JP6433786B2 - 高度ガラクトシル化抗体 - Google Patents
高度ガラクトシル化抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6433786B2 JP6433786B2 JP2014524460A JP2014524460A JP6433786B2 JP 6433786 B2 JP6433786 B2 JP 6433786B2 JP 2014524460 A JP2014524460 A JP 2014524460A JP 2014524460 A JP2014524460 A JP 2014524460A JP 6433786 B2 JP6433786 B2 JP 6433786B2
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanoborohydride Chemical compound [Na+].[B-]C#N BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012439 solid excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010374 somatic cell nuclear transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037439 somatic mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019337 sorbitan trioleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000391 sorbitan trioleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009870 specific binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010041823 squamous cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012289 standard assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007863 steatosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000240 steatosis hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001052 streptozocin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N streptozocin Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002536 stromal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003437 strontium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-FCHARDOESA-L strontium-89(2+);dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[89Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-FCHARDOESA-L 0.000 description 1
- 210000004304 subcutaneous tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009495 sugar coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002511 suppository base Substances 0.000 description 1
- FIAFUQMPZJWCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N suramin Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C2C(NC(=O)C3=CC=C(C(=C3)NC(=O)C=3C=C(NC(=O)NC=4C=C(C=CC=4)C(=O)NC=4C(=CC=C(C=4)C(=O)NC=4C5=C(C=C(C=C5C(=CC=4)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O)C)C=CC=3)C)=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1 FIAFUQMPZJWCLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005314 suramin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007474 system interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000000596 systemic lupus erythematosus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VAZAPHZUAVEOMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tacedinaline Chemical compound C1=CC(NC(=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1N VAZAPHZUAVEOMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003454 tamoxifen citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FQZYTYWMLGAPFJ-OQKDUQJOSA-N tamoxifen citrate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(/CC)=C(C=1C=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=1)/C1=CC=CC=C1 FQZYTYWMLGAPFJ-OQKDUQJOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N taxane Chemical class C([C@]1(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C1)C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]1C2(C)C DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940063683 taxotere Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940061532 tegafur / uracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001278 teniposide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002381 testicular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000003120 testicular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940110675 theracys Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001196 thiotepa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010043554 thrombocytopenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008732 thymoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003087 tioguanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MNRILEROXIRVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioguanine Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=S)C2=NC=N[C]21 MNRILEROXIRVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000607 toxicokinetics Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012250 transgenic expression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- RXRGZNYSEHTMHC-BQBZGAKWSA-N troxacitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)OC1 RXRGZNYSEHTMHC-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004222 uncontrolled growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000653 valrubicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012178 vegetable wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004982 vinblastine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KDQAABAKXDWYSZ-PNYVAJAMSA-N vinblastine sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@H](C[C@]1(C(=O)OC)C=2C(=CC3=C([C@]45[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]6(CC)C=CCN([C@H]56)CC4)(O)C(=O)OC)N3C)C=2)OC)C[C@@](C2)(O)CC)N2CCC2=C1NC1=CC=CC=C21 KDQAABAKXDWYSZ-PNYVAJAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004528 vincristine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005212 vindesine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007279 water homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013389 whole blood assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylazine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1NC1=NCCCS1 BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001600 xylazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021249 α-casein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021241 α-lactalbumin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195727 α-lactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021246 κ-casein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/04—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies from milk
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2887—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against CD20
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/21—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin from primates, e.g. man
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/40—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by post-translational modification
- C07K2317/41—Glycosylation, sialylation, or fucosylation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
- C07K2317/732—Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
- C07K2317/734—Complement-dependent cytotoxicity [CDC]
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Description
一態様では、本開示は、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団の組成物を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団は、乳腺上皮細胞中で、遺伝子導入で産生される。いくつかの実施形態では、抗体の集団中の抗体は、同一の抗原エピトープに向けられる。いくつかの実施形態では、抗体の集団中の抗体は、同一の核酸配列によってコード化される。
nは、順相高速液体クロマトグラフィー(NP HPLC)スペクトルなどのクロマトグラム中の分析されるN−グリカンのピークの数を表し、
「Galの数」は、ピークに相当するグリカンの分岐上のガラクトースモチーフの数を表し、
「Aの数」は、ピークに相当するグリカン型のN−アセチルグルコサミン分岐の数に一致し、並びに
「相対面積%」は、相当するピーク下の面積の%に一致する。
nは、順相高速液体クロマトグラフィー(NP HPLC)スペクトルなどのクロマトグラム中の分析されるN−グリカンのピークの数を表し、
「フコースの数」は、ピークに相当するグリカン上のフコースモチーフの数を表し、並びに
「相対面積%」は、フコースモチーフを含有する対応するピーク下の面積の%に一致する。
一態様では、本開示は、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団は、遺伝子導入で産生される。いくつかの実施形態では、抗体の集団は、細胞培養中で産生される。いくつかの実施形態では、細胞培養は、例えば、細胞培養にガラクトシルトランスフェラーゼを添加することによって、又はガラクトシルトランスフェラーゼの産生の増加をもたらす遺伝物質を細胞に添加することによって、抗体ガラクトシル化の量を増加させるよう改変されている。いくつかの実施形態では、抗体の集団は、細胞培養中で産生され、その後(追加の)ガラクトースを結合させるためのインビトロ生化学反応によって改変される。
一態様では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物は、高い補体依存性細胞障害(CDC)活性を有する。一態様では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物は、高い抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞障害(ADCC)活性を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物は、高い補体依存性細胞障害(CDC)活性を有し、かつ高い抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞障害(ADCC)活性を有する。
一態様では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物は、高い補体依存性細胞障害(CDC)活性を有する。一態様では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物は、高い抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞障害(ADCC)活性を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物は、高い補体依存性細胞障害(CDC)活性を有し、かつ高い抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞障害(ADCC)活性を有する。
一態様では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物は、高い補体依存性細胞障害(CDC)活性を有する。一態様では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物は、高い抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞障害(ADCC)活性を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物は、高い補体依存性細胞障害(CDC)活性を有し、かつ高い抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞障害(ADCC)活性を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を含む組成物は、B細胞枯渇を誘導する強力な能力を有する(例えば、血液サンプル中又は対象において)。いくつかの実施形態では、高度にガラクトシル化され、かつB細胞枯渇を誘導するための強力な能力を有する抗体の集団の抗体は、抗−CD20抗体である。
一態様では、本開示は、高度ガラクトシル化抗体の集団を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、高度ガラクトシル化抗体の集団は、遺伝子導入で産生される。いくつかの実施形態では、集団中の抗体は、キメラ型、ヒト化又は完全ヒト抗体である。いくつかの実施形態では、集団中の抗体は、完全長抗体である。いくつかの実施形態では、集団中の抗体は、重鎖及び軽鎖を含む。
一態様では、本発明は、高度にガラクトシル化されている抗体の集団を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、高度ガラクトシル化抗体の集団は、遺伝子導入で産生される。
いくつかの実施形態では、核移植によって遺伝子導入ヤギを産生する上で使用するために、構築物(例えば、抗−CD20抗体をコード化する)を含有する一次細胞系を産生するために、重鎖及び軽鎖構築物が、一次ヤギ皮膚上皮細胞にトランスフェクトされることができ、これがクローン増殖され、導入遺伝子のコピー数、導入遺伝子の構造的一体性及び染色体一体化部位を評価するために十分に特性化される。本明細書で使用するとき、「核移植」とは、そこでドナー細胞から得た核が除核卵母細胞に移植されるクローニングの方法を指す。
一態様では、本開示は、本明細書に提供される抗体の集団のいずれかを発現する乳腺上皮細胞を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、本開示は、本明細書に提供される抗体の集団のいずれかを発現する乳腺上皮細胞を含む、遺伝子導入非ヒト哺乳動物を提供する。
(a)非ヒト哺乳動物細胞を、所望の遺伝子導入抗体をコード化する導入遺伝子DNA構築物でトランスフェクトすることと、
(b)前記導入遺伝子DNA構築物が細胞のゲノム中に挿入された細胞を選択することと、
(c)第1の核移植手順を実行し、所望の遺伝子導入抗体に対してヘテロ接合の非ヒト遺伝子導入哺乳動物で、遺伝子導入抗体を乳汁中で発現することができるものを作製することと、を含む。
(a)抗体を発現するよう操作された非ヒト遺伝子導入哺乳動物を提供する方法と、
(b)この抗体を非ヒト遺伝子組換え哺乳動物の乳汁中で発現させる方法と、
(c)乳汁中で発現された抗体を単離する方法と、を提供する。
一態様では、本開示は、本明細書に記載される組成物のいずれか1つを、疾患、外傷又は中毒に冒された対象などの、これを必要する対象に投与するための方法を提供する。
一態様では、本開示は、本明細書に記載される組成物のいずれか1つを必要とする対象に投与するための方法を提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、対象は免疫障害を有する。
一態様では、本明細書に提供される抗体組成物は、他の治療薬と共に投与される。抗体組成物及び他の治療薬は、同時に又は逐次的に投与される。他の治療薬が同時に投与される場合、これらは同一又は別個の製剤で投与され得るが、同じ時間で投与される。他の治療薬は抗体と一緒に互いに逐次的に投与される、この場合、他の治療薬と抗体の投与は、時間的に分けられる。これら化合物の投与の間の時間の間隔は、短時間であってもよく、又はより長い時間でもよい。
一態様では、本開示は、本明細書に記載される高度ガラクトシル化抗体のいずれかと、薬学的に許容可能な担体とを含む組成物を提供する。
CD20抗体構築物の作製
遺伝子導入CD20抗体(Tg20)に関するアミノ酸配列が、図1に提供されている:軽鎖は配列番号1であり、重鎖は配列番号2である。遺伝子導入CD20抗体に関するアミノ酸配列をコード化する核酸配列を使用して、遺伝子導入CD20抗体(Tg20)を発現する遺伝子導入ヤギを作製した。ヤギの乳腺中の核酸配列の発現を容易にするために、カゼインプロモータを遺伝子導入CD20抗体に関するアミノ酸配列をコード化する核酸配列に作動可能に結合させた。
1) 発現ベクターBc800へのサブクローニングを容易にするために隣接するXhoI部位を付加した。
2) Kozakコンセンサス配列(GCCACC)を、両構築物上のイニシエータATGのすぐ上流に付加した。
3) 可能なスプライス部位:G GGT AAA TGA(配列番号3)〜G GGA AAA TGA(配列番号4)を破壊するために、サイレント変異を重鎖の終止コドンの近くで導入した。
新鮮なヤギ皮膚生検サンプルから得た繊維芽細胞を、インビトロで初代培養で維持した。簡単に言うと、皮膚サンプルを、CA++フリー及びMG++フリーのリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)中で細かく刻み、EDTA中の希釈トリプシンで採取し、単一細胞懸濁液を回収し、37℃で培養した。集密細胞をトリプシン処理し、継代培養した。細胞の一部を、今後の使用に備えて液体窒素中で凍結保存した。
導入遺伝子コピー数を確立し、可能性のある再構成を特定するために、トランスフェクトされた細胞を、導入遺伝子に特異的なプローブを使用するサイザンブロット分析によって、特性評価した。各細胞系をまた、FISHによって分析し、単一挿入を確認し、染色体位置を決定した。細胞遺伝学的分析を実行し、細胞系の核型を確認した。PCR、サウザンブロット及びFISH分析は、Igの重鎖及び軽鎖導入遺伝子の双方の存在を確認した。
間期FISHについては、それぞれの増殖したコロニーから得た数百個の細胞をフィルター上に固定し、増幅させた導入遺伝子特異的ジゴキシゲニンで標識付けしたプローブにハイブリダイズした。中期FISHについては、細胞をLab Tek Chamberスライド(Nunc、ニューヨーク州、ロチェスター)上で培養し、5−ブロモ−2’デオキシウリジン(BrdU)を律動的に送り、複製バンディングを可能にした。プローブ結合をFITC接合抗−ジゴキシゲニンで検出し、染色体を4’6−ジアミジノ−2−フェニルインドール(DAPI)で対抗染色した。Zeiss Axioskop顕微鏡(Zeiss Imaging、ニューヨーク州、ソーンウッド)、Hamamatsuデジタルカメラ(Hamamatsu、ニュージャージー州、ブリッジウォーター)、及びImage Pro−Plusソフトウェア(Media Cybernetics、メリーランド州、シルバースプリングス)を使用して画像を取得した。
細胞遺伝学的分析を、トランスフェクトされた繊維芽細胞系のドナーで実行した。導入遺伝子プローブを、ニック翻訳によって、ジゴキシゲニン−dUTPで標識付けした。変性させた染色体に対するプローブ結合を、FITC接合抗−ジゴキシゲニン又はFITC接合チラミドに続いてのホースラディッシュ・ペルオキシダーゼ接合抗−ジゴキシゲニンのいずれかで検出した。染色体バンディングパターンをDAPIによって可視化した。ヤギは60本の染色体を有し、それらの全ては末端動原体である(中央又は中央近辺よりはむしろ1つの末端部に動原体を有する)。中期スプレッドを、染色体消失、重複又は肉眼的再構成などの肉眼的異常所見について検査した。
CD20抗体を発現する遺伝子導入動物の作製
CD20抗体についての導入遺伝子構築物を使用して、遺伝子導入ヤギを作製した。成熟抗体を産生する遺伝子導入ヤギを、重鎖及び軽鎖構築物の1:1混合物を導入することによって作製した。
抗体を、遺伝子導入ヤギの乳汁から採取した。ヤギの乳汁は、遺伝子導入ヤギのホルモン誘発乳汁分泌から得た(例えば、Ebertら著、1994年、Biotech 12:699〜702を参照されたい)。遠心分離によって、カゼイン及び脂肪の大部分を除去することによって乳汁を清澄化した。次いで、タンパク質Aクロマトグラフィー、その後のQ Sepharose Fast Flow上の陰イオン交換クロマトグラフィーによって、抗体を精製した。最終産物を、クエン酸ナトリウム/塩化ナトリウム+ポリソルベート80中で製剤化した。
A.材料及び方法:
グリコシル化プロファイリング
抗体サンプルのN−脱グリコシル化を、Prozyme N−脱グリコシル化キット(San Leandro、カリフォルニア州、米国)を使用して、製造元の手順に従って実行した。簡単に言うと、300μgの乾燥抗体サンプルを10mMの水性Tris−HCl緩衝液(pH8.0)の135μL中に回収し、10%(v/v)のβ−メルカプトエタノール水溶液4.5μLを添加し、抗体のジスルフィド架橋を還元した。7.5mUのペプチジル−N−グリコシダーゼ(PNGアーゼ)Fを添加し、続いて37℃での一晩のインキュベーションによって、N−脱グリコシル化を実行した。
ヒトCD16aへの結合を、Biocoreシステム(X100、GE Healthcare)上の表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)技術を使用して実行した。このアッセイでは、2183RUのレベルにおけるアミン化学を使用して、CD16aをSPRチップ上に固定した。試験される抗体を、異なる濃度で(50、100及び200nM)PBS緩衝液中で希釈し、同一の緩衝液を使用して、固定化したCD16a上に順次注入した。チップ上では、非特異的相互作用によって生じるバックグラウンドを減じるために、1つのフローセルを対照として使用した。各注入の間に、チップの再生を、3.75nMのNaOH溶液で行った。
簡単に言うと、実験の高い再現性を可能にするために、NKエフェクター細胞を、固定した遺伝子導入細胞の細胞(ヒトCD16aを発現するJurkat細胞)によって置き換えた。Jurkat CD 16a細胞、WIL2−S細胞及びPMA(ホルボールミリステートアセテート)をそれぞれエフェクター細胞、標的細胞及び非特異的アクチベータとして使用し、試験される抗体の用量範囲でインキュベートした。インキュベーションの後に、Jurkat細胞活性は、特異的ELISAによって定量化されるIL−2サイトカイン放出を結果として生じた(Vivier Eら著、Int.Immunol、1992年、4(11):1313〜1323)。細胞培養の上清中のIL−2の量は、CD16aに結合しかつ活性化するための試験された免疫複合体であるWIL2−S/抗体の能力に直接相関する。
試験される抗体の薬理活性を試験するために使用されるADCC(抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞障害性)は、乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ放出アッセイによって実現した。エフェクター細胞として使用される健康なドナーから得たヒトNK細胞を、NK細胞単離キット及びAutoMacsオートマット(Miltenyi biotec)を伴う免疫磁気細胞選別法を使用して精製した。10%のFCSを含有するIMDM(PAA、細胞培養企業、Les mureaux、フランス)培地中で維持されたバーキットリンパ腫Raji細胞系(ATCC CCL86)を標的細胞として使用した。細胞を、マイクロプレート中の異なる濃度の抗体の存在下で、エフェクター/標的比R=10/1でコインキュベートし、5%のCO2を含有する加湿雰囲気中、37℃で4時間インキュベートした。エフェクター細胞媒介標的細胞死に対して自発的エフェクター細胞死を識別することを可能にするために、標的細胞のみを含有するウェルとエフェクター細胞のみを含有する別のウェルである陰性対照のウェルを試験に含めた。標的細胞と抗体をコインキュベートすることによって調製された「抗体対照」ウェルもまた、エフェクター細胞の不在下で標的細胞に対する抗体の固有の細胞障害特性を試験するために行った。最後に、可能性のある抗体非依存性細胞媒介性細胞障害(AICC)活性を評価するために、抗体の不在下で標的及びエフェクター細胞の双方をコインキュベートすることによって、対照のウェルを調製した。遠心分離後、細胞障害性検出キット(Roche Applied Science、ドイツ)を使用して、上清をLDH放出について試験した。
試験される抗体を、ヒト血清の存在下で、CD20抗原を発現するWIL2−S細胞と1つの濃度で混合した。それぞれの試験において、8つのサンプルを個々に調製した。ヒトのC1q除去血清中の細胞を、10μg/mLの濃度のヒトmAb及び様々な濃度のC1qで、37℃にて10分間スパイクした。DNA染料のヨウ化プロピジウム(PI)の層間侵入によって、蛍光で細胞死を決定した。蛍光レベルは、培養基中の生存細胞の数に比例する(O’Brien,Jら著(2000年)、Eur.J.Biochem.267、5421〜5426)。
カニクイザル(マカカ・ファシキュラリス、Macaca fascicularis)は、3.1〜4.4kgの体重の範囲であった。投薬開始前に、全ての動物を計量し、コンピュータを使った無作為抽出手順を使用して、処置群に振り分けた。投与製剤は、IVで投与した。血液サンプルを、2番目のサンプリングを投与前1〜4日の間に採取して、投与の開始前に2回にわたって採取し(予備動物を含める)、次いで1日目(投与後4時間)、並びに2〜8、15、22、29、36、43、50、57、64、71、78、85、及び92日目に採取した。動物は92日目に安楽死させた。血液サンプルを、認定された分析法を使用して分析した。リンパ球集団を定量化した(細胞表面マーカーに対する特異的抗体を使用する、フローサイトメトリーによって)。リンパ節(LN)を切除生検法によって採取し、リンパ球集団を、細胞表面マーカーに対する特異的抗体を使用して、フローサイトメトリーによって、CD45+リンパ球の相対的パーセンテージとして定量化した。薬物動態パラメータを、WinNonlin薬物動態ソフトウェア(Pharsight Corp.カリフォルニア州、マウンテンビュー)を使用して推定した。パラメータ推定には、非区画法アプローチを使用した(図10及び図11を参照)。
この試験は、特に図6によるCDC及びADCCにおける全ての自然の免疫現象によって、ヒトドナーの全血中のBリンパ球の枯渇を誘発するTg20の能力を評価するために実行した。
投与量レベル:0.03mg/kg/日(低)及び0.3mg/kg/日(高)
抗体につき1投与量当たり3匹の動物。
血液サンプルを、投与前1〜4日目に採取された第2番目のサンプリングで、投与開始前に2回採取し(予備動物を含めて)、次いで1日目(投与後4時間)、並びに2〜8、15、22、29、36、43、50、57、64、71、78、85、及び92日目に採取した。血液サンプルは、2日〜92日の間、ほぼ同じ時間に採取した。リンパ球サブセットの分析用に、1mLの容量の血液を、大腿静脈から抗凝血剤としてK2EDTAを含有するチューブに採取した。サンプルは、22日目以降、計画的な中止で、動物から採取されなかった。サンプルを軽く混合し、処理のための試験施設の免疫学研究所に移されるまで周辺条件で保持した。血液サンプルを、認定された分析法で分析した。以下の表に従って同定されたリンパ球集団を、細胞表面マーカーに対する特異的抗体を使用して、フローサイトメトリーによって定量化した(相対的パーセンテージ及び絶対計数)。サンプルを、22日目までは、以下の抗体パネルに従って処理した:CD45/CD3/CD8/CD4、CD45/CD3/CD8/CD16、及びCD45/CD3/CD20/CD40。次いで、29日目から92日目までは、Bリンパ球抗体パネルのみを評価した(CD45/CD3/CD20/CD40)。総リンパ球計数を、BD TruCountチューブを使用して、各抗体パネルについて決定し、各サンプルについての1μLの全血当たりのCD45+リンパ球の平均として報告した。イソタイプ対照を使用せず、DPBSチューブを陰性対照として使用した。
右鼠径リンパ節(NL)を、8日目に動物から切除生検により採取し、左鼠径リンパ節を、22日目に切除生検により採取した。右腋窩リンパ節を92日目に全摘(剖検で)によって採取した。計画された手術の前に、動物を一晩絶食状態にした。手術前少なくとも30分にカルプロフェン(4mg/kg)を各動物に皮下投与した。各動物は、手術前及び2日後に、Duplocillin(登録商標)(1mL)の筋肉内注射を受けた。手術前準備に先立って、十分な鎮静状態を作り出すために、各動物を、ケタミン、キシラジン、及びグリコピロレートの筋肉注射で予備麻酔した。動物に器官挿管を施し、その後、SOPの予備麻酔及び麻酔に従って、イソフルラン及び酸素を使用して麻酔状態を維持させた。パルス酸素濃度計を用いて、心拍数及び酸素飽和度を監視した。手術前に、刺激の少ない潤滑用目薬を各眼に投与した。一旦動物が十分に麻酔されたら、右又は左鼠径領域を剃毛し、SOPの手術部位準備に従って準備した。右又は左鼠径領域内で約2〜3cmの切開口を作った。右又は左鼠径リンパ節を可視化するために、周辺組織を注意深く切り離した。ハサミと鉗子を使用して、リンパ節を採取した。創口閉鎖前に、10mLの温生理食塩水の塩水フラッシュを与えた。採取後に、皮下組織及び皮膚を、吸収可能な縫合糸を使用して閉鎖した。リンパ節を約5mLのアッセイ培地(5%(v/v)のFBSを含有するRPMI−1640)中、周辺温度で維持し、処理/分析まで免疫学研究所に移した。上記テキストテーブルで同定された集団を、細胞表面マーカーに対して特異的抗体を使用して、フローサイトメトリーによって、CD45+リンパ球の相対的パーセンテージとして定量化した。サンプルを、以下の抗体パネルを使用して処理した:CD45/CD3/CD8/CD4、CD45/CD3/CD8/CD16及びCD45/CD3/CD20/CD40。イソタイプ対照を使用せず、DPBSチューブを陰性対照として使用した。
SDS PAGE:
非還元条件下で実行し、クーマシーブルー染色後のSDS−PAGE分析(図3を参照)は、Tg20及び無傷の抗体に相当する低フコース参照抗体の双方について、168kDaにて主バンドを示す。高分子量(HMW)のバンドを参照抗体について検出し、一方これはTg20については検出されなかった。銀染色後に、このHMWバンドはTg20についても検出され、並びに数個のその他の副バンドが参照抗体について一般的に検出された。これら副バンドは、抗体の部分的還元型に一致することができる:147kDaはHC−HC−LC、110kDaはHC−HC及び71kDaはHC−LC。168kDaにおける主バンドは総タンパク質含量の95%と推定され、これに対し、産物関連の不純物のその他のバンドは5%を示すにすぎず、Tg20の低レベルの分解を示唆している。還元条件下で実行されたSDS−PAGE分析(図3を参照)は、54kDaと28kDaにおいて2つの主バンドを示し、これらはそれぞれ抗体の重鎖及び軽鎖に相当する。2つの抗体は、同一の見かけの分子量を呈する。
図4は、PNGアーゼF処置によりTg20から放出した2−AB誘導N−グリカンの蛍光検出により取得されたNP−HPLCプロファイルを示している。47.49、59.35及び78.38分で検出された主ピークは、それぞれ、A2G1F、A2G2F及びA2G2FNeuGc1に相当する。数多くの低含量ピークも検出された。検出された型の相対的モル比を表1(以下を参照)に示している。
タンパク質配列をタンパク質及びペプチドマッピングによって調査した。ペプチドマッピングにより93%の配列有効範囲を得て、タンパク質マッピング実験から推定された重鎖及び軽鎖の分子量は、理論的質量に適合する。重鎖及び軽鎖の双方を、それらのN−末端グルタミンでピログルタミン酸付加されたものとして同定した。重鎖及び軽鎖の双方のN−及びC−末端を確認した。
Tg20のサイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)プロファイルの試験は、産物のモノマー形態が、検出された形態の97.3%に当たることを示す(図5)。断片、ダイマー及びポリマーは、それぞれ0.9%、1.1%及び0.7%で、低含量で検出された。
このアッセイは、ADCC活性に関連する、抗体がCD16aへ結合する能力に焦点を合わせるために開発されたものである。Tg20について得られた干渉曲線は、TG20が固定されたCD16aに結合するための能力を有することを示す。リツキサンは、同一の実験条件で、SPRでは検出不能なプロファイルを示した(図8及び図9を参照)。
モノクローナル抗体CD20アッセイによるCD16活性化
このアッセイは、FcγRIIIa受容体(C16aとも呼ばれる)をその細胞表面上で発現するエフェクター細胞を活性化するためにCD20標的細胞(WIL2−S細胞)上に結合したTg20の能力を評価するために開発されたものである。この結合は、エフェクター細胞の活性化及びIL−2の放出を惹起する。このアッセイは、ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞によって媒介されるADCCを誘発するための抗−CD20抗体の効力を評価する。
この試験は、NK細胞を活性化しかつ標的細胞の細胞溶解を誘発するためのCD20+標的細胞(Raji細胞)上に結合したTg20の能力を評価する。抗―CD20抗体(Tg20及びリツキサン)によって媒介される細胞障害活性を、標的細胞の細胞溶解の%として表す。
このアッセイは、IgGがその標的に結合する場合、補体系を活性化するための抗体の能力に基づいている。Tg20は、リツキサンよりも高いCDC活性を示した(図8を参照)。
全血実験において、Tg20は、リツキサンと比べて、より高いB細胞枯渇レベルを誘発した。
前述された明細書は、当業者が本発明を実行することを可能にするのに十分であると考えられる。実施例が本発明の特定の態様及び実施形態の例示として意図されるものであるために、本発明は提供された実施例による範囲に限定されるものではない。他の機能的に等価な実施形態も本発明の範囲内にある。本明細書で示され説明されたものに加えて、本発明の様々な修正は、前述の説明から当業者には明らかになるであろうし、これらは添付の請求項の範囲内にある。本発明の利点及び目的は、本発明の各実施形態によって必ずしも包含される必要はない。
Claims (7)
- 高度にガラクトシル化された抗体集団を作成する方法であって、
高度にガラクトシル化された抗体集団が産生されるように、ヤギの乳腺上皮細胞において前記抗体集団を遺伝子導入で発現させることを含み、前記集団中の抗体のガラクトシル化のレベルが少なくとも70%であり、および前記集団中の抗体が抗CD20抗体である、方法。 - 産生された前記抗体集団を採取することを更に含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記抗体集団のCDC活性を決定することを更に含む、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 前記集団中の抗体のガラクトシル化のレベルが、少なくとも80%である、請求項1〜3いずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記集団中の抗体のフコシル化のレベルが、少なくとも80%である、請求項1〜4いずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記集団中の抗体のフコシル化のレベルに対する前記集団中の抗体のガラクトシル化のレベルの比が、0.8〜1.2の間である、請求項1〜5いずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記抗体集団が、モノ−ガラクトシル化N−グリカン、2ガラクトシル化N−グリカン、またはモノ−ガラクトシル化N−グリカン及び2ガラクトシル化N−グリカンの両方を含む抗体を含む、請求項1〜6いずれか1項記載の方法。
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PCT/IB2012/001795 WO2013021279A2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2012-08-10 | Highly galactosylated antibodies |
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