JP6499645B2 - 血液及び他の流体を浄化するためのレドックス制御電気収着及び分解装置 - Google Patents
血液及び他の流体を浄化するためのレドックス制御電気収着及び分解装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
i)筐体であって、透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液を該筐体内に導入するための入口と、浄化された透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液及び過剰液を前記筐体から除去するための出口と、前記入口を前記出口に接続する導管とを有する、筐体と、
ii)毒素、毒性溶質、毒性の小型及び中型分子並びにタンパク質結合毒素を前記透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液から除去するための電極触媒分解(electrocatalytic decomposition)フィルターであって、該電極触媒分解フィルターは、前記透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液が前記入口から前記出口に流れる際に前記電極触媒分解フィルターを必ず通過するように前記導管内に含まれ、前記電極触媒分解フィルターは、
a)電気酸化により毒素を分解及び気化するための電極触媒面を有する一組の電極、又は
b)電極触媒材料でコーティングされている多孔質材料と直接接触する一組の電極、
c)前記電極触媒面を活性化するために前記電極に電荷を与える電源、
d)毒素の再吸収及び放出を考慮して前記電極上の電荷を制御及び切り替るとともに前記電極上に堆積物が蓄積するのを防止する電子手段、
を含む、電極触媒分解フィルターと、
iii)前記透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液から毒素、毒性溶質、毒性の小型及び中型分子並びにタンパク質結合毒素を除去するための電気収着フィルターであって、該電気収着フィルターは、前記透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液が前記入口から前記出口に流れる際に前記電気収着フィルターを必ず通過するように前記導管内に含まれ、前記電気収着フィルターは、
a)ナノ構造化収着材料(sorption material)、
b)前記収着材料でコーティングされているか又は電気的に接触する一組の電極、
c)前記電極に電荷を与えるとともに前記収着材料に電場強度を生成する電源、
d)浄化された液の品質をモニタリングするためのセンサーユニット及び浄化された液の品質を補正及び調整する制御システム、
を含む、電気収着フィルターと、を含む。
本発明は、患者の血液等の生体液から毒物を除去するためのスタンドアロン装置と、移動中でも継続的に血液浄化を可能にする装着型ユニットの形で本発明の装置を用いて血液から毒物を除去する方法とに関する。本発明は、他の流体、例えば排水、プロセス化学物質、及び尿、透析液、乳、生化学分析及び処理流体から物質を除去することにも適用可能である。浄化された流体の生体適合性を確かなものにするとともに酸化ストレスを防止するために特定の措置が取られている。リバースモードでは、本発明のシステムは、制御された方法で成分を放出するのに使用できる。
本発明の装置は電気収着及び分解フィルターパッケージの形を取り得る。電気収着及び分解フィルターパッケージは血液透析又は腹膜透析システムの透析液システム内に配置され、透析液から毒素を除去することを可能にする。前記電気収着及び分解フィルターは、連続的に透析液を浄化し、透析液中の毒素濃度を低く維持し、その結果、血液透析及び腹膜透析の効率が、通常は100%改善し、必要な透析液の消費を劇的に低減、理想的には0.1〜1リットルに低減する。収着フィルターの追加の及び任意の機能は、カルシウム、ビタミンA、C及びB12、抗凝固剤、抗菌剤、ミネラル、特定の薬物といった血液を補完するための成分を放出することである。この選択肢は、既存の血液透析システム及び腹膜透析システムの操作を簡略化し、腹膜透析システムにおける感染発生の可能性を低減させる。成分、補助剤又は薬剤の注入も、レドックス状態制御システムの一部である注入器システムにより実現できる。
クロラミンは電極触媒分解に起因する副産物として生成される。尿素及び有機毒素に隣接して塩化物イオンも存在する溶液においては、電極触媒分解が塩化物イオンにも作用するため、下記の反応に従って塩素(Cl2)及び次亜塩素酸塩(HOCL)の形成並びに酸化をもたらす。
2Cl->Cl2+2e
Cl2+H2O>HOCl+HC1
NH3+HOCl→NH2Cl+H2O
C5H5O5CH2OH+NH2Cl>C5H3O5CH2OH+NH3+HCl
実施例1:血液透析の性能
図2に図示のプロトタイプを作成した。このセットアップは、透析治療のために120ml/分で高フラックスフィルターを通過する1.5Lの動物血液を用いた動的試験で検証された。透析液回路は100mlの透析液を含んでいた。電気収着及び分解ユニットには、110gのイオン交換樹脂(ps-pvb)、50gのナノ構造FeOOH収着剤及び50gの活性炭素が充填されていた。尿素及び関連する毒素を分解するために電極対当たり3.6Vでグラファイト電極を用いた。前電極表面積は、585cm2であった。透析液の流速は45ml/分に設定された。動物血液中の濃度を1時間毎に測定した。代表的な(representative)毒素のレベルを維持するために、1時間毎に新たな毒素(尿素10mmol、カリウム1.5mmol、リン酸塩0.75mmol、クレアチニン0.5mmol)を血液に混入した。濃度プロファイルを図3〜図6に示す。
実施例1で説明したプロトタイプを用いて酸化ストレスの防止の実証も行った。2つの酸化ストレステストを行った。
Claims (12)
- 患者の透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液から毒物を除去するための装置であって、当該装置は、
i)筐体であって、前記透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液を該筐体内に導入するための入口と、浄化された透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液及び過剰液を前記筐体から除去するための出口と、前記入口を前記出口に接続する導管とを有する、筐体と、
ii)毒素、毒性溶質、毒性の小型分子及び毒性の中型分子並びにタンパク質結合毒素を前記透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液から除去するための電極触媒分解フィルターであって、該電極触媒分解フィルターは、前記透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液が前記入口から前記出口に流れる際に前記電極触媒分解フィルターを必ず通過するように前記導管内に含まれ、前記電極触媒分解フィルターは、
a)電気酸化により毒素を分解及び気化するための電極触媒面を有する一組の電極又はb)電極触媒材料でコーティングされている多孔質材料と直接接触する一組の電極と、
c)前記電極触媒面又は前記電極触媒材料を活性化するために前記電極に電荷を与える電源と、
d)毒素の再吸収及び放出を考慮して前記電極上の電荷を制御及び切り替るとともに前記電極上に堆積物が蓄積するのを防止する電子手段と、
を含む、電極触媒分解フィルターと、
iii)前記透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液から毒素、毒性溶質、毒性の小型分子及び毒性の中型分子並びにタンパク質結合毒素を除去するための電気収着フィルターであって、該電気収着フィルターは、前記透析液、血液、血漿又は限外濾過液が前記入口から前記出口に流れる際に前記電気収着フィルターを必ず通過するように前記導管内に含まれ、前記電気収着フィルターは、
a)ナノ構造化収着材料と、
b)前記ナノ構造化収着材料でコーティングされているか又は電気的に接触する一組の電極と、
c)前記電極に電荷を与えるとともに前記ナノ構造化収着材料に電場強度を生成する電源と、
d)浄化された液の品質をモニタリングするためのセンサーユニット及び浄化された液の品質を補正及び調整する制御システムと、
を含む、電気収着フィルターと、
を含み、
前記センサーユニットは前記浄化された液のレドックス状態をモニタリングするように構成され、前記制御システムは酸化ストレスを防止するために電極触媒分解の強度及び還元剤の注入を制御するように構成され、前記電極触媒分解フィルターの電極は炭素質材料でできており、
前記毒性の小型分子は分子量が500Da未満の分子であり、前記毒性の中型分子は分子量が500Da〜5000Daの分子である、装置。 - 前記電気収着フィルター及び電極触媒分解フィルターは1つのフィルター区画内に統合されて電極触媒分解電気収着フィルターを形成し、前記ナノ構造化収着材料が前記電極触媒分解電気収着フィルターの電極間に含まれる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記電極触媒分解電気収着フィルターは、前記ナノ構造化収着材料でコーティングされた前記電極又は前記ナノ構造化収着材料を含む多孔性容器で囲まれた前記電極を含むカートリッジの形で設けられる、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記電極触媒分解電気収着フィルターは透過性容器と組み合わされて、フィルターパッド内容物を囲む容器を含むフィルターパッドを形成し、前記フィルターパッドの容器は透過性膜を含み、前記フィルターパッドの内容物は前記ナノ構造化収着材料を含む、請求項2又は3に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、患者の血液細胞から血漿を分離するための血漿フィルターをさらに含む、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、患者の血液細胞から患者の限外濾過液を分離するための又は透析設定において血液と透析液とで毒素の交換を可能にする血液フィルターをさらに含む、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、毒素、前記毒性の小型分子及び前記毒性の中型分子を前記患者の血漿から除去するための追加の電気収着フィルターをさらに含む、請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記血漿フィルター及び前記電気収着フィルターは組み合わされて前記フィルターパッドを形成し、前記透過性膜は前記血漿フィルターによって形成される、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記血液フィルター及び前記電気収着フィルターは組み合わされて前記フィルターパッドを形成し、前記透過性膜は前記血液フィルターによって形成される、請求項6に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、ビタミン、ミネラル、抗凝固剤、殺菌剤及び他の薬物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの物質で前記透析液及び/又は前記血漿を補うための手段を含む、請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記装置はイオン交換システムをさらに含む、請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
- 前記ナノ構造化収着材料は、再生液と前記電極に対する逆電圧モードとの組み合わせを用いて再生され、任意で、毒素、不要な堆積物を反発及び放出させるとともに前記ナノ構造化収着材料を再生するために、前記センサーユニットの測定値に応じて前記電極触媒分解フィルターの電源の電圧が電気的に調整され及び/又は逆の値に反転される、請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
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EP3272375A1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Apparatus and method for generating dialysate for dialysis |
CN106145276B (zh) * | 2016-08-01 | 2019-07-16 | 绍兴文理学院 | 一种用于废水处理的氧化物涂层电极的制备方法 |
DE102016124626A1 (de) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-21 | B. Braun Avitum Ag | Verfahren zur Nach- und Vorbereitung von Therapieabläufen an einer Vorrichtung zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung mit kombinierter Desinfektion und Entkalkung mit saurem Konzentrat |
DE102016125818A1 (de) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-06-28 | I3 Membrane Gmbh | Verfahren zur Separation von geladenen biologisch aktiven Substanzen aus Flüssigkeiten und deren Wiedergewinnung |
EP3766529A4 (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2022-03-23 | Beacon Medcare (HK) Limited | COMPOSITION FOR PURIFICATION OF BIOFLUIDS |
KR102565569B1 (ko) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-08-09 | 아사히 가세이 메디컬 가부시키가이샤 | 혈액 정화기 및 그 제법 |
US10894118B2 (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2021-01-19 | University Of Washington | Apparatus and method for urea photo-oxidation |
TWI703323B (zh) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-09-01 | 及安生物科技股份有限公司 | 於單一檢測試片同步偵測葡萄糖濃度和糖化血色素百分比的方法 |
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TWI706798B (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-10-11 | 國立交通大學 | 一種用於治療阿茲海默症之電極 |
CN110591103B (zh) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-05-28 | 安徽建筑大学 | 一种ZIFs负载β-FeOOH纳米棒杂化物及其制备方法 |
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