JP6555312B2 - 過給機付きエンジン - Google Patents
過給機付きエンジン Download PDFInfo
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- JP6555312B2 JP6555312B2 JP2017185750A JP2017185750A JP6555312B2 JP 6555312 B2 JP6555312 B2 JP 6555312B2 JP 2017185750 A JP2017185750 A JP 2017185750A JP 2017185750 A JP2017185750 A JP 2017185750A JP 6555312 B2 JP6555312 B2 JP 6555312B2
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Description
エンジン1は、多気筒エンジンである。このエンジン1は、図1に示すように、燃焼室17を有するエンジン本体2を備える。エンジン本体2は、シリンダブロック12と、シリンダブロック12上に載置されるシリンダヘッド13とを備えている。シリンダブロック12の内部には、複数のシリンダ11が形成されている。図1及び図2では、一つのシリンダ11のみを示す。
図5は、エンジン1の温間時の運転領域マップ501,502を例示している。エンジン1の運転領域マップ501,502は、エンジン本体2の負荷及び回転数によって定められており、エンジン本体2の負荷の高低及び回転数の高低に対し、五つの領域に分けられている。
エンジン1は、エンジン本体2が低負荷領域(1)−1において運転しているときには、前述したようにCI燃焼を行う。自己着火による燃焼は、圧縮開始前の燃焼室17の中の温度がばらつくと、自己着火のタイミングが大きく変化する。そこで、エンジン1は、低負荷領域(1)−1において、SI燃焼とCI燃焼を組み合わせたSPCCI燃焼を行う。
エンジン1は、エンジン本体2が中負荷領域(1)−2において運転しているときも、低負荷領域(1)−1と同様にSPCCI燃焼を行う。図6の符号602は、エンジン本体2が中負荷領域(1)−2における運転状態602にて運転しているときの燃料噴射時期(符号6021,6022)及び点火時期(符号6023)並びに燃焼波形(符号6024)それぞれの一例を示している。
エンジン1は、エンジン本体2が高負荷中回転領域(2)において運転しているときも、低負荷領域(1)−1及び中負荷領域(1)−2と同様にSPCCI燃焼を行う。
エンジン本体2の回転数が低いと、クランク角が1°変化するのに要する時間が長くなる。高負荷低回転領域(3)においては、高負荷中回転領域(2)と同様に、例えば吸気行程や圧縮行程の前半に、燃焼室17内に燃料を噴射すると、燃料の反応が進み過ぎてしまって過早着火などの異常燃焼を招くおそれがある。そのため、エンジン1は、エンジン本体2が高負荷低回転領域(3)において運転しているときには、SPCCI燃焼ではなく、SI燃焼を行う。
エンジン1の回転数が高いと、クランク角が1°変化するのに要する時間が短くなる。そのため、例えば高負荷領域の高回転領域においては、前述したように分割噴射を行うことにより、燃焼室17内に混合気の成層化をすることが困難になる。そのため、エンジン1は、エンジン本体2が高回転領域(4)において運転しているときには、SPCCI燃焼ではなく、SI燃焼を行う。なお、高回転領域(4)は、低負荷から高負荷までの負荷方向における全域に広がっている。
前述したように、高負荷中回転領域(2)は、エンジン本体2の負荷が所定負荷(例えば、燃焼圧力が900kPa)以上の領域であって、SPCCI燃焼を行う領域である。高負荷中回転領域(2)においては、有効圧縮比が幾何学的圧縮比の8割以上に設定されると共に、過給機44による過給も行われる。そのため、高負荷中回転領域(2)においては、圧縮端温度が高くなる。
2 エンジン本体
6 インジェクタ(燃料噴射部)
10 ECU(制御部)
17 燃焼室
25 点火プラグ(点火部)
44 過給機
49 過給システム
52 EGR通路(外部EGRシステム)
53 EGRクーラー(外部EGRシステム)
54 EGR弁(外部EGRシステム)
70 ターボ過給機
Claims (7)
- 燃焼室を有し、幾何学的圧縮比が14以上に設定されているエンジン本体と、
前記燃焼室に配置された点火部と、
前記燃焼室内に臨んで配置されかつ、少なくともガソリンを含む燃料を噴射する燃料噴射部と、
前記燃焼室に接続された吸気通路に配設された過給機と、
前記燃焼室に接続された排気通路と前記吸気通路とをつなぐEGR通路を有し、前記吸気通路にEGRガスを還流する外部EGRシステムと、
前記点火部、前記燃料噴射部、及び前記外部EGRシステムに接続されかつ、前記点火部、前記燃料噴射部、及び前記外部EGRシステムのそれぞれに制御信号を出力する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記エンジン本体の負荷が、所定負荷よりも高く、前記燃焼室内の混合気が、前記点火部の点火によって火炎伝播による燃焼を開始した後、未燃混合気が圧縮着火により燃焼する形態の燃焼が行われる所定の運転領域において、前記エンジン本体の有効圧縮比は、前記幾何学的圧縮比の8割以上に設定し、
前記過給機は、前記燃焼室内に導入するガスの過給を行い、
燃料の噴射終了時期が圧縮行程の後半になるよう前記燃料噴射部に制御信号を出力すると共に、圧縮上死点以降に前記燃焼室内の混合気に点火をするよう前記点火部に制御信号を出力し、
前記所定の運転領域における所定負荷より高い領域では、前記エンジン本体の負荷が高くなるほど、前記燃焼室に導入される全ガスに対する前記EGRガスの割合を低下させるよう前記外部EGRシステムに制御信号を出力する過給機付きエンジン。 - 請求項1に記載の過給機付きエンジンにおいて、
前記EGR通路は、前記排気通路に配設された触媒装置の下流と、前記吸気通路の前記過給機の上流とをつなぎ、
前記制御部は、前記エンジン本体の負荷が前記所定負荷よりも高いときに、前記燃焼室内の全ガスに対するEGRガスの割合が20%以上になるよう、前記外部EGRシステムに制御信号を出力する過給機付きエンジン。 - 請求項2記載の過給機付きエンジンにおいて、
前記外部EGRシステムは、前記EGR通路に配設されかつ、前記EGRガスを冷却するEGRクーラーを有している過給機付きエンジン。 - 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の過給機付きエンジンにおいて、
圧縮上死点における前記燃焼室内の温度である圧縮端温度の推定に必要なパラメータを検知する検知部を備え、
前記制御部は、前記検知部が出力する検知信号を受けて、前記圧縮端温度が所定温度を超えるときには、圧縮上死点以降に前記燃焼室内の混合気に点火をするよう前記点火部に制御信号を出力する共に、前記圧縮端温度が所定温度以下のときには、圧縮上死点よりも前に前記燃焼室内の混合気に点火をするよう前記点火部に制御信号を出力する過給機付きエンジン。 - 請求項4に記載の過給機付きエンジンにおいて、
前記燃料噴射部は、前記エンジン本体の負荷が前記所定負荷よりも高いときには、吸気
行程中の第1噴射と、圧縮行程中の第2噴射とを行い、
前記制御部は、前記圧縮端温度が所定温度を超えるときには、前記圧縮端温度が所定温度以下のときよりも前記第1噴射の噴射量を減らしかつ、前記圧縮端温度が所定温度以下のときよりも前記第2噴射の噴射量を増やす過給機付きエンジン。 - 請求項5に記載の過給機付きエンジンにおいて、
前記制御部は、前記圧縮端温度が所定温度を超えるときには、前記圧縮端温度が所定温度以下のときよりも、前記第2噴射の噴射開始時期を進角する過給機付きエンジン。 - 燃焼室を有するエンジン本体と、
前記燃焼室に配置された点火部と、
前記燃焼室内に臨んで配置されかつ、少なくともガソリンを含む燃料を噴射する燃料噴射部と、
前記燃焼室に接続された吸気通路に配設された過給機と、
前記点火部及び前記燃料噴射部に接続されかつ、前記点火部及び前記燃料噴射部のそれぞれに制御信号を出力する制御部と、
圧縮上死点における前記燃焼室内の温度である圧縮端温度の推定に必要なパラメータを検知する検知部と、
を備え、
前記エンジン本体は、幾何学的圧縮比が14以上であると共に、所定負荷よりも負荷が高いときに、有効圧縮比を前記幾何学的圧縮比の8割以上にしかつ、前記点火部の点火によって混合気が火炎伝播による燃焼を開始した後、未燃混合気が圧縮着火により燃焼をし、
前記過給機は、前記エンジン本体の負荷が前記所定負荷よりも高いときに、前記燃焼室内に導入するガスの過給を行い、
前記制御部は、前記エンジン本体の負荷が前記所定負荷よりも高いときに、燃料の噴射終了時期が圧縮行程の後半になるよう前記燃料噴射部に制御信号を出力すると共に、圧縮上死点以降に前記燃焼室内の混合気に点火をするよう前記点火部に制御信号を出力し、
前記制御部は更に、前記検知部の推定信号を受けて、前記圧縮端温度が所定温度を超えるときには、圧縮上死点以降に前記燃焼室内の混合気に点火をするよう前記点火部に制御信号を出力する共に、前記圧縮端温度が所定温度以下のときには、圧縮上死点よりも前に前記燃焼室内の混合気に点火をするよう前記点火部に制御信号を出力する過給機付きエンジン。
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