JP6499429B2 - Agricultural coating sheet and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Agricultural coating sheet and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP6499429B2 JP6499429B2 JP2014243666A JP2014243666A JP6499429B2 JP 6499429 B2 JP6499429 B2 JP 6499429B2 JP 2014243666 A JP2014243666 A JP 2014243666A JP 2014243666 A JP2014243666 A JP 2014243666A JP 6499429 B2 JP6499429 B2 JP 6499429B2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 128
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012773 agricultural material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、農業用被覆シート及びその製造方法に関し、より詳しくは、ポリエチレン製の網状不織布層と細繊度の短繊維不織布層とポリエチレン製の網状不織布層の３層構造の農業用被覆シートであって、良好な寸法安定性、保温効果、防虫効果および除湿性を有し、べたがけ資材や、トンネル被覆、内張りカーテンなどに好適に用いられる農業用被覆資材である農業用被覆シート及びその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an agricultural covering sheet and a method for producing the same, and more specifically, is an agricultural covering sheet having a three-layer structure including a polyethylene reticulated nonwoven fabric layer, a fine fiber short-fiber nonwoven fabric layer, and a polyethylene reticulated nonwoven fabric layer. Agricultural covering sheet which is an agricultural covering material having good dimensional stability, heat retention effect, insect repellent effect and dehumidifying property, and suitable for use in bedding materials, tunnel coverings, lining curtains and the like, and a method for producing the same About.
従来、作物の保温、防霜、防虫などの目的で農業用被覆資材が用いられている。そして、この被覆資材として、スパンボンド不織布などの長繊維不織布、割繊維不織布、寒冷紗およびネット類（例えば、防風ネットなど）が有効であることが知られている（例えば、特許文献１、２参照。）。 Conventionally, agricultural covering materials have been used for the purpose of keeping the crop warm, preventing frost and insects. And as this covering material, it is known that long fiber nonwoven fabrics such as spunbond nonwoven fabrics, split fiber nonwoven fabrics, cold water bottles and nets (for example, windproof nets) are effective (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2). .)
上記特許文献１には、エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体（ＥＶＯＨ）製の割繊維ウェブシート２枚が、あるいはポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）製の割繊維ウェブシートとＥＶＯＨ製の割繊維ウェブシートとが、接着剤層を介して、縦、横に直交積層されてなる２層積層構造の割繊維不織布からなり、ハンドリング性及び耐湿性に良好な農業用被覆材が開示されている。
しかしながら、上記農業用被覆材は、２層積層ウェブをＰＶＡ樹脂系の接着剤で積層することにより、除湿性と寸法安定性は向上しているが、割繊維ウェブシートの繊度が太いため、防虫効果が期待できず、保温性についても、考慮されていない。
また、特許文献２には、オレフィン系樹脂とエステル系樹脂の２成分系芯鞘中空複合断面の太繊度糸条により構成された長繊維不織布であって、軽量性、機械的性能、通気性、透光性、品位および単位目付あたりの剛性に優れたべたがけ用不織布が開示されている。
しかしながら、上記べたがけ用不織布は、割繊維不織布に比べて、基布強度が弱く、また、太繊度で構成されている製品のため、防虫効果、寸法安定性、除湿性及び保温性については、考慮されていない。
Patent Document 1 includes two split fiber web sheets made of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), or split fiber web sheets made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and split fiber web sheets made of EVOH, An agricultural covering material is disclosed which is composed of a split fiber nonwoven fabric having a two-layer laminated structure in which layers are orthogonally stacked vertically and horizontally through an adhesive layer, and has good handling properties and moisture resistance.
However, although the above-mentioned agricultural covering material has improved dehumidification and dimensional stability by laminating a two-layer laminated web with a PVA resin adhesive, the fineness of the split fiber web sheet is large. The effect cannot be expected, and the heat retention is not considered.
Patent Document 2 discloses a long-fiber nonwoven fabric composed of two-component core-sheath hollow composite cross-sections of an olefin resin and an ester resin, which are lightweight, mechanical performance, breathability, A non-woven fabric for bedding excellent in translucency, quality and rigidity per unit basis weight is disclosed.
However, the non-woven fabric for bedding is weaker than the split fiber non-woven fabric, and because it is a product composed of thick fineness, the insect-proofing effect, dimensional stability, dehumidification and heat retention are as follows: Not considered.
本発明の目的は、上記従来技術の問題点に鑑み、良好な寸法安定性、保温効果、防虫効果および除湿性を有し、べたがけ資材や、トンネル被覆、内張りカーテンなどに好適に用いられる農業用被覆資材である農業用被覆シート及びその製造方法を提供することにある。 In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to have good dimensional stability, heat retention effect, insect repellent effect, and dehumidifying property, and is suitably used for bedding materials, tunnel coverings, lining curtains, etc. It is providing the agricultural covering sheet which is a covering material, and its manufacturing method.
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決するため、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、前記の課題を解決する手段として、引張強度に優れ、吸湿しても寸法変化が少ない網状不織布（Ａ）と、除湿、防虫及び保温効果が期待できる細繊度の短繊維不織布（Ｂ）とを、組み合わせたＡ／Ｂ／Ａの３層構造からなる農業用被覆シートにより、上記課題が解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors, as a means for solving the above problems, have a tensile strength and have a small dimensional change even when moisture is absorbed. The present invention has found that the above problems can be solved by an agricultural covering sheet having a three-layer structure of A / B / A in combination with a short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) having a fineness that can be expected to have an insect repellent and heat retention effect. It came to be completed.
すなわち、本発明の第１の発明によれば、ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）と、繊度が１．７〜３．３ｄｔｅｘの熱接着性短繊維（ａ）１０〜７０重量％と繊度が１．７〜３．３ｄｔｅｘの吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）３０〜９０重量％からなる短繊維不織布（Ｂ）と、ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）が積層されてなるＡ／Ｂ／Ａの３層構造の不織布からなる農業用被覆シートであって、
網状不織布（Ａ）層の目付が１０〜２５ｇ／ｍ２で、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）層の目付が５〜３０ｇ／ｍ２であり、かつＡ／Ｂ／Ａの３層が熱接着により一体化されてなることを特徴とする農業用被覆シートが提供される。
That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the polyethylene-made reticulated nonwoven fabric (A), the heat-adhesive short fibers (a) having a fineness of 1.7 to 3.3 dtex and 10 to 70% by weight and the fineness of 1 are used. A / B / A formed by laminating a short fiber non-woven fabric (B) comprising 30 to 90% by weight of a short fiber (b) having a hygroscopicity of 0.7 to 3.3 dtex and a net-like non-woven fabric (A) made of polyethylene. An agricultural covering sheet made of a three-layer nonwoven fabric,
The basis weight of the reticulated nonwoven fabric (A) layer is 10 to 25 g / m 2 , the basis weight of the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) layer is 5 to 30 g / m 2 , and three layers of A / B / A are integrated by thermal bonding An agricultural covering sheet characterized by being formed is provided.
また、本発明の第２の発明によれば、第１の発明に係る農業用被覆シートの製造方法であって、
次の工程（Ｉ）及び（ＩＩ）を含み、該工程（Ｉ）、（ＩＩ）が連続して実施されることを特徴とする農業用被覆シートの製造方法が提供される。
工程（Ｉ）：熱接着性短繊維（ａ）と吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）を混綿し、カード紡出機によって、ウェブ紡出を行い、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）をシート化する工程。
工程（ＩＩ）：ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）と、工程（Ｉ）で得られた短繊維不織布（Ｂ）と、ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）とを、Ａ／Ｂ／Ａの３層に積層して、熱プレスによる加熱圧着にて、強固に一体化する工程。
Moreover, according to 2nd invention of this invention, it is a manufacturing method of the covering sheet | seat for agriculture which concerns on 1st invention,
The following method (I) and (II) is included, and the manufacturing method of the agricultural covering sheet characterized by these steps (I) and (II) being implemented continuously is provided.
Step (I): a step of blending the heat-adhesive short fibers (a) and the hygroscopic short fibers (b), spinning the web with a card spinning machine, and forming the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) into a sheet .
Step (II): a polyethylene reticulated nonwoven fabric (A), a short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) obtained in the step (I), and a polyethylene reticulated nonwoven fabric (A), A / B / A, 3 layers The process of laminating and firmly integrating by hot pressing with hot press.
本発明の農業用被覆シートは、除吸湿、防虫及び保温効果を有する細繊度の短繊維不織布（Ｂ）と、引張強度に優れ、湿潤環境下でも寸法変化が少ない直交繊維型の網状不織布（Ａ）とを、組み合わせたものであるため、防虫性、寸法安定性、除湿性および保温性に優れている。また、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）が低目付であることから、通気性、透光性にも優れ、トンネル被覆やべたがけに用いることもでき、内張りカーテンとして使用した場合でも、含まれる吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）の効果により、水滴のぼた落ちも生じにくい。
さらに、本発明の農業用被覆シートの製造方法によれば、その製造工程（Ｉ）、（ＩＩ）は、連続のため、生産性は高く、多様なニーズに対応が可能である。
The agricultural covering sheet of the present invention comprises a fine fiber short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) having dehumidifying, insect repellent and heat retaining effects, and an orthogonal fiber type network nonwoven fabric (A )), It is excellent in insect repellent properties, dimensional stability, dehumidifying properties and heat retaining properties. In addition, since the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) has a low basis weight, it has excellent breathability and translucency, and can be used for tunnel covering and bedding. Due to the effect of the short fibers (b), water drops are less likely to drop.
Furthermore, according to the manufacturing method of the agricultural covering sheet of this invention, since the manufacturing process (I) and (II) are continuous, productivity is high and it can respond to various needs.
本発明の農業用被覆シートは、ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）と、繊度が１．７〜３．３ｄｔｅｘの熱接着性短繊維（ａ）１０〜７０重量％と繊度が１．７〜３．３ｄｔｅｘの吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）３０〜９０重量％からなる短繊維不織布（Ｂ）と、ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）が積層されてなるＡ／Ｂ／Ａの３層構造の不織布からなる。
一方、農業用被覆シートが網状不織布（Ａ）と短繊維不織布（Ｂ）の２層構造の場合、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）が表層となるため、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）の繊維が毛羽たち、脱落したときに、野菜や果物に付着して、商品価値を落とすおそれがある。また、農業用被覆シートが短繊維不織布（Ｂ）と網状不織布（Ａ）と短繊維不織布（Ｂ）のＢ／Ａ／Ｂの３層構造の場合も、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）が表層となるため、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）の繊維が毛羽たち、脱落したときに、野菜や果物に付着して、商品価値を落とすおそれがある。
以下、項目ごとに詳細に説明する。
The agricultural covering sheet of the present invention comprises a polyethylene-made reticulated nonwoven fabric (A), heat-adhesive short fibers (a) having a fineness of 1.7 to 3.3 dtex, and a fineness of 1.7 to 3%. .3 dtex hygroscopic short fiber (b) A / B / A three-layer structure in which a short fiber non-woven fabric (B) composed of 30 to 90% by weight and a polyethylene non-woven fabric (A) are laminated. Made of nonwoven fabric.
On the other hand, when the agricultural covering sheet has a two-layer structure of a net-like non-woven fabric (A) and a short-fiber non-woven fabric (B), the short-fiber non-woven fabric (B) is a surface layer. When dropped, it may adhere to vegetables and fruits and reduce the commercial value. Moreover, also when the agricultural covering sheet has a three-layer structure of B / A / B of the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B), the net nonwoven fabric (A), and the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B), the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) is the surface layer. Therefore, when the fibers of the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) fluff and fall off, they may adhere to vegetables and fruits and reduce the commercial value.
Hereinafter, each item will be described in detail.
１．短繊維不織布（Ｂ）
本発明の農業用被覆シートの中間層に用いられる短繊維不織布（Ｂ）は、繊度が１．７〜３．３ｄｔｅｘの熱接着性短繊維（ａ）１０〜７０重量％と、繊度が１．７〜３．３ｄｔの吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）３０〜９０重量％からなる。
短繊維不織布（Ｂ）は、通気性（保温性）や除湿性（吸湿性）の点から、目付が好ましくは５〜３０ｇ／ｍ２であり、より好ましくは１０〜３０ｇ／ｍ２である。
1. Short fiber nonwoven fabric (B)
The short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) used in the intermediate layer of the agricultural coating sheet of the present invention has a fineness of 1.7 to 3.3 dtex, a heat-adhesive short fiber (a) of 10 to 70% by weight, and a fineness of 1. It consists of 30 to 90% by weight of short fibers (b) having a hygroscopicity of 7 to 3.3 dt.
The short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) preferably has a basis weight of 5 to 30 g / m 2 and more preferably 10 to 30 g / m 2 from the viewpoint of air permeability (heat retention) and dehumidification (hygroscopicity).
（１）熱接着性短繊維（ａ）
本発明に用いられる熱接着性短繊維（ａ）は、２成分の複合繊維であって、該２成分の融点が好ましくは３０℃以上離れたものを用い、繊度１．７〜３．３ｄｔｅｘの熱接着性ポリオレフィン短繊維が好ましい。
また、熱接着性ポリオレフィン短繊維とは、２成分の複合繊維であって、１成分がポリプロピレン、もう１成分が共重合ポリエチレンの複合繊維であることが好ましい。さらに、その構造については、芯鞘構造でも、サイドバイサイド構造でもよい。
(1) Thermal adhesive short fiber (a)
The heat-adhesive short fiber (a) used in the present invention is a bicomponent composite fiber having a melting point of preferably 30 ° C. or more and a fineness of 1.7 to 3.3 dtex. Thermal adhesive polyolefin short fibers are preferred.
The heat-adhesive polyolefin short fiber is a two-component composite fiber, and preferably one component is a polypropylene and the other component is a copolymer polyethylene. Furthermore, the structure may be a core-sheath structure or a side-by-side structure.
また、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）における熱接着性短繊維（ａ）の混率割合は、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）全重量基準で、１０〜７０重量％であり、好ましくは２０〜５０重量％である。混率割合が１０重量％未満では、網状不織布（Ａ）との接着強度が低下するおそれがあり、一方、７０重量％を超えると、吸湿性を損なうおそれがある。 Moreover, the mixture ratio of the heat-adhesive short fiber (a) in the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) is 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 20 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B). . If the mixing ratio is less than 10% by weight, the adhesive strength with the reticulated nonwoven fabric (A) may be lowered, whereas if it exceeds 70% by weight, the hygroscopicity may be impaired.
（２）吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）
本発明に用いられる吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）は、繊度１．７〜３．３ｄｔｅｘが好ましく、除湿性を確保するために、使用している。
また、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）における吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）の混率割合は、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）全重量基準で、３０〜９０重量％であり、好ましくは５０〜８０重量％である。混率割合が３０重量％未満では、吸湿性が悪くなり、一方、９０重量％を超えると、網状不織布（Ａ）との接着強度の低下を引きおこすおそれがある。
吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）としては、ポリビニルアルコール系短繊維やレーヨン短繊維等の公知の吸湿性を有する短繊維が用いられる。
(2) Hygroscopic short fibers (b)
The short fiber (b) having hygroscopicity used in the present invention preferably has a fineness of 1.7 to 3.3 dtex, and is used to ensure dehumidification.
Moreover, the mixture ratio of the short fiber (b) which has a hygroscopic property in a short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) is 30 to 90 weight% on the basis of the total weight of a short fiber nonwoven fabric (B), Preferably it is 50 to 80 weight%. is there. If the mixing ratio is less than 30% by weight, the hygroscopicity is deteriorated. On the other hand, if it exceeds 90% by weight, the adhesive strength with the reticulated nonwoven fabric (A) may be lowered.
As the short fibers (b) having hygroscopicity, known short fibers having hygroscopic properties such as polyvinyl alcohol short fibers and rayon short fibers are used.
２．ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）
本発明の農業用被覆シートの表層（表面層または外層）に用いられるポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）は、熱可塑性樹脂フィルムから形成した一軸配向体を、その配向軸が交差するように経緯積層または織成して得られる網状基材により、形成される。すなわち、スプリットウエブ、スリットウエブおよび一軸配向テープからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種の熱可塑性樹脂の一軸配向体を、配向軸が交差するように経緯積層しまたは構成してなる補強効果に優れた不織布または織布が利用される。この熱可塑性樹脂フィルムからなる一軸配向体は、偏平であるため、本発明の農業用被覆シートに利用した場合、補強材（補強体）機能としての薄形化および平面性を図ることができる。
上記スプリットウエブは、単層でもよいが、好ましくは多層インフレーション法、多層Ｔダイ法等の押出成形により製造した少なくとも２層以上の多層フィルムを、縦方向（長さ方向）または横方向（幅方向）に延伸して、延伸方向に断続的に多数の割れ目を入れた一軸配向された網状のフィルムである。
また、上記スリットウエブは、上記単層あるいは多層フィルムに、縦または横方向に多数のスリット（切れ目）を入れた後に、スリット方向に延伸した一軸配向された網状のフィルムである。
さらに、上記一軸配向テープは、上記単層あるいは多層フィルムを、裁断前および／または裁断後に、縦または横方向に一軸延伸したものである。
上記一軸配向体からなる網状基材層として、より具体的には、例えば、スプリットウエブを経緯積層し熱圧着した不織布、スリットウエブを経緯積層し熱圧着した不織布、スプリットウエブとスリットウエブを経緯積層し熱圧着した不織布、スプリットウエブまたはスリットウエブと一軸配向テープとを配向軸が交差するように経緯積層した不織布、あるいは一軸配向テープを織成した織布等が挙げられる。
一軸配向体からなる不織布としては、上記のようにスプリットウエブ、スリットウエブおよび一軸配向テープからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種の一軸配向体を配向軸が交差するように経緯積層したものが好ましいが、用途によっては、配向をランダムまたは同一方向にして積層してもよい。さらに、これらの不織布または織布を、複合積層して用いることもできる。
直交繊維型不織布のため、縦横の強度の差が小さく、素材自体吸湿も少ない。また、短繊維不織布よりも、引張強度が高いので、補強体の役目をなし、農業被覆シートの寸法安定性を向上させる。また、ＨＡＬＳなどの耐侯剤を練り込むことで、耐候性も付与できる。また、熱接着性もあり、多層構造化にも、対応できる。
2. Reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A)
The reticulated nonwoven fabric (A) made of polyethylene used for the surface layer (surface layer or outer layer) of the agricultural covering sheet of the present invention is a layered structure in which uniaxially oriented bodies formed from thermoplastic resin films are laminated so that their orientation axes intersect. Or it forms with the net-like base material obtained by weaving. That is, the uniaxially oriented body of at least one thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of a split web, a slit web and a uniaxially oriented tape was excellent in the reinforcing effect obtained by laminating or configuring the uniaxially oriented body of the thermoplastic resin so that the orientation axes intersect. Nonwoven fabrics or woven fabrics are used. Since the uniaxially oriented body made of this thermoplastic resin film is flat, when used in the agricultural covering sheet of the present invention, it is possible to achieve thinning and flatness as a reinforcing material (reinforcing body) function.
The split web may be a single layer, but preferably a multilayer film of at least two layers produced by extrusion molding such as a multilayer inflation method or a multilayer T-die method is used in the longitudinal direction (length direction) or lateral direction (width direction). ) And is a uniaxially oriented network film in which many cracks are intermittently formed in the stretching direction.
The slit web is a uniaxially oriented net-like film that is stretched in the slit direction after a large number of slits (cuts) are formed in the vertical or horizontal direction in the single layer or multilayer film.
Furthermore, the uniaxially oriented tape is obtained by uniaxially stretching the monolayer or multilayer film in the longitudinal or transverse direction before and / or after cutting.
More specifically, for example, a non-woven fabric obtained by laminating a split web and thermocompression bonding, a non-woven fabric obtained by laminating a slit web and thermocompression bonding, and a split web and a slit web Examples thereof include a non-woven fabric that has been thermocompression bonded, a nonwoven fabric in which split webs or slit webs and a uniaxially oriented tape are laminated so that the orientation axes intersect, or a woven fabric in which a uniaxially oriented tape is woven.
As the non-woven fabric made of a uniaxially oriented body, it is preferable that at least one uniaxially oriented body selected from the group consisting of a split web, a slit web, and a uniaxially oriented tape as described above is laminated so that the orientation axes cross each other. Depending on the application, the orientation may be random or in the same direction. Furthermore, these non-woven fabrics or woven fabrics can be used in a composite laminate.
Because it is an orthogonal fiber type nonwoven fabric, the difference in strength between the length and width is small, and the material itself absorbs little moisture. Moreover, since tensile strength is higher than a short fiber nonwoven fabric, it plays the role of a reinforcement body and improves the dimensional stability of an agricultural covering sheet. Moreover, weather resistance can also be provided by kneading an anti-glare agent such as HALS. In addition, it has thermal adhesiveness, and can cope with a multilayer structure.
網状不織布（Ａ）として、公知の市販のものは、例えば、ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製の割繊維不織布である「ワリフ（登録商標）」（スプリットウェブとスプリットウェブの交差積層不織布）、「ＣＬＡＦ（登録商標）」（スプリットウェブとスリットウェブの交差積層不織布）などが挙げられる。
これら以外の網状不織布として、例えば、一軸配向多層テープを平行に並べたものを、２組積層した網状基材の不織布などが挙げられ、また、一軸配向多層テープを織成した網状基材である一軸配向多層テープ織成網状基材や、ポリエチレンからなるネット状物を用いることもできる。ネット状物としては、積水フィルム（株）製のソフネット、ソフクロス（いずれも商品名）、クラボウ社製のクレネット（商品名）、コンウェッド社製のコンウェッドネット（商品名）などが挙げられる。
また、網状不織布（Ａ）としては、同一網状不織布同志で、更に積層して用いることも可能であり、また、異種の網状基材を積層しても、本発明に係る網状不織布（Ａ）として、使用することもできる。
さらに、本発明に係る網状不織布（Ａ）の素材がポリエチレンのため、加熱圧着で、網状不織布（Ａ）と短繊維不織布（Ｂ）と網状不織布（Ａ）のＡ／Ｂ／Ａの３層複合構造が可能になる。
網状不織布（Ａ）は、機械的強度や通気性（保温性）、製造コストの点から、目付が好ましくは１０〜２５ｇ／ｍ２、より好ましくは１５〜２０ｇ／ｍ２である。
As the reticulated nonwoven fabric (A), a known commercially available product is, for example, “Wariff (registered trademark)” (a cross-laminated nonwoven fabric of split web and split web) which is a split fiber nonwoven fabric manufactured by JX Nippon Mining & Energy Corporation, “CLAF (registered trademark)” (cross-laminated non-woven fabric of split web and slit web) and the like.
Other examples of the net-like non-woven fabric include a net-type base material non-woven fabric obtained by laminating two sets of uniaxially oriented multilayer tapes arranged in parallel. An oriented multilayer tape woven mesh base material or a net-like material made of polyethylene can also be used. Examples of net-like products include Sofsui Film Co., Ltd. Sofnet, Sofcross (all are trade names), Kurabo Industries Kurenet (trade names), Conwed Cowed nets (trade name), etc. It is done.
Further, as the network nonwoven fabric (A), the same network nonwoven fabric can be used by further laminating, and even when different types of network substrates are laminated, the network nonwoven fabric (A) according to the present invention is used. Can also be used.
Furthermore, since the material of the network nonwoven fabric (A) according to the present invention is polyethylene, a three-layer composite of A / B / A of the network nonwoven fabric (A), the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B), and the network nonwoven fabric (A) by thermocompression bonding. A structure becomes possible.
The net-like non-woven fabric (A) has a basis weight of preferably 10 to 25 g / m 2 , more preferably 15 to 20 g / m 2 in terms of mechanical strength, air permeability (heat retention) and production cost.
３．農業用被覆シートの製造方法
本発明の農業用被覆シートの製造方法は、図１に示すように、次の工程（Ｉ）〜（ＩＩ）を経て、工程（Ｉ）、（ＩＩ）が連続して、製造されることが好ましい。
工程（Ｉ）：熱接着性短繊維（ａ）と吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）を混綿し、カード紡出機によって、ウェブ紡出を行い、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）をシート化する工程、すなわち、シート化した短繊維不織布（Ｂ）を製造する工程。
工程（ＩＩ）：ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）と、工程（Ｉ）で得られた短繊維不織布（Ｂ）と、ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）とを、Ａ／Ｂ／Ａの３層に積層して、熱プレスによる加熱圧着にて、強固に一体化する工程。
なお、生産性の面から、熱プレス機は、カレンダータイプが好ましい。
3. Method for Producing Agricultural Coated Sheet The method for producing an agricultural coated sheet according to the present invention comprises the following steps (I) to (II) followed by steps (I) and (II) as shown in FIG. Are preferably manufactured.
Step (I): a step of blending the heat-adhesive short fibers (a) and the hygroscopic short fibers (b), spinning the web with a card spinning machine, and forming the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) into a sheet That is, the process of manufacturing the sheet-formed short fiber nonwoven fabric (B).
Step (II): a polyethylene reticulated nonwoven fabric (A), a short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) obtained in the step (I), and a polyethylene reticulated nonwoven fabric (A), A / B / A, 3 layers The process of laminating and firmly integrating by hot pressing with hot press.
In view of productivity, the heat press is preferably a calendar type.
４．農業用被覆シートの性能
本発明の農業用被覆シートは、次の性能に、優れている。
（１）防虫性：
ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）単体では、繊度が６００〜３６００ｄｔｅｘと太く、害虫も通過しやすいが、網状不織布（Ａ）と繊度が１．７〜３．３ｄｔの短繊維不織布（Ｂ）との組み合わせにより、繊維間の目合いも小さくなり、害虫も、通過しにくくなる。
（２）寸法安定性：
短繊維不織布（Ｂ）だけでは、引張強度が低く、寸法安定性が不足するが、引張強度の高い直交繊維型不織布である網状不織布（Ａ）と、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）を複合することで、高い寸法安定性を得ることができる。
（３）除湿性：
農作物の結露のぼた落ちによる腐食を防止するために、吸湿性の高い繊維との複合が必要になる。すなわち、親水性の低いポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）だけではなく、網状不織布（Ａ）と、親水性の高い短繊維（ｂ）と熱接着性短繊維（ａ）を混綿した短繊維不織布（Ｂ）とを、複合することにより、湿度を吸湿し、除湿性を得ることができる。
（４）保温性：
農作物の発育を向上させるために、通気度を低くし、保温性を高める必要がある。ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）だけでは、通気度が高く、保温性が得られにくいため、細繊度の短繊維不織布（Ｂ）と網状不織布（Ａ）とを複合することにより、通気度を低くして、保温性を得ることができる。
4). Performance of agricultural covering sheet The agricultural covering sheet of the present invention is excellent in the following performance.
(1) Insect resistance:
The single-piece polyethylene non-woven fabric (A) is thick with a fineness of 600 to 3600 dtex and easily penetrates pests, but the reticulate non-woven fabric (A) and the short-fiber non-woven fabric (B) with a fineness of 1.7 to 3.3 dt The combination reduces the mesh between the fibers and makes it difficult for pests to pass through.
(2) Dimensional stability:
The short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) alone has a low tensile strength and lacks dimensional stability, but by combining the net nonwoven fabric (A), which is an orthogonal fiber nonwoven fabric with a high tensile strength, and the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B). High dimensional stability can be obtained.
(3) Dehumidification:
In order to prevent corrosion caused by dropping of condensation on crops, a combination with highly hygroscopic fibers is required. That is, not only a low-hydrophilic polyethylene reticulated nonwoven fabric (A) but also a reticulated nonwoven fabric (A), a short-fiber non-woven fabric blended with a highly hydrophilic short fiber (b) and a heat-adhesive short fiber (a) ( By combining B), moisture can be absorbed and dehumidification can be obtained.
(4) Thermal insulation:
In order to improve the growth of crops, it is necessary to reduce the air permeability and increase the heat retention. Since the polyethylene-made non-woven fabric (A) alone has high air permeability and it is difficult to obtain heat retaining properties, it is possible to reduce the air permeability by combining the short-fiber non-woven fabric (B) with fine fineness and the net-like non-woven fabric (A). Thus, heat retention can be obtained.
本発明の農業用被覆シートとその製造方法について、以下の実施例／比較例により、具体的に説明する。
なお、不織布の各物性値と性能などは、以下の測定方法により、評価した。
（１）目付：
試料の３ヶ所から３０ｃｍ×３０ｃｍの試験片をカットし、その重量を測定し、平方メートル当たりの重さに換算した。
（２）通気度：
フラジ―ル型通気度試験機を用い、ＪＩＳ Ｌ１０９６−１９７９の「一般織物試験方法」に準拠し、通気度を計測した。
（３）保温性：
実施例及び比較例サンプルを、支柱を用いて地面に対してトンネル状にかぶせ、地中１０〜２０ｍｍの深さに温度計を設置し、無被覆と比較して、温度差が＋５℃以上になるものを良（○）、それ以下を不良（×）とした。
（４）除湿性（吸湿性）：
実施例及び比較例サンプルを、支柱を用いて地面に対してトンネル状にかぶせ、一夜後の水滴などの滴下量を測定し、３ｃｃ以下のものを良（○）、それ以上を不良（×）とした。
（５）防虫性：
実施例及び比較例サンプルを、支柱を用いて地面に対してトンネル状にかぶせ、害虫の侵入が観察できなかったものを良（○）、みられたものを不良（×）とした。
（６）寸法安定性：
実施例及び比較例サンプルを、支柱を用いて地面に対してトンネル状にかぶせ、加工しやすいものを良（○）、それ以外を不良（×）とした。
The agricultural covering sheet of the present invention and the production method thereof will be specifically described by the following examples / comparative examples.
In addition, each physical-property value and performance of a nonwoven fabric were evaluated with the following measuring methods.
(1) Weight per unit:
A test piece of 30 cm × 30 cm was cut from three locations of the sample, the weight was measured, and converted to the weight per square meter.
(2) Air permeability:
Using a fragile type air permeability tester, the air permeability was measured in accordance with JIS L1096-1979 "General Textile Test Method".
(3) Thermal insulation:
The example and the comparative example sample are covered with a tunnel to the ground using a support column, a thermometer is installed at a depth of 10 to 20 mm in the ground, and the temperature difference is + 5 ° C. or more compared to the uncoated case. As a result, it was determined to be good (◯), and below that was determined to be defective (×).
(4) Dehumidification (hygroscopicity):
Example and Comparative Example Samples are covered with a support column in the form of a tunnel, and the amount of drops such as water drops after one night is measured. Those with 3 cc or less are good (◯), and those with more are bad (×) It was.
(5) Insect resistance:
The sample of Example and Comparative Example was covered in a tunnel shape with respect to the ground using a support column, and a sample that could not observe the invasion of pests was judged as good (◯) and a sample that was seen as bad (x).
(6) Dimensional stability:
The sample of Example and Comparative Example was covered in a tunnel shape on the ground using a support column, and those that were easy to process were judged as good (◯), and others were judged as bad (×).
［実施例１］
構成材料として、熱接着性オレフィン短繊維（ａ）（繊度：２．２ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：５１ｍｍ、芯鞘融点：１３５℃）を３０重量％、ポリビニルアルコール短繊維（ｂ）（繊度：１．７ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：３８ｍｍ）を７０重量％配合ブレンドし、カード紡出機を用いて、カーディングを行い、目付１０．０ｇ／ｍ２の繊維ウェブを得た。
ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］と上記繊維ウェブ（Ｂ）とポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］を、３層（Ａ／Ｂ／Ａ）に積層させ、プレス加工を行い、目付４６．０ｇ／ｍ２、通気度２７０ｃｃ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃの不織布シートを形成した。
その結果を表１に示すが、農業用被覆シートとして十分な、除湿性、防虫性、保温性及び寸法安定性を備えていることが判明した。
[Example 1]
As constituent materials, heat-adhesive olefin short fibers (a) (fineness: 2.2 dtex, cut length: 51 mm, core-sheath melting point: 135 ° C.) are 30% by weight, polyvinyl alcohol short fibers (b) (fineness: 1.7 dtex). , Cut length: 38 mm) was blended and blended using a card spinning machine to obtain a fiber web having a basis weight of 10.0 g / m 2 .
Reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [Specification: Warif (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, product number: 3S (T)], the above-mentioned fiber web (B), and a reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [ Specification: Warp (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Mining & Energy Co., Ltd., product number: 3S (T)] is laminated in 3 layers (A / B / A), pressed, and the basis weight is 46.0 g / m 2. A nonwoven fabric sheet having an air permeability of 270 cc / cm 2 / sec was formed.
The results are shown in Table 1, and it was found that the film has sufficient dehumidifying properties, insect repellent properties, heat retention properties and dimensional stability as an agricultural covering sheet.
［実施例２］
構成材料として、熱接着性オレフィン短繊維（ａ）（繊度：２．２ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：５１ｍｍ、芯鞘融点：１３５℃）を３０重量％、レーヨン短繊維（ｂ）（繊度：２．２ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：５１ｍｍ）を７０重量％配合ブレンドし、カード紡出機を用いて、カーディングを行い、目付９．０ｇ／ｍ２の繊維ウェブを得た。
ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］と上記繊維ウェブ（Ｂ）とポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］を、３層（Ａ／Ｂ／Ａ）に積層させ、プレス加工を行い、目付４５．０ｇ／ｍ２、通気度２８０ｃｃ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃの不織布シートを形成した。
その結果を表１に示すが、農業用被覆シートとして十分な、除湿性、防虫性、保温性及び寸法安定性を備えていることが判明した。
[Example 2]
As constituent materials, heat-adhesive olefin short fibers (a) (fineness: 2.2 dtex, cut length: 51 mm, core-sheath melting point: 135 ° C.) are 30% by weight, rayon short fibers (b) (fineness: 2.2 dtex, Cut length: 51 mm) was blended and blended with 70% by weight and carded using a card spinning machine to obtain a fiber web having a basis weight of 9.0 g / m 2 .
Reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [Specification: Warif (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, product number: 3S (T)], the above-mentioned fiber web (B), and a reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [ Specifications: Warp (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, product number: 3S (T)] is laminated in 3 layers (A / B / A), pressed, and weight per unit is 45.0 g / m 2. A nonwoven fabric sheet having an air permeability of 280 cc / cm 2 / sec was formed.
The results are shown in Table 1, and it was found that the film has sufficient dehumidifying properties, insect repellent properties, heat retention properties and dimensional stability as an agricultural covering sheet.
［実施例３］
構成材料として熱接着性オレフィン短繊維（ａ）（繊度：２．２ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：５１ｍｍ、芯鞘融点：１３５℃）を３０重量％、ポリビニルアルコール短繊維（ｂ）（繊度：１．７ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：３８ｍｍ）を７０重量％配合ブレンドし、カード紡出機を用いて、カーディングを行い、目付３０．０ｇ／ｍ２の繊維ウェブを得た。
ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］と上記繊維ウェブ（Ｂ）とポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］を、３層（Ａ／Ｂ／Ａ）に積層させ、プレス加工を行い、目付６６．０ｇ／ｍ２、通気度２００ｃｃ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃの不織布シートを形成した。
その結果を表１に示すが、農業用被覆シートとして十分な、除湿性、防虫性、保温性及び寸法安定性を備えていることが判明した。
[Example 3]
Thermal adhesive olefin short fiber (a) (fineness: 2.2 dtex, cut length: 51 mm, core-sheath melting point: 135 ° C.) as a constituent material is 30% by weight, polyvinyl alcohol short fiber (b) (fineness: 1.7 dtex, (Cut length: 38 mm) was blended and blended with 70% by weight and carded using a card spinning machine to obtain a fiber web having a basis weight of 30.0 g / m 2 .
Reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [Specification: Warif (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, product number: 3S (T)], the above-mentioned fiber web (B), and a reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [ Specification: JX Nippon Mining & Energy Co., Ltd. Warif (registered trademark), product number: 3S (T)] is laminated in 3 layers (A / B / A), pressed, and weight per unit is 66.0 g / m 2. A nonwoven fabric sheet having an air permeability of 200 cc / cm 2 / sec was formed.
The results are shown in Table 1, and it was found that the film has sufficient dehumidifying properties, insect repellent properties, heat retention properties and dimensional stability as an agricultural covering sheet.
［実施例４］
構成材料として、熱接着性オレフィン短繊維（ａ）（繊度：２．２ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：５１ｍｍ、芯鞘融点：１３５℃）を３０重量％、ポリビニルアルコール短繊維（ｂ）（繊度：１．７ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：３８ｍｍ）を７０重量％配合ブレンドし、カード紡出機を用いて、カーディングを行い、目付６．０ｇ／ｍ２の繊維ウェブを得た。
ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］と上記繊維ウェブ（Ｂ）とポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］を、３層（Ａ／Ｂ／Ａ）に積層させ、プレス加工を行い、目付４２．０ｇ／ｍ２、通気度５００ｃｃ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃの不織布シートを形成した。
その結果を表１に示すが、農業用被覆シートとして十分な、除湿性、防虫性、保温性及び寸法安定性を備えていることが判明した。
[Example 4]
As constituent materials, heat-adhesive olefin short fibers (a) (fineness: 2.2 dtex, cut length: 51 mm, core-sheath melting point: 135 ° C.) are 30% by weight, polyvinyl alcohol short fibers (b) (fineness: 1.7 dtex). , Cut length: 38 mm) was blended and blended using a card spinning machine to obtain a fiber web having a basis weight of 6.0 g / m 2 .
Reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [Specification: Warif (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, product number: 3S (T)], the above-mentioned fiber web (B), and a reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [ Specifications: Warp (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, product number: 3S (T)] is laminated in 3 layers (A / B / A), pressed, and weight per unit is 42.0 g / m 2. A nonwoven fabric sheet having an air permeability of 500 cc / cm 2 / sec was formed.
The results are shown in Table 1, and it was found that the film has sufficient dehumidifying properties, insect repellent properties, heat retention properties and dimensional stability as an agricultural covering sheet.
［実施例５］
構成材料として、熱接着性オレフィン短繊維（ａ）（繊度：２．２ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：５１ｍｍ、芯鞘融点：１３５℃）を１０重量％、ポリビニルアルコール短繊維（ｂ）（繊度：１．７ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：３８ｍｍ）を９０重量％配合ブレンドし、カード紡出機を用いて、カーディングを行い、目付１０．０ｇ／ｍ２の繊維ウェブを得た。
ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］と上記繊維ウェブ（Ｂ）とポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］を、３層（Ａ／Ｂ／Ａ）に積層させ、プレス加工を行い、目付４６．０ｇ／ｍ２、通気度２７０ｃｃ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃの不織布シートを形成した。
その結果を表１に示すが、農業用被覆シートとして十分な、除湿性、防虫性、保温性及び寸法安定性を備えていることが判明した。
[Example 5]
As constituent materials, heat-adhesive olefin short fibers (a) (fineness: 2.2 dtex, cut length: 51 mm, core-sheath melting point: 135 ° C.) 10% by weight, polyvinyl alcohol short fibers (b) (fineness: 1.7 dtex) , Cut length: 38 mm) was blended and blended with 90% by weight, and carded using a card spinning machine to obtain a fiber web having a basis weight of 10.0 g / m 2 .
Reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [Specification: Warif (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, product number: 3S (T)], the above-mentioned fiber web (B), and a reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [ Specification: Warp (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Mining & Energy Co., Ltd., product number: 3S (T)] is laminated in 3 layers (A / B / A), pressed, and the basis weight is 46.0 g / m 2. A nonwoven fabric sheet having an air permeability of 270 cc / cm 2 / sec was formed.
The results are shown in Table 1, and it was found that the film has sufficient dehumidifying properties, insect repellent properties, heat retention properties and dimensional stability as an agricultural covering sheet.
［実施例６］
構成材料として、熱接着性オレフィン短繊維（ａ）（繊度：２．２ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：５１ｍｍ、芯鞘融点：１３５℃）を７０重量％、ポリビニルアルコール短繊維（ｂ）（繊度：１．７ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：３８ｍｍ）を３０重量％配合ブレンドし、カード紡出機を用いて、カーディングを行い、目付１０．０ｇ／ｍ２の繊維ウェブを得た。
ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］と上記繊維ウェブ（Ｂ）とポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］を、３層（Ａ／Ｂ／Ａ）に積層させ、プレス加工を行い、目付４６．０ｇ／ｍ２、通気度２７０ｃｃ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃの不織布シートを形成した。
その結果を表１に示すが、農業用被覆シートとして十分な、除湿性、防虫性、保温性及び寸法安定性を備えていることが判明した。
[Example 6]
As constituent materials, 70% by weight of heat-adhesive olefin short fiber (a) (fineness: 2.2 dtex, cut length: 51 mm, core-sheath melting point: 135 ° C.), polyvinyl alcohol short fiber (b) (fineness: 1.7 dtex) , Cut length: 38 mm) was mixed and blended, and carding was performed using a card spinning machine to obtain a fiber web having a basis weight of 10.0 g / m 2 .
Reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [Specification: Warif (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, product number: 3S (T)], the above-mentioned fiber web (B), and a reticulated nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene (A) [ Specification: JX Nippon Mining & Energy Co., Ltd., product number: 3S (T)] is laminated in 3 layers (A / B / A) and pressed, with a basis weight of 46.0 g / m 2 and air permeability of 270cc. A non-woven fabric sheet of / cm 2 / sec was formed.
The results are shown in Table 1, and it was found that the film has sufficient dehumidifying properties, insect repellent properties, heat retention properties and dimensional stability as an agricultural covering sheet.
［比較例１］
構成材料として、ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］を２枚積層させ、プレス加工を行い、目付３６．０ｇ／ｍ２、通気度６３０ｃｃ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃの不織布シートを形成した。
評価結果を表２に示す。寸法安定性は、良好であるが、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）を欠くため、除湿性、保温性、防虫性は、前記実施例１〜６のいずれより劣るものであった。
[Comparative Example 1]
As a constituent material, two pieces of polyethylene-made reticulated nonwoven fabric (A) [specification: Warif (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Mining & Energy Co., Ltd., product number: 3S (T)] are laminated and pressed to obtain a basis weight of 36. A nonwoven fabric sheet having a thickness of 0.0 g / m 2 and an air permeability of 630 cc / cm 2 / sec was formed.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Although the dimensional stability was good, since the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) was lacking, the dehumidifying property, the heat retaining property, and the insect repellent property were inferior to those of Examples 1 to 6.
［比較例２］
構成材料として、熱接着性オレフィン短繊維（ａ）（繊度：２．２ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：５１ｍｍ、芯鞘融点：１３５℃）を３０重量％、ポリビニルアルコール短繊維（ｂ）（繊度：１．７ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：３８ｍｍ）を７０重量％配合ブレンドし、カード紡出機を用いて、カーディングを行い、目付９．０ｇ／ｍ２の繊維ウェブを得た。
ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］と上記繊維ウェブ（Ｂ）を積層させ、プレス加工を行い、目付２７．０ｇ／ｍ２、通気度３００ｃｃ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃの不織布シートを形成した。
評価結果を表２に示す。寸法安定性は、現行品［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］より良好だが、この構成のシートは、網状不織布（Ａ）を片面しか使用しないため、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）面が使用時に毛羽を生じ、農作物に繊維くずが付着するおそれのあるものであった。
[Comparative Example 2]
As constituent materials, heat-adhesive olefin short fibers (a) (fineness: 2.2 dtex, cut length: 51 mm, core-sheath melting point: 135 ° C.) are 30% by weight, polyvinyl alcohol short fibers (b) (fineness: 1.7 dtex). , Cut length: 38 mm) was blended and blended using a card spinning machine to obtain a fiber web having a basis weight of 9.0 g / m 2 .
Polyethylene reticulated nonwoven fabric (A) [Specifications: Wallet (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Mining & Energy Co., Ltd., product number: 3S (T)] and the fiber web (B) are laminated and pressed to obtain a basis weight. A nonwoven fabric sheet having 27.0 g / m 2 and an air permeability of 300 cc / cm 2 / sec was formed.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. The dimensional stability is better than the current product [Specification: Warif (registered trademark) manufactured by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, product number: 3S (T)], but the sheet of this configuration is a mesh nonwoven fabric (A) on one side only. Since it is not used, the surface of the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) is fluffed during use, and there is a possibility that fiber scraps may adhere to the crops.
［比較例３］
構成材料として、熱接着性オレフィン短繊維（ａ）（繊度：２．２ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：５１ｍｍ、芯鞘融点：１３５℃）を１００重量％でカード紡出機を用いて、カーディングを行い、目付１０．０ｇ／ｍ２の繊維ウェブを得た。
ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］と上記繊維ウェブとポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）［仕様：ＪＸ日鉱日石エネルギー（株）製ワリフ（登録商標）、品番：３Ｓ（Ｔ）］を、３層に積層させ、プレス加工を行い、目付４６．０ｇ／ｍ２、通気量２７０ｃｃ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃの不織布シートを形成した。
評価結果を表２に示す。寸法安定性、保温性、防虫性はみられたが、吸湿性繊維であるポリビニルアルコール繊維を含まない短繊維不織布（Ｂ）なので、除湿性が、前記実施例１〜６のいずれより劣るものであった。
[Comparative Example 3]
As a constituent material, carding is performed using a card spinning machine at a heat-adhesive olefin short fiber (a) (fineness: 2.2 dtex, cut length: 51 mm, core-sheath melting point: 135 ° C.) at 100% by weight, A fiber web having a basis weight of 10.0 g / m 2 was obtained.
Polyethylene mesh nonwoven fabric (A) [Specifications: JX Nippon Oil &Energy's Warif (registered trademark), product number: 3S (T)] and the above-mentioned fiber web and polyethylene mesh nonwoven fabric (A) [Specifications: JX Warif (registered trademark) manufactured by Nikko Nippon Oil & Energy Co., Ltd., product number: 3S (T)] is laminated in three layers and subjected to pressing, with a basis weight of 46.0 g / m 2 and an air flow rate of 270 cc / cm 2 / sec. The nonwoven fabric sheet was formed.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Although dimensional stability, heat retention and insect repellent properties were observed, the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) does not contain polyvinyl alcohol fibers which are hygroscopic fibers, so that the dehumidifying property is inferior to any of Examples 1 to 6. there were.
［比較例４］
農業用資材として、べたがけシートなどに使用されている繊度２．２ｄｔのポリエステルスパンボンド不織布（目付：３０．０ｇ／ｍ２）を用いた。
評価結果を表２に示す。保温性、防虫性はみられたが、縦横の強度の差が大きいため、寸法安定性が悪く、また、ポリエステル素材１００％であるため、除湿性が前記実施例１〜６のいずれより劣るものであった。
[Comparative Example 4]
As an agricultural material, a polyester spunbonded non-woven fabric having a fineness of 2.2 dt (weight per unit: 30.0 g / m 2 ) used for a solid sheet or the like was used.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Although heat retention and insect repellent properties were observed, the difference in strength between the length and width was great, so the dimensional stability was poor, and because the polyester material was 100%, the dehumidifying property was inferior to any of Examples 1-6. Met.
［比較例５］
農業用資材として、べたがけシートなどに使用されている織り糸にポリビニルアルコール繊維を用いた平織物である寒冷紗（目付：４０．０ｇ／ｍ２）を用いた。
評価結果を表２に示す。寸法安定性、除湿性は、みられたが、目合いが大きくて通気度が高すぎるために、保温性、防虫性は、本発明の実施例１〜６より劣るものであった。
[Comparative Example 5]
As an agricultural material, a cold koji (a basis weight: 40.0 g / m 2 ), which is a plain woven fabric using polyvinyl alcohol fiber as a weaving thread used for a solid sheet or the like, was used.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Although dimensional stability and dehumidifying property were observed, the heat retention and insect repellent properties were inferior to those of Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention because the mesh size was large and the air permeability was too high.
［比較例６］
構成材料として熱接着性オレフィン短繊維（ａ）（繊度：２．２ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：５１ｍｍ、芯鞘融点：１３５℃）を５０重量％、ポリビニルアルコール短繊維（ｂ）（繊度：１．７ｄｔｅｘ、カット長：３８ｍｍ）を５０重量％配合ブレンドし、カード紡出機を用いて、カーディングを行い、目付２０．０ｇ／ｍ２の繊維ウェブを得た。さらに、プレス加工を行い、通気度１８０ｃｃ／ｃｍ２／ｓｅｃの不織布シートを形成した。
評価結果を表２に示す。しかしながら、このシートは、元来補強体でもある網状不織布（Ａ）を使用しないため、基布強度が弱く、実地作業性がなかった。
[Comparative Example 6]
Thermal adhesive olefin short fiber (a) (fineness: 2.2 dtex, cut length: 51 mm, core-sheath melting point: 135 ° C.) as a constituent material is 50% by weight, polyvinyl alcohol short fiber (b) (fineness: 1.7 dtex, Cut length: 38 mm) was blended and blended in an amount of 50% by weight, and carded using a card spinning machine to obtain a fiber web having a basis weight of 20.0 g / m 2 . Further, press working was performed to form a nonwoven fabric sheet having an air permeability of 180 cc / cm 2 / sec.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. However, since this sheet does not use the net-like nonwoven fabric (A) that is also a reinforcing body, the strength of the base fabric is weak and there is no practical workability.
上記の表１、２の評価結果に示されるように、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）を網状不織布（Ａ）２層によって挟み込み、複合した本発明の農業被覆シート（実施例１〜６）は、除湿性、防虫性、保温性に優れ、吸湿しても寸法変化が少なく、他資材に比べて、優れた性能バランスを有している。また、通気性、透光性にも優れ、トンネル被覆やべたがけ資材に用いることもでき、内張りカーテンとして使用した場合でも、水滴のぼた落ちも生じ難く、産業資材として、広範囲に利用できる。 As shown in the evaluation results in Tables 1 and 2 above, the agricultural coated sheets (Examples 1 to 6) of the present invention in which the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) is sandwiched between the two layers of the network nonwoven fabric (A) and combined are dehumidified. It has excellent properties, insect repellent properties, and heat retention, has little dimensional change even when it absorbs moisture, and has an excellent performance balance compared to other materials. Moreover, it is excellent in air permeability and translucency, and can be used for tunnel covering and bedding materials, and even when used as a lining curtain, it is difficult for water droplets to fall off and can be widely used as industrial materials.
本発明の農業用被覆シートは、農業用被覆資材として、十分な除湿性、防虫性、保温性及び寸法安定性を備えている。また、本発明の農業用被覆シートは、網状不織布を使用しているため、引張強度に優れ、はさみなどで切断加工しても、カット面の目ずれもなく、伸び縮みもみられない。さらに、網状不織布と、吸湿、防虫及び保温効果が期待できる短繊維不織布と、網状不織布との３層構造のため、べたがけ以外にも、トンネル被覆、内張りカーテンなど広い用途範囲で使用でき、産業上の利用可能性が高い。 The agricultural covering sheet of the present invention has sufficient dehumidifying properties, insect repellent properties, heat retaining properties and dimensional stability as agricultural covering materials. Moreover, since the agricultural covering sheet of the present invention uses a net-like non-woven fabric, it has excellent tensile strength, and even if it is cut with scissors or the like, there is no misalignment of the cut surface and no expansion or contraction is observed. Furthermore, because it has a three-layer structure consisting of a mesh-like nonwoven fabric, a short-fiber nonwoven fabric that can be expected to absorb moisture, prevent insects and keep warm, and a mesh-like nonwoven fabric, it can be used in a wide range of applications such as tunnel coating and lining curtains in addition to sticking. High availability on.
Claims (2)
網状不織布（Ａ）層の目付が１０〜２５ｇ／ｍ２で、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）層の目付が５〜３０ｇ／ｍ２であり、かつＡ／Ｂ／Ａの３層が熱接着により一体化されてなることを特徴とする農業用被覆シート。 Reticulated nonwoven fabric (A) made of polyethylene, heat-adhesive short fibers (a) having a fineness of 1.7 to 3.3 dtex, 10 to 70% by weight, and short fibers having a hygroscopicity of a fineness of 1.7 to 3.3 dtex (B) An agricultural covering sheet made of a nonwoven fabric having a three-layer structure of A / B / A formed by laminating a short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) comprising 30 to 90% by weight and a net-like nonwoven fabric (A) made of polyethylene. And
The basis weight of the reticulated nonwoven fabric (A) layer is 10 to 25 g / m 2 , the basis weight of the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) layer is 5 to 30 g / m 2 , and three layers of A / B / A are integrated by thermal bonding An agricultural covering sheet characterized by being formed.
次の工程（Ｉ）及び（ＩＩ）を含み、該工程（Ｉ）、（ＩＩ）が連続して実施されることを特徴とする農業用被覆シートの製造方法。
工程（Ｉ）：熱接着性短繊維（ａ）と吸湿性を有する短繊維（ｂ）を混綿し、カード紡出機によって、ウェブ紡出を行い、短繊維不織布（Ｂ）をシート化する工程。
工程（ＩＩ）：ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）と、工程（Ｉ）で得られた短繊維不織布（Ｂ）と、ポリエチレン製の網状不織布（Ａ）とを、Ａ／Ｂ／Ａの３層に積層して、熱プレスによる加熱圧着にて、強固に一体化する工程。 It is a manufacturing method of the agricultural covering sheet according to claim 1,
A method for producing a coated sheet for agriculture, comprising the following steps (I) and (II), wherein the steps (I) and (II) are carried out continuously.
Step (I): a step of blending the heat-adhesive short fibers (a) and the hygroscopic short fibers (b), spinning the web with a card spinning machine, and forming the short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) into a sheet .
Step (II): a polyethylene reticulated nonwoven fabric (A), a short fiber nonwoven fabric (B) obtained in the step (I), and a polyethylene reticulated nonwoven fabric (A), A / B / A, 3 layers The process of laminating and firmly integrating by hot pressing with hot press.
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