JP6409203B2 - Power supply device, transportation equipment, power supply control method, and control device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a power supply device, a transportation device, a power supply control method, and a control device.

  Transportation devices with replaceable batteries have been developed as drive power sources. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a method of sequentially discharging a main battery and a sub battery in a power supply system including a main battery provided on a body of an electric vehicle and a replaceable sub battery. .

JP 2014-147197 A

  In the power supply system described in Patent Document 1, only one sub-battery is considered, and it is not assumed that a plurality of sub-batteries are used. Further, when using a plurality of batteries connected in parallel, it is necessary to consider the difference in the state of charge between the plurality of batteries. Generally, when a plurality of batteries having different charge states are used, a voltage converter for adjusting the voltage of each battery is installed. As a result, the voltages of a plurality of batteries can be aligned and output in parallel.

However, installing a voltage converter increases costs and increases space and weight in the vehicle. Therefore, the installation of the voltage converter may be an obstacle to development and practical use particularly in an electric vehicle having a large cost, space, and weight restrictions such as a two-wheeled vehicle, a moped four-wheeled vehicle, and an ultra-compact mobility.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, in a power supply facility using a plurality of sub-batteries, while simplifying the equipment configuration, increasing the opportunity for the plurality of sub-batteries to discharge simultaneously, An object is to provide a power supply device, a transport device, a power supply control method, a control device, and a power storage module that can improve output characteristics.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, each of the power storage units (for example, the power storage unit 20 in the embodiment) and a switch (for example, an implementation) that switches between the power storage unit and the driving device of the transportation device. A plurality of power storage modules connected in parallel (for example, the auxiliary power source 3 in the embodiment), at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit, and the plurality of power storages measured in advance. A control device for controlling the state of the switch of each of the plurality of power storage modules based on a difference in resistance value of the storage unit, wherein a difference between at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit is smaller than a reference and in the case the high-current output request is not, in the case of both the case where the difference of the resistance value is smaller than the reference, the control device (e.g., to parallel output to said plurality of power storage units, the real Power apparatus comprising a control device 10) and in the form (for example, a power supply device 5) in the embodiment.

The invention according to claim 2, in the power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the control device, based on each of the voltage or charging rate of the plurality of said power storage module, the drive from each of a plurality of said power storage module It controls the amount of power output to the device.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the power supply device according to the first or second aspect , each of the plurality of power storage modules is connected to the driving device without going through a voltage conversion device.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the power supply device according to any one of the first to third aspects, each of the plurality of power storage modules is detachable from the transportation device.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the power supply device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the power storage unit in the plurality of power storage modules includes a positive electrode containing iron phosphate.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the power supply device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the control device is configured such that the number of the power storage modules that discharge simultaneously and the voltage or the charging rate of the power storage module. Based on the above, it is determined whether or not it is necessary to limit the output of the power storage module to the drive device.

The invention according to claim 7 is a transportation device (for example, the embodiment) including the power supply device according to claim 6 and a display device (for example, the meter panel 30 in the embodiment) that displays whether the output restriction is necessary. Vehicle 1).

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the transportation device according to the seventh aspect , the display device displays whether or not there are a plurality of the storage modules that are simultaneously discharged and whether or not the output restriction is necessary. It is.

The invention according to claim 9 is the transport device according to claim 7 or 8 , wherein the display device includes a plurality of the power storage modules that simultaneously discharge, and does not require the output restriction. Whether or not is displayed.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power supply device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, and a display device that displays whether or not there are a plurality of the power storage modules that simultaneously discharge. The instrument panel 30) is a transportation device (for example, the vehicle 1 in the embodiment).

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, a plurality of power supply devices each connected in parallel, each including a power storage unit and a switch for connecting or disconnecting between the power storage unit and the driving device of the transport device. Measuring at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit of each of the power storage modules, and measuring at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit of each of the plurality of power storage modules The state of the switch of each of the plurality of power storage modules is controlled based on the difference in resistance value of the power storage unit, and the difference between at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit is smaller than a reference and high current and when there is no power demand, in the case of both the case where the difference of the resistance value is smaller than the reference, so as to cause parallel output to said plurality of power storage units, by controlling the switches, a plurality of pre Controlling a respective storage module, the disconnection between the driving unit of transport equipment, a power supply control method.
The invention according to claim 12 includes a plurality of power storage modules connected in parallel, each of which includes a power storage unit and a switch that connects or disconnects the power storage unit and the driving device of the transport device . A control device that controls the state of the switch of each of the plurality of power storage modules based on at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of each power storage unit and the difference between the resistance values of the plurality of power storage units measured in advance The difference between at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit is smaller than the reference and there is no high current output request, and both the case where the difference in the resistance value is smaller than the reference, It is a control device that controls the switch to control connection / disconnection between each of the plurality of power storage modules and the driving device of the transport device so that the plurality of power storage units perform parallel output.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the voltage difference between the plurality of power storage modules is controlled by controlling the state of each switch of the plurality of power storage modules based on at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit. Alternatively, in consideration of the difference in the state of charge, it is possible to increase the opportunity for the plurality of power storage modules to discharge simultaneously and improve the output characteristics. Further, since voltage conversion by a voltage converter or the like is not performed, the system configuration can be simplified, and cost reduction, space saving, and weight reduction can be achieved. Moreover, since voltage conversion is unnecessary, conversion loss, such as an electronic device drive, can be avoided.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the voltage difference or the charging rate difference between the storage modules can be reduced by controlling the state of the switch based on the voltage difference or the charging rate difference between the plurality of storage modules. it can. Thereby, when there is a voltage difference or a charging rate difference between the power storage modules, a large current (sneak current) flowing from the power storage module having a high voltage to the power storage module having a low voltage can be prevented.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, the voltage difference between the power storage modules is output in parallel by controlling the state of the switch based on the voltage difference or the charge rate difference between the plurality of power storage modules and performing parallel output. It can be controlled to a certain possible range. In addition, the deterioration of the power storage module can be suppressed by continuing the discharge by the parallel output that is difficult to apply a load to the power storage module.

  According to the fourth aspect of the invention, the parallel output can be continued until the end of the discharge by controlling the state of the switch based on the voltage or the charging rate of the plurality of power storage modules. That is, the cruising range can be increased.

  According to invention of Claim 5, 9, discharge control according to the charge condition is performed by controlling the electric energy output from an electrical storage module based on the voltage or charging rate of several electrical storage modules. Can do. In addition, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the power storage module and increase the cruising distance of the transport device.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the voltage conversion device is unnecessary, the system configuration can be simplified, and cost reduction, space saving, and weight reduction can be achieved. In particular, in an electric vehicle having a large cost, space, and weight restrictions such as a two-wheeled vehicle, a moped four-wheeled vehicle, and an ultra-compact mobility, a special effect of maximizing the passenger cabin is achieved.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the number of power storage modules can be changed according to the demand of the user of the transport equipment by making the power storage modules detachable from the transport equipment. Therefore, the cruising distance and output characteristics of the transportation device can be freely customized. In addition, the storage module can be reused by charging the removed storage module. Furthermore, it can create value that is not available in conventional transportation equipment, such as using it as a power source for other electrical appliances. Such detachable power storage modules are used in various ways other than the power source for driving transportation equipment as described above, and the usage is greatly different among power storage modules. Compared to a conventional power supply device provided in a transport device, there is a specific problem that a voltage difference or a charge rate difference between power storage modules is likely to occur. Therefore, by combining the invention according to claim 7 and the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in a transport device including a detachable power storage module, a plurality of power storage modules can simultaneously discharge. For the first time, it is possible to achieve an exceptional effect that the output characteristics can be improved.

  According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the power storage units in the plurality of power storage modules include the positive electrode containing iron phosphate, even if the charge rates of the respective power storage modules are slightly different, the voltages are approximately the same. The current can be input and output without the need for a voltage converter, and a low-cost, space-efficient and light-weight power supply system can be realized.

  According to the invention described in claims 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, the amount of electric power that can be output from the power storage module, the necessity of output limitation, whether or not there are a plurality of power storage modules that are simultaneously discharged are displayed. By providing the display device to be used, it is possible to notify the user of the transport device of the usage status of the power storage module.

  According to the invention described in claims 15 and 16, by controlling connection / disconnection between each of the plurality of power storage modules and the drive device of the transport device based on at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage module. In consideration of the difference in the state of charge between the plurality of power storage modules, the chance of the plurality of power storage modules to discharge simultaneously can be increased, and the output characteristics can be improved.

  According to the invention of claim 17, by controlling the state of each switch of the plurality of power storage modules based on at least one of the voltage of the power storage unit and the charging rate, the charge state between the plurality of power storage modules In consideration of the difference, it is possible to increase the chance that a plurality of power storage modules simultaneously discharge and improve the output characteristics.

The figure which shows an example of the transport equipment provided with the power supply device in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows an example of the power supply device in 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the auxiliary power supply in 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the discharge mode of the auxiliary power supply based on the voltage in 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the discharge control state of the auxiliary power supply based on the voltage in 1st Embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the discharge control of the auxiliary power supply based on charge rate SOC in 1st Embodiment. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of power control processing according to the first embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the meter panel in 1st Embodiment. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of power control processing according to the second embodiment. The figure which shows the SOC-OCV characteristic which is the correlation of the open circuit voltage OCV which used the iron phosphate for the positive electrode of the electrical storage part of an auxiliary power supply, and charging rate SOC in 2nd Embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the power supply device in 3rd Embodiment. The flowchart which shows an example of the flow of the charging process in 3rd Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, a power supply device, a transport device, a power supply control method, a control device, and a power storage module according to some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of transportation equipment including a power supply device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a vehicle (for example, an electric vehicle) 1 is shown as an example of transportation equipment including a power supply device. However, the power supply device of the present invention is a two-wheeled vehicle, a three-wheeled vehicle, a moped four-wheeled vehicle, an internal combustion engine, and the like. The present invention can be applied to any vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle that also has an electric motor, a ship, an aircraft, and the like.

  The vehicle 1 includes, as power sources, for example, one main battery (main power source) 2 provided at the bottom of the vehicle body and a plurality of sub-batteries (auxiliary power sources) 3 detachably provided at the rear of the vehicle body. Yes. In FIG. 1, two auxiliary power sources 3 are illustrated, but three or more auxiliary power sources may be installed in the vehicle 1.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power supply device according to the present embodiment. The power supply device 5 of the present embodiment includes, for example, a main power supply 2 (first power supply), an auxiliary power supply 3 (second power supply, power storage module), a control device 10, and a charging device 14. The main power supply 2, the auxiliary power supply 3, the control device 10, and the charging device 14 are connected to each other by, for example, a multiple communication line such as a CAN (Controller Area Network) communication line, a serial communication line, a wireless communication network, or the like. . The driving device 12 is connected to the power supply device 5.

  The main power supply 2 is provided in the vehicle body of the vehicle 1 and satisfies the basic output requirements of the drive device 12 of the vehicle 1. The main power supply 2 is, for example, a secondary battery such as a lead storage battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium ion battery, or a lithium ion polymer battery.

  The auxiliary power source 3 is a detachable power source that can be installed and removed from the vehicle body of the vehicle 1. The auxiliary power source 3 is used according to the user's needs such as extending the cruising distance of the vehicle 1. The auxiliary power source 3 includes a plurality of auxiliary power sources of a first auxiliary power source 3-1,... N-th auxiliary power source 3-n (n is an integer of 2 or more). The auxiliary power supply 3 is a secondary battery such as a lead storage battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium ion battery, or a lithium ion polymer battery. The first auxiliary power source 3-1,..., The nth auxiliary power source 3-n basically have the same battery configuration, but may have different configurations. Further, the weight of the auxiliary power supply 3 is preferably 8 kg or less, more preferably 7 kg or less so that the user can easily carry it.

  The control device 10 controls operations of the main power source 2, the auxiliary power source 3, and the charging device 14. The control device 10 provides power supplied from the main power supply 2 and the auxiliary power supply 3 to the drive device 12. The control device 10 includes, for example, an ECU (Electronic Control) in which a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a storage device such as a flash memory, a communication port, and the like are connected via a bus. Unit: Electronic control unit).

  The charging device 14 receives power from an external device and charges the main power supply 2 and / or the auxiliary power supply 3. The charging device 14 includes, for example, a connector that is connected to an external power supply device and the like, and a supply unit that supplies the supplied power to the main power supply 2 and / or the auxiliary power supply 3.

  The drive device 12 provides power for driving the vehicle 1. The drive device 12 includes, for example, a travel motor and a motor ECU that controls the travel motor. The drive device 12 provides power for driving the vehicle 1 using electric power supplied from the main power supply 2 and / or the auxiliary power supply 3.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example (first auxiliary power source 3-1) of the auxiliary power source 3 in the present embodiment. The first auxiliary power source 3-1 includes, for example, a power storage unit 20, a BMU (Battery Management Unit) 22 (control unit), a switch 24, an ammeter 26, and a CAN driver 28 (reception unit). The first auxiliary power source 3-1 includes a positive line L 1 and a negative line L 2 connected to the driving device 12, and a communication line L 3 connected to the main power source 2 and another auxiliary power source 3. The first auxiliary power source 3-1 supplies power to the driving device 12 through the positive line L 1 and the negative line L 2. The first auxiliary power source 3-1 exchanges various signals with the control device 10 and other auxiliary power sources via the communication line L 3. The first auxiliary power source 3-1 is connected to the driving device 12 without going through a voltage conversion device or the like.

  The power storage unit 20 includes, for example, a plurality of storage batteries connected in series with each other. The plurality of storage batteries have the same configuration, for example. Each of the plurality of storage batteries is a chargeable / dischargeable secondary battery. The power storage unit 20 may include a plurality of storage battery units connected in parallel to each other (each storage battery unit includes a plurality of storage batteries connected in series).

  The BMU 22 controls operations of the power storage unit 20, the switch 24, the ammeter 26, and the CAN driver 28. Specifically, the BMU 22 detects the voltage of each of the plurality of storage batteries provided in the power storage unit 20. Further, the BMU 22 acquires the temperature of the power storage unit 20 from a thermometer (not shown) provided in the power storage unit 20. Further, the BMU 22 calculates the SOC (State Of Charge) of the power storage unit 20 based on the voltage value of each of the plurality of storage batteries and the current value input from the ammeter 26. Further, the BMU 22 controls the conduction state and the cutoff state (ON and OFF) of the switch 24 based on the control signal input from the control device 10 via the CAN driver 28. Each function of the BMU 22 is realized by a processor such as a CPU executing a program.

  The switch 24 brings the power storage unit 20 and the drive device 12 into a conductive state or a disconnected state. The switch 24 includes, for example, a field effect transistor and various contactors. The switch 24 is provided, for example, on the positive electrode line L1 that connects the power storage unit 20 and the drive device 12.

  The ammeter 26 measures the current flowing through the first auxiliary power source 3-1, and outputs the measurement result to the BMU 22. The ammeter 26 is provided, for example, on the negative electrode line L <b> 2 that connects the power storage unit 20 and the driving device 12.

  The CAN driver 28 is connected to the control device 10 and other auxiliary power supply CAN drivers via the communication line L3. CAN driver 28 outputs the voltage value and SOC of power storage unit 20 input from BMU 22 to control device 10 via communication line L3. Further, the CAN driver 28 outputs a control signal input from the control device 10 to the BMU 22.

  The power supply device 5 of this embodiment performs discharge control of the auxiliary power supply based on at least one of the voltage and SOC of each of the first auxiliary power supply 3-1 to the nth auxiliary power supply 3-n. The power supply device 5 performs discharge control as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 based on, for example, the voltages and SOCs of the plurality of auxiliary power supplies 3-1 to 3 -n.

  FIG. 4 shows three discharge modes (first to third modes) for determining the auxiliary power source for discharging based on the voltages of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 to the n-th auxiliary power source 3-n. FIG. 5 shows the discharge control state of the auxiliary power supply in the first to third modes. FIG. 6 shows three regions (region 1 to region 3) in which the output current of the auxiliary power source is changed based on the SOC of the auxiliary power source. In order to facilitate understanding, a case where two auxiliary power sources (first auxiliary power source 3-1 and second auxiliary power source 3-2) are used will be described below as an example.

(First mode)
The first mode is a series output mode in which only the auxiliary power source having a high output voltage out of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 discharges. When the voltage difference between the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 is larger than a predetermined threshold value (first threshold value), the power supply device 5 operates in the first mode. Further, in the first mode, the normal use output current (maximum A1) in the SOC region 1 or the SOC region 2 shown in FIG. 6 according to the SOC of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2. Discharge with.

  The SOC region 1 indicates a region where the SOCs of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 are in a predetermined first range (100 to S1%). This S1 is an arbitrary positive numerical value satisfying 100> S1, and is determined in advance in consideration of the configuration of the power supply device 5 and the like. In the SOC region 1, as the SOCs of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 decrease, the output voltages of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 are changed from V1. Decrease to V2 (V1> V2).

  The SOC region 2 indicates a region where the SOCs of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 are in a predetermined second range (S1 to S2%). This S2 is an arbitrary positive numerical value satisfying S1> S2, and is determined in advance in consideration of the configuration of the power supply device 5 and the like. In the SOC region 2, as the SOCs of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 decrease, the output voltages of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 change from V2. Decrease to V3 (V2> V3).

  When two auxiliary power supplies are used, both the SOC region 1 and the SOC region 2 are discharged with a normally used output current (maximum A1). In the case of using one auxiliary power source, the SOC region 1 is discharged with the normal use output current, and the SOC region 2 is the output current of the power saving use 1 (the output current is smaller than the normal use). Discharge is performed at maximum A2, A2 <A1). In the case of using four auxiliary power supplies, as in the case of using two auxiliary power supplies, discharging is performed at the normal use output current (maximum A1) in both the SOC region 1 and the SOC region 2.

  In this first mode, the voltage difference between the two auxiliary power supplies can be reduced by controlling so that only the auxiliary power supply having a high output voltage discharges. Thereby, the sneak current by the power difference at the time of connecting a some auxiliary power supply can be suppressed. Further, since the battery tends to deteriorate when the battery is maintained at a high voltage, the battery deterioration can be suppressed by discharging from the auxiliary power source having a high voltage.

(Second mode)
The second mode is a parallel output mode in which the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 discharge in parallel. When the voltage difference between the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold (first threshold), the power supply device 5 operates in the second mode. Further, in the second mode, discharging is performed with an output current normally used in the SOC region 1 or the SOC region 2 shown in FIG. 6 according to the SOCs of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2. . In this second mode, by controlling the two auxiliary power supplies to discharge in parallel, the voltage difference between the two auxiliary power supplies can be kept below a predetermined threshold that allows the parallel discharge to continue. Moreover, since this 2nd mode is the state by which the load with respect to the battery was reduced, it can suppress deterioration of a battery.

(Third mode)
The third mode is a parallel output mode in which the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 discharge in parallel. The voltage difference between the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold (first threshold), and the voltages of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 are When both are below a predetermined threshold (second threshold), the power supply device 5 operates in this third mode. Further, in the third mode, discharging is performed with the output current (maximum A2) of the power saving use 1 in the SOC region 3 shown in FIG. 6 according to the SOC of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2. I do. In the SOC region 3, as the SOCs of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 decrease, the output voltages of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 are changed from V3. Decrease to V4 (V3> V4).

  In the third mode, it is possible to maintain a certain level of output up to the end-of-discharge voltage by controlling the two auxiliary power supplies to discharge in a power-saving manner in parallel. In the case of using one auxiliary power source, in the SOC region 3, discharging is performed with the output current of the power saving use 2 (maximum A3, A3 <A2) which is smaller than the power saving use 1. When four auxiliary power supplies are used, the SOC region 3 is also discharged with a normal output current.

  Next, the operation of the power supply device 5 in this embodiment will be described. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of power control processing in the present embodiment.

  First, the control device 10 suspends the discharge (that is, the switch 24 is in the cut-off state), and each of the first auxiliary power supply 3-1 and the second auxiliary power supply 3-2 (Open Circuit Voltage: OCV). Specifically, the control device 10 outputs a signal requesting an open circuit voltage to each of the CAN drivers 28 of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 via the communication line L 3. Next, the CAN driver 28 outputs a signal requesting an open circuit voltage to the BMU 22. The BMU 22 measures the open circuit voltage of the power storage unit 20, and outputs the measurement result to the control device 10 via the CAN driver 28 and the communication line L3 (step S101).

  Next, the control device 10 determines whether or not the voltage difference Vd between the open circuit voltages of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold (first threshold) ( Step S103).

  When the voltage difference Vd is larger than the first threshold value, the control device 10 operates the auxiliary power supply 3 in the first mode. That is, the control device 10 performs control so that the auxiliary power source having a high voltage out of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 performs discharging (first mode) (step S 107). For example, when the open circuit voltage of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 is higher than the open circuit voltage of the second auxiliary power source 3-2, the control device 10 switches the BMU 22 of the first auxiliary power source 3-1. The signal which makes 24 the conduction state is output. Based on this signal, the BMU 22 of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 turns on the switch 24 and causes the power storage unit 20 to perform a discharge process. On the other hand, the control device 10 outputs a signal for turning off the switch 24 to the BMU 22 of the second auxiliary power source 3-2. Based on this signal, the BMU 22 of the second auxiliary power supply 3-2 sets the switch 24 to the cut-off state (or maintains the cut-off state), and the power storage unit 20 of the second auxiliary power supply 3-2 does not perform the discharge process.

  Next, the BMU 22 of the first auxiliary power supply 3-1 opens the circuit based on the closed circuit voltage (CCV) of the power storage unit 20, the current measured by the ammeter 26, and the temperature of the power storage unit 20. The voltage is estimated and output to the control device 10. Thereafter, the control device 10 repeats the processing after step S103 again.

  On the other hand, when the voltage difference Vd is equal to or smaller than the first threshold value, the control device 10 determines whether or not there is a request for high current output from the driving device 12 (step S105). When there is no request for high current output, the control device 10 controls the auxiliary power supply so as to discharge in the first mode (step S107). When there is no request for a high current output and only a small current output is required, the discharge process in the first mode is performed because the influence on the expansion of the voltage difference between the auxiliary power supplies is small. Note that the processing in step S105 is not performed, and parallel output may be performed even when there is no request for high current output.

  When there is a request for high current output, the control device 10 operates the auxiliary power supply in the second mode. That is, the control device 10 performs control so that both the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 perform discharge (second mode) (step S111). Specifically, the control device 10 outputs a signal for turning on the switch 24 to both the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2. Each BMU 22 of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 brings the switch 24 into a conductive state and causes the power storage unit 20 to perform a discharging process.

  Next, the control device 10 determines whether or not the voltages of both the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 are equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold (second threshold) (step S113). .

  When both the voltages input from the first auxiliary power supply 3-1 and the second auxiliary power supply 3-2 are not equal to or less than the second threshold, the control device 10 performs the operation in the second mode in the auxiliary power supply (step S111). Let it continue.

  On the other hand, when both the voltages input from the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 are equal to or lower than the second threshold, the control device 10 operates the auxiliary power source in the third mode. That is, the control device 10 performs control so that both the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 discharge, but discharge with the output power of the power saving use 1 (step S115).

  Next, the control device 10 determines whether or not the SOC of either the first auxiliary power source 3-1 or the second auxiliary power source 3-2 has become 0% (step S117). When the SOC of any one of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 becomes 0%, the control device 10 determines whether the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 The discharge process is stopped, and the process of this flowchart ends. On the other hand, when the SOC of one of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 is not 0%, the control device 10 operates in the third mode in the auxiliary power source (step S115). Continue.

  A meter panel 30 (display device) as shown in FIG. 8 may be provided in the driver's seat of the vehicle 1 so that the driver can check the usage status of the power supply device. For example, the meter panel 30 may include a first display unit 32 that displays whether or not the maximum output from the power supply device 5 is possible. For example, the first display unit 32 lights the lamp when the maximum output is possible from the power supply device 5 (for example, when the maximum current A1 of “normal use” described above can be output), and the first display unit 32 When the maximum output is not possible (for example, when the current is limited to the maximum current A2 of “power saving use 1” or the maximum current A3 of “power saving use 2”), the lamp is turned off. Thus, the driver can easily confirm the usage status of the power supply device and the necessity of output limitation.

  In addition, the color of the lamp of the first display unit 32 so that the driver can understand which of the first to third modes is described (whether there are a plurality of power storage modules that discharge simultaneously). May be changed. For example, in the first mode, the lamp in the meter panel may be lit in blue, in the second mode, the lamp may be lit in green, and in the third mode, the lamp may be lit in red. The meter panel 30 may further include a second display unit 34 that displays the current amount of power that can be output. Thereby, the driver | operator can confirm the more detailed use condition of a power supply device.

  According to the power supply device of the first embodiment described above, by controlling the state of each switch 24 of the plurality of auxiliary power sources 3 based on at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the auxiliary power source 3, In consideration of the difference in voltage or charge state between the auxiliary power supplies 3, the chances that the plurality of auxiliary power supplies 3 discharge simultaneously can be increased, and the output characteristics can be improved. Further, since voltage conversion by a voltage converter or the like is not performed, the system configuration can be simplified, and cost reduction, space saving, and weight reduction can be achieved. Further, since voltage conversion is not performed, conversion loss such as driving of an electronic device can be avoided. Further, it is possible to discharge from the plurality of auxiliary power sources 3 while avoiding a sneak current between the auxiliary power sources 3.

  In the above description, an example in which three discharge modes (first to third modes) and three SOC regions (SOC regions 1 to 3) are used as discharge control of the auxiliary power supply 3 has been described. Accordingly, other discharge modes and SOC regions can be used. In the above description, the three discharge modes are determined based on the respective voltages (voltage differences) from the first auxiliary power source 3-1 to the nth auxiliary power source 3-n. The discharge mode may be determined based on the charging rate (charging rate difference) of each of the 3-1 to n-th auxiliary power source 3-n.

  In the above description, the case where two auxiliary power sources (first auxiliary power source 3-1 and second auxiliary power source 3-2) are used has been described as an example, but the case where three or more auxiliary power sources are used is also described. The above discharge control can be similarly applied. For example, when three or more auxiliary power supplies are included, the first auxiliary power supply is divided into two groups (at least one first auxiliary power supply and at least one second auxiliary power supply) according to the voltage and the charging rate. The discharge control may be performed by comparing at least one average value of the voltage and the charging rate in the battery and at least one average value of the voltage and the charging rate in the second auxiliary power supply. Alternatively, at least one representative value (maximum value or minimum value) of the voltage and charging rate in the first auxiliary power supply and at least one representative value (maximum value or minimum value) of the voltage and charging rate in the second auxiliary power supply And may be compared.

  In the first and second modes, when regenerative power from the drive device 12 is received, the regenerative power is regenerated from the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 to the auxiliary power source having a low voltage. You may control so that electric power may be input. As a result, the voltage difference can be maintained within a certain range, and the parallel output time can be lengthened.

<Second Embodiment>
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the first embodiment, the example in which the discharge processing of the plurality of auxiliary power supplies is controlled based on at least one of the voltage of the power storage unit 20 and the charging rate has been described. However, since a power source with a low resistance value tends to have a larger output power than a power source with a high resistance value, when there is a difference in the resistance value of each auxiliary power source, it is based on the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit 20. In some cases, the SOC difference between the plurality of auxiliary power supplies may increase only with the control. Therefore, in the present embodiment, an example will be described in which the discharge process is controlled based on the resistance values and SOCs of a plurality of auxiliary power supplies. In the description of the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same parts as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted or simplified. In order to facilitate understanding, a case where two auxiliary power sources (first auxiliary power source 3-1 and second auxiliary power source 3-2) are used will be described below as an example.

  First, the control device 10 pauses discharging (that is, the switch 24 is in the cut-off state), and the SOC and resistance value of the power storage unit 20 of each of the first auxiliary power supply 3-1 and the second auxiliary power supply 3-2. To get. Specifically, the control device 10 outputs a signal requesting the SOC and the resistance value to each of the CAN drivers 28 of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 via the communication line L3. . Next, the CAN driver 28 outputs a signal requesting the SOC and the resistance value to the BMU 22. For example, the BMU 22 calculates the SOC from the open circuit voltage of the power storage unit 20. Further, the BMU 22 calculates a resistance value (internal resistance, impedance) based on, for example, a charging log of the power storage unit 20. The BMU 22 outputs the calculated SOC and resistance value to the control device 10 via the CAN driver 28 and the communication line L3 (step S201).

  Next, the control device 10 determines the resistance difference Rd obtained by subtracting the resistance value of the auxiliary power source having a low SOC from the resistance value of the auxiliary power source having a high SOC among the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2. Is calculated, and it is determined whether or not the resistance difference Rd is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold (first threshold) (step S203).

  When the resistance difference Rd is larger than the first threshold value, the control device 10 sets an adjustment flag FG indicating that discharge adjustment based on the resistance difference is necessary (for example, an adjustment flag FG = 1). On the other hand, when the resistance difference Rd is equal to or smaller than the first threshold, the control device 10 does not set the adjustment flag FG. Alternatively, the adjustment flag FG = 0.

  Next, the control device 10 determines whether or not there is an auxiliary power source having an SOC equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold (second threshold) (step S207).

  When there is no auxiliary power having an SOC equal to or lower than the second threshold, the control device 10 determines whether or not the adjustment flag FG is set (step S209). When the adjustment flag FG is not set, the control device 10 performs control so that both the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 perform discharge (parallel output) (step S213). Thereafter, the SOC is updated by current integration or the like (step S217), and the process returns to step S207 again to determine whether or not there is an auxiliary power source having an SOC equal to or lower than the second threshold value.

  On the other hand, when the adjustment flag FG is set, the control device 10 indicates that the SOC difference Sd of the power storage unit 20 of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold (third threshold). And whether there is a request for high power output from the driving device 12 (step S211). When the condition that the SOC difference Sd is equal to or greater than the third threshold value and there is no request for high power output from the drive device 12 is not satisfied, the control device 10 includes the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source. Control is performed so that both of the devices 3-2 discharge (parallel output) (step S213). On the other hand, when the condition that the SOC difference Sd is greater than or equal to the third threshold and there is no request for high power output from the drive device 12 is satisfied, the control device 10 determines that the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-1 Control is performed so that the auxiliary power source having a high SOC in the power storage unit 20 of the auxiliary power source 3-2 performs discharging (step S215). Thereafter, the SOC is updated by current integration or the like (step S217), and the process returns to step S207 again to determine whether or not there is an auxiliary power source having an SOC equal to or lower than the second threshold.

  When it is determined in step S207 that there is an auxiliary power supply having an SOC equal to or lower than the second threshold, the control device 10 determines whether or not the SOCs of all auxiliary power supplies are equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold (second threshold). Judgment is made (step S219). When it is determined that the SOCs of all the auxiliary power sources are not less than or equal to the second threshold value, the control device 10 of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 has an auxiliary power source with a high SOC of the power storage unit 20. Is controlled to discharge (step S215). On the other hand, when determining that the SOCs of all the auxiliary power supplies are equal to or less than the second threshold value, the control device 10 ends the process of this flowchart.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an SOC-OCV characteristic that is a correlation between the open circuit voltage OCV using iron phosphate as the positive electrode of the power storage unit of the auxiliary power supply and the charging rate SOC in the present embodiment. A power storage unit using iron phosphate as a positive electrode has a plateau characteristic that OCV variation is small relative to SOC variation. Therefore, it is preferable to use iron phosphate for the positive electrode of the power storage unit of each auxiliary power source. If such an auxiliary power supply is adopted, even if the SOC of each auxiliary power supply is slightly different, the voltage is almost the same, so current can be input and output without the need for a voltage converter, and at low cost. A space-efficient and lightweight power supply system can be realized. In the power storage unit using iron phosphate as the positive electrode, the voltage extremely increases in a state close to full charge, and the voltage extremely decreases in a state close to full discharge. During normal use, this change is read and on / off control is performed with the upper and lower voltage limits. As a result, since no new parts are added, a low-cost, space-efficient and lightweight power supply system can be realized.

  According to the power supply device of the second embodiment, the increase / decrease tendency of the deviation of the charging rate of the power storage unit 20 is calculated, and the state of each switch 24 of the plurality of auxiliary power supplies 3 is controlled based on the increase / decrease tendency. . Specifically, the discharge process is controlled based on the resistance values and SOCs of the plurality of auxiliary power supplies 3. As a result, even when there is a difference in the resistance values of the auxiliary power supplies, it is possible to increase the opportunity for the plurality of auxiliary power supplies 3 to discharge simultaneously and improve the output characteristics. In the above description, the example of calculating the increase / decrease tendency of the deviation of the charging rate of the power storage unit 20 has been described. However, the increase / decrease tendency of the deviation of the output voltage of the power storage unit 20 is calculated, The state of each switch 24 of the auxiliary power supply 3 may be controlled.

<Third Embodiment>
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Compared with the first embodiment described above, the present embodiment is different in that the charging device 14 is omitted and the main power supply 2 is charged by the power output from the auxiliary power supply 3. Therefore, in the description of the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same parts as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted or simplified.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the power supply device 5A according to the third embodiment. The power supply device 5A is configured by omitting the charging device 14 and further adding a main switch 40 and a plurality of converters (from the first converter 42-1 to the nth converter 42-n) in the power supply device 5 shown in FIG. Have

  The main switch 40 brings the first auxiliary power source 3-1 to the nth auxiliary power source 3-n into a conductive state or a disconnected state between the driving device 12 and the main power source 2. For example, when the plurality of auxiliary power sources 3 include the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2, the main switch 40 is disposed on the path connecting the second auxiliary power source 3-2 and the main power source 2. Is provided. By controlling the state of the main switch 40, connection / disconnection between the second auxiliary power source 3-2 and the main power source 2 can be controlled. A main switch 40 may be provided on a path connecting the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the main power source 2. By controlling the state of the main switch 40, connection / disconnection between the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the main power source 2 can be controlled. Alternatively, the main switch 40 may be provided on a path connecting the first auxiliary power source 3-1 or the second auxiliary power source 3-2 and the driving device 12. By controlling the state of the main switch 40, connection / disconnection between the first auxiliary power source 3-1 or the second auxiliary power source 3-2 and the driving device 12 can be controlled.

  The first converter 42-1 to the n-th converter 42-n convert each output voltage of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 to the n-th auxiliary power source 3-n into a desired voltage value. The first converter 42-1 to the n-th converter 42-n are connected to the first auxiliary power source 3-1 to the n-th auxiliary power source 3-n, respectively.

  Next, the operation of the power supply device 5A in the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of the charging process in the present embodiment. In order to facilitate understanding, a case where two auxiliary power sources (first auxiliary power source 3-1 and second auxiliary power source 3-2) are used will be described below as an example.

  First, the control device 10 determines whether or not the power switch of the vehicle 1 is turned on (step S301). When determining that the power switch of the vehicle 1 is not turned on, the control device 10 does not perform the charging process (step S321), and ends the process of this flowchart.

  Next, when determining that the power switch of the vehicle 1 is turned on, the control device 10 determines whether the auxiliary power source 3 is connected and locked to the vehicle 1 (step S303). When determining that the condition that the auxiliary power source 3 is connected and locked to the vehicle 1 is not satisfied, the control device 10 does not perform the charging process (step S321), and ends the process of this flowchart.

  Next, when it is determined that the auxiliary power source is connected and locked to the vehicle 1, the control device 10 determines whether or not the vehicle mode (operation state) of the vehicle 1 is the travel mode (step S305). This traveling mode indicates that the vehicle 1 is traveling.

  When it is determined that the vehicle 1 is in the traveling mode, the control device 10 performs opening / closing control of the main switch 40 (step S307), and two auxiliary power sources (first auxiliary power source 3-1, second auxiliary power source 3-2). ) Is operated in the charge travel mode (step S309). Specifically, control is performed to output one power of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 to the driving device 12 and output the other power to the main power source 2. That is, during the movement of the vehicle 1, the control device 10 outputs a part of the plurality of auxiliary power sources 3 to the main power source 2 and the remaining part of the plurality of auxiliary power sources 3 to the driving device 12. The main switch 40 is controlled so as to output the signal. Here, the control device 10 outputs the power of the auxiliary power source having a high voltage to the driving device 12 out of the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2. Control to output to the power source 2 may be performed.

  When it is determined that the vehicle mode of the vehicle 1 is not the travel mode (for example, when the vehicle 1 is in the stop mode indicating that the vehicle 1 is stopped), the control device 10 performs opening / closing control of the main switch 40, and first control is performed. Control is performed so that the power of both the auxiliary power supply 3-1 and the second auxiliary power supply 3-2 is output to the main power supply 2 (step S311). That is, the control device 10 makes the number of auxiliary power sources 3 that output power to the main power source 2 while the vehicle 1 is moving smaller than the number of auxiliary power sources 3 that output power to the main power source 2 while the vehicle 1 is stopped. .

  Next, the control device 10 determines whether or not the temperature of the main power supply 2 is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold (first threshold) (step S313). When the temperature of the main power supply 2 is higher than the first threshold value, the control device 10 performs control to operate the first auxiliary power supply 3-1 and the second auxiliary power supply 3-2 in the normal charge mode (step S319). In the normal charging mode, the first and second converters 42-1 and 42- are set so that the output voltages of the first auxiliary power supply 3-1 and the second auxiliary power supply 3-2 are in a predetermined first voltage range. 2 is controlled.

  On the other hand, when the temperature of the main power supply 2 is equal to or lower than the first threshold, the control device 10 determines whether or not the temperature of the auxiliary power supply 3 is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold (second threshold) (step S315). When the temperature of the auxiliary power supply 3 is higher than the second threshold value, the control device 10 performs control to operate the first auxiliary power supply 3-1 and the second auxiliary power supply 3-2 in the normal charge mode (step S319). On the other hand, when the temperature of the auxiliary power source 3 is equal to or lower than the second threshold value, the control device 10 performs control to operate the first auxiliary power source 3-1 and the second auxiliary power source 3-2 in the quick charge mode (step S317). . In this quick charge mode, the first and second output voltages of the first auxiliary power supply 3-1 and the second auxiliary power supply 3-2 are in a second voltage range higher than the first voltage range. Converters 42-1 and 42-2 are controlled. The first threshold temperature may be smaller than the second threshold temperature.

  According to the power supply device of the third embodiment, the charging device can be omitted by adopting a configuration in which the main power supply is charged using a plurality of auxiliary power supplies. Furthermore, since the main power source 2 can be charged even while the vehicle is traveling, the driver can replace the auxiliary power source 3 appropriately, so that it is not necessary to stop the vehicle for charging. Thereby, the system configuration can be simplified, and cost reduction, space saving, and weight reduction can be achieved.

  As mentioned above, although the form for implementing this invention was demonstrated using embodiment, this invention is not limited to such embodiment at all, and various deformation | transformation and substitution are within the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention. Can be added.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Vehicle (transport equipment), 2 ... Main power supply (1st power supply), 3 ... Auxiliary power supply (electric storage module, 2nd power supply), 5 ... Power supply device, 10 ... Control apparatus, 12 ... Drive apparatus, 20 ... Power storage part , 24 ... switch, 28 ... CAN driver (receiver), 30 ... meter panel (display device)

Claims (12)

A plurality of power storage modules connected in parallel, each comprising a power storage unit and a switch for connecting or disconnecting the power storage unit and the driving device of the transport device;
A control device that controls the state of the switch of each of the plurality of power storage modules based on at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit and a difference between resistance values of the plurality of power storage units measured in advance. In the case where the difference between at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit is smaller than the reference and there is no high current output request, and the case where the difference in the resistance value is smaller than the reference, A control device for outputting in parallel to the power storage unit,
A power supply device comprising:   The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the control device controls electric power output from each of the plurality of power storage modules to the drive device based on a voltage or a charging rate of each of the plurality of power storage modules.   3. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of power storage modules is connected to the drive device without a voltage conversion device.   4. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of power storage modules is detachable from the transport device. 5.   The power storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the power storage unit in the plurality of power storage modules includes a positive electrode including iron phosphate.   The control device determines whether or not output limitation of the power storage module with respect to the drive device is necessary based on the number of the power storage modules that are simultaneously discharged and the voltage or the charging rate of the power storage module. The power supply device according to any one of the above. A power supply device according to claim 6,
A transportation device comprising: a display device that displays whether the output restriction is necessary.   The transport device according to claim 7, wherein the display device displays whether or not there are a plurality of the power storage modules that are simultaneously discharged and whether or not the output restriction is necessary.   The transportation device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the display device displays whether or not the number of the power storage modules to be simultaneously discharged is plural and the output restriction is not necessary. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A transportation device comprising: a display device that displays whether or not there are a plurality of the power storage modules that are simultaneously discharged. The power supply
And each power storage unit, and a switch to a conductive state or disconnected state between the driving device of the power storage unit and the transportation equipment, voltage and charge the electric storage unit of each of the plurality of power storage modules connected in parallel Measure at least one of the rates,
Based on at least one of the measured voltage and the charging rate of each power storage unit of each of the plurality of power storage modules and the difference between the resistance values of the plurality of power storage units measured in advance, Control the state of the switch;
The plurality of power storages in both the case where the difference between at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit is smaller than the reference and there is no high current output request and the case where the difference in the resistance value is smaller than the reference Controlling the switch so as to output in parallel to the unit, and controlling connection / disconnection between each of the plurality of power storage modules and the driving device of the transport device,
Power control method. Voltage and charging of each of the plurality of power storage modules connected in parallel, each of which includes a power storage unit and a switch that connects or disconnects the power storage unit and the driving device of the transport device A control device that controls the state of each of the switches of the plurality of power storage modules based on at least one of the rates and a difference in resistance values of the plurality of power storage units measured in advance,
The plurality of power storages in both the case where the difference between at least one of the voltage and the charging rate of the power storage unit is smaller than the reference and there is no high current output request and the case where the difference in the resistance value is smaller than the reference Controlling the switch so as to output in parallel to the unit, and controlling connection / disconnection between each of the plurality of power storage modules and the driving device of the transport device,
Control device.

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