JP6510493B2 - 腎毒性活性物質からの保護のための接合体 - Google Patents
腎毒性活性物質からの保護のための接合体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6510493B2 JP6510493B2 JP2016512239A JP2016512239A JP6510493B2 JP 6510493 B2 JP6510493 B2 JP 6510493B2 JP 2016512239 A JP2016512239 A JP 2016512239A JP 2016512239 A JP2016512239 A JP 2016512239A JP 6510493 B2 JP6510493 B2 JP 6510493B2
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- active compound
- peptide
- kidney
- acid
- conjugate
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- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STZIXLPVKZUAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1,2,2-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCC1(C(O)=O)C(O)=O STZIXLPVKZUAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002228 disulfide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-DUHBMQHGSA-N galactaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-DUHBMQHGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004554 glutamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003180 glutathione Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002795 guanidino group Chemical group C(N)(=N)N* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000589 high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229960003444 immunosuppressant agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003907 kidney function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004325 lysozyme Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLVYMPOQNJTFSG-QMMMGPOBSA-N monoiodotyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](NI)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZLVYMPOQNJTFSG-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- OKDQKPLMQBXTNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-2h-pyridin-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)N1CC=CC=C1 OKDQKPLMQBXTNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007923 nasal drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100662 nasal drops Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940097496 nasal spray Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007922 nasal spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021096 natural sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009206 nuclear medicine Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFOIOXZLTXNHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1OC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C1C(O)=O UFOIOXZLTXNHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940118537 p53 inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010091748 peptide A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000813 peptide hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008105 phosphatidylcholines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002721 polycyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;[2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(1,2,4-triaza-3-azanidacyclopenta-1,4-dien-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-yl]methanol Chemical compound [K+].CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2=N[N-]N=N2)C=C1 OXCMYAYHXIHQOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(C5=CC=C(OC)C=C5N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002603 single-photon emission computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010248 tubular secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003424 uricosuric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001635 urinary tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001790 virustatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195724 β-lactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/38—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/385—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom having two or more sulfur atoms in the same ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
- A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
- A61K47/645—Polycationic or polyanionic oligopeptides, polypeptides or polyamino acids, e.g. polylysine, polyarginine, polyglutamic acid or peptide TAT
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
比較的小さい内因性タンパク質、例えばリゾチーム(14.3kDa)は、腎臓の糸球体を通過することができ、活性化合物による腎臓のアドレス指定のための輸送体として適切である(Franssenら:J.Med.Chem.35、7、1992、1246〜1259(非特許文献1);Zhangら:Biomaterials 30、2009、1372〜1381頁)。
−(Bm−An−Co)− (1)
を含むペプチドであり、
式中、
Aは、酸性側基を有するアミノ酸を示し、
Bは、塩基性側基を有するアミノ酸を示し、
Cは、任意の所望のアミノ酸を示し、
n、mは、互いに独立して、1〜10の整数を示し、ここで、n:m=1:3〜3:1
であり、
oは、0と10との間の整数を示し、
−このペプチド全体は、5〜100アミノ酸単位の鎖長を有し、
−このペプチドは、少なくとも50%(アミノ酸単位の数に基づく)のアミノ酸AおよびBからなる。
1)の配列セクション
−(Bm−An−Co)− (1)
からなる。
−(B3−A1−Co)−、−(B2−A1−Co)−、−(B1−A1−Co)−、
−(B6−A2−Co)−、−(B5−A2−Co)−、−(B4−A2−Co)−、
−(B3−A2−Co)−、−(B2−A2−Co)−、−(B1−A2−Co)−、
−(B9−A3−Co)−、−(B8−A3−Co)−、−(B7−A3−Co)−、
−(B6−A3−Co)−、−(B5−A3−Co)−、−(B4−A3−Co)−、
−(B3−A3−Co)−、−(B2−A3−Co)−、−(B1−A3−Co)−、
−(B10−A4−Co)−、−(B9−A4−Co)−、−(B8−A4−Co)−、
−(B7−A4−Co)−、−(B6−A4−Co)−、−(B5−A4−Co)−、
−(B4−A4−Co)−、−(B3−A4−Co)−、−(B2−A4−Co)−、
−(B10−A5−Co)−、−(B9−A5−Co)−、−(B8−A5−Co)−、
−(B7−A5−Co)−、−(B6−A5−Co)−、−(B5−A5−Co)−、
−(B4−A5−Co)−、−(B3−A5−Co)−、−(B2−A5−Co)−、
−(B10−A6−Co)−、−(B9−A6−Co)−、−(B8−A6−Co)−、
−(B7−A6−Co)−、−(B6−A6−Co)−、−(B5−A6−Co)−、
−(B5−A6−Co)−、−(B3−A6−Co)−、−(B2−A6−Co)−、
−(B10−A7−Co)−、−(B9−A7−Co)−、−(B8−A7−Co)−、
−(B7−A7−Co)−、−(B6−A7−Co)−、−(B5−A7−Co)−、
−(B4−A7−Co)−、−(B3−A7−Co)−、
−(B10−A8−Co)−、−(B9−A8−Co)−、−(B8−A8−Co)−、
−(B7−A8−Co)−、−(B6−A8−Co)−、−(B5−A8−Co)−、
−(B4−A8−Co)−、−(B3−A8−Co)−、
−(B10−A9−Co)−、−(B9−A9−Co)−、−(B8−A9−Co)−、
−(B7−A9−Co)−、−(B6−A9−Co)−、−(B5−A9−Co)−、
−(B4−A9−Co)−、−(B3−A9−Co)−、
−(B10−A10−Co)−、−(B9−A10−Co)−、
−(B8−A10−Co)−、−(B7−A10−Co)−、−(B6−A10−Co)−、
−(B5−A10−Co)−または−(B4−A10−Co)−、
式中、A、B、Cおよびoは、上記のように規定される。
−(KKKE)−、−(KKE)−、−(KE)−、
−(KKKKKEE)−、−(KKKKEE)−、−(KKKEE)−、−(KKEE)−、−(KEE)−、
−(KKKKKEEE)−、−(KKKKEEE)−、−(KKKEEE)−、
−(KKEEE)−、−(KEEE)−、
−(KKKKKEEEE)−、−(KKKKEEEE)−、−(KKKEEEE)−、
−(KKEEEE)−、
−(KKKKKEEEEE)−、−(KKKKEEEEE)−、−(KKKEEEEE)−、−(KKEEEEEE)−、
−(KKKD)−、−(KKD)−、−(KD)−、
−(KKKKKDD)−、−(KKKKDD)−、−(KKKDD)−、−(KKDD)−、−(KDD)−、
−(KKKKKDDD)−、−(KKKKDDD)−、−(KKKDDD)−、
−(KKDDD)−、−(KDDD)−、
−(KKKKKDDDD)−、−(KKKKDDDD)−、−(KKKDDDD)−、
−(KKDDDD)−、
−(KKKKKDDDDD)−、−(KKKKDDDDD)−、−(KKKDDDDD)−、
−(KKDDDDDD)−、
−(RRRE)−、−(RRE)−、−(RE)−、
−(RRRRREE)−、−(RRRREE)−、−(RRREE)−、−(RREE)−、−(REE)−、
−(RRRRREEE)−、−(RRRREEE)−、−(RRREEE)−、
−(RREEE)−、−(REEE)−、
−(RRRRREEEE)−、−(RRRREEEE)−、−(RRREEEE)−、
−(RREEEE)−、
−(RRRRREEEEE)−、−(RRRREEEEE)−、−(RRREEEEE)−、
−(RREEEEEE)−、
−(KRKE)−、−(RKE)−、
−(KKRRKED)−、−(KKKKED)−、−(KKHEC)−、
−(KKED)−、
−(KKKHKDEE)−、−(KKKKEDD)−、−(RRREDE)−、
−(KHDCE)−、−(KDEE)−、
−(RKRKRDEDE)−、−(KKKHDEED)−、−(KRHEDCE)−、
−(KKEDDE)−、
−(KKRRKEEEEE)−、−(KKRKEEEED)−、−(KKREDDEE)−、
−(KKDDEEEE)−
から選択される配列を示すことが可能であり、これらの各々において、アミノ酸の1文字
コードが使用される:E(グルタミン酸)、D(アスパラギン酸)、C(システイン酸)、
K(リジン)、R(アルギニン)、H(ヒスチジン)。
Xp(BmAnCo)xYq (2)
式中、
A、B、C、n、mおよびoは、上で規定したとおりであり、
xは、3、4または5を示し、
XおよびYは、互いに独立して、任意の所望のアミノ酸、好ましくはBを示し、
pおよびqは、互いに独立して、0と3との間の整数、好ましくは0または1を示す。
−NH−SP−CO− I
のスペーサー機能を有するモノマー単位であり、
式中、SPは、C1〜C20アルキレン、アルケニレンまたはアルキニレン基であり得、ここで、1または複数の非隣接メチレン基は、−O−、−S−、−S(O)−、−SO2−、−SO2O−、−C(O)−、−C(O)O−、−CH2−、−CHR’−、−CR’2−、−CR’=CH−、−CH−CR’−、−CH=CH−、−CR’=CR’−、−C≡C−、−N+R’2−、−P(O)R’O−、−C(O)NR’−、−SO2NR’−、−OP(O)R’O−、P(O)(NR’2)NR’−、−PR’2=N−またはP(O)R’−によって置き換えられ得、式中、R’=C1〜C6−アルキル、C3〜C7−シクロアルキル、未置換または置換フェニルである。
第1のステップでは、細胞の内部中への細胞傷害性化合物の取り込みは、近位尿細管細胞の輸送機構の遮断によって防止され得る。この遮断は、特異的インヒビターを介して、またはあるいは、近位尿細管細胞の受容体を一時的に遮断する十分な量の輸送分子自体を介して、起き得る。類似の作用は、近位尿細管細胞の代謝活性を低減させる物質、またはこれらの細胞を細胞周期のG0期にとどまらせる物質によって示される。
近位尿細管細胞の輸送機構に対する影響を有する活性化合物が、腎臓選択的担体分子上にコンジュゲート化され得る。管腔中である側であって糸球体限外濾過液と接触する近位尿細管細胞の頂端側上、およびまた血管に面する側である側底側上の両方の細胞性輸送体が、特異的に選択された活性化合物分子を介して遮断され得る。近位尿細管細胞の側底側の輸送体は、内因性物質および例えば医薬などの外来物質の近位尿細管分泌にとって特に重要なものである。アニオン性物質は、有機アニオン輸送体1(OAT1)を介して近位尿細管細胞によって取り込まれる。対照的に、カチオン性物質は、有機カチオン輸送体2(OCT2)を介して取り込まれる。両方の輸送体が、特定の活性化合物によって阻害され得る。OAT1のインヒビターの一例は、薬物プロベネシドである(Kurtz Aら、2009、Physiologie、ISBN 3−131−51496−5、365頁)。プロベネシドは、本発明に従うペプチド上にコンジュゲート化され得、糸球体濾過後に、近位尿細管細胞の頂端側を介して取り込まれる。それを介してプロベネシドのカルボキシル基が担体分子とコンジュゲート化されるエステル基などの不安定性リンカーを介して、近位尿細管細のエンドソーム中の化学的に変化していない活性化合物が、エステラーゼによって遊離され得る。この遊離活性化合物は、拡散または輸送体を介して側底側に到達し得、その場所で有機アニオン輸送体1を遮断し得る。
抗酸化作用を有するいくつかの物質は、腎臓選択的担体分子上にコンジュゲート化され得る。適切なクラスの活性化合物は、とりわけ、ポリフェノール類(レスベラトロール、コーヒー酸、ルテオリン、ケルセチン、ルチン、シアニジン、キサントフモール(xanthohumol)、…)、リポ酸、アスコルビン酸、ニコチン酸、アミホスチン、アリイン、チオール類(例えば、2−メルカプトエタンスルホン酸ナトリウム(メスナ))、トコフェロール類、カロテノイド類(carotinoids)および/もしくはブチルヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)、またはそれらの組み合わせである。
抗アポトーシス物質が、腎活性化合物輸送体上にコンジュゲート化され得る。この群の活性化合物の例は、ピフィスリン−μ(Nijboerら 2011、Ann Neurol.:doi:10.1002/ana.22413)およびピフィスリン−α(Komarovaら 2000、Biochemistry(Mosc)65(1):41〜48)ならびにMDL 28170(Kawamuraら 2005、Brain Res.1037(1−2):59〜69)およびNS3694(Zhaoら 2010、Age(Dordr)32(2):161〜177)である。p53インヒビターであるピフィスリン−αは、処置された細胞およびモデル生物において、アポトーシスの誘発のための閾値を顕著に上昇させることができる。
抗酸化剤およびアポトーシス阻害剤に加えて、近位尿細管細胞の細胞周期の(一時的)停止を引き起こす化合物も同様に、腎毒性医薬による腎臓に対する損傷が低減され得る潜在的な活性化合物である。その一例は、化合物アピゲニンである(Ruela−de−Sousaら 2010、Cell death & disease.1、e19)。
例えばSp1またはMDC1などの特定の転写因子の活性化によって(Luoら 2012、The EMBO journal、31(13):3008〜3019)、細胞は、(二本)鎖破壊の増加した修復のために刺激され得る(Beishlineら 2012、Molecular and cellular biology、DOI:10.1128/MCB.00049−12.PMID 22826432)。フラボノイドバイカレイン(5,6,7−トリヒドロキシフラボン)は、細胞においてDNA修復を活性化することが可能な化合物の一例である(Kimら 2012、Cell Biol Toxicol、DOI:10.1007/s10565−012−9233−y.PMID 23011636)。
a)少なくとも1つの反応性基を含む、上で規定したような担体分子の提供、
b)ステップa)からの担体分子への、上で規定したような少なくとも1つの任意選択で活性化された活性化合物のコンジュゲート化。
−医薬としての、
−医薬としての使用のための、
−医薬における活性化合物または活性構成成分としての、
−腎毒性活性化合物に対する腎臓の保護のための使用のための、および
−特に、腎臓の疾患の処置のための医薬としての、
本発明に従う接合体、ならびに/または全ての比率でのそれらの混合物を含む、その医薬的に使用可能な塩および立体異性体、ならびに任意選択で賦形剤および/またはアジュバントに関する。
図1は、構造MAG3−KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKおよびMAG3−KKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEE(活性化合物のN末端連結−図1、上)ならびにKKEEEKKEEEKKEEE−yおよびKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEEKKEEE−y(活性化合物のC末端連結−図1、下)について、活性化合物の放出に対する鎖長の影響を示す。
1.1.酸性側基および塩基性側基を含むペプチドの合成
固相ペプチド合成
これらのペプチドを、ポリマー性支持体としてTentagel S RAM樹脂(ローディングの度合い:0.24mmol/g;Rapp Polymere、Tubingen、Germany)を使用するFmoc/tBu戦略に従って、Applied Biosystems GmbH(Carlsbad、CA、USA)のABI 433A完全自動ペプチド合成機上で調製する。酸不安定性側鎖保護基を含むFmoc−アミノ酸(Fmoc−AA−OH;Novabiochem、Merck KGaA、Darmstadt、Germany)(例えば、Arg(Pbf)、Asn(Trt)、Asp(tBu)、Cys(Trt)、Gln(Trt)、Glu(tBu)、His(Trt)、Lys(Boc)、Ser(tBu)、Thr(tBu)、Tyr(tBu))を、出発材料として使用する。合成サイクルは、a)NMP中20%のピペリジンを使用するFmoc保護基の切断、b)NMPによる洗浄ステップ、c)カップリング:Fmoc−AA−OH/HBTU/DIPEA/ペプチド樹脂 10/10/20/1、8分、d)NMPによる洗浄ステップ、からなる。Fmocの切断の有効性を、自動伝導率測定によってモニタリングする。これらのペプチドを、TFA/H2O/トリイソプロピルシラン(95:2.5:2.5)(室温で2時間)を使用して樹脂から切断し、冷メチルtert−ブチルエーテル中で沈殿させ、遠心分離(4000rpm、5分)によって分離し、減圧中で乾燥させ、MeCN/H2O(1:1)から凍結乾燥させる。
樹脂から切断されたペプチドの精製を、LaPrepユニット(VWR GmbH、Darmstadt、Germany)を使用するセミ分取HPLCによって実施する。使用するカラムは、Waters XBridge BEH130 PREP C18(5μm、19×150mm)カラム(流速:9〜20ml/分;溶媒:水中0.1%のTFAからアセトニトリル中0.1%のTFA)である。分離を、対応するペプチドの物理化学的特性と一致する、水からアセトニトリルまでの勾配を使用して実施する。精製されたペプチドが、凍結乾燥後に得られる。
標識化を、水中の、標識されるペプチドの1mMストック溶液を使用して実施する(DMSOが、より良い溶解度のために添加されていてもよい)。チロシン含有ペプチドを、クロラミン−T法(Perkin−Elmer、Waltham、MA、USA)によって、ヨウ素−123、ヨウ素−125またはヨウ素−131で標識する。この目的を達成するために、20μlのリン酸塩緩衝液(0.25M、pH7.4)を、10μlのストック溶液に添加し、所望の量の放射活性ヨウ素を添加する。標識化のために、5μlのクロラミン−T(H2O 1ml当たり2mg)を添加する。この反応を30秒間実施し、引き続いて、10μlの飽和メチオニン溶液を使用して終了させる。遊離ヨウ素と副生成物とを分離するために、この反応混合物を、セミ分取HPLC(Chromolith RP−18e、100×4.6mm)によって精製する。分離を、水中0.1%のTFAからアセトニトリル中0.1%のTFAまで10分間の直線勾配を使用して実施する(流速:2ml/分、214nmにおけるUV吸収、γ検出)。引き続いて、溶媒を、ロータリーエバポレーターにおいて除去し、標識されたペプチドを、所望の緩衝液中に取る。
ε−L−ポリリジン−DOTA:
DOTA 2,6−ジフルオロフェニルエステル:DCCを用いて、DOTAおよび2,6−ジフルオロフェノールから(Mierら Bioconjugate Chem.2005、16、237)
ε−L−ポリリジン、平均モル質量約4000(主に29〜34個のリジン単位からなる)を、Chisso Corp.(Japan)から25%水性溶液として購入し、凍結乾燥する。ε−ポリリジン(30mg)を水(200μl)中に溶解させ、メタノール(1ml)中DOTA 2,6−ジフルオロフェニルエステル(100mg)の溶液を添加し、100μlのN,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミンを添加し、この混合物を室温で2日間撹拌する。次いで、DOTA 2,6−ジフルオロフェニルエステル(100mg)を再度添加し、この混合物を室温で一晩撹拌する。次いで、この混合物を水で希釈し、HPLCによって分取精製する。きれいな画分を、一緒に凍結乾燥する。DOTA−ε−ポリリジン(98mg)は、無色固体物質として得られる。ε−ポリリジン1分子当たりのDOTA単位の数は、GdによるローディングとMSとにより、ε−ポリリジン1分子当たり約10のDOTA単位であると決定される;即ち、ε−ポリリジンのアミノ基の約30%が反応している。
75mgのε−L−ポリリジンおよび310mgのDTPAジフルオロフェニルエステルテトラ−t−ブチルエステルを、4mlのメタノール中に溶解させ、室温で20時間撹拌する。この反応溶液を蒸発させ、4mlのTFA+100μlの水を残渣に添加し、20時間静置する。生成物を、ジエチルエーテルを使用して沈殿させる。HPLCによる精製および凍結乾燥により、無色固体として150mgが生じる。
ペプチドy(KKEEE)3Kを、アミノ酸Fmoc−Lys(Boc)−OH、Fmoc−Glu(OtBu)−OHおよびFmoc−Tyr(tBu)−OH(Novabiochem、Merck KGaA、Darmstadt、Germany)を使用するFmoc/tBu戦略の固相合成によって、1.1の下に記載したように、ペプチド合成機において調製する。最初、このペプチドは、樹脂から切断されないが、その代わり、最終的なFmoc脱保護の後にNMP中に懸濁される(1mlのNMPを、100mgのペプチド樹脂当たり使用する)。(RS)−リポ酸(Merck KGaA、Darmstadt、Germany;その間、樹脂ローディングに基づいて4当量)を、NMP(100mg当たり1ml)中に溶解させ、HBTU(4当量)を添加し、この混合物を、室温で約10分間撹拌する。この反応混合物をペプチド樹脂に添加し、DIPEA(10当量)を添加し、この混合物を、室温で約4時間振盪する。樹脂を、NMPで5回洗浄し、DCMで5回洗浄し、減圧中で約4時間乾燥させる。リポ酸/ペプチド接合体を、TFA/チオアニソール/EDT/アニソール(90/5/3/2)を使用して室温で約1時間樹脂から切断し、冷メチルtert−ブチルエーテル中で沈殿させ、遠心分離(4000rpm、5分)によって分離し、減圧中で乾燥させ、MeCN/H2O(1:1)から凍結乾燥させ、1.1のペプチドの精製および特徴付けの下に記載したように精製する。
リジン側鎖上へのジアセチルコーヒー酸の消化性コンジュゲート化のために、アミノ酸Fmoc−Lys(Mmt)−OHを、ペプチド骨格の配列中に取り込む。切断前に、ジクロロメタン(DCM)/トリイソプロピルシラン/TFA(94:5:1)を、1.1の下で調製したペプチド樹脂に3分間添加し、この混合物を、DCMで5回洗浄する。この操作を3回繰り返す。リジンの直交性に脱保護された側鎖へのカップリングのために、4当量のジアセチルコーヒー酸を、NMP中に溶解させ、4当量の1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド(EDC)、4当量のエチルシアノ(ヒドロキシイミノ)アセテート(Oxyma Pure)および10当量のジイソプロピルエチルアミン(DIPEA)を添加し、この混合物を、室温で約10分間撹拌し、引き続いて、ペプチド樹脂に添加する。この反応混合物を、室温で約1時間振盪し、NMPで5回洗浄し、DCMで5回洗浄し、減圧中で乾燥させる。官能化ペプチドを、1.1の下に記載したように、樹脂から切断し、精製する。
N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(1.15g、10mmol)、α−リポ酸(2.02g、9.8mmol)および(1.92g、10mmol)の1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド(EDAC)を、50mlのDMF中に溶解させ、室温で約4時間撹拌する。次いで、60mlの酢酸エチルを、バッチに添加する。有機相を、60mlの蒸留水で3回洗浄し、60mlの飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム溶液で3回洗浄し、飽和塩化ナトリウム溶液で1回洗浄する。酢酸エチル相を、Na2SO4で乾燥させ、濾過し、乾燥するまで蒸発させる
収量:2.23g(73.5%)。
粗製生成物の重量:4.14g(103.25%)。
生成物重量:3.18g(77%)。
ペプチドを、Fmoc/tBu戦略を使用して、Applied Biosystems GmbH(Carlsbad、CA、USA)の合成機、モデル433Aを使用して調製する。アミノ酸の反応性側鎖を、以下のように保護する:Lys(Boc)、Glu(tBu)およびTyr(tBu)。Rapp−Polymere GmbHのRinkアミド樹脂(ローディングの度合い:0.24mmol/g)が固相として機能する。対応するアミノ酸、Fmoc−リジン(ε−リポ酸)−OH基本単位およびHBTUを、4倍過剰で使用する。使用する溶媒はNMPであり、ピペリジン(NMP中20%)を、それぞれのFmoc切断に使用する。
チロシン含有ペプチドを、クロラミン−T法によって、125ヨウ素で標識する。標識化のために、水中の1mMストック溶液を使用する。必要に応じて、DMSOを、より良い溶解度のために添加する。この目的を達成するために、20μlのリン酸塩緩衝液(0.25M、pH7.4)を、10μlのストック溶液に添加し、所望の量の放射活性ヨウ素を添加する。標識化を、5μlのクロラミン−T(H2O 1ml当たり2mg)を使用して実施する。この反応を30秒間実施し、引き続いて10μlの飽和メチオニン溶液を使用して終了させる。
2.1.臓器分布研究
薬物速度論を決定するために、例1.1からの放射活性により標識した調査すべき分子を、尾部静脈を介して雌性NMRIマウス中に注射する(動物1匹当たり約100μl)。これらの動物(1つの時点当たりn=3)を、引き続いて、対応する時点において屠殺し、解剖し、単離した臓器(肝臓、腎臓、肺、脾臓、腸、脳、心臓、血液、…)における放射活性の分布を、γカウンター(Berthold LB951G)によって定量する。注射用量(ID)に基づいて臓器/組織1グラム当たりの測定された放射活性を決定し、ID/gの%とした。
さらなる実験において、投与経路を調査する。この目的を達成するために、9匹のNMRIマウスを、3つの群に分ける。全ての動物は、体重1kg当たり、N末端において(KKEEE)3Kに結合したD−チロシンの接合体10mgを受ける。接合体の一部を、クロラミン−T法によって、D−チロシン上で131ヨウ素で標識する。標識した接合体を、群1には静脈内で、群2には皮下で、群3には腹腔内で投与する。本明細書の接合体を、100μlのPBS緩衝液中に溶解させる。次いで、それぞれの群由来の動物のSPECTスキャンを、種々の時間において実施する(40分、60分、120分および240分)。この実験シリーズの結果を図3に示す。腎臓中への活性化合物の輸送について文献中に記載されたペプチド/タンパク質の静脈内投与に加えて、ペプチドまたは本発明に従うペプチド/活性化合物接合体の皮下投与および腹腔内投与もまた、腎臓に首尾よく対処できる。
さらなる実験において、潜在的な活性化合物ジアセチルコーヒー酸(DCA)は、N末端において両方結合され、ペプチド骨格のリジン側鎖まで増加する。y(KKEEE)3KとのN末端接合体の調製を、1.3.の下に記載したのと同様に実施する;ジ接合体化分子(構造:yKKK(DCA)−EEEKKEEEKKK(DCA)EEEK)の調製を、1.4の下に記載したのと同様に実施する。この方法で得られたペプチド/活性化合物接合体を、ヨウ素−125による標識化および動物モデルマウスにおける静脈内投与の後にその腎臓選択性について調査する。
前臨床研究において、BALB/cマウスをドキソルビシンで処置する。各実験動物は、体重1kg当たり11mgの用量を受ける。コントロール群には、等張生理食塩水溶液のみを投与する。ドキソルビシンで処置した動物を、種々の群に分ける。群Bは、注射されたドキソルビシンに加えて、そのカリウム塩の形態での遊離リポ酸の注射を受ける。群Cの場合、リポ酸/ペプチド接合体LA−(KKEEE)3((Lys−Lys−Glu−Glu−Glu)3のN末端上のリポ酸)を、遊離リポ酸の代わりに注射によって投与する。
さらなる実験において、潜在的な活性化合物リポ酸を、ペプチド骨格のリジン側鎖を介して結合させる。接合体y(KKKε(リポ酸)EEE)3Kの調製を、例1.5に記載したように実施する。この方法で得られたペプチド/活性化合物接合体を、ヨウ素−125による標識化および動物モデルマウスにおける静脈内投与の後にその腎臓選択性について調査する。
Claims (13)
- 少なくとも1つの腎臓選択的担体分子と、該少なくとも1つの腎臓選択的担体分子と結合している、腎毒性活性化合物に対する腎臓の保護作用を有する少なくとも1つの活性化合物とを含む接合体であって、
前記少なくとも1つの腎臓選択的担体分子は、3〜5個の配列セクションを含むペプチドであり、
前記配列セクションが、−(KKEEE)−、−(RREEE)−、−(KKEE)−、−(KKKEEE)−および−(KKKEE)−からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つであり、
前記配列セクションの前記ペプチド全体に対する割合が50%(アミノ酸単位の数に基づく)を超え、かつ
前記ペプチド全体の少なくとも80%(アミノ酸単位の数に基づく)が、K及びE、あるいはR及びEからなる、
(但し、Eはグルタミン酸を、Kはリジンを、Rはアルギニンをそれぞれ示す)、
ことを特徴とする、接合体。 - 前記少なくとも1つの活性化合物は、前記少なくとも1つの腎臓選択的担体分子と、共有結合されている
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の接合体。 - 前記少なくとも1つの活性化合物は、前記少なくとも1つの腎臓選択的担体分子と、スペーサを介して共有結合されている
ことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の接合体。 - 前記配列セクションの3〜5個が連続している、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の接合体。 - 前記ペプチドが、(RREEE)3R、(KKEE)5K、(KKKEE)3K、(KKKEEE)3Kおよび(KKEEE)3Kを含む群から選択される
ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の接合体。 - 前記ペプチドの全体は、40アミノ酸単位までの鎖長を有する、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の接合体。 - 少なくとも1つの活性化合物が、抗酸化剤、アポトーシスインヒビター、細胞周期に対する影響を有する活性化合物、細胞の修復機構を活性化する活性化合物、受容体インヒビターおよびそれらの組み合わせから選択される
ことを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の接合体。 - 少なくとも1つの活性化合物が、抗酸化剤および/またはアポトーシスインヒビターである
ことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の接合体。 - 前記活性化合物が、リポ酸、レスベラトロール、コーヒー酸、ルテオリン、ケルセチン、ルチン、シアニジン、キサントフモール、アスコルビン酸、ニコチン酸、アミホスチン、アリイン、チオール類、トコフェロール類、カロテノイド類、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)、ピフィスリン−μ、ピフィスリン−α、MDL 28170およびNS3694からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つである、
ことを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の接合体。 - 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の接合体の調製のためのプロセスであって、
腎毒性活性化合物に対する腎臓の保護作用を有する、少なくとも一つの活性化合物が、少なくとも一つの腎臓選択的担体分子にコンジュゲート化される
ことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 腎毒性活性化合物に対する腎臓の保護のための医薬用としての、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の接合体。
- 腎毒性活性化合物に対する腎臓の保護のための医薬の調製における、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の接合体の、腎毒性活性化合物に対する腎臓の保護のための有効成分としての使用。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の接合体の少なくとも1つを、腎毒性活性化合物に対する腎臓の保護のための有効成分として含む医薬。
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