JP6463125B2 - エマルション燃料 - Google Patents
エマルション燃料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6463125B2 JP6463125B2 JP2014261341A JP2014261341A JP6463125B2 JP 6463125 B2 JP6463125 B2 JP 6463125B2 JP 2014261341 A JP2014261341 A JP 2014261341A JP 2014261341 A JP2014261341 A JP 2014261341A JP 6463125 B2 JP6463125 B2 JP 6463125B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- water
- fuel
- emulsion
- surfactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 92
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- -1 succinimide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydromaleimide Natural products O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 18
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 17
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 8
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 241000221089 Jatropha Species 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BYLSIPUARIZAHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris(1-phenylethyl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C(C(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(O)C(C(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BYLSIPUARIZAHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000984084 Helianthemum nummularium subsp. grandiflorum Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BQFCCCIRTOLPEF-VHEBQXMUSA-N Oil Orange SS Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1\N=N\C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C12 BQFCCCIRTOLPEF-VHEBQXMUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940070765 laurate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMCBDXRRFKYBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC CMCBDXRRFKYBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKTAIYGNOFSMCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-di(nonyl)phenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1CCCCCCCCC JKTAIYGNOFSMCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFQUUNCAHOVSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(16-methylheptadec-1-enyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC1CC(=O)NC1=O JFQUUNCAHOVSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSRSRCQYIXWQLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexadec-1-enylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC1CC(=O)NC1=O LSRSRCQYIXWQLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZPVYDDUIKAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-octadec-1-enylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC1CC(=O)NC1=O AZPVYDDUIKAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBOCQTNZUPTTEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(hydrazinesulfonyl)phenoxy]benzenesulfonohydrazide Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)NN)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)NN)C=C1 NBOCQTNZUPTTEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCNCCN LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005064 octadecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- QBDSZLJBMIMQRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-Cumylphenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 QBDSZLJBMIMQRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
1.エマルション燃料の調製
実施例および比較例において、燃料油、界面活性剤、および添加剤として次のものを用いた。
(燃料油)
灯油(分離状態を分かりやすく示すためにオイルオレンジSS(東京化成工業製)を
0.001wt%/V添加した)
軽油(分離状態を分かりやすく示すためにオイルオレンジSS(東京化成工業製)を
0.001wt%/V添加した)
ジャトロファ油
(界面活性剤)
界面活性剤A:ソルビタンモノオレエート
界面活性剤B:グリセリンモノオレエート
界面活性剤C:ヤシ油脂肪酸ジエタノールアミド
界面活性剤D:ポリオキシエチレン(7.5)ひまし油
界面活性剤E:ポリオキシエチレン(4)ポリオキシプロピレン(3)ラウリルエー
テル
界面活性剤F:ポリオキシエチレン(20)硬化ひまし油トリイソステアレート
界面活性剤G:ポリオキシエチレン(30)硬化ひまし油トリイソステアレート
(添加剤)
アニオン性水溶性高分子:カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(日本製紙製 サン
ローズ(登録商標)F350HC−4、略号:CMC)、カルボキシメチルセルロース
ナトリウム(和光純薬製、略号:CMC試薬)、ポリアクリル酸アンモニウム(和光純
薬製、ポリアクリル酸アンモニウム溶液70〜110、分子量約1万、蒸発残分
42.8%、略号:PAA)
コハク酸イミド化合物:(N−ポリアルキレンポリアミン)ポリ(イソ)ブテニルコハ
ク酸イミド(東邦化学工業製 PD−98ANH、ポリ(イソ)ブテニル基の平均分子
量1000、有姿全塩基価50.2mgKOH/g、略号:PIBSI)
表1〜表4に示す配合比で、界面活性剤、コハク酸イミド化合物を配合する場合は燃料油に溶解し、CMC、PAAを配合する場合は水道水に溶解してから、燃料油へ徐々に添加混合した。
A:上記混合物を攪拌ホモジナイザー(プライミクス社製ホモミクサーMARKII 2.5型)を用いて25℃、10000rpmの回転数で10分間、高速撹拌して乳化した。
次の方法でエマルション燃料中における水相粒子の平均粒径を25℃で測定した。動的光散乱(DLS、ゼータ電位粒径測定システム、大塚電子製)法により重量分布を平均粒径として算出した。単分散性は多分散指数(PDI)により評価した。結果を表1〜表4に示す。図1には実施例1の乳化直後、50℃に保存した1日後、4日後の粒径分布のヒストグラムを示す。
実施例1、7、8、比較例1、2について、乳化直後、50℃に保存した1日後、4日後の光学顕微鏡観察(カールツァイス製、Axio Imager.A2m)を行った。倍率は1600倍で観察した。結果を図2に示す。
得られたエマルション燃料を50mL目盛り付きの栓付きメスシリンダーに50mL移して25℃または50℃の恒温器内で静置し、1日後、4日後の分離水量および上層下層相分離率を計測した。分離水量、上層下層相分離率から次の基準で安定性を評価した。
評価基準(分離水量)
◎:分離なし
○:水滴
△:0.1〜1ml未満
×:1ml以上
◎:3%未満
〇:3〜10%未満
△:10〜20%未満
×:20%以上
市販のディーゼルエンジン「デンヨー小型ディーゼルエンジン発電機:DA−3100SS−IV 水冷4サイクル渦流室式」を用い燃焼試験を行い、排ガス中のNOx濃度を測定した。燃焼試験には50℃に保存した1日後の実施例1〜17および比較例6、7、10、11のエマルション燃料を用い、実施例品はそのまま、比較例品は再乳化した後、燃料タンクに供給し燃焼したときのNOx発生を、軽油のみ、灯油のみ、またはジャトロファ油のみ燃焼したときを100%とした場合の減少率で示した。なお、一般にNOx発生量は水の比率が増加すると低減される傾向にある。またスモーク濃度に関してもスモークメータによる測定を行い、同様に燃料油のみ燃焼したときを100%とした場合の減少率で示し評価した。結果を表1〜表4に示す。
Claims (2)
- 軽質油、植物油、および動物油から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する燃料油、水、および界面活性剤を含有する油中水型(W/O)のエマルション燃料であって、カルボキシメチルセルロース塩および/またはポリ(メタ)アクリル酸塩と、ノニオン性界面活性剤を含有し、カルボキシメチルセルロース塩および/またはポリ(メタ)アクリル酸塩の含有量が、燃料油および水の合計に対して0.015〜1.0質量%であり、水相粒子の平均粒径が0.1〜1μmであるエマルション燃料。
- コハク酸イミド化合物を含有する請求項1に記載のエマルション燃料。
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JPS5996195A (ja) * | 1982-11-18 | 1984-06-02 | ジヨン・ツアイ−・マオ・ウ | 燃料油組成物と用途 |
JPH01210497A (ja) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-08-24 | Mitsuyuki Okada | マイクロカプセル含有燃料及びその製造方法 |
MX9305120A (es) * | 1992-09-04 | 1994-03-31 | Lubrizol Corp | Composiciones sobrebasificadas sulfuradas. |
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