rotation control unit 105 controls the rotation drive of the tilt table motor 82 to drive the tilt table 8 to rotate (swing) 90 degrees around the A axis.

  Then, the control device 100 rotates the workpiece W and the annular tool 90, positions the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 at the cutting point Pt on the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W, and moves the annular tool 90 in the Y axis direction. The outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W is cut in the circumferential direction. Specifically, the turntable rotation control unit 106 controls the rotation drive of the turntable motor 99 to rotate the turntable 9 around the C axis, and the workpiece W is rotated around the rotation axis Rw in the rotation direction rw. The spindle rotation control unit 104 controls the rotation drive of the spindle motor 72 to rotate the tool spindle 7 together with the annular tool 90 in the rotation direction rt around the rotation axis Rt.

  Then, the feed table movement control unit 101 controls the rotational drive of the feed table motor 33 to move the feed table 3 along the guide member 31 in the Y-axis direction, and the slider movement control unit 102 performs the slider motor 52. The head 5 is moved to the guide surface 5a by controlling the rotational drive of the spindle head motor 62 by moving the slider 5 in the X-axis direction along the guide surface 41a. The cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 is positioned at the cutting point Pt on the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W by moving along the Z-axis direction along.

  Then, the feed table movement control unit 101 controls the rotational drive of the feed table motor 33 to move the feed table 3 along the guide member 31 in the Y axis direction, so that the annular tool 90 is relatively moved in the Y axis direction. The outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W is cut in the circumferential direction by moving the workpiece. At this time, the annular tool 90 vibrates slightly due to the cutting resistance force received at the cutting point Pt, but the vibration direction vt is perpendicular to the rotation axis Rw of the workpiece W and is in the direction of the straight line Lt passing through the cutting point Pt. This is the direction rotated by the angle θ, that is, the direction rotated by the complementary angle (180 ° −θ °) of the angle θ with respect to the cutting feed direction Gp. Therefore, since the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 has a small amount of periodic separation from the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W in the radial direction due to vibration, the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W is formed on the annular tool 90 at the time of cutting. The influence of the rotational shake is difficult to be transferred, and the accuracy of the outer peripheral surface Ws is improved.

  Further, in the annular tool 90, cutting is performed by using the tool outer peripheral surface of the tool body 91 as a rake surface 91b. In the cutting process by the annular tool 90, the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 rotates while the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 rotates. It shows the pulling action that flows out when pulled. For this reason, the cutting resistance force can be reduced by the above-described cutting action, and the temperature of the cutting edge 91r can be reduced, so that the tool life of the annular tool 90 can be improved. The peripheral speed of the cutting edge 91r or the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 may be set larger than the cutting speed of the annular tool 90 (moving speed in the relative feed direction of the annular tool 90 and the workpiece W).

  Furthermore, the shear angle δ of the annular tool 90, that is, the flow direction of the chips K with respect to the cutting feed direction Gp, is larger than that in the case of push cutting in which cutting is performed without rotating the annular tool 90 due to the pulling action. Thereby, in cutting with the annular tool 90, the cutting resistance force can be reduced and the temperature of the cutting edge 91r can be reduced, so that the tool life of the annular tool 90 can be improved. As described above, in the cutting using the annular tool 90, more efficient cutting is possible in cutting difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium alloy and Inconel, where the temperature of the cutting edge 91r is a problem.

(5. Method for correcting annular tool)
Next, a method for correcting the annular tool 90 will be described. The correction items of the annular tool 90 include run-out, re-polishing, and blade edge processing (changing and honing). The runout refers to removing initial rotational runout caused by a case where the center axis of the tool body 91 of the annular tool 90 is shifted from the rotation axis Rt of the tool shaft 92, and the like. There is initial run-out removal in the radial direction by polishing. Further, the term “runout” refers to removal of initial end face runout caused by the case where the flank 91c of the annular tool 90 is formed to be inclined with respect to the XY plane, and the axial direction is obtained by polishing the flank 91c. There is initial shake removal. The re-grinding means removing a worn portion near the cutting edge of the annular tool 90 after cutting the workpiece W, and removing the worn portion by polishing the flank 91c and removing the worn portion by polishing the rake face 91b. There is. The cutting edge processing refers to polishing the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 into an R shape or a C chamfered shape in order to prevent tool chipping when cutting a hard hard-to-cut material.

  Specifically, as the initial rotational runout in the radial direction, as shown in FIG. 5A, the center axis Rt ′ of the tool body 91 of the annular tool 90 is deviated from the rotation axis Rt of the tool shaft 92 by de in the radial direction. When formed, as shown in FIG. 5B, the rake face 91 b of the annular tool 90 is polished by the outer peripheral surface of the grindstone 14 to remove the rotational deflection amount de. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5A, the correction control unit 109 includes the contour E1 (a chain line in the drawing) of the cutting edge 91r viewed from the direction of the rotation axis Rt of the annular tool 90 when there is no deviation and the measuring device 20. The cutting edge position Pe1 on the flank face 91c side where the contour E2 (illustrated solid line) of the cutting edge 91r viewed from the direction of the rotational axis Rt of the annular tool 90 and the straight line L1 passing through the rotational axis Rt and the central axis Rt ′ intersect. , Pe2 are input, and the distance between the blade edge positions Pe1, Pe2 is obtained as the rotational shake amount de. Then, the grindstone rotation control unit 107 controls the rotation drive of the grindstone motor 15 to move the grindstone table 11 at a predetermined angle around the grindstone axis Rd, that is, the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 and the outer peripheral surface of the grindstone 14. Are rotated (oscillated) by an angle at which they become parallel (the cutting edge angle α of the annular tool 90).

  The grindstone rotation control unit 108 controls the rotation drive of the grindstone motor 16 to rotate the grindstone 14 about the grindstone axis Rg, and the spindle rotation control unit 104 controls the rotation drive of the spindle motor 72. Then, the tool spindle 7 is rotated together with the annular tool 90 in the rotation direction rt around the rotation axis Rt. Then, as described above, the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 is polished by the rotational runout amount de on the outer peripheral surface of the grindstone 14 by the control of the feed table movement control unit 101, the slider movement control unit 102, and the head movement control unit 103. Remove the initial rotational runout in the radial direction.

  As the initial end face runout in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. 6A, the flank 91c of the annular tool 90 is formed to be inclined with respect to the XY plane so as to be shifted by df at the maximum in the rotation axis Rt direction. As shown in FIG. 6B, the flank 91c of the annular tool 90 is polished by the upper end surface of the grindstone 14 to remove the end face deflection df. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6A, the correction control unit 109 is on the rake face 91 b side of the cutting edge 91 r when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis Rt of the annular tool 90 and parallel to the Y axis when there is no inclination. And the cutting edge position Pf2 on the rake face 91b side of the cutting edge 91r viewed from the direction perpendicular to the rotational axis Rt of the annular tool 90 measured by the measuring device 20 and parallel to the Y axis, are input. , Pf2 is obtained as an end face deflection amount df. Then, the wheel head rotation control unit 107 controls the rotation driving of the wheel head motor 15 to rotate (swing) the wheel head 11 around the wheel head axis Rd so that the wheel axis is parallel to the Z axis. That is, it is rotated (oscillated) so that the flank 91c of the annular tool 90 and the upper end surface of the grindstone 14 are parallel to each other.

  The grindstone rotation control unit 108 controls the rotation drive of the grindstone motor 16 to rotate the grindstone 14 about the grindstone axis Rg, and the spindle rotation control unit 104 controls the rotation drive of the spindle motor 72. Then, the tool spindle 7 is rotated together with the annular tool 90 in the rotation direction rt around the rotation axis Rt. Then, as described above, the relief surface 91c of the annular tool 90 is polished on the upper end surface of the grindstone 14 by the amount of rotational deflection df under the control of the feed table movement control unit 101, the slider movement control unit 102, and the head movement control unit 103. To remove the initial edge runout in the axial direction.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7A, the vicinity of the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 changes from an initial state indicated by a one-dot chain line to a worn state indicated by a solid line by grinding. In this worn state, the flank 91c and the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 are eroded, that is, the flank 91b has a cutting edge wear amount of a distance dr in the radial direction from the edge of the cutting edge 91r on the flank face 91c side. On the side, a cutting edge wear amount corresponding to a distance dh is generated in the direction of the rotation axis Rt from the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7B, the flank 91c of the annular tool 90 is polished by the upper end surface of the grindstone 14 by a distance dh to remove the worn portion, and as shown in FIG. There is a method in which the rake face 91b is polished on the outer peripheral surface of the grindstone 14 by a distance dr to remove the worn portion. Note that the re-polishing control operation is the same as the above-described deflection control operation, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 is easily chipped when the cutting edge 91r has an acute angle as shown by a one-dot chain line. Polish to the indicated R shape or C chamfer shape. Note that the control operations for these cutting edge treatments are the same as the above-described run-out control operations, and thus description thereof is omitted.

(6. Cutting control and correction control)
Next, the outline of the cutting control by the annular tool 90 and the correction control of the annular tool 90 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
The control device 100 rotates the annular tool 90 (step S1 in FIG. 3), and obtains the rotational deflection amount and the end face deflection amount of the annular tool 90 based on the measurement result of the measuring device 20 (step S2 in FIG. 3). Then, it is determined whether or not the obtained rotational runout amount of the annular tool 90 is equal to or less than a prestored rotational runout amount threshold value (step S3 in FIG. 3). When it is determined that the calculated rotational runout amount of the annular tool 90 exceeds the rotational shake amount threshold value, the annular tool 90 is shaken out (step S4 in FIG. 3), and the process returns to step S2 to perform the above-described processing. Do.

  On the other hand, when the control device 100 determines in step S3 that the calculated rotational runout amount of the annular tool 90 is equal to or less than the rotational shake amount threshold value, the obtained end face runout amount of the annular tool 90 is stored in advance. It is determined whether or not it is equal to or smaller than the end face shake amount threshold (step S5 in FIG. 3). When it is determined that the obtained end face runout amount of the annular tool 90 has exceeded the end face runout threshold, the runout of the annular tool 90 is performed (step S4 in FIG. 3), and the process returns to step S2 to perform the above-described processing. Do.

  On the other hand, when the control device 100 determines in step S5 that the obtained end face runout amount of the annular tool 90 is equal to or less than the end face runout amount threshold value, the control device 100 starts cutting the workpiece W by the annular tool 90 ( Step S6 in FIG. Then, it is determined whether or not the cutting of the workpiece W is completed (step S7 in FIG. 3). When it is determined that the cutting of the workpiece W is completed, the wear inspection condition is satisfied, for example, the workpiece It is determined whether or not the number of times W has been cut exceeds a predetermined number (step S8 in FIG. 3).

  On the other hand, when the control device 100 determines in step S8 that the wear inspection condition is satisfied, the control device 100 obtains the wear amount of the cutting edge of the annular tool 90 based on the measurement result of the measurement device 20 (step S9 in FIG. 3). It is determined whether the cutting edge wear amount of the annular tool 90 is equal to or less than a previously stored wear amount threshold value (step S10 in FIG. 3). When it is determined that the determined edge wear amount of the annular tool 90 exceeds the wear amount threshold value, the annular tool 90 is re-polished (step S11 in FIG. 3).

  Then, when the control device 100 determines in step S8 that the wear inspection condition is not met, in step S10, the control device 100 determines that the determined edge wear amount of the annular tool 90 is equal to or less than the wear amount threshold value. In step S11, when the re-polishing of the annular tool 90 is completed, it is determined whether there is a workpiece W to be cut next (step S12 in FIG. 3), and the workpiece to be cut next. If it is determined that W exists, the process returns to step S6 and the above-described processing is performed. On the other hand, when it is determined that there is no workpiece W to be cut next, the rotation of the annular tool 90 is stopped (step S13 in FIG. 3), and all the processes are ended.

  Since the cutting edge position coordinates of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 slightly change due to the correction operation of the annular tool 90, the control device 100 obtains a new cutting edge position coordinate before starting the cutting operation and loops to the cutting edge position. By positioning the cutting edge 91r of the tool 90, the processing accuracy may be further improved. The cutting edge position coordinates of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 changed by the correcting operation of the annular tool 90 may be detected in parallel with the correcting operation of the cutting edge wear of the annular tool 90, the rotational deflection, and the correcting operation of the end face deflection, Alternatively, the detection may be performed after the correction operation is completed and before the cutting operation is started. The detection means may be directly detected by image analysis by an imaging device, contact detection by a sensor, or the like, or indirectly detected by calculation or estimation from a movement trajectory or the like during the correction operation of the annular tool 90. Also good.

(7. Others)
In the above-described embodiment, the correction control unit 109 is configured to measure the tool state of the annular tool 90 based on the measurement result of the video microscope. However, the cutting resistance is changed by the fluctuation of the drive current of the spindle motor 72. May be configured to predict the tool state of the annular tool 90.
In addition, the correction control unit 109 is configured to obtain the wear part dr reaching the rake face based on the measurement result of the video microscope, but extends from the wear part dh reaching the flank 91c to the rake face. You may comprise so that the wear part dr may be estimated.

The wear inspection condition is that the number of times the workpiece W has been cut exceeds a predetermined number. However, when the workpiece W has been cut for a predetermined time, the amount of cutting of the workpiece W exceeds the predetermined amount. Or when the workpiece W is completely cut.
The correction control unit 109 may correct the annular tool 90 with the grindstone 14 on the opposite side across the processing point and the rotation axis Rt while the workpiece W is being cut with the annular tool 90. Good. Thereby, production efficiency can further be improved.
Further, the correction control unit 109 may estimate or calculate the wear amount of the annular tool 90 based on the wear inspection condition. Thereby, the measuring apparatus 20 becomes unnecessary.

Moreover, although the tool main body 91 of the annular tool 90 is formed in a truncated cone shape, the cross section perpendicular to the axis may be a circle, and may be formed in, for example, a cylindrical shape or an inverted truncated cone shape. In this case, since the flank may interfere with the workpiece W when the rake face is positive, the annular tool in this case makes the rake face negative or dents the flank face to cause interference with the workpiece W. To prevent.
In the present embodiment, the workpiece holding table is used as the turntable 9 and the workpiece W is rotated. However, the workpiece W is not limited to the rotating body and may be a member that moves linearly relative to the annular tool 90. Good.

(8. Effect)
The cutting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is provided with an annular tool 90 having an annular cutting edge 91r, a tool spindle 7 for rotating the annular tool 90 about the axis Rt of the annular tool 90, and a turntable 9 for attaching a workpiece W. The workpiece spindle 7 and the turntable 9 are arranged in a relative positional relationship in which the tool outer peripheral surface of the annular tool 90 is a rake surface 91b and the tool end surface of the annular tool 90 is a flank 91c. A cutting device 1 capable of measuring a tool state of the annular tool 90 with the annular tool 90 attached to the tool spindle 7 and rotating by the tool spindle 7 with the annular tool 90 attached to the tool spindle 7. The tool correction device 10 that corrects the shape of the annular tool 90 in the state of being operated, the tool spindle 7 and the turntable 9 (workpiece holding table) are arranged in a relative positional relationship. Controls W cutting operation, and a control unit 100 for controlling the corrective action of the annular tool 90 by the tool correction device 10, a based on the measurement result of the measuring device 20.

  The cutting by the annular tool 90 shows a pulling action in which the outer peripheral surface rotates while cutting into the workpiece W, and a pulling action in which chips are pulled by the rotating outer peripheral surface and flow out. Therefore, in this cutting process, the cutting resistance generated by the cutting edge 91r is reduced by the above action in combination with the fact that the cutting heat generated in the cutting edge 91r by rotating the annular tool 90 is distributed over the entire outer peripheral surface. The temperature can be reduced, the deterioration of the state of the cutting edge 91r can be suppressed, and the deterioration of the accuracy of the cut surface of the workpiece W can be suppressed. And in this cutting device 1, since the annular tool 90 can be corrected on the machine, the setup time for tool replacement can be shortened, the reduction in the efficiency of cutting can be suppressed, and the annular tool 90 The tool can be used up to the correction limit, and the tool cost can be reduced.

In addition, the measuring device 20 measures the amount of wear of the cutting edge of the annular tool 90 as the tool state of the annular tool 90, and the tool correcting device 10 corrects the shape of the annular tool 90 according to the amount of cutting edge wear. The burden of the work for correcting the wear of the annular tool 90 can be reduced.
Further, the control device 100 stores the wear amount threshold value of the cutting edge wear amount, and controls the tool correction device 10 so that the cutting edge wear amount is equal to or less than the wear amount threshold value, so that the cutting of the workpiece W with high accuracy is maintained. it can. The control device 100 determines the correction amount based on the cutting edge wear amount and the cutting edge angle α of the annular tool 90, and instructs the tool correction device 10 to correct the correction amount, so that the annular tool 90 can be corrected with high accuracy. It becomes. Since the tool correction device 10 corrects the end face shape of the annular tool 90, it can be easily corrected.

The measuring device 20 measures the amount of deflection of the annular tool 90 as the tool state of the annular tool 90, and the tool correction device 10 corrects the shape of the annular tool 90 according to the amount of deflection. It is possible to reduce the burden of the deflection correction work of the tool 90.
Further, since the control device 100 stores the deflection amount threshold value of the annular tool 90 and controls the tool correction device 10 so that the deflection amount of the annular tool 90 is equal to or less than the deflection amount threshold value, a highly accurate workpiece The cutting of W can be maintained. Specifically, the measuring device 20 measures the rotational runout amount of the annular tool 90, and the tool correction device 10 corrects the outer peripheral surface shape of the annular tool 90 according to the rotational runout amount. Can be corrected. The measuring device 20 measures the end face runout amount of the annular tool 90, and the tool correction device 10 corrects the end face shape of the annular tool 90 according to the end face runout amount, so that the annular tool 90 can be easily corrected.

  In the cutting device 1 of the present embodiment, since the annular tool 90 is rotated, the influence of the rotational runout of the annular tool 90 necessarily affects the machining accuracy. In order to increase the machining accuracy, it is necessary to reduce the rotational runout of the annular tool 90. However, when the tool shape of the annular tool 90 is corrected by an apparatus outside the machine, even if the influence of the rotational runout due to the tool shape itself can be reduced, the rotational runout due to the attachment of the tool to the tool spindle 7 remains. The accuracy may be reduced. And the adjustment process for making the rotational runout resulting from tool attachment small is needed, and work efficiency falls. According to the cutting device 1 of the present embodiment, the rotational runout caused by the tool shape itself and the rotational runout caused by the tool attachment can be simultaneously removed on the machine, so that the machining accuracy and work efficiency can be improved.

Moreover, since the control apparatus 100 commands the tool correction apparatus 10 to process the cutting edge of the annular tool 90, it is possible to prevent tool chipping when cutting a hard hard-to-cut material.
In addition, since the control device 100 controls the tool correction device 10 while measuring the cutting edge position of the annular tool 90 with the measurement device 20, simple correction control is performed.
Moreover, since the tool correction apparatus 10 is provided with the rotating grindstone 14, the tool end surface and tool outer peripheral surface of the annular tool 90 can be corrected.

  In the cutting method of the present embodiment, an annular tool 90 having an annular cutting edge 91r is attached, the tool spindle 7 that rotates the annular tool 90 around the axis Rt of the annular tool 90, and a turntable 9 to which a workpiece W is attached ( The tool spindle 7 and the turntable 9 are arranged in a relative positional relationship in which the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool 90 becomes a rake face 91b and the end face of the annular tool 90 becomes a flank 91c. It is a cutting method in the cutting device 1 that can be processed, and the annular tool 90 is measured on the basis of the measurement process of measuring the tool state of the annular tool 90 with the annular tool 90 attached to the tool spindle 7 and the measurement result in the measurement process. Is attached to the tool spindle 7 and the shape of the annular tool 90 is corrected while being rotated by the tool spindle 7. According to the cutting method of the present embodiment, the same effects as the effects in the cutting apparatus 1 described above can be obtained.

  1: Cutting device, 7: Tool spindle, 9: Turntable, 10: Tool correction device, 14: Grinding wheel, 20: Measuring device, 90: Ring tool, 91b: Rake face, 91c: Flank, 91r: Cutting edge, 100: Control device, 109: Correction control unit, α: Cutting edge angle, W: Workpiece

Claims (13)

A tool spindle that attaches an annular tool having an annular cutting edge and rotates the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool;
A workpiece holder that is provided on a table disposed on the tool mounting side of the tool spindle and holds the workpiece rotatably around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the annular tool;
With
A cutting apparatus capable of arranging the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table in a relative positional relationship in which an outer peripheral surface of the annular tool is a rake face and an end face of the annular tool is a flank face,
A measuring device for measuring the tool state of the annular tool with the annular tool attached to the tool spindle;
A tool that is provided on the table, holds a grindstone so as to be rotatable around an axis inclined with respect to the axis of the annular tool so that the outer periphery of the annular tool can be polished, and corrects the shape of the annular tool with the grindstone A correction device;
In a state where the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table are arranged in the relative positional relationship, the workpiece and the annular tool are rotated, and the outer periphery of the workpiece is cut by the arc portion of the cutting edge of the annular tool. A control device for controlling operation, rotating the grindstone and the annular tool, and controlling a correction operation of the outer periphery of the annular tool by the grindstone based on a measurement result of the measuring device;
A cutting device comprising: The measuring device measures a rotational runout amount of the annular tool as a tool state of the annular tool,
The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the tool correction device corrects an outer peripheral surface shape of the annular tool according to the amount of deflection. A tool spindle that attaches an annular tool having an annular cutting edge and rotates the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool;
A workpiece holder that is provided on a table disposed on the tool mounting side of the tool spindle and holds the workpiece rotatably around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the annular tool;
With
A cutting apparatus capable of arranging the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table in a relative positional relationship in which an outer peripheral surface of the annular tool is a rake face and an end face of the annular tool is a flank face,
A measuring device for measuring the tool state of the annular tool with the annular tool attached to the tool spindle;
Tool correction that is provided on the table and holds a grindstone rotatably around an axis parallel to the axis of the annular tool so that the outer periphery of the annular tool can be polished, and corrects the shape of the annular tool with the grindstone Equipment,
In a state where the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table are arranged in the relative positional relationship, the workpiece and the annular tool are rotated, and the outer periphery of the workpiece is cut by the arc portion of the cutting edge of the annular tool. A control device that controls the operation, rotates the grindstone and the annular tool, and controls the correction operation of the end face of the annular tool by the grindstone based on the measurement result of the measuring device;
A cutting device comprising: The measuring device measures an end face runout amount of the annular tool as a tool state of the annular tool,
The cutting device according to claim 3, wherein the tool correction device corrects an end face shape of the annular tool in accordance with the amount of deflection.   The said control apparatus memorize | stores the deflection amount threshold value of the deflection amount of the said annular tool, and controls the said tool correction apparatus so that the deflection amount of the said annular tool may be below the said deflection amount threshold value. Cutting equipment. The measuring device measures the edge wear amount of the annular tool as a tool state of the annular tool,
The said tool correction apparatus is a cutting apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-5 which corrects the shape of the said annular tool according to the said amount of edge wear.   The cutting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the control device stores a wear amount threshold value of the cutting edge wear amount, and controls the tool correction device so that the cutting edge wear amount is equal to or less than the wear amount threshold value.   The cutting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the control device determines a correction amount based on the cutting edge wear amount and a cutting edge angle of the annular tool, and commands the tool correction device to perform correction with the correction amount. The said control apparatus is a cutting apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-8 which instruct | indicates the blade edge process of the said annular tool to the said tool correction apparatus. Wherein the control device controls the tool correction device while measuring by the measuring device a cutting edge position of the annular tool, cutting device according to any one of claims 1-9. The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein the tool correction device includes a rotating grindstone. An annular tool having an annular cutting edge is attached, a tool spindle for rotating the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool, and a table disposed on the tool attachment side of the tool spindle, the axis of the annular tool A workpiece holding base for holding the workpiece rotatably around an axis perpendicular to the axis, and an axis inclined with respect to the axis of the annular tool so that the outer periphery of the annular tool can be polished. A tool correction device that holds the grindstone rotatably and corrects the shape of the annular tool with the grindstone, and the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table have a rake face as an outer peripheral surface of the annular tool, A cutting method in a cutting apparatus capable of performing cutting by arranging in a relative positional relationship where the end face of the annular tool serves as a flank,
The workpiece and the annular tool are rotated in a state where the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table are arranged in the relative positional relationship, and the outer periphery of the workpiece is cut by the arc portion of the cutting edge of the annular tool. Cutting process to
A measuring step of measuring the tool state of the annular tool with the annular tool attached to the tool spindle;
A correction step of rotating the grindstone and the annular tool, and correcting an outer peripheral surface shape of the annular tool with the grindstone based on a measurement result in the measurement step;
A cutting method comprising: An annular tool having an annular cutting edge is attached, a tool spindle for rotating the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool, and a table disposed on the tool attachment side of the tool spindle, the axis of the annular tool A workpiece holding base for holding the workpiece rotatably around an axis perpendicular to the axis, and a rotation on an axis parallel to the axis of the annular tool so as to polish the outer periphery of the annular tool provided on the table A tool correcting device that holds the grindstone as possible and corrects the shape of the annular tool with the grindstone, and the tool spindle and the workpiece holding base are configured such that an outer peripheral surface of the annular tool is a rake surface, and the annular A cutting method in a cutting apparatus capable of performing cutting by arranging in a relative positional relationship in which the end face of the tool becomes a flank,
The workpiece and the annular tool are rotated in a state where the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table are arranged in the relative positional relationship, and the outer periphery of the workpiece is cut by the arc portion of the cutting edge of the annular tool. Cutting process to
A measuring step of measuring the tool state of the annular tool with the annular tool attached to the tool spindle;
A correction step of rotating the grindstone and the annular tool, and correcting an end face shape of the annular tool with the grindstone based on a measurement result in the measurement step;
A cutting method comprising:

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