JP6521644B2 - Dye-sensitized solar cell and dye-sensitized solar cell system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell and a dye-sensitized solar cell system.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell, in order to enhance the power generation capacity, it is necessary to reduce the internal resistance of the solar cell. For this reason, a lead-out electrode for collecting electrons generated in the dye-sensitized solar cell is often formed in the conductive layer.

  For example, JP 2005-346971 A (patent document 1) discloses that a window electrode having a porous oxide semiconductor layer having a sensitizing dye supported on the surface provided with a transparent conductive film of a transparent substrate, and conductivity on the substrate surface An electrolyte layer is disposed on at least a part of the counter electrode disposed opposite to the membrane on the side of the porous oxide semiconductor layer of the window electrode and the membrane, and the electrolyte is sealed with a sealing material. Disclosed is a wet-type solar cell in which a current collecting wire serving as an extraction electrode is provided on a transparent conductive film.

  Further, JP 2009-009866 A (Patent Document 2) discloses that a transparent substrate, a window electrode made of a conductive metal oxide having light transparency, a metal wiring which is a lead electrode formed on the window electrode, and a metal Disclosed is a dye-sensitized solar cell having a dye-adsorbed semiconductor thin film formed on a window electrode in which a wiring is not formed, an electrolyte solution, a sealing material for sealing an electrolyte solution, and a counter electrode substrate.

JP 2005-346971 A JP, 2009-009866, A

  Both the wet solar cell disclosed in JP 2005-346971 A (Patent Document 1) and the dye-sensitized solar cell disclosed in JP 2009-009866 A (Patent Document 2) have the thickness of the extraction electrode. The thickness is smaller than the sealing thickness of the electrolyte sealed by the sealing material. For this reason, if the thickness of the lead-out electrode is increased in order to reduce the internal resistance of the solar cell, the sealing thickness of the electrolyte sealed by the sealing material is increased. There is a problem that the permeation leakage which is exuded to the outside through through tends to occur and the durability is lowered. In addition, if the distance between the lead-out electrode and the porous semiconductor layer is reduced in order to reduce the internal resistance of the solar cell, the width of the sealing material is reduced, so that the electrolyte is on the first substrate side of the sealing material. And interface leakage through the interface on the side of the second substrate (in particular, the second substrate side of the sealing material has lower adhesion to the sealing material than the first substrate side, so the electrolyte seals There is a problem that the second substrate side interface leakage which exudes outside through the interface of the second substrate side of the material is easily generated, and the durability is lowered.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell, a dye-sensitized solar cell system, and a charge cover with a dye-sensitized solar cell with low internal resistance and high durability. .

  The present invention, according to one aspect, includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a first conductive layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a porous material on which a photosensitizing dye is supported. The semiconductor layer, the catalyst layer, the second conductive layer, the electrolyte, the sealing material for sealing the electrolyte, the at least one first lead-out electrode electrically connected to the first conductive layer, and the second conductive layer electrically A sealing material seals at least one second lead-out electrode to be connected, the porous semiconductor layer and the catalyst layer are not in contact, and the thickness Te of the first lead-out electrode and the second lead-out electrode is It is a dye-sensitized solar cell larger than the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte. As a result, a dye-sensitized solar cell with low internal resistance and high durability can be obtained.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the above aspect, the sealing length Dsl from the electrolyte-side end to the opposite end of the interface on the second substrate side of the sealing material is made larger than the width Dw of the sealing material be able to. As a result, a dye-sensitized solar cell with low internal resistance and high durability can be obtained.

  The dye-sensitized solar cell according to the above aspect can have a structure in which the first conductive layer, the first lead-out electrode, the second conductive layer, and the second lead-out electrode are disposed on the first substrate side. As a result, a durable and compact dye-sensitized solar cell with low internal resistance can be obtained.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the above aspect, the shape of the second substrate is more in contact with the electrolyte than the distance between the main surface of the first substrate in contact with the electrolyte and the main surface of the second substrate in contact with the electrolyte. The shape can be such that the distance between the main surface on the side of the first substrate and the main surface on the side of the second substrate opposite to or in contact with the first extraction electrode and the second extraction electrode is large. As a result, a dye-sensitized solar cell with low internal resistance and high durability can be obtained.

  According to another aspect, the present invention is a dye-sensitized solar cell system including the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the above-mentioned aspect, wherein the second substrate forms a casing. As a result, a dye-sensitized solar cell system including electronic devices powered by a dye-sensitized solar cell with low internal resistance and high durability can be obtained.

  According to the present invention, a dye-sensitized solar cell and a dye-sensitized solar cell system having low internal resistance and high durability can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. Here, (A) is a schematic plan view showing the first substrate 11 seen from the first substrate 11 side and the vicinity thereof, and (B) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross section in IB-IB of (A). FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fourth example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. It is a schematic plan view which shows the 1st substrate 11 seen from the 1st substrate side of the 6th example of the dye sensitizing solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention, and its neighborhood. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a seventh example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to one aspect of the present invention. Here, (A) is a schematic plan view showing the first substrate seen from the first substrate side and the vicinity thereof, and (B) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross section in (VII) of (A). FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a eighth example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a ninth example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to one aspect of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tenth example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an eleventh example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a twelfth example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a thirteenth example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to one aspect of the present invention. FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fourteenth example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a schematic first plan view showing a fifteenth example of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention. Here, (A) is a first schematic plan view showing the first substrate seen from the first substrate side and the vicinity thereof, and (B) is a second substrate seen from the first substrate side and the vicinity thereof It is a 2nd schematic plan view showing, and (C) is a schematic sectional view showing a section in XVC-XVC of (A) and (B). FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a dye-sensitized solar cell panel according to another aspect of the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the charge cover with a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the other aspect of this invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a dye-sensitized solar cell system according to still another aspect of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a typical dye-sensitized solar cell. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method of manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell according to one aspect of the present invention. 5 is a flow chart illustrating another example of a method of manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell according to an aspect of the present invention.

<Embodiment 1: Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell>
[Dye-sensitized solar cell]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 15, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12, and a space between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. And a sealing material 60 for sealing the first conductive layer 21, the porous semiconductor layer 30 carrying a photosensitizing dye, the catalyst layer 80, the second conductive layer 22, the electrolyte 50, and the electrolyte 50. A porous semiconductor layer including at least one first lead electrode 71 electrically connected to the first conductive layer 21 and at least one second lead electrode 72 electrically connected to the second conductive layer 22; 30 and the catalyst layer 80 are not in contact, and the thickness Te of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is larger than the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte 50 in which the sealing material 60 is sealing.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the present embodiment, the thickness Te of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is larger than the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte 50 sealed by the sealing material 60. As a result, the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 is reduced, and permeation leakage that the electrolyte 50 is leached to the outside through the sealing material 60 is less likely to occur, so the durability is enhanced.

  Here, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the present embodiment, when the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 are in contact, electrons leak from the porous semiconductor layer 30 to the catalyst layer 80, and the output performance of the solar cell is improved. It is configured not to touch in order to decrease significantly. There is no particular limitation on the method for preventing the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 from contacting each other. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 14, the first conductive layer 21 in which the porous semiconductor layer 30 is formed and the second conductive layer 22 in which the catalyst layer 80 is formed are all on the first substrate 11 side. When formed, the porous insulating layer 40 can be disposed between the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80. In addition, as shown in FIG. 15, the first conductive layer 21 having the porous semiconductor layer 30 is formed on the first substrate 11 side, and the second conductive layer 22 having the catalyst layer 80 is formed on the second substrate. When it is formed on the 12 side, the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 can be arranged so as not to be in contact with each other without the porous insulating layer. Also in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 shown in FIG. 15, the porous insulating layer 40 may be disposed between the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80.

  Here, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the present embodiment, the thickness Te of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is based on the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte 50 sealed by the sealing material 60. The large structure is not particularly limited. For example, the first substrate in contact with electrolyte 50 than the distance between main surface 11m on the first substrate 11 side in contact with electrolyte 50 and main surface 12ma on the second substrate 12 in contact with electrolyte 50 It is formed by processing into a shape such that the distance between the main surface 11m on the side 11 and the main surface 12mc on the second substrate 12 opposite to or in contact with the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 becomes large. . Here, the main surface 11 m on the first substrate 11 side refers to the main surface including the first conductive layer 21 formed on the main surface of the first substrate 11. The main surface on the second substrate 12 side refers to the main surface including the second conductive layer 22 when the second conductive layer is formed on the main surface of the second substrate 12.

  As shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 to FIG. 14, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of this embodiment, the end portion on the electrolyte 50 side at the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 The sealing length Dsl to the side end is preferably larger than the width Dw of the sealing material 60. The dye-sensitized solar cell 1 has a sealing length Dsl from an end on the electrolyte 50 side to an end on the opposite side of the interface on the second substrate 12 side of the sealing material 60 is the width Dw of the sealing material 60 Since the second substrate side interface leakage which the electrolyte 50 exudes to the outside through the interface on the second substrate 12 side of the sealing material 60 is less likely to occur from the larger, durability becomes high.

  Here, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the present embodiment, the sealing length Dsl from the end on the electrolyte 50 side in the interface on the second substrate 12 side of the sealing material 60 to the end on the other side is There is no particular limitation on the structure larger than the width Dw of the stopper 60. For example, by providing a step on the main surface 12m on the side of the second substrate 12 in contact with the sealing material 60 and installing the sealing material 60 on the 12m of the main surface where the step is present, and / or sealing By increasing the surface roughness of the main surface 12m of the second substrate 12 in contact with the stopper 60 to provide fine asperities and installing the sealing material 60 on the 12m portion of the main surface having such asperities It is formed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 14, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the present embodiment, the first conductive layer 21 and the first lead-out electrode 71 and the second conductive layer 22 and the second lead-out electrode 72 are the first substrate 11. The first conductive layer 21 and the first lead-out electrode 71 (for example, negative electrode) to the second conductive layer 22 and the second lead-out electrode 72 (for example, on the first substrate 11 which is one substrate). It is preferable to have a structure in which up to the positive electrode) is formed. Such a dye-sensitized solar cell has such a structure, so it has low internal resistance, and is highly durable and compact.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 15, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the present embodiment, the shape of the second substrate 12 is the second main surface 11 m in contact with the electrolyte 50 and the second main surface 11 m in contact with the electrolyte 50. The main surface 11m on the first substrate 11 side in contact with the electrolyte 50 and the second substrate 12 side opposite to or in contact with the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 rather than the distance between the main surface 12ma on the substrate 12 side The shape is preferably such that the distance between the main surface 12 mc and the main surface 12 mc is large. For example, the shape of second substrate 12 is such that on main surface 12m, main surface 12ma on the second substrate 12 side in contact with electrolyte 50 faces main surface 12mc facing or contacting first extraction electrode 71 and second extraction electrode 72. On the other hand, it is preferable that it is a shape which protrudes in convex shape. The dye-sensitized solar cell 1 has the first substrate 11 in contact with the electrolyte 50 more than the distance between the main surface 11 m of the first substrate 11 in contact with the electrolyte 50 and the main surface 12 ma of the second substrate 12 in contact with the electrolyte 50. Since the distance between the main surface 11m on the side and the main surface 12mc on the second substrate 12 opposite to or in contact with the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is large, the electrolyte 50 sealed by the sealing material 60 Since the first lead-out electrode 71 and the second lead-out electrode 72 having the thickness Te larger than the sealing thickness Ts can be formed, the internal resistance can be low and the durability can be high.

  As shown in FIGS. 1-14, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of this embodiment, it is preferable to include the porous insulating layer 40 arrange | positioned between the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80. As shown in FIG. By including the porous insulating layer 40 disposed between the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80, it is possible to ensure that the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 are not in contact with each other. From this point of view, it is possible to increase the dye in which the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 are not in contact even if the porous insulating layer is not disposed between the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 as shown in FIG. Also in the solar cell 1, when there is a possibility that the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 are in contact, it is preferable to dispose the porous insulating layer 40 between the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80. .

  As shown in FIG. 7, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the present embodiment, the number of the porous semiconductor layer 30, the porous insulating layer 40 and the catalyst layer 80 on which the photosensitizing dye is carried is n. And further includes n-1 intermediate conductive layers 20s and 20t, and each porous semiconductor layer 30p, 30q, 30r, each porous insulating layer 40p, 40q, 40r and each catalyst layer 80p, 80q, 80r are interposed. It is preferable to have an integrated structure in which the first conductive layer 21, n-1 intermediate conductive layers 20s and 20t, and the second conductive layer 22 are electrically connected in series. Since the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 has the above-described integrated structure, the internal resistance is low, the durability is high, and the area is large.

(First board)
As the first substrate 11, it is possible to use a translucent substrate that is translucent to light of at least a predetermined wavelength. For example, it may be formed of a material which substantially transmits light of a wavelength having an effective sensitivity to a sensitizing dye described later, and it is not necessary to have translucency to light of all wavelength regions. The thickness of the first substrate 11 is preferably 0.2 mm or more and 5 mm or less. As the first substrate 11, for example, a glass substrate such as soda glass, fused quartz glass or crystalline quartz glass, or a flexible film made of a heat resistant resin can be used.

(First conductive layer)
The first conductive layer 21 is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity and translucency, and for example, indium tin complex oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), tin oxide is doped with fluorine It is possible to use at least one selected from the group consisting of FTO and zinc oxide (ZnO). The thickness of the first conductive layer 21 is preferably 0.02 μm or more and 5 μm or less. The electric resistance of the first conductive layer 21 is preferably as low as possible, and is preferably 40 Ω / □ or less.

(Porous semiconductor layer carrying photosensitizing dye)
In the porous semiconductor layer 30 in which the photosensitizing dye is carried, the form in which the photosensitizing dye is carried in the porous semiconductor layer 30 is not particularly limited, and there are adsorption, adhesion and the like.

(Porous semiconductor layer)
The porous semiconductor layer 30 is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used as a photoelectric conversion material. For example, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, niobium oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide, zinc sulfide, indium phosphide, copper-indium sulfide ( At least one selected from the group consisting of CuInS ₂ ), copper-aluminum oxide (CuAlO ₂ ) and strontium-copper oxide (SrCu ₂ O ₂ ) can be used. Among them, it is preferable to use titanium oxide in view of high stability. The thickness of the porous semiconductor layer 30 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 0.1 μm to 100 μm. The surface area of the porous semiconductor layer 30 is preferably 10 m ² / g or more and 200 m ² / g or less.

(Photosensitizing dye)
As the photosensitizing dye, for example, sensitizing dyes such as organic dyes and metal complex dyes are used. Here, examples of organic dyes include azo dyes, quinone dyes, quinoneimine dyes, quinacridone dyes, squarylium dyes, cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, xanthene dyes, porphyrin dyes At least one selected from the group consisting of dyes, perylene dyes, indigo dyes and naphthalocyanine dyes can be used. The absorption coefficient of the organic dye is generally larger than the absorption coefficient of the metal complex dye in the form in which a molecule is coordinated to a transition metal. In addition, metal complex dyes are configured by coordination of metals to molecules. Examples of the molecule include porphyrin dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, naphthalocyanine dyes, and ruthenium dyes. As the metal, for example, Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, V, Sn, Si, Ti, Ge, Cr, Zn, Ru, Mg, Al, Pb, Mn, In, Mo, Y, Zr, Nb, Sb, La, W, Pt, Ta, Ir, Pd, Os, Ga, Tb, Eu, Rb, Bi, As, Sc, Ag, Cd, Hf, Re, Au, Ac, Tc, Te and Rh And at least one selected from the group consisting of Among them, as the metal complex dye, it is preferable to use one in which a metal is coordinated to a phthalocyanine-based dye or a ruthenium-based dye, and it is particularly preferable to use a ruthenium-based metal complex dye.

(Porous insulation layer)
As the porous insulating layer 40, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide such as silica glass or soda glass, aluminum oxide and barium titanate can be used. .

(Catalyst layer)
As the catalyst layer, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of platinum (Pt), carbon black, ketjen black, carbon nanotubes and fullerene can be used.

(Second conductive layer)
In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 14, the second conductive layer 22 is composed of the first layer 21 a and the second layer 22 a. Since the first layer 21 a of the second conductive layer 22 is usually formed simultaneously with the first conductive layer 21, the same material as the first conductive layer 21 is used, and the same thickness as the first conductive layer 21 is used. The second layer 22 a of the second conductive layer 22 is preferably made of a material that does not transmit ultraviolet light. As a material which does not transmit ultraviolet light, a material which does not transmit at least a part of ultraviolet light, preferably a material which does not transmit all of ultraviolet light is used. Materials which do not transmit at least part of ultraviolet light, preferably materials which do not transmit all ultraviolet light, include titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) And metal materials including at least one selected from the group consisting of nickel and nickel (Ni). The ultraviolet light is an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 1 nm or more and 400 nm or less. The thickness of the second layer 22a of the second conductive layer 22 is preferably 0.02 μm or more and 5 μm or less. The electric resistance of the second layer 22 a of the second conductive layer 22 is preferably as low as possible, and is preferably 40 Ω / □ or less. Moreover, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 shown in FIG. 15, the second conductive layer 22 is made of the same material as the second layer 22a.

(Electrolytes)
As the electrolyte 50, an electrolyte having at least a fluidity can be used, and for example, a liquid electrolyte such as an electrolytic solution can be suitably used. The liquid electrolyte may be a liquid containing a redox species. For example, a liquid electrolyte comprising a redox species and a solvent capable of dissolving the redox species can be used. As the redox species, for example, an I ⁻ / I ₃ ⁻ system, a Br ²⁻ / Br ³⁻ system, an Fe ²⁺ / Fe ³⁺ system, a quinone / hydroquinone system and the like can be used. More specifically, as the redox species, metal iodides such as lithium iodide (LiI), sodium iodide (NaI), potassium iodide (KI), calcium iodide (CaI ₂ ) and iodine (I ₂₎ The combination with (1) can be used. Also, use a combination of iodine and a tetraalkylammonium salt such as tetraethylammonium iodide (TEAI), tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI), tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI), tetrahexylammonium iodide (THAI), etc. You can also. Furthermore, combinations of metal bromides such as lithium bromide (LiBr), sodium bromide (NaBr), potassium bromide (KBr), calcium bromide (CaBr ₂ ) and bromine can also be used. Among them, as the redox species, it is particularly preferable to use the combination of LiI and I _2. As the solvent of the redox species, for example, a solvent containing at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonate compounds such as propylene carbonate, nitrile compounds such as acetonitrile, alcohols such as ethanol, water and aprotic polar substances is used Among them, carbonate compounds or nitrile compounds are more preferably used alone or in combination.

(Sealing material)
The sealing material 60 is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin cured by ultraviolet light (resin after UV curing) or a resin cured by heat (thermosetting resin), but since it contacts the electrolyte 50, the sealing material 60 is It is preferable to use a material that does not react chemically with the electrolyte 50. It is preferable to use an ultraviolet curable resin of at least one of a radical resin and a cationic resin as a material which does not easily cause the sealant 60 to chemically react with the electrolyte 50, and ultraviolet light including an acrylic resin which is one of radical resins. It is more preferable to use a resin after curing. Here, the radical-based resin is a resin or a cured resin in which radical polymerization (chain polymerization using free radicals as growth active species) proceeds to cure. In addition, a cationic resin is a resin that is cured or cured by the progress of cationic polymerization (chain polymerization using a cation as a growth active species). An acrylic resin is a kind of radical resin, and is a resin containing an acrylic resin such as a methacrylic resin as a main component (50% by mass or more of the whole acrylic resin), either before or after curing. Also includes the state.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, when the sealing material 60 is comprised from several sealing material, the 1st sealing material 61 which is the inner sealing material which touches the electrolyte 50, for example, and 1st sealing material When it is comprised with the 2nd sealing material 62 which is an outer side sealing material which is located in the outer side of 61 and which does not contact the electrolyte 50, the 1st sealing material 61 has preferable resin same as the above. Moreover, since the curing method is not particularly limited, the second sealing material 62 is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin after curing. However, since the second sealing material 62 is in contact with the outside air, it is preferable to use a resin having low permeability to moisture or oxygen and high adhesion to the first conductive layer 21 and the second substrate 12. As such a resin, a resin containing at least one selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, silicone resins, fluorine resins, hot melt resins, radical resins, cationic resins, and olefin resins It is preferred to use. In addition, an epoxy resin is a resin hardened | cured by the ring-opening reaction of an epoxy group, and hardened | cured resin. The silicone-based resin is a resin having a repeating unit of silicon having an organic group and oxygen as a main skeleton. The fluorine-based resin is a resin containing fluorine. A hot melt resin is a resin which is solid at normal temperature (25 ° C.) and melts when heated. For example, synthetic rubber resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer And coalesced, linear polyester and the like. The olefin-based resin is a resin obtained by polymerizing an ethylene-based hydrocarbon. In addition, in this specification, the 1st sealing material precursor and the 2nd sealing material precursor mean resin before hardening, respectively, and the 1st sealing material and the 2nd sealing material are respectively Mean the resin after curing.

(Second board)
The second substrate 12 is not particularly limited as long as the electrolyte 50 can be sealed. In the case where the sealing material 60 is a resin after ultraviolet curing, a material capable of transmitting at least a part, preferably all of the ultraviolet light, from the viewpoint of efficiently curing the resin before ultraviolet curing which is a sealing material precursor by ultraviolet light. Is used. When the sealing material 60 is a thermosetting resin, a material having a heat-resistant temperature higher than the curing temperature of the pre-hardening resin is used from the viewpoint of efficiently curing the pre-hardening resin as a sealing material precursor by heat. Be As such a material, for example, a substrate made of ordinary glass can be used, and among them, it is preferable to use a substrate made of acrylic glass. When a substrate made of acrylic glass is used, the weight of the dye-sensitized solar cell can be reduced. Here, acrylic glass is a transparent solid material of polymethyl methacrylate resin. Further, the shape of the second substrate 12 is not particularly limited. In the electrolyte in which the sealing material 60 seals the thickness Te of the first lead-out electrode 71 electrically connected to the first conductive layer 21 and the second lead-out electrode 72 electrically connected to the second conductive layer 22 From the viewpoint of reducing the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and increasing its durability by making it larger than the sealing thickness Ts, the main surface 11m on the first substrate 11 side in contact with the electrolyte 50 and the electrolyte 50 are in contact. The distance between the main surface 11m on the first substrate 11 side in contact with the electrolyte 50 and the main surface 12mc facing or touching the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 than the distance to the main surface 12ma on the second substrate 12 side It is preferable that it is a shape which becomes large. For example, the shape of second substrate 12 is such that on main surface 12m, main surface 12ma on the second substrate 12 side in contact with electrolyte 50 faces main surface 12mc facing or contacting first extraction electrode 71 and second extraction electrode 72. On the other hand, it is preferable that it is a shape which protrudes in convex shape.

(First takeout electrode)
The first lead-out electrode 71 is not particularly limited as long as it can be electrically connected to the first conductive layer 21. The first lead-out electrode 71 is preferably made of gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), nickel from the viewpoint of good electrical connection with the first conductive layer 21. Materials such as (Ni) are preferably used.

(Second lead-out electrode)
The second lead-out electrode 72 is not particularly limited as long as it can be electrically connected to the second conductive layer 22. The second lead-out electrode 72 is preferably made of gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), nickel from the viewpoint of good electrical connection with the second conductive layer 22. Materials such as (Ni) are preferably used.

[Method of producing dye-sensitized solar cell]
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 20, an example of the method for producing the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the present embodiment is a step of forming a first conductive layer S11 and a porous semiconductor layer from the viewpoint of efficient production. Forming step S21, porous insulating layer forming step S31, catalyst layer forming step S41, second conductive layer forming step S51, photosensitizing dye supporting step S61, first lead electrode and second The process includes a step of forming a lead electrode S71, a step of installing a sealing material precursor S81, a step of installing a second substrate S91, a step of forming a sealing material S101, and a step of injecting an electrolyte S111. Although each process is normally performed in order of S11, S21, S31, S41, S51, S61, S71, S81, S91, S101 and S111, the order of some processes may be changed. For example, depending on the structure of the dye-sensitized solar cell, the step S71 of forming the first extraction electrode and the second extraction electrode is not between the step S61 of supporting the photosensitizing dye and the step S81 of installing the sealing material precursor. It can also be performed after the electrolyte injection step S111. In addition, steps other than the above may be included.

(Step of forming first conductive layer)
The step S11 of forming the first conductive layer comprises forming the first conductive layer 21 on the main surface of the first substrate 11. As a method of forming the 1st conductive layer 21, methods, such as a sputtering method and a spray method, can be used, for example. In addition, a substrate in which the first conductive layer 21 is provided in advance on the main surface of the first substrate 11 may be prepared. Next, a part of the first conductive layer 21 is divided by a laser scribing method, etching, or the like to form a first layer 21 a not electrically connected to the first conductive layer 21. The first layer 21 a is a part of the second conductive layer 22 described later.

(Step of forming porous semiconductor layer)
The step S21 of forming the porous semiconductor layer comprises forming the porous semiconductor layer 30 on a part of the main surface of the first conductive layer 21. The method for forming the porous semiconductor layer 30 is not particularly limited. For example, conventionally known methods can be used. For example, a method of applying a suspension containing the above-mentioned semiconductor fine particles on a part of the first conductive layer 21 and performing at least one of drying and baking can be used.

(Step of forming porous insulating layer)
The step S31 of forming the porous insulating layer comprises forming a porous insulating layer 40 on the main surface and the side surfaces of the porous semiconductor layer 30, and between the first conductive layer 21 and the first layer 21a. . The method for forming the porous insulating layer 40 is not particularly limited, and can be formed, for example, by the same method as the porous semiconductor layer 30 described above.

(Step of forming catalyst layer)
The catalyst layer forming step S41 includes forming the catalyst layer 80 on the main surface of the porous insulating layer 40. The method for forming the catalyst layer 80 is not particularly limited, and, for example, conventionally known methods can be used. As a method of forming the catalyst layer 80 in the case of using platinum as the catalyst layer 80, for example, a method such as sputtering, thermal decomposition of chloroplatinic acid or electrodeposition can be used. Further, as a method of forming a catalyst layer in the case of using carbon such as carbon black, ketjen black, carbon nanotubes and fullerene as the catalyst layer 80, for example, a paste in which carbon is dispersed in a solvent is used by screen printing or the like. A method of applying to the porous insulating layer 40 can be used.

(Step of forming second conductive layer)
In the forming step S51 of the second conductive layer, one end of the second layer 22a is electrically connected to a part of the main surface of the first layer 21a, and the other end is electrically connected to the main surface of the catalyst layer 80 As described above, the second layer 22a is formed. Thus, the second conductive layer 22 composed of the first layer 21a and the second layer 22a is formed. The method of forming the second layer 22a is not particularly limited, but a method such as sputtering or spraying can be used, for example.

(Supporting process of photosensitizing dye)
The step of supporting the photosensitizing dye S 61 comprises supporting the photosensitizing dye on the porous semiconductor layer 30. As the photosensitizing dye, for example, sensitizing dyes such as organic dyes and metal complex dyes can be used, and by making the porous semiconductor layer 30 adsorb the sensitizing dye, the porous semiconductor layer 30 is photosensitized A photoelectric conversion layer on which a dye is supported can be formed. As a method of adsorbing a photosensitizing dye to the porous semiconductor layer 30, for example, a method of immersing the porous semiconductor layer 30 in a solution for dye adsorption in which a sensitizing dye is dissolved can be used. When immersing the porous semiconductor layer 30 in a dye-adsorbing solution in which a sensitizing dye is dissolved, the dye-adsorbing solution may be permeated into the interior of the pores of the porous semiconductor layer 30. It may be heated.

(Step of forming first and second lead-out electrodes)
In the step S71 of forming the first lead-out electrode and the second lead-out electrode, at least one first lead-out electrode 71 is formed on a part of the main surface of the first conductive layer 21, and the second layer of the second conductive layer 22 is formed. At least one second lead-out electrode 72 is formed on a part of the main surface 22a. As a method of forming the 1st lead-out electrode 71 and the 2nd lead-out electrode 72, methods, such as ribbon attachment, soldering, silver paste attachment, and those combination, can be used, for example.

(Installation process of sealing material precursor)
The installation step S81 of the sealing material precursor comprises applying a sealing material precursor containing an ultraviolet curable resin (resin before ultraviolet curing) before curing. In addition, a sealing material precursor is a material used as the sealing material 60 by irradiation of the ultraviolet-ray in formation process S101 of a below-mentioned sealing material. Although the method for applying the encapsulant precursor is not particularly limited, for example, a laminate of the porous semiconductor layer 30, the porous insulating layer 40, the catalyst layer, and the second conductive layer 22 stacked as described above using a dispenser is used. The main surface 11m on the side of the first substrate 11 in contact with the electrolyte 50, that is, a part on the main surface of the first substrate 11, a part on the main surface of the first conductive layer 21, and the second conductive layer 22 Can be applied to a part of the main surface of the first layer 21a.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of first sealing materials 61 inside of which the sealing material 60 contacts the electrolyte 50 and a plurality of second sealing materials 62 outside the first sealing material 61 When it is configured by the above, the method of installing the first encapsulant precursor is the same as the method of installing the encapsulant precursor described above. The step of installing the second encapsulant precursor comprises applying a second encapsulant precursor on the outside of the first encapsulant precursor. In addition, a 2nd sealing material precursor is a material used as the 2nd sealing material 62 by hardening of a 2nd sealing material precursor. Although the application method of the second encapsulant precursor is not particularly limited, for example, the main surface 11m on the first substrate 11 side in contact with the electrolyte 50 to surround the first encapsulant precursor using a dispenser, that is, It is possible to apply a portion on the main surface of the first substrate 11, a portion on the main surface of the first conductive layer 21, and a portion on the main surface of the first layer 21a of the second conductive layer 22. Since the second sealing material 62 is not limited to one and may be two or more, when forming two or more second sealing materials 62, the first sealing material precursor may be surrounded. Can be coated with a second or more second encapsulant precursor. In addition, when applying the 2nd sealing material precursor more than double, as a 2nd sealing material precursor, you may apply the material of a kind in which at least 1 differs, and all the same kind of materials It may be applied.

(Installation process of second board)
The step of installing the second substrate S91 includes placing the second substrate 12 on the sealing material precursor so as to face the first substrate 11. The shape of the second substrate 12 is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the first lead-out electrode 71 electrically connected to the first conductive layer 21 and the thickness of the second lead-out electrode 72 electrically connected to the second conductive layer 22 From the viewpoint of reducing the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and enhancing its durability, by making the thickness Te larger than the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte 50 in which the sealing material 60 is sealing, The main surface 11m on the side of the first substrate 11 in contact with the electrolyte 50 and the first lead-out electrode 71 than the distance between the main surface 11m on the side of the first substrate 11 in contact with the first substrate 11 and the main surface 12ma on the side of the second substrate 12 in contact with the electrolyte 50 It is preferable that the shape be such that the distance to the main surface 12 mc on the side of the second substrate 12 opposite to or in contact with the second extraction electrode 72 becomes large. For example, the shape of second substrate 12 is convex on main surface 12 m with respect to main surface 12 mc facing or contacting first extraction electrode 71 and second extraction electrode 72 with main surface 12 ma in contact with electrolyte 50. It is preferable that it is a projecting shape.

(Step of forming sealing material)
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in formation process S101 of a sealing material. For example, the formation of the sealing material is performed by irradiating the sealing material precursor containing the resin before curing with ultraviolet light, which bonds the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, from the second substrate 12 side with ultraviolet light. Can. Thereby, the sealing material precursor is formed by curing the sealing material precursor including the pre-UV-curing resin installed in the above-described sealing material precursor installation step S81.

(Electrolyte injection process)
The electrolyte injection step S111 is performed by injecting the electrolyte 50 into the space partitioned by the sealing material 60 between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. For example, the injection | pouring method of providing the hole for injection | pouring of the electrolyte 50 in the 2nd board | substrate 12, and injecting the electrolyte 50 from the said hole can be performed. In addition, the second substrate 12 is not provided with a hole for injecting the electrolyte 50, and the second substrate 12 is installed after the electrolyte 50 is injected before the installation step of the second substrate 12 by the ODF (droplet injection) method. It can also be done.

  As shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 21, another example of the manufacturing method of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the present embodiment includes the step of forming the first conductive layer S12 on the first substrate 11 side, and the formation of the porous semiconductor layer Step S22: step of supporting photosensitizing dye S42 and step of forming first lead electrode S52; step of forming second conductive layer S62 on the second substrate 12 side; step of forming catalyst layer S72; and second lead electrode Step S82, installation step S92 of the sealing material precursor on the first substrate or the second substrate, integration installation step S102 of the first substrate side and the second substrate side, and formation step S112 of the sealing material And electrolyte injection step S122. Although each process is normally performed in order of S12, S22, S42, S52, S62, S72, S82, S92, S102, S112, and S122, the order of some processes may change. For example, either of the steps S12, S22, S42 and S52 on the first substrate 11 side and the steps S62, S72 and S82 on the second substrate 12 side may precede each other. In addition, depending on the structure of the dye-sensitized solar cell, the step of forming the first lead electrode S52 and the step of forming the second lead electrode S82 are respectively the step of supporting the photosensitizing dye S42 and the first substrate side or the second substrate side. The step of forming the encapsulant precursor on the first substrate S92 and the step of forming the catalyst layer S72 on the first substrate side or the second substrate side, and not the first step It can also be performed after the electrolyte injection step S122 as the step of forming the lead-out electrode and the second lead-out electrode. In addition, steps other than the above may be included. For example, a porous insulating layer forming step S32 can be further included between the porous semiconductor layer forming step S22 and the photosensitizing dye supporting step S42.

  As described above, in the method of manufacturing a dye-sensitized solar cell in FIG. 21, the first conductive layer 21 and the porous semiconductor layer 30 are formed in this order on the first substrate 11 side, and light is applied to the porous semiconductor layer 30. The sensitizing dye is supported, and the first lead-out electrode 71 is formed on a part of the first conductive layer 21 (steps S12, S22, S42 and S52), and the second conductive layer 22 and the catalyst layer on the second substrate 12 side After forming the second lead-out electrode 72 on a part of the second conductive layer 22 (steps S62, S72 and S82), the second conductive layer 22 is sealed on the first substrate 11 side or the second substrate 12 side. A stopper material precursor is formed, the first substrate 11 side and the second substrate 12 side are integrated and installed, the sealing material 60 is formed, and the electrolyte 50 is injected (steps S92, S102, S112 and S122) ). In addition, about the formation method of each layer, each conductive layer, and each electrode, it is the same as that of the case of the manufacturing method of the dye-sensitized solar cell in FIG.

[Example of dye-sensitized solar cell]
(First example)
As shown in FIG. 1, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the first example of the present embodiment is disposed between the first substrate 11, the second substrate 12, and the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. A sealing material 60 for sealing the first conductive layer 21, the porous semiconductor layer 30 on which the photosensitizing dye is supported, the catalyst layer 80, the second conductive layer 22, the electrolyte 50 and the electrolyte 50; A first extraction electrode 71 electrically connected to the conductive layer 21 and a second extraction electrode 72 electrically connected to the second conductive layer 22 are included, and the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 are The thickness Te of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is not in contact with the porous insulating layer 40 disposed therebetween, and the thickness Te of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is the sealing thickness of the electrolyte 50 sealed by the sealing material 60. Is greater than Ts.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the first example, the thickness Te of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is larger than the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte 50 in which the sealing material 60 is sealing. In order to form the second substrate 12, the main surface 12ma on the second substrate 12 side in contact with the electrolyte 50 faces the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72, and the main surface 12ma on the second substrate 12 side faces the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72. On the other hand, the electrolyte 50 has a shape protruding in a convex shape, so that the electrolyte 50 is closer than the distance between the main surface 11m on the first substrate 11 side in contact with the electrolyte 50 and the main surface 12ma on the second substrate 12 side in contact with the electrolyte. The distance between the main surface 11m on the side of the first substrate 11 in contact with the first substrate 11 and the main surface 12mc on the side of the second substrate 12 facing the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is increased.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the first example, both the first conductive layer 21 in which the first extraction electrode 71 is disposed and the second conductive layer 22 in which the second extraction electrode 72 is disposed are the first substrate. The first lead-out electrode 71 and the second lead-out electrode 72 are arranged on the side of the first substrate 11 because they are arranged on the side 11.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the first example, the thickness Te of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is larger than the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte 50 sealed by the sealing material 60. As a result, the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 is reduced, and permeation leakage that the electrolyte 50 is leached to the outside through the sealing material 60 is less likely to occur, so the durability is enhanced.

(Second example)
As shown in FIG. 2, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the first example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example of the present embodiment further includes an electrolyte at the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side. The sealing length Dsl from the end on the 50 side to the end on the opposite side is made larger than the width Dw of the sealing material 60.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the sealing length Dsl from the end on the electrolyte 50 side in the interface on the second substrate 12 side of the sealing material 60 to the end on the opposite side is the sealing material In order to make the width Dw larger than 60, the main surface 12ma on the second substrate 12 side in contact with the electrolyte 50 and the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 are opposed to the main surface 12m on the second substrate 12 side. The area of the interface between the sealing material 60 and the second substrate 12 is increased by installing the sealing material 60 on the portion where there is a level difference with the surface 12 mc.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the thickness Te of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is larger than the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte 50 sealed by the sealing material 60, In addition, since the sealing length Dsl from the end on the electrolyte 50 side to the end on the opposite side at the interface on the second substrate 12 side of the sealing material 60 is larger than the width Dw of the sealing material 60 Since the internal resistance of the solar cell 1 is reduced and the permeation leakage in which the electrolyte 50 is leached to the outside through the sealing material 60 is less likely to occur, the electrolyte 50 is the second substrate 12 of the sealing material 60. Since the second substrate side interface leakage which exudes outside through the side interface becomes difficult to occur, the durability becomes higher.

(Third example)
As shown in FIG. 3, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the third example of the present embodiment, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 are The main surface 12 mc on the side of the second substrate 12 facing the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is in contact with the main surface 12 mc.

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the third example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and causes the electrolyte 50 to pass through the encapsulant 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side is less likely to occur. , More durable. Further, the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 is further reduced by increasing the thickness Te of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72, and the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 By contacting the main surface 12m on the side of the second substrate 12, the possibility that the first lead-out electrode 71 peels off from the first conductive layer 21 decreases, and the possibility that the second lead-out electrode 72 peels off from the second conductive layer 22 decreases Durability is further enhanced.

(4th example)
As shown in FIG. 4, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the fourth example of the present embodiment, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the main surface 12 ma of the second substrate 12 is a second conductive layer. It is made to touch 22.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the fourth example, the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 are arranged on the first substrate 11 side, so the main surface of the second substrate 12 Even if 12 ma is in contact with the second conductive layer 22, no short circuit occurs. Also, in order to make the main surface 12 ma of the second substrate 12 contact the second conductive layer 22, the thickness of the layer of the electrolyte 50 is reduced.

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the fourth example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and causes the electrolyte 50 to pass through the encapsulant 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side is less likely to occur. , More durable. In addition, since the main surface 12ma of the second substrate 12 is in contact with the second conductive layer 22, the thickness of the layer of the electrolyte 50 is reduced, and thus the electrolyte 50 sealed by the sealing material 60 is sealed. Since the thickness Ts becomes smaller and it becomes more difficult for the electrolyte 50 to leak out to the outside through the sealing material 60, the durability is further enhanced.

(5th example)
As shown in FIG. 5, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the fifth example of the present embodiment, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the sealing material 60 is larger than the width Dw of the sealing material. The sealing length Dsl from the end on the electrolyte 50 side to the end on the opposite side at the interface on the second substrate 12 side is further increased.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the fifth example, sealing from the end on the electrolyte 50 side to the end on the opposite side of the interface on the second substrate 12 side of the sealing material larger than the width Dw of the sealing material In order to further increase the length Dsl, the surface roughness of the main surface 12 mc on the side of the second substrate 12 in contact with the sealing material 60 is increased to provide fine unevenness, and the fine unevenness of 12 m of the main surface is present By providing the sealing material 60 on the portion, the area of the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side is further increased.

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the fifth example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and causes the electrolyte 50 to pass through the sealing material 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side is less likely to occur. , More durable. Further, the sealing length Dsl from the end on the electrolyte 50 side to the end on the opposite side at the interface on the second substrate 12 side of the sealing material 60 larger than the width Dw of the sealing material is further increased. Thus, the second substrate side interface leakage in which the electrolyte 50 is leached to the outside through the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side is less likely to occur, and the durability is further enhanced.

(6th example)
As shown in FIG. 6, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the sixth example of the present embodiment, at least one of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example. Are plural. For example, it includes three first lead-out electrodes 71 a, 71 b and 71 c electrically connected to the first conductive layer 21.

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the sixth example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and causes the electrolyte 50 to pass through the encapsulant 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side is less likely to occur. , More durable. Further, since at least one of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is plural, electrons generated at each point of the first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22 and the nearest first extraction electrode 71 As the sum of the distances between the second extraction electrode 72 and the second extraction electrode 72 is reduced, the internal resistance is further reduced.

(7th example)
As shown in FIG. 7, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the seventh example of the present embodiment, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the porous insulating layer 40 are respectively plural. There are n (for example, 3) and n-1 (for example 2) intermediate conductive layers 20s and 20t, and each of porous semiconductor layers 30p, 30q and 30r and each porous insulating layer 40p and 40q. , 40r, and has an integrated structure in which the first conductive layer 21, n-1 intermediate conductive layers 20s and 20t, and the second conductive layer 22 are electrically connected in series. is there.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the seventh example, the porous semiconductor layers 30p, 30q, and 30r, the porous insulating layers 40p, 40q, and 40r, and the catalyst layers 80p, 80q, and 80r are electrically connected in series. The intermediate conductive layers 20s and 20t act as a second conductive layer for each catalyst layer 80p and 80q adjacent to one end, and a first conductive layer for each porous semiconductor layer 30q and 30r adjacent to the other end. Act as.

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the seventh example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and allows the electrolyte 50 to pass through the sealing material 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface between the sealing material 60 and the second substrate 12 is less likely to occur. , More durable. In addition, for the plurality of n porous semiconductor layers 30, the porous insulating layer 40, and the n-1 intermediate conductive layers 20s and 20t, the respective porous semiconductor layers 30p, 30q, and 30r, and the respective porous insulating layers 40p, The first conductive layer 21, n-1 intermediate conductive layers 20s and 20t, and the second conductive layer 22 are electrically connected in series via the 40q and 40r and the catalyst layers 80p, 80q and 80r. Since the integrated structure is disposed, the output voltage of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 can be increased.

(Eighth example)
As shown in FIG. 8, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the eighth example of the present embodiment is an inner side sealing material in which the sealing material 60 is in contact with the electrolyte 50 in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example. A first sealing material 61 and a second sealing material 62 which is an outer sealing material located outside the first sealing material 61 and not in contact with the electrolyte 50 are included. Here, the first sealing material 61 and the second sealing material 62 may be the same material or different materials.

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the eighth example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and causes the electrolyte 50 to pass through the encapsulant 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface between the sealing material 60 and the second substrate 12 is less likely to occur. , More durable. Further, by using a resin (for example, an acrylic resin) that does not easily react with the electrolyte 50 as the first sealing material 61 (inner sealing material) in contact with the electrolyte 50, the electrolyte 50 passes through the sealing material 60 and is externally Since it is difficult to generate the permeation leakage and the second substrate side interface leakage in which the electrolyte 50 is leached to the outside through the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side, the durability is further enhanced. In addition, as the second sealing material 62 (external sealing material) not in contact with the electrolyte 50, a resin having high adhesive strength with the first substrate 11, the first conductive layer 21, the second conductive layer 22, and the second substrate 12 ( For example, by using an epoxy resin, while the second substrate side interface leakage which the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface between the sealing material 60 and the second substrate 12 becomes more difficult to occur, the first substrate 11 and Since peeling with the second substrate 12 can also be suppressed, the durability is further enhanced.

(The 9th example)
As shown in FIG. 9, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the ninth example of the present embodiment, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the sealing material 60 is a first extraction electrode 71 and a second extraction electrode The width Dw is expanded until it touches 72. More preferably, the width Dw is expanded until the sealing material 60 contacts and covers the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72.

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the ninth example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and causes the electrolyte 50 to pass through the sealing material 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side is less likely to occur. , More durable. Further, the width Dw is expanded until the sealing material 60 contacts the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72, and more preferably, the sealing material 60 is the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72. Of the sealing length Dsl larger than the width Dw (from the end on the electrolyte 50 side at the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side to the end on the opposite side thereof). Of the second substrate 12 on the second substrate 12 side of the sealing material 60 and the second substrate side interface leakage is further less likely to occur, and the durability is improved. It gets higher. Furthermore, more preferably, since the first lead-out electrode 71 and the second lead-out electrode 72 are covered with the sealing material 60, the contact with the air and moisture outside the first lead-out electrode 71 and the second lead-out electrode 72 is more preferable. Since the deterioration due to etc. is prevented, the durability is further enhanced.

(Tenth example)
As shown in FIG. 10, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the tenth example of the present embodiment, both ends 12e of the second substrate 12 in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example are larger than the main surface 12ma. It is in contact with the main surface of the first substrate 11 and the end portions of the first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22 formed thereon. A buffer material or a sealing material may be disposed around the first lead-out electrode 71 and the second lead-out electrode 72 surrounded by the first substrate 11 side, the second substrate 12 side and the sealing material 60. .

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the tenth example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1, and the electrolyte 50 passes through the sealing material 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface between the sealing material 60 and the second substrate 12 is less likely to occur. , More durable. Further, both ends 12 e of the second substrate 12 project from the main surface 12 ma and are in contact with the end portions of the first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22 formed on the main surface of the first substrate 11. Since the deterioration of the first lead-out electrode 71 and the second lead-out electrode 72 due to the contact with the outside air and moisture is prevented, the durability is further enhanced.

(Example 11)
As shown in FIG. 11, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the eleventh example of the present embodiment, both ends 12 e of the second substrate 12 in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example are larger than the main surface 12 ma. It protrudes and covers the side surfaces of the first substrate 11 and the first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22 formed thereon. A buffer material or a sealing material may be disposed around the first lead-out electrode 71 and the second lead-out electrode 72 surrounded by the first substrate 11 side, the second substrate 12 side and the sealing material 60. .

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the eleventh example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1, and the electrolyte 50 passes through the sealing material 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface between the sealing material 60 and the second substrate 12 is less likely to occur. , More durable. Further, since both end portions 12e of the second substrate 12 project beyond the main surface 12ma and cover the side surfaces of the first substrate 11 and the first conductive layer 21 and the second conductive layer 22 formed thereon, Since the sealing property of the dye-sensitized solar cell is enhanced, the durability is further enhanced.

(12th example)
As shown in FIG. 12, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the twelfth example of the present embodiment is a main surface 12ma of the second substrate 12 side (mainly in contact with the electrolyte 50) in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example. A main surface 12mb protruding from the main surface 12ma is formed between the surface 12ma) and the main surface 12mc (the main surface 12mc facing the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72). The sealing material 60 is formed on the portion and the main surface 12 mb, and the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte 50 sealed by the sealing material 60 is smaller than the thickness Tt of the electrolyte 50.

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the twelfth example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and causes the electrolyte 50 to pass through the sealing material 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface between the sealing material 60 and the second substrate 12 is less likely to occur. , More durable.

(The 13th example)
As shown in FIG. 13, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the thirteenth example of the present embodiment is the main surface 12n of the second substrate 12 (the sealing material 60 and By providing a step on the main surface 12n opposite to the main surface 12m in contact, the main surface 12na of a part of the main surface 12n is recessed from the main surface 12nb of the other part.

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the thirteenth example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and causes the electrolyte 50 to pass through the sealing material 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side is less likely to occur. , More durable. Moreover, since the main surface 12na of a part of the main surface 12n of the second substrate 12 is recessed from the main surface 12nb of the other part, the weight of the dye-sensitized solar cell can be reduced.

(The 14th example)
As shown in FIG. 14, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the 14th example of the present embodiment, in the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the 2nd example, the second substrate 12 is the first step layer 12a and its main surface A step is provided on the main surface 12m by being configured by the second step layer 12b disposed on a part of the upper surface, and the main surface 12ma of the main surface 12m (main surface 12ma in contact with the electrolyte 50) It projects in a convex shape with respect to the main surface 12 mc) facing the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72. The method of forming the second stage layer 12b is not particularly limited, and can be easily formed, for example, by screen-printing glass frit on the first stage layer 12a.

  Similar to the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the second example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the fourteenth example reduces the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 and causes the electrolyte 50 to pass through the encapsulant 60. And the second substrate side interface leakage that the electrolyte 50 leaches to the outside through the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side is less likely to occur. , More durable. Here, by forming the second substrate 12 with the first step layer 12a and the second step layer 12b disposed on a part of the main surface, a step is easily provided on the main surface 12m.

(The 15th example)
As shown in (A) to (C) of FIG. 15, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the fifteenth example of the present embodiment includes a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12, a first substrate 11 and a second substrate. The first conductive layer 21, the porous semiconductor layer 30 carrying a photosensitizing dye, the catalyst layer 80, the second conductive layer 22, the electrolyte 50, and the electrolyte 50 disposed between the substrate 12 and the substrate 12 are sealed. A porous semiconductor layer 30 including a sealing material 60, a first lead-out electrode 71 electrically connected to the first conductive layer 21, and a second lead-out electrode 72 electrically connected to the second conductive layer 22; The thickness Te of the porous semiconductor layer first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is not in contact with the catalyst layer 80 and is larger than the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte 50 in which the sealing material 60 is sealing. . Here, FIG. 15A is a first schematic plan view showing the first substrate 11 viewed from the first substrate 11 side and the vicinity thereof, and FIG. 15B is viewed from the first substrate side It is a 2nd schematic plan view which shows the 2nd board | substrate 12 and its vicinity.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the fifteenth example, the first conductive layer 21 and the porous semiconductor layer 30 are formed in this order on the first substrate 11 side, and the second conductive layer 22 and the catalyst layer 80 on the second substrate 12 side. As the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 are not in contact with each other, the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 are not in contact with each other. There is no need to provide a porous insulating layer between them. However, when there is a possibility that the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80 are in contact with each other, it is necessary to provide a porous insulating layer between the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the catalyst layer 80.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the fifteenth example, the thickness Te of the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is larger than the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte 50 sealed by the sealing material 60. As a result, the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 is reduced, and permeation leakage that the electrolyte 50 is leached to the outside through the sealing material 60 is less likely to occur, so the durability is enhanced.

<Embodiment 2: Dye-sensitized solar cell panel>
As shown in FIG. 16, the dye-sensitized solar cell panel 2 according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of the dye-sensitized solar cells 1 of Embodiment 1 (for example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the seventh example). And each of the dye-sensitized solar cells 1p and 1q is electrically arranged in series and / or in parallel. For example, FIG. 16 illustrates a dye-sensitized solar cell panel 2 in which the respective dye-sensitized solar cells 1p and 1q are electrically arranged in parallel.

  In the dye-sensitized solar cell panel 2 of the present embodiment, the internal resistance of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 is reduced, and the permeation leakage in which the electrolyte 50 is leached to the outside through the sealing material 60 is less likely to occur. In addition, since the second substrate side interface leakage in which the electrolyte 50 is leached to the outside through the interface of the sealing material 60 on the second substrate 12 side is less likely to occur, the durability is further enhanced. Further, the output voltage can be increased by arranging the dye-sensitized solar cells 1p and 1q electrically in series, and the output current can be obtained by arranging the dye-sensitized solar cells 1p and 1q electrically in parallel. Can be enhanced.

<Embodiment 3: Dye-sensitized solar cell charge cover>
As shown in FIG. 17, the dye-sensitized solar cell-equipped charge cover 3 according to another embodiment of the present invention is the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of Embodiment 1 (for example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the seventh example). And the second substrate 12 of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 can accommodate the external electronic device 100. Although not shown, when the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 are electrically connected to the charge control unit of the external electronic device 100, direct charging of the external electronic device 100 is performed. Can. When the charge cover also has a charge control unit, the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 are electrically connected to the charge control unit, and the charge control unit of the charge cover is an external electron By electrically connecting to the charge control unit of the device 100, indirect charging of the external electronic device 100 can be performed. The external electronic device 100 is not particularly limited, and may be a mobile phone, a tablet, a personal computer, or the like.

  The dye-sensitized solar cell-equipped charge cover 3 of the present embodiment includes the dye-sensitized solar cell 1, and since the external electronic device 100 can be accommodated in the second substrate 12 of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 allows the external electronic device 100 to be charged.

Embodiment 4: Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell System
As shown in FIG. 18, a dye-sensitized solar cell system 4 according to still another embodiment of the present invention is a dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of Embodiment 1 (for example, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of the seventh example). In addition, the second substrate 12 of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 forms a housing. Although not shown, an electronic device such as a mobile phone, a tablet, a personal computer or the like is incorporated in the second substrate 12 which is a housing, and the charge control unit of the electronic device includes the dye-sensitized solar cell 1. The first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 are electrically connected.

  The dye-sensitized solar cell system 4 of the present embodiment includes the dye-sensitized solar cell 1, and the second substrate 12 of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 forms a casing, and the second substrate 12 is a casing. Since the electronic device is incorporated, electricity can be supplied from the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 to these electronic devices.

Example 1
1. Preparation of dye-sensitized solar cell (1) Formation of first conductive layer As shown in (A) and (B) of FIG. 1 and FIG. 9, a spray is performed on a 4 mm thick glass substrate which is the first substrate 11. A 600 nm thick SnO ₂ layer was formed by the method. Then, a part of the SnO ₂ layer is removed by laser scribing to form a separation groove having a width of 30 μm, whereby the first conductive layer 21 and the first layer 21a not electrically connected to the first conductive layer 21 are formed. Formed.

(2) Formation of porous semiconductor layer)
Next, in a 50 mm × 50 mm area on the first conductive layer 21, a porous TiO ₂ layer having a thickness of 20 μm, which is the porous semiconductor layer 30, was formed by screen printing.

(3) Formation of Porous Insulating Layer Next, a porous insulating layer is formed on the main surface and side surfaces of the porous semiconductor layer 30 and between the first conductive layer 21 and the first layer 21 a by screen printing. A 10 μm thick porous ZrO ₂ layer of 40 was formed.

(4) Formation of Catalyst Layer Next, a Pt layer having a thickness of 0.1 μm, which is a catalyst layer, was formed on the main surface and the side surfaces of the porous insulating layer 40 by a sputtering method.

(5) Formation of Second Conductive Layer Next, one end of the second layer 22a is formed as the second layer 22a on the porous insulating layer 40 and a part of the first layer 21a by the sputtering method. A Ti layer having a thickness of 1 μm was formed so as to be electrically connected to a part of the main surface of the first layer and to electrically connect the other end to the main surface of the porous insulating layer 40. Thus, the second conductive layer 22 composed of the first layer 21a and the second layer 22a was formed.

(6) Support of Photosensitizing Dye Next, the first substrate 11 on which the above-described laminate is formed is treated as a photosensitizing dye [RuL (NCS) ₃ ]: 3TBA (trade name: N749 Black Dye), Here, L is 2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′ ′-terpyridyl-4,4 ′, 4 ′ ′-tricarboxylic acid (2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′ ′-terpyridyl-4,4 ′, 4 ′ ′-tricarboxylic acid), TBA is immersed in a solution containing 0.2 mmol / l of tetra-n-butylammonium (tetra-n-butylammonium) at 25 ° C. for 76 hours, washed with acetonitrile, and washed at 30 ° C. By drying for 0.3 hours, the photosensitizing dye was supported on the porous semiconductor layer 30.

(7) Formation of first extraction electrode and second extraction electrode The formation ribbon of Kuroda Techno Co., Ltd. was adopted for formation of the extraction electrode. First, using Kuroda Techno's special solder (name: Cerasolza Eco # 217), solder is applied to part of the first conductive layer 21 and the first layer 21a of the second conductive layer at a pitch of 5 mm by the soldering method. It joined at equal intervals. Next, using Cera Ribbon (Model No .: 102-217-160-02 / 30, place the ribbon on the point solder, bond the solder and the ribbon, and make the distance from the porous semiconductor layer 30 3 mm. A first extraction electrode 71 and a second extraction electrode 72 were formed, respectively.The soldering operation was performed using an ultrasonic soldering apparatus Sunbonder USM-5 The ribbon had a width of 2 mm and a length of the porous semiconductor layer 30 The same length 50 mm, the thickness of the first lead-out electrode 71 and the second lead-out electrode 72 consisting of the solder and the ribbon was 500 μm.

(8) Installation of Sealant Precursor Next, a laminate of the first conductive layer 21, the porous semiconductor layer 30, the porous insulating layer 40, and the second conductive layer 22 stacked as described above using a dispenser In a part of the main surface of the first conductive layer 21 and a part of the second conductive layer 22 on the main surface of the first layer 21 a so as to enclose As a front resin, an acrylic ultraviolet curable resin (name: Three bond 3035 B resin) was applied with a width of 1 mm and a thickness of 100 μm.

(9) Installation of Second Substrate Next, a soda glass substrate as the second substrate 12 was placed on the encapsulant precursor so as to face the first substrate 11. The second substrate 12 has a height of 1 mm from the main surface 12 mc where the main surface 12 ma in contact with the electrolyte faces the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 (that is, a step between the main surface 12 ma and the main surface 12 mc is 1 mm) We used what was protruding in.

(10) Formation of Sealing Material Next, by irradiating the sealing material precursor which is the resin before ultraviolet curing which is bonding the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 from the second substrate 12 side with ultraviolet light. By curing, a sealing material 60 having a width of 2 mm and a thickness of 50 μm was formed. That is, the width Dw and the sealing length Dsl of the sealing material 60 were 2 mm.

(11) Injection of Electrolyte The second substrate 12 is provided with a hole for injection of the electrolyte 50, and acetonitrile is used as a solvent as the electrolyte 50 from the hole, using acetonitrile as a solvent, in which 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide is contained. 0.6 mol / L (1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.)), 0.1 mol / L of LiI (manufactured by Aldrich Chemical Company), 4-tert-butylpyridine (manufactured by Aldrich Chemical Company) After injecting a redox electrolyte in which 0.5 mol / L of I-tert-butylpyridine (manufactured by Aldrich Chemical Company) and 0.01 mol / L of I ₂ (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) are dissolved. The hole was sealed. Thus, the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 was obtained.

2. Characteristic Evaluation of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell The first substrate 11 of the obtained dye-sensitized solar cell 1 is irradiated with pseudo-sunlight (air mass 1.5) at an energy density of 1 kW / m ² using a solar simulator. , The current-voltage characteristics of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of Example 1 are measured, and the short-circuit current density [Jsc] (mA / cm ² ), open circuit voltage [Voc] (V), fill factor [FF] and conversion The efficiency (%) was determined. The short circuit current density was 18.3 mA / cm ² , the open circuit voltage was 0.71 V, the fill factor was 0.613, and the conversion efficiency was 7.96%. Thereafter, when the presence or absence of electrolyte leakage was observed after this dye-sensitized solar cell 1 was placed in a constant temperature bath at 85 ° C. for 1000 hours, no electrolyte leakage was observed and the electrolyte was maintained. The results are summarized in Table 1.

(Example 2)
As shown in FIG. 2, dye sensitization is performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sealing material 60 is disposed in a portion having a step difference of 1 mm between the main surface 12 m and the main surface 12 mc of the second substrate 12. A solar cell 1 was produced. That is, the width Dw of the sealing material 60 was 2 mm, and the sealing length Dsl of the sealing material 60 was 3 mm. The characteristics of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 of Example 2 were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. The short circuit current density is 18.2 mA / cm ² , the open circuit voltage is 0.71 V, the fill factor is 0.615, and conversion The efficiency was 7.95%. Moreover, there was no leakage of the electrolyte and it was maintained. The results are summarized in Table 1.

(Comparative example 1)
As shown in FIG. 18, when the second substrate 12 having a flat main surface 12m is used, the distance between the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is 2 mm, and the first extraction electrode 71 and In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the second lead-out electrode 72 is 500 μm, the thickness of the sealing material is 600 μm, and the width Dw of the sealing material and the sealing length Dsl are 0.5 mm. Dye-sensitized solar cell 1 was produced. Comparative Example 1 The characteristics of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. The short circuit current density is 18.2 mA / cm ² , the open circuit voltage is 0.71 V, the fill factor is 0.624, and the conversion efficiency Was 8.06%. There was also electrolyte leakage. The results are summarized in Table 1.

(Comparative example 2)
As shown in FIG. 18, when the second substrate 12 having a flat main surface 12m is used, the distance between the porous semiconductor layer and the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is 5 mm, and the first extraction electrode 71 and the first 2) A pigment is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the lead-out electrode 72 is 100 μm, the thickness of the sealing material is 150 μm, and the width Dw of the sealing material and the sealing length Dsl are 3.5 mm. A sensitized solar cell 1 was produced. Comparative Example 1 The characteristics of the dye-sensitized solar cell 1 were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. The short circuit current density is 18.2 mA / cm ² , the open circuit voltage is 0.71 V, the fill factor is 0.624, and the conversion efficiency Was 8.06%. Moreover, there was no leakage of the electrolyte and it was maintained. The results are summarized in Table 1.

  As shown in Table 1, in Example 1 and Example 2, a highly durable dye-sensitized solar cell having a high characteristic value and no electrolyte leakage was obtained. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the distance between the porous semiconductor layer 30 and the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 is shortened to 2 mm as compared with the first embodiment and the second embodiment. Although the internal resistance was reduced, the width of the sealing material and the sealing length Dsl were as short as 0.5 mm, the durability was reduced, and electrolyte leakage occurred. In Comparative Example 2, the thickness Te of the first lead-out electrode 71 and the second lead-out electrode 72 is reduced by decreasing the thickness of the sealing material and increasing the width in order to increase the durability. Since the distance between the porous semiconductor layer and the first extraction electrode 71 and the second extraction electrode 72 was increased, the conversion efficiency was reduced.

  It should be understood that the embodiments and examples disclosed herein are illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present invention is indicated not by the above description but by the claims, and is intended to include all the modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims.

  1,1p, 1q dye-sensitized solar cell, 2 dye-sensitized solar cell panel, charge cover with 3 dye-sensitized solar cell, 4 dye-sensitized solar cell system, 11 first substrate, 12 second substrate, 12a first Step layer, 12b second step layer, 11m, 12ma, 12mb, 12mc, 12na, 12nc principal surface, 20s, 20t, 20x, 21y intermediate conductive layer, 21 first conductive layer, 21a first layer, 22 second conductive layer , 22a second layer, 30, 30p, 30q, 30r, 30u, 30v, 30w porous semiconductor layer, 40, 40p, 40q, 30r, 40u, 40v, 40w porous insulating layer, 50 electrolyte, 60 sealing material, 61 first sealing material, 62 second sealing material, 71, 71a, 71b, 71c first extraction electrode, 72 second extraction electrode, 80, 80p, 80q, 80r, 80u, 80v 80w catalyst layer, 100 an external electronic device, Dsl sealing length, width Dw sealant, Te thickness of the first extraction electrode and the second lead-out electrode, Ts electrolyte sealing thickness, the Tt electrolyte thickness.

Claims (10)

A first conductive layer disposed between a first substrate, a second substrate, the first substrate and the second substrate, a porous semiconductor layer carrying a photosensitizing dye, a catalyst layer, Two conductive layers, an electrolyte and a sealing material for sealing the electrolyte, at least one first lead-out electrode electrically connected to the first conductive layer, and at least one electrically connected to the second conductive layer And two second lead-out electrodes,
The second conductive layer is composed of a first layer and a second layer,
The first conductive layer and the first layer are disposed on the first substrate,
The porous semiconductor layer is disposed on the first conductive layer,
The porous semiconductor layer and the catalyst layer are not in contact with each other,
The second layer electrically connects the catalyst layer and the first layer,
The first lead-out electrode is disposed on the first conductive layer,
The second lead-out electrode is disposed on the first layer,
The first extraction electrode and the second extraction electrode do not come in contact with the second substrate facing the first substrate,
A dye-sensitized solar cell, wherein a thickness Te of the first extraction electrode and the second extraction electrode is larger than a sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte sealed by the sealing material.   A sealing length Dsl from an end on the electrolyte side to an end on the opposite side at an interface on the second substrate side of the sealing material is larger than a width Dw of the sealing material. Dye-sensitized solar cell. The shape of the second substrate is the first substrate side in contact with the electrolyte rather than the distance between the main surface on the first substrate side in contact with the electrolyte and the main surface on the second substrate side in contact with the electrolyte The shape according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the distance between the main surface of the second substrate and the main surface on the second substrate side facing or in contact with the first extraction electrode and the second extraction electrode is large. Dye-sensitized solar cell. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first extraction electrode and the second extraction electrode face the second substrate. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a porous insulating layer is disposed between the porous semiconductor layer and the catalyst layer. The porous semiconductor layer is at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide such as silica glass or soda glass, aluminum oxide and barium titanate. Dye-sensitized solar cell. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an outer thickness of the sealing material is larger than a sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte. The sealing material includes a plurality of sealing materials including a first sealing material in contact with the electrolyte, and a second sealing material located outside the first sealing material and not in contact with the electrolyte. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to claim 8, wherein the thickness of the second sealing material is larger than the sealing thickness Ts of the electrolyte. A dye-sensitized solar cell system comprising the dye-sensitized solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the second substrate forms a casing.

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