JP6526688B2 - 二次元x線画像から三次元画像を再構築する方法 - Google Patents
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Description
a)X線撮像システムで患者の領域の一連の2DX線画像(2DX線画像のセット)を受信するステップと、
b)それらのそれぞれの投影幾何学データを備える2DX線画像の少なくとも一部を用いることによってX線撮像システムの座標系内で初期3D画像を演算するステップと、
c)2DX線画像の少なくとも一部の上に初期3D画像を投影し、そして、画像のそれぞれの投影幾何学データを調節するステップであって、調節は、画像間位置合わせ技法を用いた初期3D画像の投影との画像の位置合わせを含む、ステップと、
d)それらのそれぞれの調節される投影幾何学データを備える2DX線画像の完全なセットを用いて更新される3D画像を演算するステップと、
を含む。
− 再構築性基準を満足するならば、それらのそれぞれの調節される投影幾何学データを備える参照画像を用いることによって、或いは
− 再構築性基準を満足しないならば、それらのそれぞれの調節される投影幾何学データを備える参照画像及びそれらのそれぞれの公称投影幾何学データを備える非参照画像を用いることによって、
実施される
C形状アーム26の他端に取り付けられている。
a)本発明によって取り扱われることを意図しない初期的なステップにおいて、放射線不透過性マーカがROI、即ち、その3D画像が再構築されるべき解剖学的領域に近接するように、キャリブレーションファントム48を患者に取り付ける。
− 十分な参照画像があるか?
− 参照画像の角範囲(angular coverage)は十分であるか?
− 参照画像の角分布は十分に均一であるか?
Claims (15)
- X線撮像システムで取得される2DX線画像から3D画像を再構築する方法であって、
前記X線撮像システムのプロセッサが、
a)2DX線画像のセットの取得中に患者内に又は患者上に配置されるキャリブレーションファントムの座標系において既知の3D位置を有する少なくとも1つの放射線不透過性マーカを含む前記キャリブレーションファントムを用いる前記X線撮像システムで前記患者の領域の前記2DX線画像のセットを受信するステップであって、
前記取得される2DX線画像のセットは、
− 各々が前記キャリブレーションファントムの少なくとも1つの検出可能な放射線不透過性マーカを含む、少なくとも2つの2DX線画像と、
− 前記キャリブレーションファントムの放射線不透過性マーカが自動的に検出可能でない、少なくとも1つの2DX線画像とを含む、
ステップと、
a1)前記2DX線画像のセットから、前記キャリブレーションファントムの少なくとも1つの放射線不透過性マーカが自動的に検出される参照画像を選択し、そして、該参照画像の各々における各検出される放射線不透過性マーカの2D位置を決定するステップであって、全ての残余の画像は非参照画像として分類される、ステップと、
a2)各参照画像中の前記放射線不透過性マーカの前記3D位置の投影と前記参照画像中の対応する2D位置との間の距離が最小限化されるように、前記X線撮像システムの予め決定された投影幾何学データを用いて、前記キャリブレーションファントムの少なくとも1つの放射線不透過性マーカの前記既知の3D位置と少なくとも2つの異なる参照画像中に検出される前記放射線不透過性マーカの前記対応する2D位置との間の位置合わせを最適化することによって、前記X線撮像システムの座標系と前記キャリブレーションファントムの前記座標系との間の最適な等長変換を演算するステップと、
a3)前記最適な等長変換を前記キャリブレーションファントムの前記少なくとも1つの放射線不透過性マーカの前記3D位置に適用して、前記X線撮像システムの前記座標系内のそのそれぞれの変換された3D位置を決定するステップと、
a4)調節される投影幾何学データを用いた前記変換される3D位置の前記投影が、対応する放射線不透過性マーカの前記2D位置と最適に適合するように、前記参照画像の各々のために、前記参照画像中で検出される前記少なくとも1つの放射線不透過性マーカの前記2D位置及び前記変換される前記キャリブレーションファントムの前記放射線不透過性マーカの3D位置から、前記調節される投影幾何学データを演算するステップと、
a5)前記参照画像のみから十分な品質を備える3D画像を再構築する能力の有無を決定する再構築性基準を計算するステップと、
b)それぞれの幾何学データを備える前記2DX線画像の少なくとも一部を用いることによって前記X線撮像システムの前記座標系内で初期3D画像を演算するステップであって、該演算は、
− 前記ステップa5)において計算される前記再構築性基準を満足するならば、それぞれの調節される投影幾何学データを備える前記参照画像を用いることによって、或いは
− 前記ステップa5)において計算される前記再構築性基準を満足しないならば、それぞれの調節される投影幾何学データを備える前記参照画像及びそれぞれの予め決定された投影幾何学データを備える前記非参照画像を用いることによって、
実施されるステップと、
c)前記初期3D画像を前記非参照画像の上に投影し、そして、画像間位置合わせ技法を用いた前記初期3D画像の前記投影との前記非参照画像の位置合わせによって、前記非参照画像の前記それぞれの投影幾何学データを調節するステップと、
d)それぞれの調節される投影幾何学データを備える2DX線画像の完全なセットを用いて、更新される3D画像を演算するステップと、
を実行するように構成される、
方法。 - 前記a1)乃至d)のステップの1つ又は幾つかは、2DX線画像位置合わせ品質測定値が所定の閾値より下になるまで或いは所定数の反復に達するまで反復される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記選択ステップa1)の前記反復は、自動的に検出される放射線不透過性マーカの数を向上させるために、前記位置合わせステップa2)が行わされた後に、前記キャリブレーションファントムの前記少なくとも1つの放射線不透過性マーカの前記投影を用い、前記少なくとも1つの放射線不透過性マーカの位置は、前記X線撮像システムの前記座標系内で知られている、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの放射線不透過性マーカは、ボール形状又はニードル形状である、請求項1乃至3のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリブレーションファントムは、光学ローカライザによって検出される反射性材料で覆われる放射線不透過性マーカを含む、請求項1乃至4のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリブレーションファントムは、外科インプラントを含む、請求項1乃至5のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの放射線不透過性マーカは、外科ナビゲーションシステム内に埋め込まれる電磁位置特定装置の送信器又は受信器として使用可能な電磁コイルを含む、請求項1乃至6のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリブレーションファントムは、ボール形状の放射線不透過性マーカ、ニードル形状の放射線不透過性マーカ、及び電磁コイルの組み合わせを含む、請求項1乃至7のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップa2)は、前記予め決定された投影幾何学データに従って逆投影される前記参照画像中に検出される放射線不透過性マーカの2D位置と前記キャリブレーションファントムの前記放射線不透過性マーカの3D位置との最良の適合をもたらす、前記変換を演算することによって達成される、請求項1乃至8のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリブレーションファントムの1つの放射線不透過性マーカのみが少なくとも2つの2D画像上で検出され、前記ステップa2)における前記変換は、平行移動である、請求項1乃至9のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップa4)において、各参照画像のための前記投影幾何学データの演算のために前記予め決定された投影幾何学データに適用される変更が、画像検出器と平行な平面内のX線源の位置の変更で構成される、請求項1乃至10のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップc)において、前記非参照画像の前記予め決定された投影幾何学データに適用される調節は、画像検出器と平行な平面内の平行移動及び回転に限定される、請求項1乃至11のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ステップa1)において、少なくとも1つの放射線不透過性マーカが、互いに少なくとも15°の角度をもたらす前記取得される2DX線画像の少なくとも2つにおいて自動的に検出される、請求項1乃至12のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリブレーションファントムは、1つだけの又は2つの放射線不透過性マーカを含む、請求項1乃至13のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリブレーションファントムは、前記再構築される3D画像における外科器具のナビゲーションを可能にする位置特定素子を含む、請求項1乃至14のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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WO2015063286A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
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EP2868277B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
US10092265B2 (en) | 2018-10-09 |
US20160242724A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
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