JP6500422B2 - Exhaust gas purification device - Google Patents

Exhaust gas purification device Download PDF

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JP6500422B2
JP6500422B2 JP2014255124A JP2014255124A JP6500422B2 JP 6500422 B2 JP6500422 B2 JP 6500422B2 JP 2014255124 A JP2014255124 A JP 2014255124A JP 2014255124 A JP2014255124 A JP 2014255124A JP 6500422 B2 JP6500422 B2 JP 6500422B2
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exhaust gas
reduction catalyst
gas purification
catalyst
selective reduction
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JP2016114011A (en
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幸博 川島
幸博 川島
嘉久 植田
嘉久 植田
祥平 小椋
祥平 小椋
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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Description

本発明は排ガス浄化装置に関し、更に詳しくは、酸化触媒、ＰＭ捕集フィルター及び選択還元型触媒を備えるとともに、ディーゼルエンジンに対する近接配置を可能にした排ガス浄化装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification apparatus, and more particularly, to an exhaust gas purification apparatus that includes an oxidation catalyst, a PM collection filter, and a selective reduction catalyst, and enables close arrangement to a diesel engine.

大型車のディーゼルエンジンに係るポスト新長期規制（ＰＮＬＴ）を達成するために、酸化触媒（ＤＯＣ）、酸化機能を有するＰＭ捕集フィルター（ＣＳＦ）、選択還元型触媒（ＳＣＲ）及びアンモニアスリップＤＯＣを備えた排ガス浄化装置が採用されている（例えば、特許文献１を参照）。しかし、次期ＰＮＬＴやＥｕｒｏ６排出ガス規制では、排ガス規制が強化されるとともに、重量車排出ガス試験法（ＷＨＤＣ）が採用されるため、排ガス浄化装置の更なる改良が必要となっている。   Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), PM Collection Filter with Oxidation Function (CSF), Selective Reduction Catalyst (SCR) and Ammonia Slip DOC to achieve post new long-term regulation (PNLT) for diesel engine of large vehicle An exhaust gas purification device provided is adopted (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, in the next PNLT and Euro 6 exhaust gas regulations, the exhaust gas regulations will be tightened, and the Heavy Duty Vehicle Exhaust Gas Test Method (WHDC) will be adopted, so further improvement of the exhaust gas purification system is required.

小型車のディーゼルエンジンでは、排ガス浄化装置をエンジンに近接させることで、触媒反応温度のより高い条件での排ガスの浄化が可能である。これに対して大型車では、前輪が２軸であるなどのレイアウトの制約があるので、排ガス浄化装置をエンジンに近接させることは困難であった。そのため、排ガス浄化装置の各触媒を大型化せざるを得ず、製造コストの増加を招いてしまうという問題があった。   With a diesel engine of a small car, by bringing the exhaust gas purification device close to the engine, it is possible to purify the exhaust gas under conditions of higher catalytic reaction temperature. On the other hand, in the case of a large vehicle, it is difficult to bring the exhaust gas purification device close to the engine, since there are layout restrictions such as two front wheels. Therefore, the size of each catalyst of the exhaust gas purification device has to be increased, and there is a problem that the manufacturing cost is increased.

特開２０１４−００５７３５号公報JP, 2014-005735, A

本発明の目的は、酸化触媒、ＰＭ捕集フィルター及び選択還元型触媒を備えるとともに、ディーゼルエンジンに近接して配置することを可能にした排ガス浄化装置を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purification apparatus which is provided with an oxidation catalyst, a PM collection filter and a selective reduction catalyst and can be disposed close to a diesel engine.

上記の目的を達成する本発明の排ガス浄化装置は、ディーゼルエンジンの排ガスが流れる排気通路に介設された排ガス浄化装置であって、前記排気通路に、格納容器及びケーシングを上流側から順に介設し、前記格納容器内に、第１酸化触媒又はＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒と、選択還元型触媒が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタとを、上流側から順に離間して配設するとともに、前記第１酸化触媒又はＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒の出口と前記選択還元型触媒が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタの入口とを接続する排ガスの流路に尿素水インジェクタを設置し、前記ケーシング内に、選択還元型触媒及び第２酸化触媒を上流側から順に配置し、前記第１酸化触媒又はＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒、前記排ガスの流路、及び前記選択還元型触媒が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタと、前記格納容器の内壁面と、の間に形成される空間に前記選択還元型触媒が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタの出口を面する構成としたことを特徴とするものである。 An exhaust gas purification apparatus according to the present invention for achieving the above object is an exhaust gas purification apparatus interposed in an exhaust passage through which exhaust gas of a diesel engine flows, and a containment vessel and a casing are sequentially provided from the upstream side in the exhaust passage. The first oxidation catalyst or the NOx storage reduction catalyst and the PM collection filter to which the selective reduction catalyst is applied are arranged in order from the upstream side in the storage container, and the first oxidation A urea water injector is installed in the flow path of the exhaust gas connecting the outlet of the catalyst or NOx storage reduction catalyst and the inlet of the PM collection filter to which the selective reduction catalyst is applied, and the selective reduction catalyst in the casing a second oxidation catalyst disposed in order from the upstream side, a first oxidation catalyst or NOx occlusion reduction catalyst, the flow path of the exhaust gas, and the PM collection filter to the selective reduction catalyst has been applied Is characterized in that it has a configuration facing the inner wall surface of the containment vessel, the outlet of the PM collection filter to the selective reduction catalyst has been applied to the space formed between the.

本発明の排ガス浄化装置によれば、従来の排ガス浄化装置におけるＤＯＣ、ＣＳＦ及びＳＣＲによる浄化機能を、格納容器内にコンパクトに集約できるので、排ガス浄化装置を小型化してディーゼルエンジンに近接して配置することができる。   According to the exhaust gas purification apparatus of the present invention, since the purification functions by DOC, CSF and SCR in the conventional exhaust gas purification apparatus can be compactly integrated in the containment vessel, the exhaust gas purification apparatus can be miniaturized and disposed close to the diesel engine. can do.

本発明の実施形態からなる排ガス浄化装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which consists of embodiment of this invention. 排ガスの撹拌手段の例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the example of the stirring means of waste gas. 排ガスの撹拌手段の他の例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the other example of the stirring means of waste gas.

以下に、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照して説明する。図１は、本発明の実施形態からなる排ガス浄化装置を示す。なお、図中の矢印は、気体の流れる方向を示す。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an exhaust gas purification apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the arrow in a figure shows the flow direction of gas.

この排ガス浄化装置は、車両に搭載されたディーゼルエンジン（図示せず）の排ガスＧが流れる排気通路１に、上流側から順に介設された箱形の格納容器２及び円筒形のケーシング３とを備えている。なお、排ガス浄化装置は、ターボチャージャー４の下流側に介設されている。   This exhaust gas purification apparatus includes a box-shaped containment vessel 2 and a cylindrical casing 3 sequentially interposed from the upstream side in an exhaust passage 1 through which exhaust gas G of a diesel engine (not shown) mounted on a vehicle flows. Have. The exhaust gas purification device is interposed downstream of the turbocharger 4.

格納容器２は断熱材５に覆われており、その内部には、第１酸化触媒（第１ＤＯＣ）６と、選択還元型触媒である物質が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタ（以下、「ＳＣＲフィルタ」という。）７とが、上流側から順に離間して配設されている。具体的には、第１ＤＯＣ６とＳＣＲフィルタ７とは、平行に又はＬ字に配置されるとともに、接続通路８により接続されている。   The storage container 2 is covered with a heat insulating material 5, and inside thereof, a first oxidation catalyst (first DOC) 6 and a PM collection filter coated with a substance which is a selective reduction type catalyst (hereinafter referred to as "SCR filter" 7) are arranged separately from the upstream side in order. Specifically, the first DOC 6 and the SCR filter 7 are disposed in parallel or in an L shape, and are connected by the connection passage 8.

また、格納容器２の出口の向きは、ＳＣＲフィルタ７の出口の向きと逆方向になっている。更に、格納容器２には、接続通路８内に尿素水を供給する尿素水インジェクタ９が設置されている。   Further, the direction of the outlet of the storage container 2 is opposite to the direction of the outlet of the SCR filter 7. Furthermore, a urea water injector 9 for supplying urea water into the connection passage 8 is installed in the storage container 2.

ケーシング３内には、選択還元型触媒（ＳＣＲ）１０及び第２酸化触媒（第２ＤＯＣ）１１が、上流側から順に直列に配置されている。   In the casing 3, a selective reduction catalyst (SCR) 10 and a second oxidation catalyst (second DOC) 11 are arranged in series in order from the upstream side.

上記の第１ＤＯＣ６及び第２ＤＯＣ１１は、排ガスＧの混合機能を有する構造に成形した金属製の担持体に、ロジウム、酸化セリウム、白金、酸化アルミニウム等を担持して形成される。ＳＣＲフィルタ７は、多孔質セラミック製のハニカムのチャンネル（セル）の入口と出口を交互に目封じしたモノリスハニカム型のウオールフローフィルタに、ゼオライト触媒などを塗布して形成される。ＳＣＲ１０は、コージェライトや酸化アルミニウムや酸化チタン等で形成されるハニカム構造等の担体に、ゼオライト触媒などを担持して形成される。 The first DOC 6 and the second DOC 11 are formed by supporting rhodium, cerium oxide, platinum, aluminum oxide or the like on a metal support formed into a structure having a mixed function of the exhaust gas G. The SCR filter 7 is formed by applying a zeolite catalyst or the like to a monolith honeycomb type wall flow filter in which the inlet and the outlet of a porous ceramic honeycomb channel (cell) are alternately sealed. The SCR 10 is formed by supporting a zeolite catalyst or the like on a carrier having a honeycomb structure or the like formed of cordierite, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide or the like.

この排ガス浄化装置においては、ターボチャージャー４から排気通路１を通じて格納容器２内に流入した排ガスＧは、第１ＤＯＣ６において一酸化炭素（ＣＯ）、炭化水素（ＨＣ）及び粒子状物質（ＰＭ）に含まれる未燃焼物質（ＳＯＦ）が酸化除去された後に、尿素水インジェクタ９から噴射された尿素水が加水分解して生成したアンモニア（ＮＨ3）とともにＳＣＲフィルタ７へ流入する。そして、ＳＣＲフィルタ７においてＮＨ3による還元反応によりＮＯｘが浄化されるとともにＰＭが除去された後に格納容器２から放出される。 In this exhaust gas purification apparatus, the exhaust gas G which has flowed from the turbocharger 4 into the storage container 2 through the exhaust passage 1 is contained in carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) in the first DOC 6 After the unburned matter (SOF) to be removed is oxidized and removed, the urea water injected from the urea water injector 9 flows into the SCR filter 7 together with the ammonia (NH 3 ) generated by hydrolysis. Then, NOx is purified by the reduction reaction with NH 3 in the SCR filter 7 and the PM is removed and then released from the storage container 2.

ディーゼルエンジンが、エンジン回転数が高くかつ高負荷となる運転領域にあるときは、格納容器２から放出された排ガスＧ中にＮＯｘが残存するおそれがあるが、その残存するＮＯｘは、ＳＣＲ１０においてＮＨ3による還元反応により浄化される。なお、還元反応において消費されなかったＮＨ3は、第２ＤＯＣ１１において酸化・分解される。 When the diesel engine is in the operating range where the engine speed is high and the load is high, there is a possibility that NOx will remain in the exhaust gas G released from the containment vessel 2, but the remaining NOx is NH in SCR 10 It is purified by the reduction reaction by 3 . Note that NH 3 not consumed in the reduction reaction is oxidized and decomposed in the second DOC 11.

このように排ガス浄化装置を構成することで、従来の排ガス浄化装置におけるＤＯＣ、ＣＳＦ及びＳＣＲによる浄化機能を、格納容器２内にコンパクトに集約できるので、排ガス浄化装置を小型化してディーゼルエンジンに近接して配置することができるのである。   By thus configuring the exhaust gas purification apparatus, the purification functions by DOC, CSF and SCR in the conventional exhaust gas purification apparatus can be compactly integrated in the containment vessel 2, so the exhaust gas purification apparatus can be miniaturized and be close to a diesel engine. Can be arranged.

また、選択還元型触媒である物質の総容量の削減が可能となるため、排ガス浄化装置の製造コストを低減することができる。   In addition, since the total volume of the substance that is the selective reduction catalyst can be reduced, the manufacturing cost of the exhaust gas purification apparatus can be reduced.

更には、ＳＣＲフィルタ７から排出された排ガスＧの一部が、断熱材５に覆われている格納容器２の内壁面１２と接続通路８との間に滞留して、自身の有する熱（廃熱）により第１ＤＯＣ６及びＳＣＲフィルタ７を加温するので、触媒反応温度を高温に維持して浄化性能を向上することができる。 Furthermore, a part of the exhaust gas G discharged from the SCR filter 7 stays between the connection wall 8 and the inner wall surface 12 of the storage container 2 covered with the heat Since the first DOC 6 and the SCR filter 7 are heated by heat), the catalytic reaction temperature can be maintained at a high temperature to improve the purification performance.

上記の排ガス浄化装置においては、第１ＤＯＣ６とＳＣＲフィルタ７との間の接続通路８内であって尿素水インジェクタ９の下流側に、排ガスＧの攪拌手段１３を設置することが望ましい。この攪拌手段１３としては、金属プレート１４に切り込み１５を互い違いに入れて軸方向へ折り曲げたミキサー板１６（図２を参照）や、金属プレート１４に適当な間隔で貫通孔１７を形成したバッフル板１８（図３を参照）などが好ましく例示される。 In the above exhaust gas purification apparatus, it is desirable to install the stirring means 13 for the exhaust gas G in the connection passage 8 between the first DOC 6 and the SCR filter 7 and downstream of the urea water injector 9. As the stirring means 13, a mixer plate 16 (see FIG. 2) in which the slits 15 are alternately inserted in the metal plate 14 and bent in the axial direction, or a baffle plate in which the through holes 17 are formed at appropriate intervals in the metal plate 14 18 (see FIG. 3) and the like are preferably exemplified.

このように撹拌手段１３を設置することで、尿素水インジェクタ９から噴射された尿素水を高温の排ガスＧと撹拌させて十分に気化させることができる。   By installing the stirring means 13 in this way, the urea water injected from the urea water injector 9 can be stirred with the high temperature exhaust gas G to be sufficiently vaporized.

また、上記の排ガス浄化装置においては、格納容器２内の第１ＤＯＣ６をＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒（ＬＮＴ）に置き換えるようにしても良い。そのようにすることで、ディーゼルエンジンが、排ガスＧの温度が低くかつ高負荷となる運転領域において、車両からのＮＯｘの排出を効果的に低減することができる。   In the above-described exhaust gas purification apparatus, the first DOC 6 in the storage container 2 may be replaced with a NOx storage reduction catalyst (LNT). By doing so, the diesel engine can effectively reduce the emission of NOx from the vehicle in the operating region where the temperature of the exhaust gas G is low and the load is high.

１ 排気通路
２ 格納容器
３ ケーシング
６ 第１ＤＯＣ
７ ＳＣＲフィルタ
８ 接続通路
９ 尿素水インジェクタ
１０ ＳＣＲ
１１ 第２ＤＯＣ
１３ 撹拌手段 1 exhaust passage 2 containment 3 casing 6 first DOC
7 SCR filter 8 connection passage 9 urea water injector 10 SCR
11 Second DOC
13 Stirring means

Claims (4)

ディーゼルエンジンの排ガスが流れる排気通路に介設された排ガス浄化装置であって、
前記排気通路に、格納容器及びケーシングを上流側から順に介設し、
前記格納容器内に、第１酸化触媒又はＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒と、選択還元型触媒が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタとを、上流側から順に離間して配設するとともに、前記第１酸化触媒又はＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒の出口と前記選択還元型触媒が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタの入口とを接続する排ガスの流路に尿素水インジェクタを設置し、
前記ケーシング内に、選択還元型触媒及び第２酸化触媒を上流側から順に配置し、
前記第１酸化触媒又はＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒、前記排ガスの流路、及び前記選択還元型触媒が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタと、前記格納容器の内壁面と、の間に形成される空間に前記選択還元型触媒が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタの出口を面する構成としたことを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置。 An exhaust gas purification apparatus interposed in an exhaust passage through which exhaust gas of a diesel engine flows,
In the exhaust passage, a containment vessel and a casing are sequentially interposed from the upstream side,
The first oxidation catalyst or the NOx storage reduction catalyst and the PM collection filter to which the selective reduction catalyst is applied are arranged in order from the upstream side in the storage container, and the first oxidation catalyst or Install a urea water injector in the exhaust gas flow path connecting the outlet of the NOx storage reduction catalyst and the inlet of the PM collection filter on which the selective reduction catalyst is applied,
In the casing, the selective reduction catalyst and the second oxidation catalyst are arranged in order from the upstream side ,
In the space formed between the first oxidation catalyst or NOx storage reduction catalyst, the flow path of the exhaust gas, the PM collection filter on which the selective reduction catalyst is applied, and the inner wall surface of the storage container An exhaust gas purification apparatus characterized in that the outlet of a PM collection filter coated with a selective reduction catalyst is faced . 前記第１酸化触媒又はＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒と、前記選択還元型触媒が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタとを平行に、又はＬ字に配置した請求項１に記載の排ガス浄化装置。   The exhaust gas purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first oxidation catalyst or the NOx storage reduction catalyst and the PM collection filter to which the selective reduction catalyst is applied are arranged in parallel or in an L shape. 前記第１酸化触媒又はＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒と、前記選択還元型触媒が塗布されたＰＭ捕集フィルタとの間の前記排ガスの流路に、排ガスの攪拌手段を設置した請求項１又は２に記載の排ガス浄化装置。 The exhaust gas stirring means is installed in the flow path of the exhaust gas between the first oxidation catalyst or the NOx storage reduction catalyst and the PM collection filter on which the selective reduction catalyst is applied. Exhaust gas purification equipment. 前記ディーゼルエンジンが、前記排気通路にタービンが介設されたターボチャージャーを備えるとともに、前記格納容器を前記タービンの下流側の前記排気通路に介設した請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の排ガス浄化装置。   The diesel engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the diesel engine includes a turbocharger in which a turbine is interposed in the exhaust passage, and the containment vessel is interposed in the exhaust passage downstream of the turbine. Exhaust gas purification equipment.
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