JP6449198B2 - 化学的検出デバイス - Google Patents
化学的検出デバイス Download PDFInfo
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Description
典型的なシステムのブロック図が図1に示される。検体の濃度(検体がサンプルにないゼロ濃度を含む)を含む流体サンプルは、検体の濃度をアナログ電気信号に変換するISFETの化学的検出表面に接している。変換器は化学信号をアナログ信号に変換する。変換器は振動信号の入力部に接続される。化学信号および振動信号は組み合わせて振動出力信号を生成する。変換器がCMOSインバータのISFET形成部分を含む場合、変換器は、示されるようなパルス出力信号を生成するために電源をオンおよびオフするであろう。アナログ化学信号は、位相ずれまたはパルス幅が変わるように、出力信号を調節するのに貢献する。この変化は化学的濃度を表す。その後、時間−デジタルコンバータまたは位相復調器は、パルス信号を復号し、デジタル信号を出力する。振動入力信号からの寄与は、正味の化学的寄与を残すために差し引かれることができる。これらの信号はあらかじめ処理され、メモリに保存されてもよい。時間−デジタルコンバータは、以下に記載されるタイプであってもよい:Jianjun Yu et al, 12−Bit Vernier Ring Time−to−Digital Converter in 0.13 um CMOS Technology, IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID−STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 45, NO. 4, April 2010、または、 Gordon W. Roberts, A Brief Introduction to Time−to−Digital Digital−to−Time Converters, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II: EXPRESS BRIEFS, VOL. 57, NO. 3, March 2010。
遺伝子検査の分野で、核酸(DNAとRNAのような)の1つ以上のヌクレオチドを同定することが望ましい。典型的には、核酸の一本鎖は、核酸上のある点が同定されるまで、または、該点を含んで、プローブによってアニール処理される。ヌクレオチドは、鎖を伸張するために、プローブの3’末端へと組み込まれるようになるであろう。この組み込み反応は、適切に処理された検出表面を備えたISFETによって検知可能な水素イオンを放出すると示されてきた。例えば、該表面は、窒化ケイ素、二酸化ケイ素、タンタル酸化物、または、水素イオンに対して感度を有すると示されたそれ以外のものであってもよい。
核酸中の単一のヌクレオチド塩基の同定に対する延長として、数十から数百のヌクレオチド塩基の配列を同定することが望ましい。
6塩基長のDNAに基づいたシミュレーション結果が図4で示され、ここで、グラフは、(a)反応時間全体(16秒)にわたる4つのセンサーの各々での塩基の呼び出し順序と塩基の伸長、および、(b)1つの反応全体(2秒)における各々のセンサーに関する振動基準信号と変調出力信号とを示す。
−ISFETの新しい構造形態を使用することによって、単一の検出ピクセルのためのトランジスタの合計数は、2まで減らすことができる(選択トランジスタを含む)。
−アナログ処理回路は必要ない。
上述の通り、ひとつの実施形態において、システムへの化学的入力は、当初のイオン濃度が出力信号を変調するために作用するように制御された化学信号によって変えられてもよい。組み合わされた化学信号は、(a)緩衝液中のイオン濃度を検査するために、および(b)トランジスタの電気的な動作点(閾値下、線形、飽和)を検査するために、ある範囲にわたって掃引(sweep)され得る。前者は、当初のイオン濃度が、任意の小さな変化が緩衝液によりマスキングされるような緩衝能内であるときに有用である。後者は、上述のように、当初のイオン濃度により変調された幅の出力パルスを生成するために、インバータで操作され得る。2つの効果は、追加の滴定液がイオン濃度の作動点を緩衝能以上に引き上げ、インバータの切り換え点も越えるように組み合わされ得る。
(I1−I2)=ΔI=T2−T1
Claims (5)
- 複数の鋳型ポリヌクレオチドの配列を決定する方法であって、該方法は、
流体中の検体の1以上の成分を測定する方法であって、
前記方法は、
(i)化学的変換器に流体を供給する工程、
(ii)第1の電気出力信号をオン状態とオフ状態の間で切り替えるために、前記化学的変換器に1以上の入力信号を振動させる工程であって、前記流体のイオンの濃度が前記第1の電気出力信号のオン状態又はオフ状態のパルス幅を変調する、工程
(iii)検体に特異的な試薬を流体と組み合わせる工程であって、これによって、試薬が検体と反応する場合にイオンが生成される、工程、
(iv)第2の電気出力信号をオン状態とオフ状態の間で切り替えるために、前記化学的変換器に1以上の入力信号を振動させる工程であって、前記流体のイオンの濃度が前記第2の電気出力信号のオン状態又はオフ状態のパルス幅を変調する、工程、
(v)流体のイオン濃度の変化を定量化するために、第1および第2の出力信号の位相ずれ又はパルス幅の変化を比較する工程、および、
(vi)検体の成分を測定するために、試薬が検体と反応したか否かを決定すべく、イオン濃度の変化と閾値とを比較する工程を含む、ことを特徴とする方法。 - イオン濃度を表す第1および第2のデジタル出力信号を提供するために、第1および第2の変調された出力信号を復調工程に続いて、流体のイオン濃度の変化を定量化するために、第1および第2のデジタル出力信号を比較する工程をさらに含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(iv)の後に、流体から残存する試薬を取り除く工程をさらに含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 検体のさらなる成分を測定するために、前記工程(ii)から前記工程(vi)を繰り返す工程をさらに含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 検体は配列決定される核酸テンプレートであり、試薬は既知のタイプのヌクレオチドであり、
イオン濃度は、ヌクレオチドが核酸テンプレート上に挿入されるかどうかに依存して変化する、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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US9702846B2 (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2017-07-11 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Biosensor device and related method |
JP6239665B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-11-29 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置 |
JP7231963B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-21 | 2023-03-02 | 国立大学法人山形大学 | 電気化学計測装置 |
CN110208676A (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-09-06 | 西北工业大学 | 前端读出集成电路的等效噪声电荷测试电路及测试方法 |
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GB2485068A (en) | 2012-05-02 |
US10144964B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 |
CA2811701A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
GB201018224D0 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
JP5982385B2 (ja) | 2016-08-31 |
JP2017006132A (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
US20130252828A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
US20170321272A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
EP2633296B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
ES2649064T3 (es) | 2018-01-09 |
GB201118666D0 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
US20190040463A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
CN103189741B (zh) | 2016-09-07 |
CA2811701C (en) | 2014-07-22 |
GB2485068B (en) | 2013-03-13 |
EP3258257A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
US10697011B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
WO2012056247A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
US9683260B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
JP2014508915A (ja) | 2014-04-10 |
CN103189741A (zh) | 2013-07-03 |
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