WO2015005031A1

WO2015005031A1 - Photovoltaic generator

Info

Publication number: WO2015005031A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/064927
Authority: WO
Inventors: 古宮　良一; 福井　篤; 山中　良亮
Original assignee: シャープ株式会社
Priority date: 2013-07-11
Filing date: 2014-06-05
Publication date: 2015-01-15

Abstract

This photovoltaic generator (100) comprises at least two types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules (20S, 20E, 20W) which are arranged facing different directions and which have different spectral sensitivities by virtue of having photoelectric conversion layers of different structures.

Description

Solar power plant

The present invention relates to a solar power generation device, and more particularly to a solar power generation device in which dye-sensitized solar cell modules are installed in different directions.

As an alternative energy source to fossil fuels, solar cells that convert sunlight into electric power are attracting attention. Currently, solar cells using crystalline silicon substrates and thin-film silicon solar cells have been put into practical use. However, the former has a problem that the manufacturing cost of the silicon substrate is high, and the latter has a problem that the manufacturing cost becomes high because it is necessary to use various semiconductor manufacturing gases and complicated apparatuses. For this reason, in any silicon-based solar cell, efforts are being made to reduce the cost per power generation output by increasing the efficiency of photoelectric conversion. However, the above problem has not been solved.

As a new type of solar cell instead of the above-described solar cell, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220380 (Patent Document 1) discloses a dye-sensitized solar cell to which photoinduced electron transfer of a metal complex is applied. . In the dye-sensitized solar cell disclosed in Patent Document 1, a photosensitizing dye is adsorbed between the electrodes of two glass substrates on which electrodes (first electrode and second electrode) are formed on the surface, and is in a visible light region. The structure has a structure in which a photoelectric conversion layer having an absorption spectrum and an electrolytic solution are sandwiched.

By adopting such a configuration, it becomes possible to take out electric energy by repeatedly moving electrons generated in the photoelectric conversion layer. Specifically, when light is irradiated onto the photoelectric conversion element from the transparent first electrode side, electrons are generated in the photoelectric conversion layer, and the electrons pass through the external electric circuit from the first electrode. Move to 2 electrodes. Subsequently, the electrons that have moved to the second electrode are carried by the ions in the electrolyte and return to the photoelectric conversion layer.

In order to put the dye-sensitized solar cell into practical use, it has been proposed to increase the area of the dye-sensitized solar cell. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-178297 (Patent Document 2), WO2012 / 053327 (Patent Document 3) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-24574 (Patent Document 4) disclose a strip-like photoelectric conversion element (dye increase). A dye-sensitized solar cell module having a large area by connecting in series a solar cell) is disclosed. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-302907 (Patent Document 5) discloses a single photoelectric conversion element (a dye-sensitized solar cell) that is enlarged by forming a grid electrode for collecting current or connected in parallel. In addition, a dye-sensitized solar cell module having a large area using the photoelectric conversion element is disclosed. A single photoelectric conversion element having a large area and a structure obtained by connecting photoelectric conversion elements in series or in parallel are collectively referred to as a dye-sensitized solar cell module. A plurality of the dye-sensitized solar cell modules installed in the same direction is referred to as a solar power generation panel, and a solar power generation device including a solar power generation panel and an inverter in a plurality of directions is described.

In addition, a silicon-based solar cell module composed of existing silicon-based solar cells has a light-receiving surface inclined at about 30 degrees from a horizontal plane around the direction (south in the northern hemisphere) where the amount of power generation is the largest. Often installed. Since such a solar cell module is installed so that the amount of power generation increases when the sun comes in the direction toward the solar cell module, the amount of power generation increases after noon. On the other hand, in a time zone other than after noon, such as in the morning or evening, the sun deviates from the direction in which the solar cell module is directed, and thus the amount of power generation becomes small.

Meanwhile, Fujikura Technical Report 2011 Vol. 1 In No. 120 (Non-Patent Document 1), a dye-sensitized solar cell is an existing silicon-based solar cell even when the incident direction of sunlight irradiated on the solar cell approaches to the light receiving surface. It has been reported that the power generation rate is higher than that of the power generation, which increases the daily power generation.

That is, since the dye-sensitized solar cell module has less dependency on the incident angle of light as compared to the silicon-based solar cell module, the morning or The power generation ratio in the evening is higher than that of the silicon-based solar cell module, and thus the amount of power generation per day including in the morning and evening increases.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-220380 JP 2012-178297 A WO2012 / 053327 Publication JP 2006-24574 A JP 2006-302907 A

By the way, the spectrum of sunlight incident on the photovoltaic power generation panel varies with time. However, with existing silicon solar cells, it is difficult to design a photoelectric conversion layer that matches the incident solar spectrum. Therefore, in a silicon solar cell module composed of existing silicon solar cells, The energy is not fully utilized.

The same applies to conventional dye-sensitized solar cells. For example, in the dye-sensitized solar cell modules disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 5, the incident solar spectrum varies depending on the time zone. There is a problem that sufficient power generation cannot be obtained depending on the installation mode.

Therefore, even in such a solar power generation apparatus configured by a dye-sensitized solar cell module installed without sufficiently considering the fluctuation of the solar spectrum incident on the panel, a sufficient power generation amount is obtained. There is a problem that can not be.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solar power generation apparatus capable of efficiently obtaining a power generation amount easily and simply.

In the photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to the present invention, at least two or more types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules having different spectral sensitivities by being provided with photoelectric conversion layers having different structures are installed in different directions.

The solar power generation device according to the present invention preferably includes a solar power generation panel configured by a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cell modules installed in the same direction. The plurality of dye-sensitized solar cell modules included in the power generation panel preferably include photoelectric conversion layers having the same structure. However, even if the orientation is the same, the spectrum may differ depending on the location of the reflected light depending on the installation location.In some cases, some dye-sensitized solar cell modules have the same photoelectric conversion in each orientation. A layer may be provided.

In the solar power generation device according to the present invention, in the at least two or more types of the dye-sensitized solar cell modules or the solar power generation panels, in the direction closest to the direction in which the sun is most median in one year. A dye-sensitized solar cell module or photovoltaic panel installed in a different direction than a dye-sensitized solar cell module or photovoltaic panel installed toward the It is preferable to have sensitivity. Here, the azimuth direction is the azimuth when the sun comes on the meridian of the installation location, and indicates the azimuth that is the highest midline.

In the solar power generation device according to the present invention, among the at least two types or the solar power generation panels, the pigment is installed in the direction closest to the direction in which the sun is most median in one year It is preferable that the dye-sensitized solar cell module or the solar power generation panel installed in the other direction is provided with a thick photoelectric conversion layer rather than the sensitized solar cell module or the solar power generation panel. In a dye-sensitized solar cell module or photovoltaic power generation panel installed in the direction closest to the median direction, light enters from a direction with a small elevation angle with respect to the photoelectric conversion layer surface when installed on a wall surface or the like. In other words, a sufficient optical path length for absorption can be secured even with a thin film thickness. In addition, the thinner the film thickness, the higher the voltage due to a decrease in leakage current, and as a result, the power generation amount is considered to increase. On the other hand, for dye-sensitized solar cell modules or photovoltaic power generation panels installed in directions other than the direction closest to the median direction, light enters from a direction closer to the photoelectric conversion layer surface. Therefore, a photoelectric conversion layer having a thick film pressure is necessary to sufficiently absorb light. Furthermore, since the ratio of light on the long wavelength side such as the morning sun or sunset is high in directions other than the direction closest to the midline direction, a photoelectric conversion layer having a thick film pressure is required to effectively absorb these lights. .

In the solar power generation apparatus according to the present invention, the at least two or more types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules or solar power generation panels are installed across wall surfaces facing different directions of the building. Is preferred.

The solar power generation apparatus installation method according to the present invention includes installing at least two or more types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules having different spectral sensitivities by providing photoelectric conversion layers having different structures in different directions.

According to the present invention, it is possible to easily and simply provide a solar power generation apparatus that can efficiently obtain a power generation amount.

It is sectional drawing which shows the photoelectric conversion element contained in the dye-sensitized solar cell module with which the solar power generation device which concerns on embodiment of this invention is comprised. It is sectional drawing which shows the dye-sensitized solar cell module with which the solar power generation device which concerns on embodiment of this invention is comprised. It is the schematic which shows the dye-sensitized solar cell module installed in the different direction in order to comprise the solar power generation device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the solar power generation device comprised by the solar cell module shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the 1st example of the structure of the photoelectric converting layer in the dye-sensitized solar cell module arrange | positioned in a different direction. It is a figure which shows the 2nd example of the structure of the photoelectric converting layer in the dye-sensitized solar cell module arrange | positioned in a different direction. It is a figure which shows the 3rd example of the structure of the photoelectric converting layer in the dye-sensitized solar cell module arrange | positioned in a different direction. It is a figure which shows the 4th example of the structure of the photoelectric converting layer in the dye-sensitized solar cell module arrange | positioned in a different direction. It is a figure which shows the 5th example of the structure of the photoelectric converting layer in the dye-sensitized solar cell module arrange | positioned in a different direction. It is a figure which shows the 6th example of the structure of the photoelectric converting layer in the dye-sensitized solar cell module arrange | positioned in a different direction. It is a table | surface which shows the result of the verification experiment performed in order to verify the effect of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the same or common parts are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and description thereof will not be repeated.

(Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a photoelectric conversion element included in a dye-sensitized solar cell module provided in the solar power generation device according to the present embodiment. With reference to FIG. 1, the photoelectric conversion element 10 contained in the dye-sensitized solar cell module comprised in the solar power generation device concerning this Embodiment is demonstrated.

As shown in FIG. 1, the photoelectric conversion element 10 includes a translucent substrate 1, a support substrate 7 disposed to face the translucent substrate 1, a sealing material 8, and the translucent substrate 1 and support. The carrier transport material 9 sealed with the sealing material 8 between the board | substrates 7 and the laminated body 11 formed on the translucent board | substrate 1 are provided.

The laminate 11 includes a transparent conductive layer 2 formed on the translucent substrate 1, a photoelectric conversion layer 3 formed on the transparent conductive layer 2 and made of a porous semiconductor adsorbing a dye, and a photoelectric conversion layer 3. It has a porous insulating layer 4 formed so as to cover, a catalyst layer 5 formed on the porous insulating layer 4, and a counter electrode conductive layer 6 formed on the catalyst layer 5.

The transparent conductive layer 2 is patterned into a predetermined shape, whereby the transparent conductive layer 2 is provided with a separation line 2a extending along a predetermined direction. The separation line 2 a is embedded with the porous insulating layer 4. Moreover, the edge part of the transparent conductive layer 2 is located outside the sealing material 8, and functions also as an extraction electrode.

The counter electrode conductive layer 6 covers the surface of the catalyst layer 5 and the side surface of the porous insulating layer 4 located on the separation line 2a side, and is connected to one transparent conductive layer 2 separated by the separation line 2a. The carrier transport material 9 is not only filled between the translucent substrate 1 and the support substrate 7 but also penetrates into the photoelectric conversion layer 3 and the porous insulating layer 4.

In the photoelectric conversion element 10, the surface of the translucent substrate 1 can be a light receiving surface, the transparent conductive layer 2 is a negative electrode, and the counter electrode conductive layer 6 is a positive electrode. When light is irradiated onto the light receiving surface of the translucent substrate 1, electrons are generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 3. The electrons generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 3 move from the transparent conductive layer 2 on the other side separated by the separation line 2a to the transparent conductive layer 2 on the one side through the external electric circuit, and then the transparent conductive layer 2 on the one side. It moves to the counter electrode conductive layer 6 connected to. The electrons that have moved to the counter electrode conductive layer 6 are carried by the ions in the carrier transport material 9 in the porous insulating layer 4 and move to the photoelectric conversion layer 3. Thereby, electric energy can be taken out.

When manufacturing such a photoelectric conversion element 10, first, a translucent substrate 1 that is patterned into a predetermined shape and on which a transparent conductive layer 2 separated by a separation line 2 a is formed is prepared.

The translucent substrate 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material generally used for solar cells. For example, a glass substrate such as soda glass, fused silica glass, or crystal quartz glass, or a flexible material such as Teflon (registered trademark). Can be used. In addition, the translucent board | substrate 1 should just be a material which permeate | transmits the light of the wavelength which has an effective sensitivity to the pigment | dye contained in the photoelectric converting layer 3, and is not limited to the above.

As the transparent conductive layer 2, for example, indium tin composite oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO2), tin oxide doped with fluorine (FTO), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide doped with tantalum or niobium, etc. are adopted. can do. The transparent conductive layer 2 can be formed on the translucent substrate 1 by a known method such as a sputtering method or a spray method.

Next, for example, a solution containing semiconductor fine particles such as titanium oxide and zinc oxide is applied to a predetermined surface on the transparent conductive layer 2 using a known method such as a doctor blade method, a squeegee method, a spin coating method, or a screen printing method. A porous semiconductor is formed by applying to a place and performing at least one of drying and baking.

At this time, a solution containing different semiconductor fine particles is prepared, and at least one of coating, drying, and baking is repeated twice or more. Thereby, a porous semiconductor in which a plurality of layers are laminated can be formed.

The semiconductor particles are not limited to the above, and can be appropriately selected as long as they are generally used for photoelectric conversion materials. From the viewpoint of stability and safety, it is particularly preferable to use titanium oxide. Further, as the solution containing semiconductor fine particles, a commercially available titanium oxide paste (for example, Ti-nanoxide, T, D, T / SP, D / SP, manufactured by Solaronix) can be used.

Subsequently, the photosensitizer (dye) is adsorbed on the porous semiconductor by immersing the porous semiconductor in the dye adsorption solution. Thereby, the photoelectric converting layer 3 in which the pigment | dye was adsorbed is produced. The photosensitizer converts light energy incident on the photoelectric conversion element 10 into electrical energy. As a photosensitizer, in addition to various organic dyes having absorption in the visible light region and infrared light region, metal complex dyes and the like can be employed, and one or more of these dyes are combined. Also good.

Next, a paste prepared by dispersing a fine-particle insulator in an appropriate solvent and further mixing a polymer compound such as ethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is applied onto the photoelectric conversion layer 3. Thereafter, at least one of drying and baking is performed. Thereby, the porous insulating layer 4 can be formed on the photoelectric conversion layer 3.

Subsequently, a catalyst layer 5 is formed on the porous insulating layer 4 using a sputtering method or the like. As the catalyst layer 5, for example, a noble metal material such as platinum or palladium, or a carbon-based material such as carbon black, ketjen black, carbon nanotube, or fullerene can be employed.

Next, the counter electrode conductive layer 6 is formed on the catalyst layer 5 using a known method such as a sputtering method or a spray method. As the counter electrode conductive layer 6, for example, indium tin composite oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO 2), tin oxide doped with fluorine (FTO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or the like can be used.

Subsequently, the sealing material 8 is applied to the outer periphery of the translucent substrate 1 and the support substrate 7 is bonded. As the sealing material 8, a silicone resin, an epoxy resin, a polyisobutylene resin, a hot melt resin, a glass material, or the like can be adopted, and a laminated structure may be formed using two or more of these. As the support substrate 7, tempered glass or the like can be employed.

Next, the carrier transport material 9 is injected between the support substrate 7 and the translucent substrate 1 from the injection port provided in the support substrate 7 using a vacuum injection method, a vacuum impregnation method, or the like. As the carrier transport material 9, a conductive material capable of transporting ions can be employed, and a liquid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, a molten salt gel electrolyte, etc., generally used in the field of solar cells can be employed. .

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the dye-sensitized solar cell module provided in the solar power generation device according to the present embodiment. With reference to FIG. 2, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20 provided in the solar power generation device according to the present embodiment will be described.

As shown in FIG. 2, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20 is obtained by connecting the photoelectric conversion elements 10 in series. Specifically, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20 faces the translucent substrate 21 and the translucent substrate 21. Support substrate 27, four laminated bodies 11 connected in series between these, and current collecting electrode 23.

The space located between the translucent substrate 21 and the support substrate 27 is divided into four by the sealing material 8, and each of the four divided spaces is filled with the carrier transport material 9. In addition, each of the laminates 11 is disposed.

The current collecting electrode 23 is provided at an end portion located outside the sealing material 8 in the transparent conductive layer 2 formed on the translucent substrate 21.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a dye-sensitized solar cell module installed in different directions in order to constitute the solar power generation device according to the present embodiment. With reference to FIG. 3, dye-sensitized solar cell modules 20 </ b> S, 20 </ b> E, and 20 </ b> W installed in different directions in order to configure the solar power generation device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the case where the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W are installed in different directions in order to configure the solar power generation device according to the present embodiment, at least two different directions are used. In addition, a dye-sensitized solar cell module having a different spectral sensitivity due to a difference in the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer described above is installed.

In particular, when the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W are installed on the wall surface of the building 30, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S is installed on the wall surface 30s facing south and the dye-sensitized cell wall 30e facing east. The solar cell module 20E is installed, and the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20W is installed on the wall surface 30w facing west.

Spectral sensitivity of the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S installed on the wall surface 30s facing south, dye-sensitized solar cell module 20E installed on the wall surface 30e facing east, and dye sensitization installed on the wall surface 30w facing west The spectral sensitivity of the solar cell module 20W is different from the photoelectric conversion layer structure of the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S and the photoelectric conversion layer structures of the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20E and the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20W. Is different.

Since the sun changes its position with time, its elevation angle and sunlight wavelength will fluctuate. Specifically, in the morning (time zone from sunrise to noon), the sun is located on the east side, the elevation angle of the sun is small, and the proportion of sunlight having a wavelength region on the long wavelength side such as red increases. . Further, in the evening (time zone from noon to sunset), the sun is located on the west side, the elevation angle of the sun is small, and the proportion of sunlight having a long wavelength region such as red increases. Furthermore, in the time zone centered around noon, the sun is located on the south side, the sun's elevation angle is large, and sunlight with less bias toward the long wavelength side than in the morning and evening is obtained.

Here, in the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20, even when the incident angle of sunlight with respect to the light receiving surface approaches horizontal due to variation in the elevation angle of the sun and variation in the incident angle of sunlight, the power generation rate is unlikely to decrease. It has the property. For this reason, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20 has a sufficient amount of power generation even when installed on a wall surface, compared to a silicon-based solar cell module that has been installed southward on a conventional rooftop or the like. Can be secured.

Furthermore, the installation area can be increased by installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20 not only on the roof but also on the wall surface. As a result, the amount of power generation can be further secured.

In the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 100 (see FIG. 4) according to the present embodiment, by installing the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W having different spectral sensitivities in a predetermined direction, Since the wavelength of sunlight that changes depending on the orientation can be efficiently absorbed, a larger amount of power generation can be ensured.

The spectral sensitivity of the dye-sensitized solar cell module can be changed by changing the film thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer or the laminated structure of the photoelectric conversion layer. Specifically, in the manufacturing process described above, the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer is changed by stacking layers in which the mixing ratio of semiconductor fine particles having two or more kinds of particle sizes made of the same or different semiconductor compounds is changed.

When a photoelectric conversion layer is produced using two or more kinds of semiconductor fine particles having different particle sizes, the semiconductor fine particles having a large particle size can improve the light capture rate by scattering incident light. Small semiconductor fine particles can improve the amount of dye adsorbed by increasing the number of adsorption points.

At this time, the ratio of the average particle size of different particle sizes is preferably 10 times or more, the average particle size of semiconductor fine particles having a large particle size is suitably about 100 to 500 nm, and the average particle size of semiconductor fine particles having a small particle size is A thickness of about 5 nm to 50 nm is appropriate. It is also effective to use semiconductor particles having a strong adsorbing action as semiconductor particles having a small particle size.

By increasing the film thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer 3 or adding semiconductor fine particles having a large particle size to a position far from the incident side in the photoelectric conversion layer by the above method, the solar confinement effect can be enhanced. In addition, the spectral sensitivity on the long wavelength side of the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20 can be increased.

As a result, the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20W and 20E having a spectral sensitivity exhibiting high sensitivity on the long wavelength side can be used as other azimuths different from the azimuth closest to the azimuth in which the sun is most median in one year. By installing in, it can absorb the sunlight of a long wavelength side efficiently by the said dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20W and 20E.

Moreover, the film | membrane of the photoelectric conversion layer 3 of the

solar cell modules

20W and 20E installed in the west side and east side as an azimuth | direction different from the said south side in the south side as the azimuth | direction nearest to the direction which the sun is the most median in one year A dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S in which the film thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer 3 is thinner than the thickness is installed.

By reducing the film thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer 3, it is possible to reduce the surface area in which a reverse electron reaction in which electrons move from the photoelectric conversion layer 3 into the carrier transport material 9 occurs. For this reason, a large voltage can be obtained, and as a result, the amount of power generation can be increased.

When the sun comes to the south side, the elevation angle of the sun is increased, so that the incident angle to the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S is smaller than in the morning and evening. When the incident angle is small, sunlight enters in an oblique direction as compared with the case where the incident angle is large, so that the optical path length in the photoelectric conversion layer 3 is long. Thereby, even if it is a case where the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S with the thin film thickness of the photoelectric converting layer 3 is installed in the south side, sunlight can be absorbed effectively.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a solar power generation device constituted by the solar cell module shown in FIG. With reference to FIG. 4, the solar power generation device 100 comprised by the solar cell module shown in FIG. 3 is demonstrated.

As shown in FIG. 4, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 100 includes, for example, photovoltaic

power generation panels

40S, 40E, and 40W installed on a south wall, an east wall, and a west wall, and

photovoltaic panels

40S, 40E, 40W. And an inverter 101 that converts the DC power output from AC into AC power. The solar power generation device 100 supplies electric power to the electronic device 103 provided in the building. The photovoltaic

power generation panels

40S, 40E, and 40W are connected in parallel.

The solar power generation panel 40S is configured by connecting a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cell modules 20S in series or in parallel to each other, and the solar power generation panel 40E includes a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cell modules. 20E is configured by being connected to each other in series or in parallel, and the photovoltaic power generation panel 40W is configured by a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cell modules 20W being connected to each other in series or in parallel. .

In addition, the plurality of dye-sensitized solar cell modules installed in the same orientation preferably include photoelectric conversion layers having the same structure, for example, all the dye-sensitized solar cell modules constituting the solar power generation panel 40S. 20S includes photoelectric conversion layers having the same structure.

However, even if the orientation is the same, the spectrum may be different due to the influence of reflected light, etc. depending on the installation location, so in some cases, multiple dye-sensitized solar cell modules installed in the same orientation may be used. Among them, some of the dye-sensitized solar cell modules may include a photoelectric conversion layer having the same structure. In this case, a plurality of dye solar cell modules installed in the same orientation may be all connected in parallel, or the above-mentioned part of the dye-sensitized solar cell modules connected in parallel or in series, Other dye-sensitized solar cell modules connected in parallel or in series may be connected in parallel.

As described above, in the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, the plurality of dye-sensitized solar cell modules constituting the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 100 differ depending on the provision of photoelectric conversion layers having different structures. Two or more types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules having spectral sensitivity are included, and two types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules having different spectral sensitivities are installed in different directions. That is, a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cell modules constituting the solar power generation device 100 are installed in different directions and have different spectral sensitivities by including photoelectric conversion layers having different structures. Is included.

As described above, the amount of power generated from the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W differs in each azimuth and each time zone due to fluctuations in the elevation angle of the sun and the wavelength of incident sunlight. By appropriately controlling the input, it is possible to efficiently extract power at the optimum operating point of the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W.

In the present embodiment, the case where one solar

power generation panel

40S, 40E, and 40E is installed on each of the south wall surface, the east wall surface, and the west wall surface has been described as an example. It is not limited to, A plurality of photovoltaic power generation panels may be installed. Moreover, the solar power generation device 100 may be provided with the storage battery which stores a direct current as needed.

FIGS. 5 to 10 are diagrams showing first to sixth examples of the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer in the dye-sensitized solar cell module arranged in different directions. The first to sixth examples of the structure of the photoelectric conversion layers of the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W will be described with reference to FIGS.

5 to 10 are diagrams schematically showing the photoelectric conversion layer by paying attention only to the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer formed on the transparent conductive layer of the translucent substrate 21, and are dye-sensitized solar cells. The components other than the photoelectric conversion layers of the

modules

20S, 20E, and 20W are substantially the same as the configuration shown in FIG. As a photosensitizer (dye) to be adsorbed on the porous semiconductor, a commercially available dye (manufactured by Solaronix, trade name: Ruthenizer520 DN) is used.

As shown in FIG. 5, in the first example of the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer of the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S installed on the south side has a photoelectric conversion layer. The dye-sensitized solar cell module 20W having 3S1 and installed on the west side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3W1, and the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20E installed on the east side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3E1.

The photoelectric conversion layer 3S1 is a commercially available titanium oxide paste 2P (manufactured by Solaronix, product name: D / SP) on the layer T formed by a commercially available titanium oxide paste 1P (manufactured by Solaronix, product name: T / SP). ) Is formed by laminating the layers S formed by (1).

Titanium oxide paste 1P (manufactured by Solaronix, trade name: T / SP) includes titanium oxide particles having an average particle size of 13 nm. The titanium oxide particles have an anatase type crystal structure.

Moreover, titanium oxide paste 2P (product name: D / SP, manufactured by Solaronix) includes titanium oxide particles having an average particle size of 13 nm and optical dispersion particles having an average particle size of 400 nm. The titanium oxide particles have an anatase type crystal structure.

When forming the photoelectric conversion layer 3S1, first, a commercially available titanium oxide paste 1P is applied once on a transparent conductive film formed on the main surface of the substrate and dried, and then the substrate is baked. Thereby, the formed layer T is formed. Next, after the commercially available titanium oxide paste 2P is applied once on the layer T and dried, the substrate is baked. Thereby, the layer S is laminated on the layer T, and the photoelectric conversion layer 3S1 that is a porous semiconductor layer is formed.

The photoelectric conversion layers 3W1 and 3E1 are configured by sequentially stacking the above-described layer S and layer R on the above-described layer T. The layer R is formed by a titanium oxide paste 3P prepared by mixing a colloid solution I containing titanium oxide particles having an average particle diameter of 15 nm and a colloid solution III containing titanium oxide particles having an average particle diameter of 310 nm at a ratio of 50 wt%. Is done.

In preparing the colloidal solution I, first, 125 mL of titanium isopropoxide (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 750 mL of 0.1M aqueous nitric acid solution (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a pH adjusting agent are mixed, and at 80 ° C. By heating for 8 hours, the hydrolysis reaction of titanium isopropoxide proceeds to prepare a sol solution. Next, titanium oxide particles are grown for 11 hours under a temperature condition of 230 ° C. using a titanium autoclave. Thereafter, ultrasonic dispersion is performed for 30 minutes. As a result, a colloidal solution I containing titanium oxide particles having an average particle diameter of 15 nm can be produced.

Also, when preparing the colloidal solution III, the processing conditions using the titanium autoclave are different compared to the case of preparing the colloidal solution I, and other procedures are the same as when preparing the colloidal solution I. It is the same. Specifically, when preparing the colloid solution III, titanium oxide particles are grown for 17 hours under a temperature condition of 210 ° C. using a titanium autoclave. At this time, the titanium oxide particles are grown so that the titanium oxide has an anatase type crystal structure. Thereby, the colloidal solution III containing the titanium oxide particles having an average particle diameter of 315 nm can be produced.

The average particle diameter of the titanium oxide particles contained in the colloidal solution can be measured by analyzing the dynamic light scattering of the laser light using a light scattering photometer (manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).

When the photoelectric conversion layers 3W1 and 3E1 are formed, the above-described titanium oxide paste 3P is applied once on the layered body of the layer T and the layer S formed according to the above-described procedure for forming the photoelectric conversion layer 3S1. After drying, the substrate is baked. Thereby, the layer R is laminated | stacked on the said laminated body, and the photoelectric converting layers 3W1 and 3E1 which are porous semiconductor layers are formed.

By adopting the structure shown in the first example as described above, the photoelectric conversion layers 3W1 and 3E1 are thicker than those of the photoelectric conversion layer 3S1 and have a large particle size in a portion away from the incident side. Fine particles are contained, and the spectral sensitivity is increased on the long wavelength side.

Thereby, the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20W and 20E including the photoelectric conversion layers 3W1 and 3E1 have higher spectral sensitivity on the long wavelength side than the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S including the photoelectric conversion layer 3S1. Become.

Therefore, the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20W and 20E can efficiently absorb sunlight having a large proportion of a wavelength region on the long wavelength side such as red.

As described above, in the dye-sensitized solar cell module, the spectral sensitivity can be easily changed by changing the type of material forming the porous semiconductor layer and controlling the film thickness by the number of coatings. Furthermore, since the above process can be achieved by the same printing process, a dye-sensitized solar cell module having a spectral sensitivity different from that of other solar cells can be easily and easily produced.

Thus, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 100 configured by installing the prepared dye-sensitized solar cell modules having different spectral sensitivities in different orientations has the same spectral sensitivity in each azimuth. Compared with a solar power generation device configured by being installed in, a large amount of power generation can be ensured.

In addition, in the installation method in which the dye-sensitized solar cell modules having different spectral sensitivities are installed in different directions, compared with the method in which the dye-sensitized solar cell modules having the same spectral sensitivity are installed in each direction, the power generation is large. The amount can be secured.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the second example of the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer of the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, 20W, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S installed on the south side has a photoelectric conversion layer. The dye-sensitized solar cell module 20W having 3S2 and installed on the west side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3W2, and the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20E installed on the east side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3E2.

The structures of the photoelectric conversion layers 3S2, 3W2, and 3E2 are different from each other in that the layer T is formed thicker than the structures of the photoelectric conversion layers 3S1, 3W1, and 3E1, and the other structures are photoelectrically converted. The structure conforms to the layers 3S1, 3W1 and 3E1.

More specifically, in the photoelectric conversion layers 3S2, 3W2, and 3E2, the layer T is formed thick by repeating the application and drying of the titanium oxide paste 1P and the baking of the substrate twice.

By adopting the structure shown in the second example as described above, the photoelectric conversion layers 3W2 and 3E2 are thicker than the photoelectric conversion layer 3S2 and have a large particle size in a portion away from the incident side. Fine particles are contained, and the spectral sensitivity is increased on the long wavelength side. Therefore, the solar power generation device 100 configured by the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the second example is configured by installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the same spectral sensitivity in each direction. Compared with a solar power generation apparatus, a large amount of power generation can be ensured.

Also, in the installation method of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the second example in different directions, the installation of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the first example in different directions The effect similar to the method can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 7, in the third example of the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer of the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S installed on the south side has a photoelectric conversion layer. The dye-sensitized solar cell module 20W having 3S3 and installed on the west side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3W3, and the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20E installed on the east side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3E3.

The structure of the photoelectric conversion layer 3S3 is the same as the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer 3S1. The structures of the photoelectric conversion layers 3W3 and 3E3 are different in that the layer S is formed thickly without forming the layer R when compared with the structures of the photoelectric conversion layers 3W1 and 3E1, and other structures are as follows. The structure conforms to the photoelectric conversion layers 3W3 and 3E3.

Specifically, in the photoelectric conversion layers 3W3 and 3E3, after the layer T is formed, the application and drying of the titanium oxide paste 2P and the baking of the substrate are repeated twice, so that the layer S becomes thicker on the layer T. Is formed.

By adopting the structure shown in the third example as described above, the photoelectric conversion layers 3W3 and 3E3 have higher spectral sensitivity on the longer wavelength side due to the increase in film thickness compared to the photoelectric conversion layer 3S3. Therefore, the solar power generation device 100 configured by the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the third example is configured by installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the same spectral sensitivity in each direction. Compared with a solar power generation apparatus, a large amount of power generation can be ensured.

Also, in the installation method of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the third example in different directions, the installation of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the first example in different directions The effect similar to the method can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 8, in the fourth example of the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer of the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S installed on the south side has a photoelectric conversion layer. The dye-sensitized solar cell module 20W having 3S4 and installed on the west side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3W4, and the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20E installed on the east side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3E4.

The structure of the photoelectric conversion layer 3S4 is different in that the layer R is formed without forming the layer S when compared with the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer 3S1. Specifically, the photoelectric conversion layer 3S4 is formed by applying the above-described titanium oxide paste 3P once on the layer T and drying it, and then baking the substrate.

The structure of the photoelectric conversion layers 3W4 and 3E4 is the same as the structure of the photoelectric conversion layers 3W1 and 3E1.

By adopting the structure shown in the fourth example as described above, the photoelectric conversion layers 3W4 and 3E4 are thicker than the photoelectric conversion layer 3S4 and have a large particle size in a portion away from the incident side. Fine particles are contained, and the spectral sensitivity is increased on the long wavelength side. Therefore, the solar power generation device 100 configured by the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the fourth example is configured by installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the same spectral sensitivity in each direction. Compared with a solar power generation apparatus, a large amount of power generation can be ensured.

Also, in the installation method of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the fourth example in different directions, the installation of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the first example in different directions The effect similar to the method can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 9, in the fifth example of the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer of the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, 20W, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S installed on the south side has a photoelectric conversion layer. The dye-sensitized solar cell module 20W having 3S5 and installed on the west side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3W5, and the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20E installed on the east side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3E5.

The structure of the photoelectric conversion layers 3S5 and 3E5 is the same as the structure of the photoelectric conversion layers 3S1 and 3E1.

The structure of the photoelectric conversion layer 3W5 is different in that the layer S is formed thicker than the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer 3W1, and the other structures are structures according to the photoelectric conversion layer 3W1. .

Specifically, in the photoelectric conversion layer 3W5, the layer S is formed thick by repeating application and drying of the titanium oxide paste 2P and baking of the substrate twice on the T layer. The titanium oxide paste 3P is applied once on the thick layer S and dried, and then the substrate is baked to form the photoelectric conversion layer 3W5.

By adopting the structure shown in the fifth example as described above, the photoelectric conversion layers 3W5 and 3E5 are larger in thickness than the photoelectric conversion layer 3S5 and have a large particle size in a portion away from the incident side. Fine particles are contained, and the spectral sensitivity is increased on the long wavelength side. Therefore, the solar power generation device 100 configured by the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the fifth example is configured by installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the same spectral sensitivity in each direction. Compared with a solar power generation apparatus, a large amount of power generation can be ensured.

Also, in the installation method of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the fifth example in different directions, the installation of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the first example in different directions The effect similar to the method can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 10, in the sixth example of the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer of the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W, the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S installed on the south side has a photoelectric conversion layer. The dye-sensitized solar cell module 20W provided with 3S6 and installed on the west side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3W6, and the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20E installed on the east side has a photoelectric conversion layer 3E6.

The structure of the photoelectric conversion layers 3S6 and 3W6 is the same as the structure of the photoelectric conversion layers 3S1 and 3W1.

The structure of the photoelectric conversion layer 3E6 is different in that the layer S is formed thicker than the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer 3E1, and the other structures are structures according to the photoelectric conversion layer 3E1. .

Specifically, in the photoelectric conversion layer 3E6, the layer S is formed thick by repeating application and drying of the titanium oxide paste 2P and baking of the substrate twice on the T layer. After the titanium oxide paste 3P is applied once on the thick layer S and dried, the substrate is baked to form the photoelectric conversion layer 3E6.

By adopting the structure shown in the sixth example as described above, the photoelectric conversion layers 3W6 and 3E6 are larger in thickness than the photoelectric conversion layer 3S6 and have a large particle size in a portion away from the incident side. Fine particles are contained, and the spectral sensitivity is increased on the long wavelength side. Therefore, the solar power generation device 100 configured by the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the sixth example is configured by installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the same spectral sensitivity in each direction. Compared with a solar power generation apparatus, a large amount of power generation can be ensured.

Also, in the installation method of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the sixth example in different directions, the installation of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module having the structure shown in the first example in different directions The effect similar to the method can be obtained.

FIG. 11 is a table showing the results of verification experiments conducted to verify the effects of the present invention. A verification experiment performed on the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 11, the power generation amount of the dye-sensitized solar cell modules according to Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 was measured in each direction. In Examples 1 to 6, dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20S, 20E, and 20W having structures according to the first to sixth examples of the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer described above were prepared, and the south side, the west side, and the east side, respectively. Arranged. In Comparative Examples 1 to 6, dye-sensitized solar cell modules 20S having structures according to the first to sixth examples of the structure of the photoelectric conversion layer were prepared and arranged on the south side, the west side, and the east side, respectively.

Specifically, in Examples 1 to 6, the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20E and 20W having higher spectral sensitivity on the longer wavelength side than the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S are arranged on the west side and the east side, and Comparative Example 1 To 6, the dye-sensitized solar cell modules 20S having the same spectral sensitivity are arranged on the south side, the west side, and the east side, respectively.

In Example 7, dye-sensitized solar cell modules are installed only on the south side and west side in Example 1, and in Example 8, dye-sensitized solar cell modules are installed only on the south side and east side in Example 1. did. In contrast to this, in Comparative Example 7, the same dye-sensitized solar cell module as in the south side was installed on the south side and west side, and in Comparative Example 8, the same dye-sensitized solar cell module as in the south side was installed on the south side and east side.

The power generation amount of the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S installed on the south side in Examples 1 to 8 was the same as the power generation amount of the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S installed on the south side in Comparative Examples 1 to 8, respectively. .

In addition, the power generation amount of the dye-sensitized

solar cell modules

20W and 20E installed on the west side and the east side in Examples 1 to 6 is the same as that of the dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S installed on the west side and the east side in Comparative Examples 1 to 6. Each increased more than the amount of power generation.

In comparison between Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8, as in Examples 1 to 6, the power generation amount of the dye-sensitized

solar cell module

20E or 20W installed on the west side or the east side is It was confirmed that the amount of power generation exceeded that of the installed dye-sensitized solar cell module 20S.

As a result of the above verification experiment, it is configured by installing at least two or more kinds of dye-sensitized solar cell modules having different spectral sensitivities by being provided with photoelectric conversion layers having different structures and facing in different directions. The solar power generation device can ensure a large amount of power generation compared with the solar power generation device configured by installing dye-sensitized solar cell modules having the same spectral sensitivity in each direction, but is experimental. It can be said that it was confirmed.

Similarly, in the installation method in which at least two types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules having different spectral sensitivities by having photoelectric conversion layers having different structures are installed in different directions, the spectral sensitivities are the same. It can be said that it was confirmed experimentally that a large amount of power generation can be ensured as compared with the method of installing the dye-sensitized solar cell module in each direction.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the case where the dye-sensitized solar cell module is formed by connecting the four photoelectric conversion elements 10 in series has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. A dye-sensitized solar cell module may be formed by connecting three or five or more photoelectric conversion elements in series.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the photoelectric conversion element includes the transparent conductive layer 2, the photoelectric conversion layer 3, the porous insulating layer 4, the catalyst layer 5, and the counter electrode conductive layer 6 in order from the translucent substrate 1. Although the case where the laminated body 11 was laminated | stacked was illustrated and demonstrated, it is not limited to this, A photoelectric conversion element is a photoelectric converting layer, a transparent conductive layer, a porous insulating layer, a counter electrode conductive layer in order from a translucent board | substrate. May be configured to include a laminated body in which are stacked.

In this case, insulating portions are formed on both sides of the laminate, and the transparent conductive layer is drawn on the translucent substrate by covering one insulating portion, and the counter electrode conductive layer 6 covers the other insulating portion. Is pulled out on the translucent substrate, and a sealing material is provided on the insulating portion.

Further, as described above, in the present embodiment, the case where a dye-sensitized solar cell module is formed by connecting photoelectric conversion elements having the same structure in series has been described. Without being limited thereto, a dye-sensitized solar cell module may be formed by connecting photoelectric conversion elements having different structures in series.

In this case, the first photoelectric conversion element in which a transparent conductive layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, a carrier transport material, a catalyst layer, and a counter electrode conductive layer are sequentially stacked on the light transmitting substrate, and the same light transmitting substrate. A dye-sensitized solar cell module is formed by alternately connecting in series a second photoelectric conversion element in which a translucent conductive layer, a catalyst layer, a carrier liquid transporting material, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a counter electrode conductive layer are sequentially stacked. Is formed.

In addition, in this Embodiment, although the case where a solar power generation device was installed in the place where latitude becomes north from a north regression line was demonstrated, it is not limited to this, The said solar power generation device is , The latitude may be set between the north return line and the south return line, and the latitude may be set to the south of the south return line.

In locations north of the North Return Line, the mid-direction of the Sun is always south throughout the year, even if the Sun moves between the North and South Return Lines throughout the year. At locations south of the regression line, the mid-direction of the sun is always north throughout the year, even when the sun moves between the north and south regression lines throughout the year.

On the other hand, in a place where the latitude is between the north and south return lines, the sun moves between the north and south return lines throughout the year, so that Change and become either north or south. In this case, the direction in which the sun is the most median of the year is north when the sun is in the middle as the center of the year throughout the year, and the south is the direction in which the sun is in the middle throughout the year. To the south.

As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, embodiment disclosed this time is an illustration and restrictive at no points. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, and includes meanings equivalent to the terms of the claims and all changes within the scope.

1 translucent substrate, 2 transparent conductive layer, 2a separation line, 3 photoelectric conversion layer, 4 porous insulating layer, 5 catalyst layer, 6 counter electrode conductive layer, 7 support substrate, 8 encapsulant, 9 carrier transport material, 10 Photoelectric conversion element, 11 laminate, 20 dye-sensitized solar cell module, 23 collector electrode, 30 building, 30e, 30s, 30w wall surface, 100 solar power generation device, 101 inverter, 103 electronic device.

Claims

A photovoltaic power generation apparatus in which at least two types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules having different spectral sensitivities by being provided with photoelectric conversion layers having different structures are installed in different directions.
Each of the plurality of dye-sensitized solar cell modules included in the solar power generation panel includes a solar power generation panel configured by a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cell modules installed in the same direction, and has the same structure. The solar power generation device according to claim 1, comprising the photoelectric conversion layer.
Of the at least two or more types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules, toward the other direction rather than the dye-sensitized solar cell module installed in the direction closest to the direction in which the sun is most median in one year The solar power generation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the installed dye-sensitized solar cell module has spectral sensitivity exhibiting high sensitivity on a long wavelength side.
Of the at least two or more types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules, toward the other direction rather than the dye-sensitized solar cell module installed in the direction closest to the direction in which the sun is most median in one year The solar power generation device according to claim 3, wherein the installed dye-sensitized solar cell module includes a photoelectric conversion layer having a large thickness.
The solar power generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least two or more types of dye-sensitized solar cell modules are installed across wall surfaces facing different directions of a building.