JP6495933B2 - 電解質抑制イオン伝導体を使用する電極保護 - Google Patents
電解質抑制イオン伝導体を使用する電極保護 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6495933B2 JP6495933B2 JP2016552952A JP2016552952A JP6495933B2 JP 6495933 B2 JP6495933 B2 JP 6495933B2 JP 2016552952 A JP2016552952 A JP 2016552952A JP 2016552952 A JP2016552952 A JP 2016552952A JP 6495933 B2 JP6495933 B2 JP 6495933B2
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- separator
- electrochemical cell
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- lithium
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- VXAAFQCAJIHDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;sulfur monoxide Chemical compound [Li].S=O VXAAFQCAJIHDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
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- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium aluminate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Al]=O YQNQTEBHHUSESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014422 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012258 LiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C#N MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNC(C)=O OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002228 disulfide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000313 electron-beam-induced deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001912 gas jet deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium tin Chemical compound [Li].[Sn] UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011536 re-plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
- H01M4/405—Alloys based on lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Description
化学式:x(yLi2S+zLi2O)+MS2
(式中、Mは、Si、Ge、またはSnであり、y+z=1であり、xは0.5〜3の範囲であってもよい)
を有してもよい。いくらかの態様において、xは、少なくとも0.5、少なくとも1.0、少なくとも1.5、少なくとも2.0、または少なくとも2.5である。他の態様において、xは、3.0以下、2.5以下、2.0以下、1.5以下、1.0以下、または0.5以下である。上記範囲の組合せも可能である。xの他の値も可能である。
ポリベンゾビスチアゾール(PBT));多複素環化合物(例えば、ポリピロール);ポリウレタン;フェノール系ポリマー(例えば、フェノール‐ホルムアルデヒド);ポリアルキン(例えば、ポリアセチレン);ポリジエン(例えば、1,2‐ポリブタジエン、シスまたはトランス‐1,4‐ポリブタジエン);ポリシロキサン(例えば、ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)(PDMS)、ポリ(ジエチルシロキサン)(PDES)、ポリジフェニルシロキサン(PDPS)、およびポリメチルフェニルシロキサン(PMPS));並びに無機ポリマー(例えば、ポリホスファゼン、ポリホスホネート、ポリシラン、ポリシラザン)が挙げられる。いくつかの態様において、上記ポリマーは、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリイソブチレン、エポキシ、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択してもよい。これらのポリマーの機械的および電子的特性(例えば、伝導率、抵抗率)は既知である。従って、当業者は、それらの機械的および/または電子的特性(例えば、イオン伝導性および/または電子伝導性)に基づいて、好適なポリマーを選択することができ、および/または本明細書中の記載と組み合わせて、当該技術分野の知識に基づいて、このようなポリマーをイオン伝導性(例えば、単一のイオンに対して伝導性)および/または電子伝導性に変性することができる。例えば、前述のポリマー材料は、イオン伝導性を向上させるために、更に塩、例えば、リチウム塩(例えば、LiSCN、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiSO3CF3、LiSO3CH3、LiBF4、またはLiB(Ph)4、LiPF6、LiC(SO2CF3)3、およびLiN(SO2CF3)2)を含んでもよい。
この実施例では、層の間の改善された接着強度を有する、自立型のセパレータ(例えば、イオン伝導性セパレータ複合体)上にイオン伝導体層を形成する方法を記載する。
リチウムオキシスルフィドイオン伝導体層が1μmの厚さを有した以外は、実施例1Aに記載したものと同様のイオン伝導体‐セパレータ複合体を形成した。上記リチウムオキシスルフィド層の付着前に、実施例1Aに記載したように、上記セパレータの表面をプラズマで処理した。
以下は、セパレータに不十分に結合されたイオン伝導体層を説明する比較例である。
上記イオン伝導体層の付着前に、上記セパレータをプラズマで処理しなかった以外は、
実施例1に記載された方法を用いて、イオン伝導体‐セパレータ複合体を形成した。
上記イオン伝導体‐セパレータ複合体はテープ試験に合格しなかったが、これはセパレータからのイオン伝導体層の剥離を実証する。
1μmのセラミックの厚さで、Gurley試験(TAPPI Standard T 536 om−12)によって測定された透気時間が9.7分未満であった。
この実施例では、リチウム‐硫黄電気化学電池における、実施例1のイオン伝導体‐セパレータ複合体の形成および性能を示す。
この比較例では、リチウム‐硫黄電気化学電池における、比較例1のイオン伝導体‐セパレータ複合体の形成および性能を示す。
この実施例では、透気試験(Gurley試験)によって示されるように、(実施例1に記載された方法と同様に製造された)イオン伝導体‐セパレータ複合体の流体に対するバリアとして作用する能力を実証する。各試料は、0.1〜0.5μmの範囲の細孔径を有する25μmの厚さのセパレータ、および上記セパレータの上にリチウムオキシスルフィドのコーティングを含んでいた。試料1、2、3、および6は、リチウムオキシスルフィドの添加前にプラズマ処理したセパレータを含んだ。試料4、5、および7は、リチウムオキシスルフィド層の添加前に処理されていないセパレータを含んだ。
多くの要素または要素のリストの、1つより多いも含む少なくとも1つ、任意に、リストに挙げられていない更なる項目を含むと解釈されるべきである。明確に示されている項目のみ、例えば、「〜の内の1つのみ」または「〜の内の正確に1つ」、或いは特許請求の範囲において使用される場合の「〜から成る」は、多くの要素または要素のリストの内の正確に1つを含むことを意味する。一般的に、本明細書中で用いられる用語「または」は、「どちらか」、「〜の内の1つ」、「〜の内の1つのみ」または「〜の内の正確に1つ」などの排他性を有する用語が先行する場合、排他的選択肢(即ち、「一方、または両方でない他方」)を示すものとして解釈されるのみである。特許請求の範囲において使用される場合の「本質的に〜から成る」は、特許法の分野で使用されるようなその通常の意味を有する。
102 … 第1電極
104 … 第2電極
106 … セパレータ
108 … 細孔
112、225、315、325、420、505 … イオン伝導体
120、200、202、300、302、304、400、502、504 … 保護構造体
205、305、405 … キャリア基材
330、425、510 … 電気活性材料
210、310、410 … 剥離層
215 … 集電体
220 … 電気活性材料
230、320、500 … ポリマー層
Claims (33)
- 電気活性材料を含む第1電極;
第2電極;および
該第1電極および第2電極の間に配置された複合体;
を含み、
該複合体が、
平均細孔径を有する細孔を含むセパレータ;および
該セパレータに隣接する無機イオン伝導体層;
を含み、
該セパレータが、少なくとも104[Ω・m]のバルク電気抵抗率を有し、
該無機イオン伝導体層が、1.5μm以下の厚さを有し、
該複合体が、Gurley test TAPPI Standard T 536 om−12に準拠して、少なくとも20,000[Gurley‐秒]および200,000[Gurley‐秒]以下の透気時間を有する、電気化学電池。 - 前記無機イオン伝導体層を前記セパレータに接合する、請求項1記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記無機イオン伝導体層を前記セパレータに共有結合によって接合する、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記複合体が、Gurley test TAPPI Standard T 536 om−12に準拠して、少なくとも40,000[Gurley‐秒]の透気時間を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記セパレータの表面上に前記無機イオン伝導体層を付着させる前に、前記セパレータの表面にプラズマ処理を行うことによって、前記複合体を形成する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記セパレータが5〜40μmの厚さを有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記セパレータが、少なくとも1010[Ω・m]および1015[Ω・m]以下のバルク電気抵抗率を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記セパレータが、固体ポリマーセパレータである、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記セパレータが、ポリ(n‐ペンテン‐2)、ポリプロピレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)およびそれらの混合物の1つ以上を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記ポリアミドが、ポリアミド(Nylon)、ポリ(ε-カプロラクタム)(Nylon 6)およびポリ(ヘキサメチレンアジパミド)(Nylon 66)から成る群から選択され、前記ポリイミドがポリ(ピロメリットイミド‐1,4‐ジフェニルエーテル)(Kapton;登録商標、NOMEX;登録商標、KEVLAR;登録商標)である、請求項9記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記セパレータの細孔が、前記無機イオン伝導体で実質的に充填されていない、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記セパレータの細孔の少なくとも一部分が、前記無機イオン伝導体で充填されている、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記セパレータが、5μm以下の平均細孔径を有する、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記無機イオン伝導体層が、セラミック、ガラスまたはガラス‐セラミックを含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記複合体が、少なくとも10−6[S/cm]の25℃でのリチウムイオン伝導率を有する、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記無機イオン伝導体層の厚さの、前記セパレータの平均細孔径に対する比(無機イオン伝導体層の厚さ:セパレータの平均細孔径)が、少なくとも1.1:1である、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記セパレータおよび無機イオン伝導体層の間の接着強度が、少なくとも350N/mである、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記セパレータおよび無機イオン伝導体層の間の接着強度が、ASTM D3359‐02規格に準拠するテープ試験を合格する、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記第1電気活性材料がリチウムを含む、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記第1電気活性材料が、リチウム金属および/またはリチウム合金を含む、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記第2電極が、第2電気活性材料としての硫黄を含む、請求項1〜20のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記イオン伝導体がセラミック材料を含む、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記イオン伝導体が単一イオン伝導性材料である、請求項1〜22のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記イオン伝導体が、前記セパレータの細孔を通って、前記第1電極に面する前記セパレータ側から、前記第2電極に向かって、少なくとも5%拡張する、請求項1〜23のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記イオン伝導体が、前記セパレータの細孔を通って、前記第1電極に面する前記セパレータ側から、前記第2電極に向かって、少なくとも10%拡張する、請求項1〜24のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- 前記イオン伝導体が、前記セパレータの細孔を通って、前記第1電極に面する前記セパレータ側から、前記第2電極に向かって、少なくとも25%拡張する、請求項1〜25のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。
- (a)無機イオン伝導体層がセパレータに接合し、該無機イオン伝導体層の厚さの、該セパレータの平均細孔径に対する比(無機イオン伝導体層の厚さ:セパレータの平均細孔径)が、少なくとも1.1:1であり;または
(b)無機イオン伝導体層が、共有結合によって該セパレータに接合され;または
(c)セパレータの細孔のいくつかに電解質を含むことができ、該セパレータが更に、電解質の第1電気活性材料との相互作用を抑制する無機イオン伝導体で、該細孔が実質的に充填されている第1電極に隣接する領域を含む、請求項1〜26のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池。 - 電気化学電池の第1電極および第2電極を分離するため、および電気化学電池中に存在する電解質の、電気化学電池の該電極の内の1つとの相互作用を抑制するための、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項記載の複合体の使用。
- 平均細孔径を有する細孔および第1表面エネルギーを有する表面を含み、少なくとも104[Ω・m]のバルク電気抵抗率を有するセパレータを提供する工程;
前処理工程において、該セパレータの表面の表面エネルギーを第2表面エネルギーまで増加して、セパレータおよび無機イオン伝導体層を含む複合体を形成する工程;および
該セパレータの表面上に無機イオン伝導体層を付着させる工程
を含み、
該第2表面エネルギーが、少なくとも60[dynes]であり、
該無機イオン伝導体層が、少なくとも10−6[S/cm]のイオン伝導率を有し、
該無機イオン伝導体層が、1.5μm以下の厚さを有し、
該複合体が、Gurley test TAPPI Standard T 536 om−12に準拠して、少なくとも20,000[Gurley‐秒]および200,000[Gurley‐秒]以下の透気時間を有する、電気化学電池の構成要素を形成する方法。 - 前処理工程において、該セパレータの表面の表面エネルギーを第2表面エネルギーまで増加する工程が、
前処理工程において、該セパレータの表面にプラズマ処理を行う工程
を含む、請求項29記載の電気化学電池の構成要素を形成する方法。 - 前記無機イオン伝導体を、電子ビーム蒸着またはスパッタリングによって付着させる、請求項29〜30のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池の構成要素を形成する方法。
- 空気、酸素、オゾン、二酸化炭素、硫化カルボニル、二酸化硫黄、亜酸化窒素、一酸化窒素、二酸化窒素、窒素、アンモニア、水素、フロン類、シラン類および/またはアルゴンの存在下で、前記セパレータの表面にプラズマ処理を行う工程を含む、請求項29〜31のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池の構成要素を形成する方法。
- 前記セパレータの表面に、少なくとも1分間、プラズマ処理を行う工程を含む、請求項29〜32のいずれか1項記載の電気化学電池の構成要素を形成する方法。
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