JP6617454B2 - Cutting apparatus and cutting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting apparatus and a cutting method.

  In a cutting device, the cutting blade of the cutting tool comes into contact with the workpiece for a long time with a large cutting resistance, so that high-temperature cutting heat is likely to be generated at the contact portion of the cutting blade, which may reduce the tool life. . Thus, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe a cutting apparatus that performs cutting by changing the contact angle between the cutting tool and the workpiece within the effective angle range of the cutting edge. According to this cutting device, the tool life can be extended.

JP 2006-231428 A JP-A-6-277901

  The cutting device described above uses a cutting tool as a cutting tool, and there is a limit to the extension of the tool life when a workpiece made of a difficult-to-cut material such as titanium alloy or Inconel is cut. Some cutting devices have been proposed in which a tool correction device is provided on the machine and a workpiece can be cut while correcting the cutting tool as a cutting tool. However, the cost tends to increase by the amount of the tool correction device. In particular, the cutting tool has a three-dimensionally complicated shape, and the structure of the tool correction device that can cope with this shape becomes complicated, resulting in high costs.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances. When a workpiece made of a difficult-to-cut material is cut, the tool life can be improved, and cutting that can be easily corrected on the machine is possible. An object is to provide an apparatus and a cutting method.

(Cutting device)
The cutting device of the present invention includes an annular tool having an annular cutting edge, a tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool, and a workpiece holder that holds a workpiece. A control device that controls the relative position between the tool spindle and the workpiece holder and the rotation of the tool spindle, and the controller includes the tool spindle and the workpiece holder on the annular tool. The outer peripheral surface is a rake surface, the end surface of the annular tool is arranged in a relative positional relationship to be a flank surface, the workpiece is processed with the annular tool while the annular tool is rotated, and the annular tool needs to be corrected. The relative angle between the annular tool and the workpiece is changed to an angle different from that during the machining, the annular tool is brought into contact with the workpiece while rotating the annular tool, Perimeter The abrading correcting the said annular tool.

  In this cutting process with an annular tool, the rake face of the annular tool rotates and cuts into the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece, so that the cutting resistance can be reduced and the temperature of the cutting edge can be reduced. The tool life of the tool can be improved. Since the annular tool has a simple shape having an outer peripheral surface and an end surface, the annular tool can be corrected by bringing the annular tool into contact with the workpiece. Therefore, a conventional tool correcting device is provided on the machine. There is no need, and the cost of the cutting device can be suppressed.

(Cutting method)
A first cutting method of the present invention includes an annular tool having an annular cutting edge, a tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool around an axis of the annular tool, and a workpiece that holds a workpiece. A cutting method of a cutting apparatus comprising a holding table, wherein the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table have a relative positional relationship in which an outer peripheral surface of the annular tool serves as a rake face and an end face of the annular tool serves as a flank face. An arrangement step of arranging the annular tool, a machining step of machining the workpiece with the annular tool while rotating the annular tool, and when the modification of the annular tool becomes necessary, the annular tool and the workpiece An angle changing step for changing the relative angle to an angle different from that during the machining, and the annular tool is brought into contact with the workpiece while rotating the annular tool, and the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool is worn to wear the annular tool. Osamu And a correcting step of performing. According to the cutting method of this invention, there exists an effect similar to the effect in the 1st cutting apparatus mentioned above.

It is a figure showing the whole cutting device composition concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is a front view which shows the annular tool used for the cutting device of FIG. 2B is a side view of the annular tool of FIG. 2A. FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the cutting control and correction control of the cutting device of FIG. It is the figure seen from the rotation main axis direction of the workpiece | work which shows the correction control state of the rake face of an annular tool. It is the figure seen from the rotation main axis direction of the workpiece | work which shows the correction control state of the end surface of an annular tool. It is the figure seen from the rotation main axis direction of the workpiece which shows the cutting process state by a ring tool. It is an enlarged view of the periphery of the cutting edge of the annular tool of FIG. 5A. It is a flowchart for demonstrating another form of cutting control and correction control of the cutting device of FIG. It is the figure seen from the rotation main axis direction of the workpiece | work which shows the cutting state of another form by an annular tool. It is an enlarged view of the periphery of the cutting edge of the annular tool of FIG. 5A. It is the figure which looked at the state where the initial runout of the radial direction has generate | occur | produced in the annular tool from the rotation axis direction of the annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the correction method of the initial deflection in the radial direction from the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the state in which the initial runout of the axial direction has generate | occur | produced in the annular tool from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of the annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the correction method of the initial runout in the axial direction from the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the state which the abrasion near the blade edge | tip of an annular tool has generate | occur | produced from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of an annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the method of grind | polishing the flank of an annular tool and removing a wear location from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of an annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the method of grind | polishing the rake face of an annular tool and removing a wear part from the direction orthogonal to the rotating shaft line of an annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the state which ground the cutting edge of the cutting edge of an annular tool in R shape from the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of an annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the state which ground the blade edge of the cutting edge of an annular tool in C chamfering shape from the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of an annular tool.

(1. Machine configuration of the cutting device)
As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting apparatus 1 includes a workpiece holding table 10, a bed 20, a tailstock 30, a carriage 40, a feed table 50, a tilt table 60, a tool table 70, and measurement. The apparatus 75, the control apparatus 80, etc. are provided. In the following description, the rotation main axis Rw direction of the rotation main shaft 11 provided on the workpiece holder 10 is the Z axis direction, and the direction orthogonal to the rotation main axis Rw direction of the rotation main shaft 11 in the horizontal plane is the X axis line. A direction perpendicular to the direction, the Z-axis direction, and the X-axis direction is referred to as a Y-axis direction.

  The workpiece holder 10 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape and is installed on the bed 20. The workpiece holder 10 is provided with a rotation spindle 11 so as to be rotatable around the rotation spindle Rw. A chuck 12 having a claw 12a capable of gripping the peripheral surface on one end side of the workpiece W is attached to the rotary main shaft 11 on one end side. The rotary spindle 11 is rotationally driven by a spindle motor 13 accommodated in the workpiece holder 10.

  The bed 20 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is installed on the floor so as to extend in the Z-axis direction from the workpiece holder 10 below the rotation main shaft 11. On the upper surface of the bed 20, a pair of Z-axis guide rails 21 a and 21 b on which the tailstock 30 and the carriage 40 can slide are provided in parallel to each other so as to extend in the Z-axis direction. Further, the bed 20 is provided with a Z-axis ball screw (not shown) for driving the carriage 40 in the Z-axis direction between the pair of Z-axis guide rails 21a and 21b. A Z-axis motor 22 that rotates is disposed.

  The tailstock 30 is provided on the pair of Z-axis guide rails 21 a and 21 b so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction with respect to the bed 20. The tailstock 30 is provided with a center 31 capable of supporting the free end surface of the workpiece W gripped by the chuck 12. That is, the center 31 is provided on the tailstock 30 so that the axis of the center 31 coincides with the rotation main axis Rw of the rotation main shaft 11.

  The carriage 40 is formed in a rectangular plate shape, and is formed between the workpiece holding table 10 and the tailstock 30 on the pair of Z-axis guide rails 21 a and 21 b so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction with respect to the bed 20. Between. On the upper surface of the carriage 40, a pair of X-axis guide rails 41a and 41b on which the feed table 50 is slidable are provided in parallel to each other so as to extend in the X-axis direction. Further, the carriage 40 is provided with an X-axis ball screw (not shown) for driving the feed base 50 in the X-axis direction between the pair of X-axis guide rails 41a and 41b. An X-axis motor 42 that rotates the motor is disposed.

  The feed base 50 is formed in a rectangular plate shape, and is provided on the pair of X-axis guide rails 41 a and 41 b so as to be movable in the X-axis direction with respect to the carriage 40. On the upper surface of the feed table 50, a pair of tilt table support portions 61 that support the tilt table 60 are disposed at a predetermined interval in the Z-axis direction.

  The tilt table 60 is formed in a cradle shape, and is supported by a pair of tilt table support portions 61 so as to be rotatable (swingable) about the tilt axis Rc with respect to the feed table 50. A tool rest 70 is disposed on the upper surface of the tilt base 60. On one tilt table support portion 61, a tilt motor 62 that rotates (swings) the tilt table 60 about the tilt axis Rc is disposed.

  A tool spindle 71 is provided on the tool post 70 so as to be rotatable around the tool axis Rt. A tool motor 72 for rotating the tool spindle 71 around the tool axis Rt is disposed on the tool post 70. An annular tool 90 described later is chucked on the tool spindle 71. Further, the tool post 70 is provided with a supply nozzle 73 connected to an unillustrated cutting oil supply device that supplies cutting oil for cooling the annular tool 90.

  The measuring device 75 is, for example, a video microscope that can image the annular tool 90, and includes a first measuring device 75a that can image in the Z-axis direction and a second measuring device 75b that can image in the X-axis direction. The first measuring device 75a is provided on the tilt base support 61 so that the annular tool 90 can be imaged in the Z-axis direction. The second measuring device 75b is provided on the housing of the X-axis motor 42 so that the annular tool 90 can be imaged in the X-axis direction.

  The control device 80 includes a spindle rotation control unit 81, a carriage movement control unit 82, a feed table movement control unit 83, a tilt control unit 84, a tool rotation control unit 85, and a tool correction control unit 86. Here, each part 81-86 can also be comprised by each separate hardware, and can also be set as the structure respectively implement | achieved by software.

The main shaft rotation control unit 81 controls the main shaft motor 13 to drive the rotation main shaft 11 to rotate at a predetermined rotational speed.
The carriage movement control unit 82 controls the Z-axis motor 22 to reciprocate the carriage 40 along the pair of Z-axis guide rails 21a and 21b.
The feed table movement control unit 83 controls the X-axis motor 42 to reciprocate the feed table 50 along the pair of X-axis guide rails 41a and 41b.

The tilt controller 84 controls the tilt motor 62 to rotate (swing) the tilt base 60.
The tool rotation control unit 85 controls the tool motor 72 to rotate the annular tool 90 together with the tool spindle 71.
The tool correction control unit 86 inputs an image of the annular tool 90 from the measuring device 75, determines whether or not the annular tool 90 needs to be corrected, and when the correction of the annular tool 90 is necessary, the spindle rotation control unit 81 and the carriage A correction operation command is sent to the movement control unit 82, the feed base movement control unit 83, the tilt control unit 84 and the tool rotation control unit 85.

  The control device 80 controls the tilt motor 62 to incline the annular tool 90 at a predetermined angle, and controls the spindle motor 13 and the tool motor 72 to rotate the workpiece W and the annular tool 90. The outer peripheral surface of the annular tool 90 is cut into the workpiece W by controlling the shaft motor 42 and the Z-axis motor 22 and relatively moving the workpiece W and the annular tool 90 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. Then, the workpiece W is cut.

  Further, the control device 80 is measured by the first measuring device 75a, and the contour of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 shown in FIG. 2A viewed from the direction of the rotation axis Rt is perpendicular to the rotation axis Rt and parallel to the X axis. The position of one of the two points where the straight line H intersects (hereinafter referred to as “the cutting edge position Q1 on the flank 91c side”) is obtained. Also, the position of one of the two points of the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r viewed from the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis Rt of the annular tool 90 shown in FIG. , “The cutting edge position Q2 on the rake face 91b side”). Then, based on the obtained cutting edge position Q1 on the flank face 91c side or cutting edge position Q2 on the rake face 91b side, the tool state, that is, the rotational runout amount and end face runout amount of the annular tool 90, and the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 are obtained. Find the amount of wear.

  Then, the control device 80 controls the tilt motor 62 to tilt the annular tool 90 at a predetermined angle based on the obtained tool state, and controls the spindle motor 13 and the tool motor 72 to rotate the workpiece W. And the annular tool 90 is rotated. The X-axis motor 42 and the Z-axis motor 22 are controlled to move the workpiece W and the annular tool 90 relative to each other in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. The annular tool 90 is corrected by polishing the surface 91b of the annular tool 90 which is easy to escape with the workpiece W without removing the 90.

(2. Shape of annular tool)
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the annular tool 90 includes a right truncated cone tool body 91 and a cylindrical tool shaft 92 extending from a small-diameter end surface 91 a on the root side of the tool body 91. The outer peripheral surface of the tool body 91 is formed as a rake face 91b having a right conical surface shape, and the large-diameter end face of the tool body 91 is formed as a flat relief surface 91c. The ridge line formed by the rake face 91b and the flank face 91c of the tool body 91 is formed as a continuous circular shape, that is, a circular cutting edge 91r that is not divided in the middle. The edge angle α formed by the rake face 91b and the flank face 91c of the annular tool 90 when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the tool axis Rt is 45 degrees or more, preferably 70 degrees in order to maintain the strength of the cutting edge 91r. From 80 degrees.

  In the above-described annular tool 90, cutting is performed using the tool outer peripheral surface of the tool body 91 as the rake face 91b. In the cutting process by the annular tool 90, the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 rotates while the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 rotates. It shows the pulling action that flows out when pulled. For this reason, the cutting resistance force can be reduced by the above-described cutting action, and the temperature of the cutting edge 91r can be reduced, so that the tool life of the annular tool 90 can be improved.

(3. Method for correcting annular tool)
Next, a method for correcting the annular tool 90 will be described. The correction of the annular tool 90 does not require a special correction device, and the annular tool 90 is corrected by polishing the annular tool 90 with the workpiece W on the machine. The correction items of the annular tool 90 include run-out, re-polishing, and blade edge processing (changing and honing).

  The runout refers to removing initial rotational runout caused by a case where the center axis of the tool body 91 of the annular tool 90 is shifted from the rotation axis Rt of the tool shaft 92, and the like. There is initial run-out removal in the radial direction by polishing. Further, the term “run-out” refers to removal of initial end face run-out caused by the case where the flank 91c of the annular tool 90 is formed to be inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis Rt. There is initial shake removal in the axial direction by polishing. The re-grinding means removing a worn portion near the cutting edge of the annular tool 90 after cutting the workpiece W, and removing the worn portion by polishing the flank 91c and removing the worn portion by polishing the rake face 91b. There is. The cutting edge processing means that the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 is chamfered, that is, polished into an R chamfered shape or a C chamfered shape, in order to prevent tool chipping when cutting a hard hard-to-cut material.

Specifically, as the initial rotational runout in the radial direction, as shown in FIG. 8A, the center axis Rt ′ of the tool body 91 of the annular tool 90 is deviated from the rotation axis Rt of the tool shaft 92 by de in the radial direction. When formed, as shown in FIG. 8B, the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 is polished by the outer peripheral face Ws of the workpiece W to remove the rotational deflection amount de.
As the initial end face runout in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. 9A, the flank 91c of the annular tool 90 is inclined so as to deviate by a maximum of df in the rotation axis Rt direction with respect to the plane perpendicular to the rotation axis Rt. 9B, the flank 91c of the annular tool 90 is polished by the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W to remove the end face deflection df, as shown in FIG. 9B.

  In the cutting device 1 of the present embodiment, since the annular tool 90 is rotated, the influence of the rotational runout of the annular tool 90 necessarily affects the machining accuracy. In order to increase the machining accuracy, it is necessary to reduce the rotational runout of the annular tool 90. However, when the tool shape of the annular tool 90 is corrected by an apparatus outside the machine, even if the influence of the rotational runout due to the tool shape itself can be reduced, the rotational runout due to the attachment of the tool to the tool spindle 7 remains. The accuracy may be reduced. And the adjustment process for making the rotational runout resulting from tool attachment small is needed, and work efficiency falls. According to the cutting device 1 of the present embodiment, the rotational runout caused by the tool shape itself and the rotational runout caused by the tool attachment can be simultaneously removed on the machine, so that the machining accuracy and work efficiency can be improved.

  As shown in FIG. 10A, the vicinity of the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 changes from an initial state indicated by a one-dot chain line to a worn state indicated by a solid line by grinding. In this worn state, the flank 91c and the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 are eroded, that is, the flank 91b has an edge wear amount of a distance dr in the radial direction from the edge of the cutting edge 91r on the flank face 91c side. On the side, a cutting edge wear amount corresponding to a distance dh is generated in the direction of the rotation axis Rt from the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r. In this case, as shown in FIG. 10B, the flank 91c of the annular tool 90 is polished by the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W by a distance dh to remove the worn portion, thereby forming a new cutting edge 91r3. As shown in FIG. 10C, there is a method in which the rake surface 91b of the annular tool 90 is polished by the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece Ws by a distance dr to remove the worn portion to form a new cutting edge 91r3. In this annular tool 90, the wear of the flank 91c tends to be larger than the wear of the rake face 91b. Therefore, the flank 91c is less polished than the rake face 91b, and the tool life is reduced. Can be extended.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 is easily chipped when the cutting edge 91r has an acute angle as shown by a one-dot chain line. Polishing with the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece Ws into the R shape or C chamfered shape shown.
When the annular tool 90 is corrected, the annular tool 90 is reciprocated with respect to the workpiece W, for example, the rake face 91b is reciprocated in the tool axis Rt direction, or the flank 91c is reciprocated in the radial direction, or The tool 90 itself may be vibrated. Thereby, the correction efficiency of the annular tool 90 can be improved and the correction time can be shortened.

(4. Cutting control and correction control)
Next, the outline of the cutting control by the annular tool 90 and the correction control of the annular tool 90 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 3 in the case of cutting the outer peripheral surface Ws of the cylindrical workpiece W in the circumferential direction.

  The control device 80 rotates the annular tool 90 (step S1 in FIG. 3), and obtains the rotational deflection amount and the end face deflection amount of the annular tool 90 based on the measurement result of the measuring device 75 (step S2 in FIG. 3). Then, it is determined whether or not the obtained rotational runout amount of the annular tool 90 is equal to or less than a prestored rotational runout amount threshold value (step S3 in FIG. 3). When it is determined that the calculated rotational runout amount of the annular tool 90 exceeds the rotational shake amount threshold value, the annular tool 90 is shaken out (step S4 in FIG. 3), and the process returns to step S2 to perform the above-described processing. Do.

  Specifically, the tool correction control unit 86, as shown in FIG. 8A, the contour E1 (a chain line in the drawing) of the cutting edge 91r viewed from the direction of the rotation axis Rt of the annular tool 90 when there is no deviation and a measuring device. The cutting edge position on the flank 91c side where the contour E2 (illustrated solid line) of the cutting edge 91r viewed from the direction of the rotational axis Rt of the annular tool 90 measured in 75 and the straight line L1 passing through the rotational axis Rt and the central axis Rt ′ intersect. Pe1 and Pe2 are input, and the distance between the blade edge positions Pe1 and Pe2 is obtained as the rotational shake amount de. Then, the tool correction control unit 86 sends a correction operation command to the spindle rotation control unit 81, the carriage movement control unit 82, the feed table movement control unit 83, the tilt control unit 84, and the tool rotation control unit 85.

  4A, the tilt control unit 84 controls the rotational drive of the tilt motor 62 so that the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 and the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W are in contact with each other. It is rotated (oscillated) around the tilt axis Rc. Then, the spindle rotation control unit 81 controls the rotation driving of the spindle motor 13 to rotate the workpiece W in the rotation direction rw around the rotation axis Rw. The carriage movement control unit 82 and the feed table movement control unit 83 control the X-axis motor 42 and the Z-axis motor 22 to relatively move the workpiece W and the annular tool 90 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. By doing so, the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 is polished by the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W by the amount of the rotational deflection de to remove the initial rotational deflection in the radial direction.

  On the other hand, when the controller 80 determines in step S3 that the calculated rotational runout amount of the annular tool 90 is equal to or less than the rotational shake amount threshold value, the obtained end face runout amount of the annular tool 90 is stored in advance. It is determined whether or not it is equal to or smaller than the end face shake amount threshold (step S5 in FIG. 3). When it is determined that the obtained end face runout amount of the annular tool 90 has exceeded the end face runout threshold, the runout of the annular tool 90 is performed (step S4 in FIG. 3), and the process returns to step S2 to perform the above-described processing. Do.

  Specifically, the tool correction control unit 86, as shown in FIG. 9A, is a rake face 91b of the cutting edge 91r viewed from a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis Rt of the annular tool 90 and parallel to the Y axis when there is no inclination. The cutting edge position Pf1 on the rake face 91b side of the cutting edge 91r viewed from the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis Rt of the annular tool 90 measured by the measuring device 20 and parallel to the Y axis is input to the cutting edge position Pf2. The distance between Pf1 and Pf2 is obtained as the end face shake amount df. Then, the tool correction control unit 86 sends a correction operation command to the spindle rotation control unit 81, the carriage movement control unit 82, the feed table movement control unit 83, the tilt control unit 84, and the tool rotation control unit 85.

  4B, the tilt controller 84 controls the rotational drive of the tilt motor 62 so that the end surface 91c of the annular tool 90 and the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W are in contact with each other, thereby tilting the workpiece W. It is rotated (oscillated) around the axis Rc. Then, the spindle rotation control unit 81 controls the rotation driving of the spindle motor 13 to rotate the workpiece W in the rotation direction rw around the rotation axis Rw. The carriage movement control unit 82 and the feed table movement control unit 83 control the X-axis motor 42 and the Z-axis motor 22 to relatively move the workpiece W and the annular tool 90 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. By doing so, the flank 91c of the annular tool 90 is polished by the outer circumferential surface Ws of the workpiece W by the amount of rotational deflection df to remove the initial end face runout in the axial direction.

  On the other hand, when the control device 80 determines in step S5 that the obtained end face runout amount of the annular tool 90 is equal to or less than the end face runout amount threshold value, the control device 80 rotates (swings) the tilt base 60 about the tilt axis Rc. Then, the tool axis Rt of the annular tool 90 is inclined (step S6 in FIG. 3). Specifically, the tilt control unit 84 controls the tilt motor 62 to drive the tilt base 60 to rotate (swing) around the tilt axis Rc and tilt the tool axis Rt of the annular tool 90 until the following state is obtained. Let That is, as shown in FIG. 5A, a straight line Lt that is perpendicular to the rotation principal axis Rw of the workpiece W and passes through the cutting point Pt on the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W is centered on the rotation principal axis Rw of the workpiece W. The tool axis line Rt of the annular tool 90 is inclined so as to be inclined by a predetermined angle θ in the cutting direction G and parallel to the obtained straight line Lc.

  Next, the control device 80 positions the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 at the cutting point Pt on the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W (step S7 in FIG. 3). Specifically, the carriage movement control unit 82 controls the Z-axis motor 22 to move the carriage 40 along the pair of Z-axis guide rails 21a and 21b. By moving the feed base 50 along the pair of X-axis guide rails 41a and 41b by controlling the motor 42, the annular tool 90 is moved to the cutting point Pt on the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W as shown in FIG. The cutting edge 91r is positioned.

  Then, the control device 80 moves the annular tool 90 in the X-axis direction with respect to the workpiece W to cut the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W in the circumferential direction (step S8 in FIG. 3). Specifically, the feed table movement control unit 83 controls the X-axis motor 42 to move the feed table 50 along the pair of X-axis guide rails 41a and 41b, thereby forming an annular shape as shown in FIG. 5A. The outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W is cut with the tool 90 in the circumferential direction.

  The control device 100 determines whether or not the wear inspection condition is satisfied in the cutting process, for example, whether the number of times of cutting the workpiece W has exceeded a predetermined number (step S9 in FIG. 3). When it is determined that the wear inspection condition is satisfied, the annular tool 90 is re-polished (step S10 in FIG. 3). Specifically, the tool correction control unit 86 is a method similar to the method of measuring the initial rotational runout in the radial direction described with reference to FIG. 8A, and is used in the radial direction of the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91 r shown in FIG. 10A. The wear amount dr is obtained, and the wear amount dr in the radial direction of the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r is removed by a method similar to the method of removing the initial rotational runout in the radial direction described with reference to FIGS. 8B and 4A. Further, the wear amount dh in the height direction of the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r shown in FIG. 10A is obtained by a method similar to the method of removing the initial end face runout in the axial direction described with reference to FIG. 9A. The wear amount dh in the height direction of the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r is removed by a method similar to the method for removing the initial rotational runout in the axial direction described with reference to FIG. 4B.

  Then, when the re-polishing of the annular tool 90 is completed, the control device 100 returns to step S6 and repeats the above processing. On the other hand, when it is determined in step S9 that the wear inspection condition is not satisfied, it is determined whether or not the cutting of the workpiece W is completed (step S11 in FIG. 3), and the cutting of the workpiece W is performed. If it is determined that the process has not been completed, the process returns to step S9 and the above-described process is repeated. On the other hand, when it is determined in step S11 that the cutting of the workpiece W has been completed, it is determined whether there is a workpiece W to be cut next (step S12 in FIG. 3), and then the cutting is performed. When it is determined that there is a workpiece W to be processed, the process returns to step S6 and the above-described processing is performed. On the other hand, when it is determined that there is no workpiece W to be cut next, the rotation of the annular tool 90 is stopped (step S13 in FIG. 3), and all the processes are ended.

  Since the cutting edge position coordinates of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 slightly change due to the correction operation of the annular tool 90, the control device 80 obtains a new cutting edge position coordinate before starting the cutting operation and loops to the cutting edge position. By positioning the cutting edge 91r of the tool 90, the processing accuracy may be further improved. The cutting edge position coordinates of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 changed by the correcting operation of the annular tool 90 may be detected in parallel with the correcting operation of the cutting edge wear of the annular tool 90, the rotational deflection, and the correcting operation of the end face deflection, Alternatively, the detection may be performed after the correction operation is completed and before the cutting operation is started. The detection means may be directly detected by image analysis by an imaging device, contact detection by a sensor, or the like, or indirectly detected by calculation or estimation from a movement trajectory or the like during the correction operation of the annular tool 90. Also good.

  Further, the control device 80 performs the re-polishing of the annular tool 90 depending on whether or not the wear inspection condition is satisfied, but the annular tool 90 may be re-polished under the following conditions. That is, the cutting edge wear amount of the annular tool 90 is obtained based on the measurement result of the measuring device 75, and it is determined whether or not the obtained cutting edge wear amount of the annular tool 90 is equal to or less than a previously stored wear amount threshold value. When it is determined that the obtained edge wear amount of the annular tool 90 exceeds the wear amount threshold value, the annular tool 90 may be re-polished.

(5. Another form of cutting control and correction control)
Next, the outline of another form of cutting control and correction control using the annular tool 90 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 6 shown corresponding to FIG. 3 in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical workpiece W. Next, the case of cutting will be described. In FIG. 6, the same processes as those in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. 6 is different from the process of FIG. 3 in that cutting is performed by changing the relative angle between the annular tool 90 and the workpiece W without re-polishing in step S10 of FIG.

The control device 80 performs the processing up to Steps S1 to S8 described in FIG. 3 and corresponds to the wear inspection condition in cutting, for example, when it is determined that the number of times of cutting the workpiece W has exceeded a predetermined number of times (FIG. 6 (step S9), returning to step S6, the following processing is performed.
That is, the control device 80 rotates (swings) the tilt base 60 about the tilt axis Rc in order to change the contact location of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 that contacts the cutting point Pt of the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W. In order to position the changed contact point of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 at the cutting point Pt on the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W, the carriage 40 is moved in the Z-axis direction and the feed table 50 is moved in the X-axis direction. (Steps S6 and S7 in FIG. 6). As the changed contact location of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90, for example, there is a cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r2 (see FIG. 7B) existing on the outer peripheral surface side that is not in contact with the end face of the annular tool 90.

  Specifically, it is assumed that the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 is worn as shown by hatching in FIG. 5B. The tilt control unit 84 controls the tilt motor 62 to rotate (swing) the tilt base 60 about the tilt axis Rc, so that the tool axis Rt of the annular tool 90 is tilted during pre-cutting (see FIG. 5A). It changes to the inclination angle (refer FIG. 7A) at the time of the next cutting process different from. The carriage movement control unit 82 controls the Z-axis motor 22 to move the carriage 40 along the pair of Z-axis guide rails 21a and 21b, and the feed carriage movement control unit 83 controls the X-axis motor 42. By controlling and moving the feed base 50 along the pair of X-axis guide rails 41a and 41b, the contact point 91r1 (see FIG. 5B) at the time of the pre-cutting and the cutting point Pt on the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W Positions the contact location 91r2 (see FIG. 7B) at the time of different next cutting. Thereafter, the processing from step S8 in FIG. 5 is executed.

(6. Others)
In the above-described embodiment, the tool correction control unit 86 is configured to measure the tool state of the annular tool 90 based on the measurement result of the video microscope. However, the tool correction control unit 86 performs cutting due to fluctuations in the drive current of the spindle motor 72. You may comprise so that resistance may be estimated and the tool state of the annular tool 90 may be estimated.
Moreover, although the tool correction control part 86 was set as the structure which calculates | requires the wear part dr reaching the rake face based on the measurement result of a video microscope, it reaches the rake face from the wear part dh reaching the flank 91c. The wear amount dr may be estimated.

The wear inspection condition is that the number of times the workpiece W has been cut exceeds a predetermined number. However, when the workpiece W has been cut for a predetermined time, the amount of cutting of the workpiece W exceeds the predetermined amount. Or when the workpiece W is completely cut.
Further, the tool correction control unit 86 may estimate or calculate the wear amount of the annular tool 90 based on the wear inspection condition. Thereby, the measuring device 75 becomes unnecessary.

In addition, the tool correction control unit 86 performs the correction by bringing the annular tool 90 into contact with the workpiece W being rotated. However, the tool correction control unit 86 makes the correction by bringing the annular tool 90 into contact with the workpiece W being stopped from rotating. You may go. Further, instead of the workpiece W, a block body may be provided on the machine, and the annular tool 90 may be brought into contact with the workpiece W for correction.
Moreover, although the tool main body 91 of the annular tool 90 is formed in a truncated cone shape, the cross section perpendicular to the axis may be a circle, and may be formed in, for example, a cylindrical shape or an inverted truncated cone shape. In this case, since the flank may interfere with the workpiece W when the rake face is positive, the annular tool in this case makes the rake face negative or dents the flank face to cause interference with the workpiece W. To prevent.

(7. Effect)
The cutting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes an annular tool 90 having an annular cutting edge 91r, a tool spindle 71 that attaches the annular tool 90, and rotates the annular tool 90 about the axis Rt of the annular tool 90, and a workpiece W. And a control device 80 for controlling the relative position between the tool spindle 71 and the workpiece holder 10 and the rotation of the tool spindle 71. And the control apparatus 80 arrange | positions the tool spindle 71 and the workpiece holding stand 10 in the relative positional relationship from which the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool 90 becomes the rake face 91b, and the end surface of the annular tool 90 becomes the flank 91c, When the workpiece W is machined by the annular tool 90 while rotating 90, and the annular tool 90 needs to be corrected, the relative angle between the annular tool 90 and the workpiece W is changed to an angle different from that during machining. Then, while rotating the annular tool 90, the annular tool 90 is brought into contact with the workpiece W to correct the annular tool 90.

  In the cutting process by the annular tool 90, since the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 rotates and shows a cutting action of cutting into the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W, the cutting resistance force is reduced to reduce the cutting edge 91r. The temperature can be reduced, and the tool life of the annular tool 90 can be improved. Since the annular tool 90 has a simple shape having an outer peripheral surface and an end surface, the annular tool 90 can be corrected by bringing the annular tool 90 into contact with the workpiece W. There is no need to provide a correction device, and the cost of the cutting device 1 can be suppressed.

In addition, the control device 80 corrects the annular tool 90 so that at least one of the end surface and the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool 90 is brought into contact with the workpiece W so that the cutting edge angle is smaller than the current cutting edge angle of the annular tool 90. Therefore, the worn portion of the annular tool 90 can be surely removed.
In addition, when the cutting edge of the current cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 is worn and needs to be re-polished, the control device 80 at least one of the end face and the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool 90 to the position of the new cutting edge. Since the annular tool 90 is corrected by wearing it, the cutting performance of the annular tool 90 can be recovered.
Further, the control device 80 brings the cutting edge 91r of the annular tool 90 into contact with the workpiece W, chamfers the shape of the cutting edge of the annular tool 90, and corrects the annular tool 90. It can be performed.
In addition, the control device 80 corrects the annular tool 90 when at least one of the number of machining, the machining time, and the machining amount of the workpiece W reaches the predetermined machining number, the predetermined machining time, and the predetermined machining amount. The cutting accuracy can be maintained with high accuracy.

Moreover, the cutting device 1 includes a measuring device 75 that measures the tool state of the annular tool 90 in a state where the annular tool 90 is attached to the tool spindle 71, and the control device 80 performs an annular operation based on the measurement result of the measuring device 75. Since the tool 90 is corrected, the correction accuracy can be improved.
In addition, since the control device 80 reciprocates or vibrates the annular tool 90 relative to the workpiece W when the annular tool 90 is corrected, the correction efficiency of the annular tool 90 can be improved and the correction time can be shortened.

  The cutting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes an annular tool 90 having an annular cutting edge 91r, a tool spindle 71 that attaches the annular tool 90, and rotates the annular tool 90 about the axis Rt of the annular tool 90, and a workpiece W. And a control device 80 for controlling the relative position between the tool spindle 71 and the workpiece holder 10 and the rotation of the tool spindle 71. And the control apparatus 80 arrange | positions the tool spindle 71 and the workpiece holding stand 10 in the relative positional relationship from which the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool 90 becomes the rake face 91b, and the end surface of the annular tool 90 becomes the flank 91c, When the workpiece W is machined at 90 and it becomes necessary to correct the annular tool 90 at the time of machining, the annular tool 90 is set so that the contact point of the annular tool 90 with respect to the workpiece W at the time of machining is different. The relative angle between the workpiece and the workpiece W is changed to an angle different from that during machining, and the annular tool 90 is brought into contact with the workpiece W at different contact points to perform the next machining.

  In the cutting process by the annular tool 90, since the rake face 91b of the annular tool 90 rotates and shows a cutting action of cutting into the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W, the cutting resistance force is reduced and the cutting edge 91r is cut. The temperature can be reduced, and the tool life of the annular tool 90 can be improved. Since the cutting with the annular tool 90 is performed by changing the contact position of the annular tool 90 with respect to the workpiece W, the cutting time for the re-polishing time can be shortened, and a tool correction device is installed on the machine. There is no need to provide it, and the cost increase of the cutting device 1 can be suppressed.

Further, the control device 80 sets the cutting edge of the cutting edge 91r2 that exists on the outer peripheral surface side that does not contact the end surface of the annular tool 90 after changing the relative angle between the annular tool 90 and the workpiece W as different contact points. Since the next processing is performed in contact with the object W, the cutting time can be shortened.
In addition, the control device 80 changes the relative angle between the annular tool 90 and the workpiece W so that at least one of the processing number, processing time, and processing amount of the workpiece W is a predetermined processing number, a predetermined processing time, and a predetermined amount. Since it is performed when the processing amount is reached, the accuracy of the cutting process can be maintained with high accuracy.
Further, the cutting device 1 includes a measuring device 75 that measures the tool state of the annular tool 90 in a state where the annular tool 90 is attached to the tool spindle 71, and the control device 80 performs an annular operation based on the measurement result of the measuring device 75. Since the relative angle between the tool 90 and the workpiece W is changed, the correction accuracy can be improved.

  The cutting method of the present embodiment includes an annular tool 90 having an annular cutting edge 91r, a tool spindle 71 for attaching the annular tool 90, and rotating the annular tool 90 about the axis Rt of the annular tool 90, and a workpiece W. It is a cutting method of the cutting device 1 provided with the workpiece holding stand 10 to hold | maintain. And the arrangement | positioning process which arrange | positions the tool spindle 71 and the workpiece holding stand 10 in the relative positional relationship from which the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool 90 becomes the rake face 91b, and the end surface of the annular tool 90 becomes the flank 91c, and the annular tool 90. When the workpiece W is processed with the annular tool 90 while being rotated, and when the annular tool 90 needs to be corrected, the relative angle between the annular tool 90 and the workpiece W is changed to an angle different from that during machining. An angle changing step to be performed, and a correction step of correcting the annular tool 90 by bringing the annular tool 90 into contact with the workpiece W while rotating the annular tool 90. According to the cutting method of this invention, there exists an effect similar to the effect in the cutting device 1 mentioned above.

  The cutting method of the present embodiment includes an annular tool 90 having an annular cutting edge 91r, a tool spindle 71 for attaching the annular tool 90, and rotating the annular tool 90 about the axis Rt of the annular tool 90, and a workpiece W. It is a cutting method of the cutting device 1 provided with the workpiece holding stand 10 to hold | maintain. And the arrangement | positioning process which arrange | positions the tool spindle 71 and the workpiece holding stand 10 in the relative positional relationship in which the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool 90 becomes the rake face 91b and the end face of the annular tool 90 becomes the flank 91c, When it is necessary to correct the annular tool 90 in the first machining step for machining the workpiece W and the first machining step, the contact point of the annular tool 90 with respect to the workpiece W at the time of the machining is set to a different contact point. Therefore, an angle changing step of changing the relative angle between the annular tool 90 and the workpiece W to an angle different from that during machining, and the second machining is performed by bringing the annular tool 90 into contact with the workpiece W at different contact points. A processing step. According to the cutting method of the present invention, the same effects as those of the above-described cutting apparatus can be obtained.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1: Cutting apparatus, 10: Workpiece holding stand, 71: Tool spindle, 75: Measuring apparatus, 80: Control apparatus, 90: Annular tool, 91b: Rake face, 91c: Relief face, 91r: Cutting edge, W: Workpiece Stuff

Claims (8)

An annular tool having an annular cutting edge;
A tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool;
A workpiece holder for holding the workpiece;
A control device for controlling the relative position between the tool spindle and the workpiece holder and the rotation of the tool spindle;
With
The control device includes:
The tool spindle and the workpiece holder are arranged in a relative positional relationship in which the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool is a rake face and the end face of the annular tool is a flank, and the annular tool is rotated while rotating the annular tool. Processing the workpiece,
When it becomes necessary to modify the annular tool, the relative angle between the annular tool and the workpiece is changed to an angle different from that during the machining, and the annular tool is moved to the workpiece while rotating the annular tool. A cutting device that makes contact with each other and wears the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool to correct the annular tool. Said control device, said outer peripheral surface of the annular tool is brought into contact with the workpiece, to correct the said annular tool such that the smaller included angle than the included angle of current of the annular tool, according to claim 1 Cutting equipment. Wherein the controller, when said cutting edge of the cutting edge of the current annular tool becomes necessary regrinding worn, modification of the annular tool abrading an outer peripheral surface of the annular tool to the position of at least the new cutting edge The cutting device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein   The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the control device makes the cutting edge of the annular tool come into contact with the workpiece and chamfers the shape of the cutting edge of the annular tool to correct the annular tool. .   The control device corrects the annular tool when at least one of the number of machining, the machining time, and the machining amount of the workpiece reaches a predetermined machining number, a predetermined machining time, and a predetermined machining amount. The cutting apparatus as described in any one of 1-4. The cutting apparatus includes a measuring device that measures a tool state of the annular tool in a state where the annular tool is attached to the tool spindle.
The said control apparatus is a cutting apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-4 which corrects the said annular tool based on the measurement result of the said measuring apparatus.   The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the control device reciprocates or vibrates the annular tool with respect to the workpiece when the annular tool is corrected. Cutting of a cutting apparatus comprising: an annular tool having an annular cutting edge; a tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool about an axis of the annular tool; and a workpiece holder that holds the workpiece. A method,
An arrangement step of arranging the tool spindle and the workpiece holder in a relative positional relationship in which an outer peripheral surface of the annular tool is a rake face and an end face of the annular tool is a flank;
A machining step of machining the workpiece with the annular tool while rotating the annular tool;
An angle changing step of changing a relative angle between the annular tool and the workpiece to an angle different from that at the time of machining when correction of the annular tool becomes necessary;
A correction step of correcting the annular tool by bringing the annular tool into contact with the workpiece while rotating the annular tool, and wearing the outer peripheral surface of the annular tool;
A cutting method comprising:

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